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Guo D, Wang Z, Wei W, Song W, Wu J, Wen J, Hu G, Li X, Gao C, Chen X, Liu L. Rational design improves both thermostability and activity of a new D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Kroppenstedtia eburnean to produce D-allulose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110448. [PMID: 38657401 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
D-allulose is a naturally occurring rare sugar and beneficial to human health. However, the efficient biosynthesis of D-allulose remains a challenge. Here, we mined a new D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Kroppenstedtia eburnean (KeDt3e) with high catalytic efficiency. Initially, crucial factors contributing to the low conversion of KeDt3e were identified through crystal structure analysis, density functional theory calculations (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Subsequently, based on the mechanism, combining restructuring the flexible region, proline substitution based onconsensus sequence analysis, introducing disulfide bonds, and grafting properties, and reshaping the active center, the optimal mutant M5 of KeDt3e was obtained with enhanced thermostability and activity. The optimal mutant M5 exhibited an enzyme activity of 130.8 U/mg, representing a 1.2-fold increase; Tm value increased from 52.7 °C to 71.2 °C; and half-life at 55 °C extended to 273.7 min, representing a 58.2-fold improvement, and the detailed mechanism of performance improvement was analyzed. Finally, by screening the ribosome-binding site (RBS) of the optimal mutant M5 recombinant bacterium (G01), the engineered strain G08 with higher expression levels was obtained. The engineered strain G08 catalyzed 500 g/L D-fructose to produce 172.4 g/L D-allulose, with a conversion of 34.4% in 0.5 h and productivity of 344.8 g/L/h on a 1 L scale. This study presents a promising approach for industrial-scale production of D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Guo
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Tang X, Ravikumar Y, Zhang G, Yun J, Zhao M, Qi X. D-allose, a typical rare sugar: properties, applications, and biosynthetic advances and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38764407 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2350617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
D-allose, a C-3 epimer of D-glucose and an aldose-ketose isomer of D-allulose, exhibits 80% of sucrose's sweetness while being remarkably low in calories and nontoxic, making it an appealing sucrose substitute. Its diverse physiological functions, particularly potent anticancer and antitumor effects, render it a promising candidate for clinical treatment, garnering sustained attention. However, its limited availability in natural sources and the challenges associated with chemical synthesis necessitate exploring biosynthetic strategies to enhance production. This overview encapsulates recent advancements in D-allose's physicochemical properties, physiological functions, applications, and biosynthesis. It also briefly discusses the crucial role of understanding aldoketose isomerase structure and optimizing its performance in D-allose synthesis. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges and future perspectives in D-allose bioproduction. Early efforts focused on identifying and characterizing enzymes responsible for D-allose production, followed by detailed crystal structure analysis to improve performance through molecular modification. Strategies such as enzyme immobilization and implementing multi-enzyme cascade reactions, utilizing more cost-effective feedstocks, were explored. Despite progress, challenges remain, including the lack of efficient high-throughput screening methods for enzyme modification, the need for food-grade expression systems, the establishment of ordered substrate channels in multi-enzyme cascade reactions, and the development of downstream separation and purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuvaraj Ravikumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Wang QY, Wang HY, Zhang WG, Xu JZ. Economical one-pot synthesis of isoquercetin and D-allulose from quercetin and sucrose using whole-cell biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 176:110412. [PMID: 38402828 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Isoquercetin and D-allulose have diverse applications and significant value in antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and lipid metabolism. Isoquercetin can be synthesized from quercetin, while D-allulose is converted from D-fructose. However, their production scale and overall quality are relatively low, leading to high production costs. In this study, we have devised a cost-effective one-pot method for biosynthesizing isoquercetin and D-allulose using a whole-cell biocatalyst derived from quercetin and sucrose. To achieve this, the optimized isoquercetin synthase and D-allulose-3-epimerase were initially identified through isofunctional gene screening. In order to reduce the cost of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) during isoquercetin synthesis and ensure a continuous supply of UDPG, sucrose synthase is introduced to enable the self-circulation of UDPG. At the same time, the inclusion of sucrose permease was utilized to successfully facilitate the catalytic production of D-allulose in whole cells. Finally, the recombinant strain BL21/UGT-SUS+DAE-SUP, which overexpresses MiF3GTMUT, GmSUS, EcSUP, and DAEase, was obtained. This strain co-produced 41±2.4 mg/L of isoquercetin and 5.7±0.8 g/L of D-allulose using 120 mg/L of quercetin and 20 g/L of sucrose as substrates for 5 h after optimization. This is the first green synthesis method that can simultaneously produce flavonoid compounds and rare sugars. These findings provide valuable insights and potential for future industrial production, as well as practical applications in factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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4
