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Talaee N, Azadvar S, Khodadadi S, Abbasi N, Asli-Pashaki ZN, Mirabzadeh Y, Kholghi G, Akhondzadeh S, Vaseghi S. Comparing the effect of fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, on the level of BDNF and depression in preclinical and clinical studies: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:983-1016. [PMID: 38558317 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms underlying depression. It seems that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improve depression via affecting BDNF level. In this systematic review, for the first time, we aimed to review the effect of three SSRIs including fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, on both depression and BDNF level in preclinical and clinical studies. PubMed electronic database was searched, and 193 articles were included in this study. After reviewing all manuscripts, only one important difference was found: subjects. We found that SSRIs induce different effects in animals vs. humans. Preclinical studies showed many controversial effects, while human studies showed only two effects: improvement of depression, with or without the improvement of BDNF. However, most studies used chronic SSRIs treatment, while acute SSRIs were not effectively used and evaluated. In conclusion, it seems that SSRIs are reliable antidepressants, and the improvement effect of SSRIs on depression is not dependent to BDNF level (at least in human studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Talaee
- Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shataw Azadvar
- Department of Power Electronic, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khodadadi
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahal Abbasi
- Department of Health Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yasaman Mirabzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, 1419815477, Iran.
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Zhao F, Zhang K, Chen H, Zhang T, Zhao J, Lv Q, Yu Q, Ruan M, Cui R, Li B. Therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of ginseng for depression associated with COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:229-247. [PMID: 38012459 PMCID: PMC10907431 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a global outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly spread to various national regions. As the number of COVID-19 patients has increased, some of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 have developed a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including depression, cognitive impairment, and fatigue. A distinct storm of inflammatory factors that contribute to the initial disease but also a persistent post-acute phase syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Neuropsychological symptoms including depression, cognitive impairment, and fatigue are closely related to circulating and local (brain) inflammatory factors. Natural products are currently being examined for their ability to treat numerous complications caused by COVID-19. Among them, ginseng has anti-inflammatory, immune system stimulating, neuroendocrine modulating, and other effects, which may help improve psychiatric symptoms. This review summarizes the basic mechanisms of COVID-19 pneumonia, psychiatric symptoms following coronavirus infections, effects of ginseng on depression, restlessness, and other psychiatric symptoms associated with post-COVID syn-dromes, as well as possible mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Liu F, Huang S, Guo D, Li X, Han Y. Deep brain stimulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex reverses depressive-like behaviors via BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in rats. Life Sci 2023; 334:122222. [PMID: 38084673 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic approach for managing major depressive disorder (MDD) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is recognized as a promising target region. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate a preclinical paradigm of bilateral vmPFC DBS and examine the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like effects using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats were subjected to stereotaxic surgery and deep brain stimulation paradigm in non-stressed and CUS rats respectively, and the therapeutic effect of DBS were assessed by a series of behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test. The potential involvement of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and its downstream effects in this process were also investigated using western blot. KEY FINDINGS We identified that a stimulation protocol consisting of 130 Hz, 200 μA, 90 μs pulses administered for 5 h per day over a period of 7 days effectively mitigated CUS-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. These therapeutic effects were associated with the enhancement of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and its downstream ERK1/2 activity. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide valuable insights into the potential clinical utility of vmPFC DBS as an approach of improving the symptoms experienced by individuals with MDD. This evidence contributes to our understanding of the neurobiological basis of depression and offers promise for the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Guo
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Lu B, Wang D, Xie D, Wu C, Sun M. 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol ameliorates MAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175468. [PMID: 36566009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases and may develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, which has threatened human health. Although NLRP3 inflammasome is widely recognized in the pathogenesis of MAFLD, there are currently no drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome approved by regulatory agencies. Panax ginseng and its main saponin components have been used to regulate inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Notably, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) is an active metabolite of protopanaxatriol saponins with prominent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanism by which PPT ameliorates MAFLD has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study explored the efficacy and mechanism of PPT in treating MAFLD based on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. First, we screened potential NLRP3 inflammasome blockers from protopanaxadiol saponins in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated by LPS and different inflammasome inducers. Second, LPS-primed mouse BMDMs, mouse primary hepatocytes, mouse primary Kupffer cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by cholesterol and ATP were used to evaluate the effect of PPT in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, MCD-induced mouse MAFLD were established to verify the therapeutic effect of PPT by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results showed that PPT of ginseng saponins significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in multiple primary cells, suppressed systemic inflammation, restored liver function, and attenuated liver inflammation as well as fibrosis in MCD--induced mouse MAFLD. Collectively, protopanaxatriol saponins metabolite PPT, may serve as a potent therapeutic agent for MAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Lu
