Lotus Seed Green Embryo Extract and a Purified Glycosyloxyflavone Constituent, Narcissoside, Activate TRPV1 Channels in Dorsal Root Ganglion Sensory Neurons

Brown goat yogurt: Metabolomics, peptidomics, and sensory changes during production

Brown goat milk products have gained popularity for their unique taste and flavor. The emergence of chain-reversal phenomenon makes the design and development of goat milk products gradually tend to a consumer-oriented model. However, the precise mechanism of how browning and fermentation process causes characteristics is not clear. In an effort to understand how the treatments potentially lead to certain metabolite profile changes in goat milk, comprehensive, quantitative metabolomics and peptidomics analysis of goat milk samples after browning and fermentation were undertaken. An intelligent hybrid z-score standardization-principal components algorithm-multimodal denoizing autoencoder was used for feature fusion and hidden layer fusion in high-dimensional variable space. The fermentation process significantly improved the flavor of brown goat yogurt through the tricarboxylic acid-urea-glycolysis composite pathway. Bitter peptides HPFLEWAR, PPGLPDKY, and PPPPPKK have strong interactions with both putative dipeptidyl peptidase IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme, proving that brown goat yogurt can be considered as effective provider of potential putative dipeptidyl peptidase IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The level of health-promoting bioactive components and sensory contributed to consumer selection. The proposed multimodal data integrative analysis platform was applicable to explain the effect of the dynamic changes of metabolites and peptides on consumer preferences.

Neuroprotective Capability of Narcissoside in 6-OHDA-Exposed Parkinson's Disease Models through Enhancing the MiR200a/Nrf-2/GSH Axis and Mediating MAPK/Akt Associated Signaling Pathway

We assessed the antioxidant potential of narcissoside from Sambucus nigra flowers (elderflowers) in Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that narcissoside lessened the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In the 6-OHDA-exposed Caenorhabditis elegans model, narcissoside reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and ROS generation, and also improved dopamine-related food-sensitive behavior and shortened lifespan. Moreover, NCS increased total glutathione (GSH) by increasing the expression of the catalytic subunit and modifier subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase in cells and nematodes. Treatment with a GSH inhibitor partially abolished the anti-apoptotic ability of narcissoside. Furthermore, narcissoside diminished the 6-OHDA-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38, while rising activities of ERK and Akt in resisting apoptosis. The antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity analysis and electromobility gel shift assay showed that narcissoside promotes the transcriptional activity mediated by Nrf2. Finally, we found that narcissoside augmented the expression of miR200a, a translational inhibitor of the Nrf2 repressor protein Keap1. Downregulation of Nrf2 and miR200a by RNAi and anti-miR200a, respectively, reversed the neuroprotective ability of narcissoside. In summary, narcissoside can enhance the miR200a/Nrf2/GSH antioxidant pathway, alleviate 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, and has the neuroprotective potential.

Influence of ripening stage and meteorological parameters on the accumulation pattern of polyphenols in greengages (Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc) by widely targeted metabolomic

Greengage is a Chinese traditional medicine food homology plant that contains abundant polyphenols. Greengages with different levels of maturity have different medicinal functions and applications. Therefore, this study comprehensively analysed the phenolic compounds in greengage of whole mature stage. Notably, the influence of climate conditions on greengage polyphenol synthesis was deeply explored. The polyphenols of greengages were profiled based on the widely targeted metabolomic technology using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). A total of 214 polyphenols were detected, covering 11 subclasses. During the ripening of greengages, these polyphenols first increased and then decreased, peaking during the swell stage. Multivariate statistical methods, including redundancy analysis (RDA), random forest analysis, Mantel test, and Spearman's correlation indicated that temperature, sunshine hours, humidity, and radiation were important factors driving the formation and changes in the polyphenols of greengages. In particular, flavanones and flavonols, showed a structure-dependent response to temperature and radiation.