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Xu B, Liu LH, Lai S, Chen J, Wu S, Lei W, Lin H, Zhang Y, Hu Y, He J, Chen X, He Q, Yang M, Wang H, Zhao X, Wang M, Luo H, Ge Q, Gao H, Xia J, Cao Z, Zhang B, Jiang A, Wu YR. Directed Evolution of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to Utilize Allulose as Sole Carbon Source. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301385. [PMID: 38415955 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Sugar substitutes are popular due to their akin taste and low calories. However, excessive use of aspartame and erythritol can have varying effects. While D-allulose is presently deemed a secure alternative to sugar, its excessive consumption is not devoid of cellular stress implications. In this study, the evolution of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is directed to utilize allulose as sole carbon source through a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) techniques. Employing whole genome sequencing (WGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) in conjunction with compensatory expression displayed those genetic mutations in sugar and amino acid metabolic pathways, including glnP, glpF, gmpA, nagE, pgmB, ybaN, etc., increased allulose assimilation. Enzyme-substrate dynamics simulations and deep learning predict enhanced substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency in nagE A247E and pgmB G12R mutants. The findings evince that these mutations hold considerable promise in enhancing allulose uptake and facilitating its conversion into glycolysis, thus signifying the emergence of a novel metabolic pathway for allulose utilization. These revelations bear immense potential for the sustainable utilization of D-allulose in promoting health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Shijing Lai
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Houliang Lin
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao He
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xipeng Chen
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Qian He
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Luo
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qijun Ge
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Huamei Gao
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Baoxun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ao Jiang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
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5
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Guan L, Zhu L, Wang K, Gao Y, Li J, Yan S, Zhang X, Ji N, Fan J, Zhou Y, Yao X, Li B. Biochemical characterization, structure-guided mutagenesis, and application of a recombinant D-allulose 3-epimerase from Christensenellaceae bacterium for the biocatalytic production of D-allulose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1365814. [PMID: 38476966 PMCID: PMC10927987 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1365814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose has become a promising alternative sweetener due to its unique properties of low caloric content, moderate sweetness, and physiological effects. D-Allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) is a promising enzyme for D-Allulose production. However, the low catalytic efficiency limited its large-scale industrial applications. To obtain a more effective biocatalyst, a putative DAEase from Christensenellaceae bacterium (CbDAE) was identified and characterized. The recombinant CbDAE exhibited optimum activity at pH 7.5°C and 55°C, retaining more than 60% relative activity from 40°C to 70°C, and the catalytic activity could be significantly increased by Co2+ supplementation. These enzymatic properties of purified CbDAE were compared with other DAEases. CbDAE was also found to possess desirable thermal stability at 55°C with a half-life of 12.4 h. CbDAE performed the highest relative activity towards D-allulose and strong affinity for D-fructose but relatively low catalytic efficiency towards D-fructose. Based on the structure-guided design, the best double-mutation variant G36N/W112E was obtained which reached up to 4.21-fold enhancement of catalytic activity compared with wild-type (WT) CbDAE. The catalytic production of G36N/W112E with 500 g/L D-fructose was at a medium to a higher level among the DAEases in 3.5 h, reducing 40% catalytic reaction time compared to the WT CbDAE. In addition, the G36N/W112E variant was also applied in honey and apple juice for D-allulose conversion. Our research offers an extra biocatalyst for D-allulose production, and the comprehensive report of this enzyme makes it potentially interesting for industrial applications and will aid the development of industrial biocatalysts for D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Guan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Kunlun Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jialei Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Song Yan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xindi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Nina Ji