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dong Xie
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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5
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Peng X, Tang F, Yang Y, Li T, Hu X, Li S, Wu W, He K. Bidirectional effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115578. [PMID: 35917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bidirectional property of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was recorded in the classic work Medicine Origin (Yi Xue Qi Yuan) as early as the Jin and Yuan dynasties of ancient China. Since then, this imperative theory has been applied to guide the clinical application of TCMs. Studies have been performed to investigate this phenomenon only over the last three decades. A limited number of reviews on the bidirectional role of TCMs have been published, and almost all current studies are published in the Chinese language. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide the first comprehensive evidence regarding the bidirectional effects and the underlying mechanisms of TCMs and their active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information relevant to opposing pharmacological activities or opposing properties exerted by TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and their active compound, as well as their mechanisms was summarized by searching Chinese and English databases, including the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Although the bidirectional regulation of TCMs has been applied in the clinic since ancient times in China, only limited reviews have been published in Chinese. The existing data showed that bidirectional effects can be found in TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and pure active compounds. Additionally, the bidirectional role of TCMs was primarily reported in the modulation of immune function, blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility, the central nervous system and blood pressure. This may because the therapeutic outcomes of these disorders are more obvious than those of other complicated diseases. Intriguingly, some herbal medicines have multiple bidirectional activities; for instance, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer showed bidirectional regulation of immune function and the central nervous system; Astragalus membranaceus can bidirectionally regulate blood pressure and immune function; and Rheum officinale Baill exerts bidirectional effects on blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility and immune function. The mechanisms underlying the bidirectional effects of TCMs are largely attributed to the complexity of herbal constituents, dosage differences, the processing of herbal medicine, and compatibility of medicines, the physiological conditions of patients and adaptogenic effects. CONCLUSION Uncovering the bidirectional effects and mechanisms of TCMs is of great importance for both scientific research and clinical applications. This review may help to facilitate the recognition of the bidirectional role of TCMs, to explain some seemingly-opposite phenomena in the pharmacological study of herbal medicines and to provide guidance for TCM practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Fang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Tiandan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaochao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
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Wu Q, Duan WZ, Chen JB, Zhao XP, Li XJ, Liu YY, Ma QY, Xue Z, Chen JX. Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Roles in Developing Therapeutic Approach and Delivery Tool of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depressive Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843412. [PMID: 35401216 PMCID: PMC8988068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by cells, which play an essential role in intercellular communication by delivering cellular components including DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, cytoplasm, and cell surface proteins into recipient cells. EVs play a vital role in the pathogenesis of depression by transporting miRNA and effector molecules such as BDNF, IL34. Considering that some herbal therapies exhibit antidepressant effects, EVs might be a practical delivery approach for herbal medicine. Since EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the advantages of EV-mediated herbal drug delivery for treating depression with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is that EVs can transfer herbal medicine into the brain cells. This review focuses on discussing the roles of EVs in the pathophysiology of depression and outlines the emerging application of EVs in delivering CHM for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wen-Zhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jian-Bei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Birmann PT, Casaril AM, Zugno GP, Acosta GG, Severo Sabedra Sousa F, Collares T, Seixas FK, Jacob RG, Brüning CA, Savegnago L, Hartwig D. Flower essential oil of Tagetes minuta mitigates oxidative stress and restores BDNF-Akt/ERK2 signaling attenuating inflammation- and stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Res 2022; 1784:147845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yuan C, Yao Y, Liu T, Jin Y, Yang C, Loh XJ, Li Z. Research Progress on Natural Compounds Exerting an Antidepressant Effect through Anti-inflammatory. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:934-956. [PMID: 34420503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210820115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness that belongs to the category of emotional disorders that causes serious damage to the health and life of patients, while inflammation is considered to be one of the important factors that causes depression. In this case, it might be important to explore the possible therapeutic approach by using natural compounds exerting an anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effect, which it filed has not been systematically reviewed recently. Hence, this review aims to systematically sort the literature related to the mechanism of exerting an antidepressant effect through anti-inflammatory actions, and to summarize the related natural products in the past 20 years, in terms of a number of inflammatory related pathways (i.e., the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, monoamine neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine) (5-HT and NE), the nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, proinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophins, or cytokine-signaling pathways), which might provide a useful reference for the potential treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102. China
| | - Yucen Yao
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College Pharmacy, Harbin University of commerce, 1Xuehai Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028. China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003. China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, China. China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634. Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634. Singapore
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9
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Moragrega I, Ríos JL. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:656-685. [PMID: 33434941 DOI: 10.1055/a-1338-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their extracts are natural remedies with enormous potential for treating various diseases, including depression and anxiety. In the case of depression, hundreds of plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine for generations. Different plant extracts and natural products have been analyzed as potential antidepressant agents with validated models to test for antidepressant-like effects in animals, although other complementary studies have also been employed. Most of these studies focus on the possible mediators implicated in these potential effects, with dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline being the principal neurotransmitters implicated, both through interference with receptors and with their metabolism by monoamino oxidases, as well as through neuro-endocrine and neuroprotective effects. There are approximately 650 reports of antidepressant-like medicinal plants in PubMed; 155 of them have been compiled in this review, with a relevant group yielding positive results. Saffron and turmeric are the most relevant species studied in both preclinical and clinical studies; St. John's wort or kava have also been tested extensively. To the best of our knowledge, no review to date has provided a comprehensive understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms of action of these herbs or of whether their potential effects could have real benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an update regarding medicinal plants from the year 2000 to the present to examine the therapeutic potential of these antidepressant-like plants in order to contribute to the development of new therapeutic methods to alleviate the tremendous burden that depression causes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de València
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València
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10
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Liu Q, Kim SB, Jo YH, Ahn JH, Turk A, Kim DE, Chang BY, Kim SY, Jeong CS, Hwang BY, Park SY, Lee MK. Curcubinoyl flavonoids from wild ginseng adventitious root cultures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12212. [PMID: 34108581 PMCID: PMC8190163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild ginseng (Panax ginseng) adventitious root cultures were prepared by elicitation using methyl jasmonate and investigated further to find new secondary metabolites. Chromatographic fractionation of wild ginseng adventitious root cultures led to the isolation of eleven compounds. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were identified as four known flavanone derivatives (1–4), one new curcubinoyl derivative, jasmogin A (5) and six new curcubinoyl-flavanone conjugates, jasmoflagins A-F (6–11) by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Newly isolated curcubinoyl derivatives showed inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, our present study suggested that elicitor stimulated plant cell cultures might contribute to the production of new metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman Turk
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Seung Jeong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Basu Mallik S, Mudgal J, Hall S, Kinra M, Grant GD, Nampoothiri M, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Arora D. Remedial effects of caffeine against depressive-like behaviour in mice by modulation of neuroinflammation and BDNF. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1836-1844. [PMID: 33814004 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1906393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Caffeine (CAF) is one of the most commonly consumed nutritional stimulant in beverages. Interestingly, CAF produces varied effects in a dose-dependent manner, and that makes it one of the most controversial nutritional ingredients. Various studies have linked CAF consumption and reduced risk of depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CAF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviour.Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four groups consisting of saline (SAL), LPS, CAF and Imipramine (IMI). Animals were pretreated orally with CAF (10 mg/kg) and IMI (10 mg/kg) for 14 days once daily and all groups except SAL were challenged with LPS (0.83 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 14.Results: LPS produced a biphasic behavioural response with a significantly high immobility time and weight loss after 24 h. The brain cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) levels were remarkably high, along with increased lipid peroxidation and reduced Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). These biochemical and behavioural changes were significantly alleviated by CAF and IMI chronic treatment.Conclusion: The results of this study implicate that mild-moderate consumption of CAF could impart anti-inflammatory properties under neuroinflammatory conditions by modulating the cytokine and neurotrophic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Basu Mallik
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Manas Kinra
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Gary D Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Devinder Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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12
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Namgung E, Kim J, Jeong H, Hong G, Kim M, Kim RY, Kim S, Lyoo IK. Effects of Korean red ginseng on human gray matter volume and cognitive function: A voxel-based morphometry study. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2767. [PMID: 33217050 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) supplementation on gray matter volume of the human brain which could be related to cognitive enhancing effects of KRG. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 51 healthy individuals were assigned to receive either KRG (1000 mg/day, n = 26) or placebo (n = 25) for 8 weeks. Gray matter volume of the whole brain was measured using voxel-based morphometry based on high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images acquired at baseline and week 8. The standardized composite cognitive scores of executive function, attention, and memory were also evaluated at baseline and week 8. Changes in gray matter volume as well as the composite cognitive scores were compared between the KRG and placebo groups. RESULTS Following 8 weeks of KRG supplementation, the gray matter volume of the left parahippocampal gyrus increased significantly in the KRG group, relative to the placebo group (p for interaction < 0.001). The KRG group also showed greater magnitude of enhancement in the composite cognitive scores relative to the placebo group (p for interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Gray matter volume increase in the parahippocampus may be a key neural change as induced by KRG supplementation, which could be associated with cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Namgung
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahae Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rye Young Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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13
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A Review of Fungal Protoilludane Sesquiterpenoid Natural Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120928. [PMID: 33352728 PMCID: PMC7765842 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been a great source for drug leads, due to a vast majority possessing unique chemical structures. Such an example is the protoilludane class of natural products which contain an annulated 5/6/4-ring system and are almost exclusively produced by fungi. They have been reported to possess a diverse range of bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss the isolation, structure elucidation and any reported bioactivities of this compound class, including establishment of stereochemistry and any total syntheses of these natural products. A total of 180 protoilludane natural products, isolated in the last 70 years, from fungi, plant and marine sources are covered, highlighting their structural diversity and potential in drug discovery.
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14
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Srivastava P, Bungau S. Unfolding the Role of BDNF as a Biomarker for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:2008-2021. [PMID: 33230708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known disabling mental illness characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, and decreased energy. The symptoms of depression are usually recurrent in vulnerable individuals, and persistence of symptoms significantly impairs individuals' quality of life. The exact pathophysiology of depression remains ambiguous, though many hypotheses have been proposed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been reported to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF is an important neurotrophic factor found in the human brain and is involved in neuronal growth and proliferation, synaptic neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. The neurotrophic theory of depression proposes that depression results from reduced BDNF levels in the brain, which can be treated with antidepressants to alleviate depressive behavior and increase BDNF levels. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and in antidepressant therapy. The studies mentioned in this review article greatly support the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and treatment of this disorder with antidepressants. Since abnormalities in BDNF levels lead to the production of diverse insults that amplify the development or progression of depression, it is important to study and explore BDNF impairment in relation to depression, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis, and increasing BDNF levels through antidepressant therapy, showing positive response in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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15
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Sun X, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhu H, Liu S. Panaxynol attenuates CUMS-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors via regulating neurotransmitters, synapses and the HPA axis in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:1235-1244. [PMID: 32048672 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Panaxynol (PAL, also called falcarinol) is widely found in plants of the Umbelliferae family, among which carrots are rich in PAL, so it is proved to be edible. PAL has neuroprotective effects and other pharmacological activities. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of PAL on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety and depression in mice. The effects of PAL on behavioral activities in mice were first assessed by a CUMS-induced depression model. The secretion levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related hormones were measured by ELISA. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and synapse-associated protein in the hippocampus. The behavioral experiment results showed that PAL can improve exploratory behavior and activities in mice. Meanwhile, PAL can significantly activate the release of 5-HT/5-HIAA and DA/HVA in the hippocampus. It inhibits the expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in serum and the hypothalamus. The contents of GR, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) and synapsin I protein in the hippocampus significantly increased. Studies have found that PAL can inhibit the hyperfunction of the HPA axis, which may be achieved by regulating HPA axis hormones and GR. Meanwhile, PAL promotes the release of 5-HT and DA in the hippocampus and improves synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, allowing neurotransmitters to function more effectively. