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Wang W, Sun B, Deng J, Ai N. Addressing flavor challenges in reduced-fat dairy products: A review from the perspective of flavor compounds and their improvement strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114478. [PMID: 38823867 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for reduced-fat dairy products (RFDPs) has increased rapidly as the health risks associated with high-fat diets have become increasingly apparent. Unfortunately, lowering the fat content in dairy products would reduce the flavor perception of fat. Fat-derived flavor compounds are the main contributor to appealing flavor among dairy products. However, the contribution of fat-derived flavor compounds remains underappreciated among the flavor improvement factors of RFDPs. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the flavor perception mechanism of fat and the profile of fat-derived flavor compounds in dairy products. Furthermore, the characteristics and influencing factors of flavor compound release are discussed. Based on the role of these flavor compounds, this review analyzed the current and potential flavor improvement strategies for RFDPs, including physical processing, lipolysis, microbial applications, and fat replacement. Overall, promoting the synthesis of milk fat characteristic flavor compounds in RFDPs and aligning the release properties of flavor compounds from the RFDPs with those of equivalent full-fat dairy products are two core strategies to improve the flavor of reduced-fat dairy products. In the future, better modulation of the behavior of flavor compounds by various methods is promising to replicate the flavor properties of fat in RFDPs and meet consumer sensory demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education (Beijing Technology & Business University) Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education (Beijing Technology & Business University) Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Nasi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education (Beijing Technology & Business University) Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Hofstetter CK, Dunkel A, Bussy U, Wimmer M, Kauz T, Stark TD, Didzbalis J, Dawid C, Hofmann T. Toward Unified Flavor Quantitation in Cocoa-Based Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20243-20250. [PMID: 38084639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Because food flavor is perceived through a combination of odor and taste, an analytical method that covers both dimensions would be very beneficial for mapping the consistent product quality over the entirety of a manufacturing process. Such a method, so-called "unified flavor quantitation", has been successfully applied to several different food products in recent years. The simultaneous detection of aroma and taste compounds by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) enables the analysis and quantification of an enormously large number of compounds in a single run. To evaluate the limits of this method, chocolate, a high-fat, complex matrix, was selected. In 38 distinct commercial chocolate samples, 20 flavor-active acids, aldehydes, and sugars were analyzed after a simple, rapid extraction step followed by derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine using a single UHPLC-MS/MS method. The results obtained highlight the great potential of the "unified flavor quantitation" approach and demonstrate the possibility of high-throughput quantitation of key aroma- and taste-active molecules in a single assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Konrad Hofstetter
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Mars Inc., 6885 Elm Street, McLean, Virginia 22101, United States
| | - Miriam Wimmer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Kauz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - John Didzbalis
- Mars Inc., 6885 Elm Street, McLean, Virginia 22101, United States
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship for Functional Phytometabolomics, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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3
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Tian H, Xiong J, Chen S, Yu H, Chen C, Huang J, Yuan H, Lou X. Rapid identification of adulteration in raw bovine milk with soymilk by electronic nose and headspace-gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100696. [PMID: 37187488 PMCID: PMC10176159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adulteration of soymilk (SM) into raw bovine milk (RM) to gain profit without declaration could cause a health risk. In this study, electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace-gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) were applied to establish a rapid and effective method to identify adulteration in RM with SM. The obtained data from HS-GC-IMS and E-nose can distinguish the adulterated samples with SM by principal component analysis. Furthermore, a quantitative model of partial least squares was established. The detection limits of E-nose and HS-GC-IMS quantitative models were 1.53% and 1.43%, the root mean square errors of prediction were 0.7390 and 0.5621, the determination coefficients of prediction were 0.9940 and 0.9958, and the relative percentage difference were 10.02 and 13.27, respectively, indicating quantitative regression and good prediction performances of SM adulteration levels in RM were achieved. This research can provide scientific information on the rapid, non-destructive and effective adulteration detection for RM.
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4
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Bösl M, Dunkel A, Hartl D, Dollinger A, Spaccasassi A, Stark TD, Dawid C, Hofmann TF. Toward High-Throughput Analysis of Aroma Compounds Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Screening of Key Food Odorants in Various Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37228041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show the immense capacities of the unified quantitation of aroma and taste compounds using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The goal of this study was to highlight the broad application of this unified method. Thus, a stable isotope dilution analysis quantification method of the most important key food odorants in various food categories by LC-MS was developed. Using the well-known derivatization agent 3-nitrophenylhydrazine for carbonyl derivatization and a newly developed approach for alcohol and thiol derivatization, a method for the quantitation of 20 key food odorants was established. Intraday precision was determined to be ≤26%, and interday precision was between 24 and 31%. Limits of quantitation were determined between 0.014 and 283 μg/kg. The work shows that a wide array of aroma compounds can be analyzed accurately by LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bösl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Daniela Hartl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Anja Dollinger
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Andrea Spaccasassi
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Thomas F Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising 85354, Germany
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5
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Wen YQ, Xue CH, Zhang HW, Xu LL, Wang XH, Bi SJ, Xue QQ, Xue Y, Li ZJ, Velasco J, Jiang XM. Concomitant oxidation of fatty acids other than DHA and EPA plays a role in the characteristic off-odor of fish oil. Food Chem 2023; 404:134724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Li D, Chitrakar B, Zhang X, Zhang N, Liu C, Li Y, Wang M, Tian H, Li C. Copper inhibits postacidification of yogurt and affects its flavor: A study based on the Cop operon. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:897-911. [PMID: 36526462 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Yogurt and its related products are popular worldwide. During transportation and storage, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in yogurt continues to metabolize to form lactic acid, the postacidification phenomenon of yogurt. Postacidification of yogurt is a widespread phenomenon in the dairy industry. Many scholars have done research on controlling the postacidification process, but few report on the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we used a molecular-assisted approach to screen food additives that can inhibit postacidification and analyzed its effects on yogurt quality as well as its regulatory mechanism from multi-omics perspectives in combination. The copper ion was found to upregulate the expression of the LDB_RS05285 gene, and the copper transporter-related genes were regulated by copper. Based on the metabolic-level analysis, copper was found to promote lactose hydrolysis, accumulate a large amount of glucose and galactose, inhibit the conversion of glucose to lactic acid, and reduce the production of lactic acid. The significantly greater abundance of l-isoleucine and l-phenylalanine increased the abundance of 3-methylbutyraldehyde (∼1.2 times) and benzaldehyde (∼7.9 times) to different degrees, which contributed to the formation of the overall flavor of yogurt. Copper not only stabilizes the acidity of yogurt, but also it improves the flavor of yogurt. Through this established method involving quantitative and correlation analyses at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, this study provides guidance for the research and development of food additives that inhibit postacidification of yogurt and provide a reference for studying the changes of metabolites during storage of yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Dongyao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Probiotic Functional Dairy Product, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Probiotic Functional Dairy Product, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; School of Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, 10089, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Miaoshu Wang
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Probiotic Functional Dairy Product, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; New Hope Tensun (Hebei) Dairy Co. Ltd., Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Probiotic Functional Dairy Product, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Probiotic Functional Dairy Product, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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7
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Niacin inhibits post-acidification of yogurt based on the mining of LDB_RS00370 biomarker gene. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Wen YQ, Xue CH, Zhang HW, Xu LL, Wang XH, Bi SJ, Xue QQ, Xue Y, Li ZJ, Velasco J, Jiang XM. Recombination of oxidized samples of DHA and purified sunflower oil reproduces the odor profile of impaired algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. and reveals the odor contribution of fatty acids other than DHA. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Utz F, Spaccasassi A, Kreissl J, Stark TD, Tanger C, Kulozik U, Hofmann T, Dawid C. Sensomics-Assisted Aroma Decoding of Pea Protein Isolates (Pisum sativum L.). Foods 2022; 11:foods11030412. [PMID: 35159561 PMCID: PMC8834122 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aroma of pea protein (Pisum sativum L.) was decrypted for knowledge-based flavor optimization of new food products containing pea protein. Sensomics helped to determine several volatiles via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. Among the investigated volatiles, representatives of aldehydes, ketones, and acids were reported in literature as especially important in pea and pea-related matrices. After validation of the method and quantitation of the corresponding analytes, sensory reconstitution as well as omission studies of a selected pea protein were performed and revealed nine odor-active compounds as key food odorants (3-methylbutanal, hexanal, acetaldehyde, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E)-2-octenal, benzaldehyde, heptanal, 2-methylbutanal, and nonanoic acid). Interestingly, eight out of nine compounds belonged to the chemical class of aldehydes. Statistical heatmap and cluster analysis of all odor activity values of different pea proteins confirmed the obtained sensory results and generalize these nine key food odorants in other pea proteins. The knowledge of key components gained shows potential for simplifying industrial flavor optimization of pea protein-based food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Utz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Andrea Spaccasassi
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Johanna Kreissl
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Timo D. Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Caren Tanger
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.T.); (U.K.)
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.T.); (U.K.)
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-81-6171-2901
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Branco JR, Esteves AM, Imbroisi Filho R, Demaria TM, Lisboa PC, Lopes BP, Moura EG, Zancan P, Sola-Penna M. Citrate enrichment in a Western diet reduces weight gain via browning of adipose tissues without resolving diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:10947-10955. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Citrate, a major component of processed foods, reduces weight gain without resolving insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ristow Branco
- The MetaboliZSm’ GrouP, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda Moreira Esteves
- The MetaboliZSm’ GrouP, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Imbroisi Filho
- The MetaboliZSm’ GrouP, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Thainá M. Demaria
- The MetaboliZSm’ GrouP, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. Lisboa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pereira Lopes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Egberto G. Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Patricia Zancan
- The MetaboliZSm’ GrouP, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- The MetaboliZSm’ GrouP, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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11
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Pea protein microparticulation using extrusion cooking: Influence of extrusion parameters and drying on microparticle characteristics and sensory by application in a model milk dessert. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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