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Soybean Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xinmiao Yao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Guo Q, Zhang YX, Zheng LJ, Zhang MJ, Zheng SH, Chen WX, Fan LH, Zheng HD. Transporter mining and metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level D-allulose production from D-fructose by thermo-swing fermentation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300085. [PMID: 37789647 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
D-Allulose is an ultra-low-calorie sweetener with broad market prospects in the fields of food, beverage, health care, and medicine. The fermentative synthesis of D-allulose is still under development and considered as an ideal route to replace enzymatic approaches for large-scale production of D-allulose in the future. Generally, D-allulose is synthesized from D-fructose through Izumoring epimerization. This biological reaction is reversible, and a high temperature is beneficial to the conversion of D-fructose. Mild cell growth conditions seriously limit the efficiency of producing D-allulose through fermentation. FryABC permease was identified to be responsible for the transport of D-allulose in Escherichia coli by comparative transcriptomic analysis. A cell factory was then developed by expression of ptsG-F, dpe, and deletion of fryA, fruA, manXYZ, mak, and galE. The results show that the newly engineered E. coli was able to produce 32.33 ± 1.33 g L-1 of D-allulose through a unique thermo-swing fermentation process, with a yield of 0.94 ± 0.01 g g-1 on D-fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-He Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang M, Mu C, Li Y, Wang Y, Ma W, Ge C, Cheng C, Shi G, Li H, Zhou D. Foliar application of selenium nanoparticles alleviates cadmium toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Evidence on antioxidant, gene expression, and metabolomics analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165521. [PMID: 37467994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and metabolic mechanisms of foliar selenium (Se) nanoparticles (SeNPs) application in mitigating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in crops have not been well studied. Herein, hydroponically cultured maize seedlings were exposed to Cd (20 μM) and treated without and with foliar SeNPs application. Effects of SeNPs on Cd transporter genes and plant metabolism were also explored. Results showed that compared to control plants without Cd exposure, Cd exposure decreased shoot height (16.8 %), root length (17.7 %), and fresh weight of root (24.2 %), stem (28.8 %), and foliar-applied leaves (Se-leaves) (15.0 %) via oxidative damage. Compared to Cd exposure alone, foliar SeNPs application at 20 mg/L (0.25 mg/plant) significantly alleviated the Cd toxicity by promoting photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity and fixing Cd in cell wall. Meanwhile, the mineral concentration of Ca (26.0 %), Fe (55.4 %), Mg (27.0 %), Na (28.6 %), and Zn (10.1 %) in Se-leaves was improved via foliar SeNPs application at 20 mg/L. QRT-PCR analysis further revealed that down- and up-regulation of the expression of ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3 gene in Se-leaves contributed to reduced translocation of Cd in plants and enhanced Cd sequestration in the vacuole, respectively. Metabolomic results further indicated that metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, translation, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism were significantly affected by foliar SeNPs application. In conclusion, foliar SeNPs application at 20 mg/L could be a prospective strategy to mitigate Cd toxicity in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunyi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenghao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Gaoling Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zheng L, Zhou R, Jiang B, Chen J, Hu M, Zhang T. Permeabilized whole cells containing co-expressed cyclomaltodextrinase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase facilitate the synthesis of nonreducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) from β-cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7061-7069. [PMID: 37337412 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maltodextrin is an important bulk ingredient in food and other industries; however, drawbacks such as uneven polymerization and high reducibility limit its utilization. Nonreducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) is a good substitute for maltodextrin owing to its single degree of polymerization and its nonreducing properties. In this study, in vitro cell factory biotransformation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to N-G7 is demonstrated using coexpressed cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase, EC 3.2.1.54) and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase, EC 5.4.99.15). However, the cell membrane prevents β-CD from entering the cell owing to its large diameter. RESULTS The amylase-deficient permeabilized host ΔycjM-ΔmalS-ΔlpxM is utilized for the coexpression of recombinant CDase and MTSase. Deletion of lpxM effectively allows the entry of β-cyclodextrin into the cell, despite its large diameter, without requiring any relevant cell membrane permeability-promoting reagent. This results in a 28.44% increase in the efficiency of β-CD entry into the cell, thus enabling intracellular N-G7 synthesis without the extracellular secretion of recombinant CDase and MTSase. After reacting for 5.5 h, the highest purity of N-G7 (65.50%) is obtained. However, hydrolysis decreases the purity of N-G7 to 49.30%, thus resulting in a conversion rate of 40.16% for N-G7 when the reaction lasts 6 h. Precise control of reaction time is crucial for obtaining high-purity N-G7. CONCLUSION Whole-cell catalysis avoids cell fragmentation and facilitates the creation of an eco-friendly, energy-efficient biotransformation system; thus, it is a promising approach for N-G7 synthesis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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Guo Y, Zhu Z, Lv J, Li Y, Chen J, Cheng X, Li N, Liu J. Irreversible biosynthesis of D-allulose from D-glucose in Escherichia coli through fine-tuning of carbon flux and cofactor regeneration engineering. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37050847 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a rare hexose with low calories and various physiological functions, d-allulose has drawn increasing attention. The current industrial production of d-allulose from d-fructose or d-glucose is achieved via epimerization based on the Izumoring strategy; however, the inherent reaction equilibrium during reversible reaction limits its high conversion yield. Although the conversion of d-fructose to d-allulose could be enhanced via phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mediated by metabolic engineering, biomass reduction and byproduct accumulation remain a largely unresolved issue. RESULTS After modifying the glycolytic pathway of Escherichia coli and optimizing the whole-cell reaction condition, the engineered strain produced 7.57 ± 0.61 g L-1 d-allulose from 30 g L-1 d-glucose after 24 h of catalysis. By developing an ATP regeneration system for enhanced substrate phosphorylation, the cell growth inhibition was alleviated and d-allulose production increased by 55.3% to 11.76 ± 0.58 g L-1 (0.53 g g-1 ). Fine-tuning of carbon flux caused a 48% reduction in d-fructose accumulation to 1.47 ± 0.15 g L-1 . After implementing fed-batch co-substrate strategy, the d-allulose titer reached 15.80 ± 0.31 g L-1 (0.62 g g-1 ) with a d-glucose conversion rate of 84.8%. CONCLUSION The present study reports a novel strategy for high-yield d-allulose production from low-cost substrate. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yumei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Longzhou, China
| | - Xiyao Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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10
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Feng T, Wang Z, Li H, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhao J, Liu J. Whole-cell biotransformation for simultaneous synthesis of allitol and d-gluconic acid in recombinant Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:433-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Guo Y, Feng T, Wang Z, Li H, Wei X, Chen J, Niu D, Liu J. Phosphorylation-Driven Production of d-Allulose from d-Glucose by Coupling with an ATP Regeneration System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15539-15547. [PMID: 36458726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose is a desirable sucrose substitute with potential applications in food and health care. d-Allulose can be synthesized using d-glucose as a substrate through coupling glucose isomerase with d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase); however, the product yield is typically less than 20% at reaction equilibrium and thus limits its use in industrial applications. Here, a 3R-ketose phosphorylation pathway coupled with an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system was developed for the efficient synthesis of d-allulose in Escherichia coli using d-glucose as a substrate. The l-rhamnulose kinase (RhaB) was used to break the inherent reaction equilibrium due to its substrate specificity, resulting in increases in d-allulose titer by 69.9% to 4.96 ± 0.49 g/L. By optimizing the whole cell transformation conditions and designing an ATP regeneration module, d-allulose production reached 17.62 ± 0.77 g/L from 30 g/L d-glucose with a final yield of 0.73 g/g without the addition of exogenous ATP. To evaluate the potential industrial application of this multienzyme cascade system, d-allulose was produced from cane molasses (124.16 ± 2.69 g/L glucose equivalent) with a final d-allulose titer of 62.60 ± 3.76 g/L. The present study provides a practical enzymatic approach for the economical synthesis of d-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Longzhou, Guangxi 532415, China
| | - Debao Niu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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12
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Guo Q, Liu MM, Zheng SH, Zheng LJ, Ma Q, Cheng YK, Zhao SY, Fan LH, Zheng HD. Methanol-Dependent Carbon Fixation for Irreversible Synthesis of d-Allulose from d-Xylose by Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14255-14263. [PMID: 36286250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose is a rare hexose with great application potential, owing to its moderate sweetness, low energy, and unique physiological functions. The current strategies for d-allulose production, whether industrialized or under development, utilize six-carbon sugars such as d-glucose or d-fructose as a substrate and are usually based on the principle of reversible Izumoring epimerization. In this work, we designed a novel route that coupled the pathways of methanol reduction, pentose phosphate (PP), ribulose monophosphate (RuMP), and allulose monophosphate (AuMP) for Escherichia coli to irreversibly synthesize d-allulose from d-xylose and methanol. After improving the expression of AlsE by SUMO fusion and regulating the carbon fluxes by knockout of FrmRAB, RpiA, PfkA, and PfkB, the titer of d-allulose in fed-batch fermentation reached ≈70.7 mM, with a yield of ≈0.471 mM/mM on d-xylose or ≈0.512 mM/mM on methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ming Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-He Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Kai Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Ying Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang W, Wei M, Sun X, Lu F, Guan L, Mao S, Qin HM. Fine-Tuning of Carbon Flux and Artificial Promoters in Bacillus subtilis Enables High-Level Biosynthesis of d-Allulose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13935-13944. [PMID: 36278912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose is an attractive rare sugar that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener with significant health benefits. To meet the increasing market demands, it is necessary to develop an efficient and extensive microbial fermentation platform for the synthesis of d-allulose. Here, we applied a comprehensive systematic engineering strategy in Bacillus subtilis WB600 by introducing d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase), combined with the deactivation of fruA, levDEFG, and gmuE, to balance the metabolic network for the efficient production of d-allulose. This resulting strain initially produced 3.24 g/L of d-allulose with a yield of 0.93 g of d-allulose/g d-fructose. We further screened and obtained a suitable dual promoter combination and performed fine-tuning of its spacer region. After 64 h of fed-batch fermentation, the optimized engineered B. subtilis produced d-allulose at titers of 74.2 g/L with a yield of 0.93 g/g and a conversion rate of 27.6%. This d-allulose production strain is a promising platform for the industrial production of rare sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Meijing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Institute of Food Processing, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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14
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Zheng LJ, Guo Q, Zhang YX, Liu CY, Fan LH, Zheng HD. Engineering of Escherichia coli for D-allose fermentative synthesis from D-glucose through izumoring cascade epimerization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1050808. [PMID: 36338116 PMCID: PMC9633178 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
D-Allose is a potential alternative to sucrose in the food industries and a useful additive for the healthcare products in the future. At present, the methods for large-scale production of D-allose are still under investigation, most of which are based on in vitro enzyme-catalyzed Izumoring epimerization. In contrast, fermentative synthesis of D-allose has never been reported, probably due to the absence of available natural microorganisms. In this work, we co-expressed D-galactose: H+ symporter (GalP), D-glucose isomerase (DGI), D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE), and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) in Escherichia coli, thereby constructing an in vivo Izumoring pathway for yielding D-allose from D-glucose. The carbon fluxes and carbon catabolite repression (CCR) were rationally regulated by knockout of FruA, PtsG, Glk, Mak, PfkA, and PfkB involved in the pathways capable of phosphorylating D-fructose, D-glucose, and fructose-6-phosphate. Moreover, the native D-allose transporter was damaged by inactivation of AlsB, thus driving the reversible Izumoring reactions towards the target product. Fermentation was performed in the M9 medium supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source and D-glucose as a substrate. The results show that the engineered E. coli cell factory was able to produce approximately 127.35 mg/L of D-allose after 84 h. Our achievements in the fermentative production of D-allose in this work may further promote the green manufacturing of rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
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15
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The Characterization of a Novel D-allulose 3-Epimerase from Blautia produca and Its Application in D-allulose Production. Foods 2022; 11:3225. [PMCID: PMC9601914 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
D-allulose is a natural rare sugar with important physiological properties that is used in food, health care items, and even the pharmaceutical industry. In the current study, a novel D-allulose 3-epimerase gene (Bp-DAE) from the probiotic strain Blautia produca was discovered for the production and characterization of an enzyme known as Bp-DAE that can epimerize D-fructose into D-allulose. Bp-DAE was strictly dependent on metals (Mn2+ and Co2+), and the addition of 1 mM of Mn2+ could enhance the half-life of Bp-DAE at 55 °C from 60 to 180 min. It exhibited optimal activity in a pH of 8 and 55 °C, and the Km values of Bp-DAE for the different substrates D-fructose and D-allulose were 235.7 and 150.7 mM, respectively. Bp-DAE was used for the transformation from 500 g/L D-fructose to 150 g/L D-allulose and exhibited a 30% of conversion yield during biotransformation. Furthermore, it was possible to employ the food-grade microbial species Bacillus subtilis for the production of D-allulose using a technique of whole-cell catalysis to circumvent the laborious process of enzyme purification and to obtain a more stable biocatalyst. This method also yields a 30% conversion yield.
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16
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Guo Q, Liu CY, Zheng LJ, Zheng SH, Zhang YX, Zhao SY, Zheng HD, Fan LH, Lin XC. Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli for Conversion of D-Fructose to D-Allulose via Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:947469. [PMID: 35814008 PMCID: PMC9257026 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose is an ultra-low calorie sweetener with broad market prospects. As an alternative to Izumoring, phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is a promising method for D-allulose synthesis due to its high conversion of substrate, which has been preliminarily attempted in enzymatic systems. However, in vitro phosphorylation-dephosphorylation requires polyphosphate as a phosphate donor and cannot completely deplete the substrate, which may limit its application in industry. Here, we designed and constructed a metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli for producing D-allulose from D-fructose via in vivo phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. PtsG-F and Mak were used to replace the fructose phosphotransferase systems (PTS) for uptake and phosphorylation of D-fructose to fructose-6-phosphate, which was then converted to D-allulose by AlsE and A6PP. The D-allulose titer reached 0.35 g/L and the yield was 0.16 g/g. Further block of the carbon flux into the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway and introduction of an ATP regeneration system obviously improved fermentation performance, increasing the titer and yield of D-allulose to 1.23 g/L and 0.68 g/g, respectively. The E. coli cell factory cultured in M9 medium with glycerol as a carbon source achieved a D-allulose titer of ≈1.59 g/L and a yield of ≈0.72 g/g on D-fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yang Liu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shang-He Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Su-Ying Zhao
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Hai Fan, ; Xiao-Cheng Lin,
| | - Xiao-Cheng Lin
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Hai Fan, ; Xiao-Cheng Lin,
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Zhao J, Guo Y, Li Q, Chen J, Niu D, Liu J. Reconstruction of a Cofactor Self-Sufficient Whole-Cell Biocatalyst System for Efficient Biosynthesis of Allitol from d-Glucose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3775-3784. [PMID: 35298165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined catalysis of glucose isomerase (GI), d-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase), ribitol dehydrogenase (RDH), and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) provides a convenient route for the biosynthesis of allitol from d-glucose; however, the low catalytic efficiency restricts its industrial applications. Here, the supplementation of 0.32 g/L NAD+ significantly promoted the cell catalytic activity by 1.18-fold, suggesting that the insufficient intracellular NAD(H) content was a limiting factor in allitol production. Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) with 18.13-fold higher activity than FDH was used for reconstructing a cofactor self-sufficient system, which was combined with the overexpression of the rate-limiting genes involved in NAD+ salvage metabolic flow to expand the available intracellular NAD(H) pool. Then, the multienzyme self-assembly system with SpyTag and SpyCatcher effectively channeled intermediates, leading to an 81.1% increase in allitol titer to 15.03 g/L from 25 g/L d-glucose. This study provided a facilitated strategy for large-scale and efficient biosynthesis of allitol from a low-cost substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jing Chen
- South Subtropical Agricultural Scientific Research Institute of Guangxi, Longzhou, Guangxi 532415, China
| | - Debao Niu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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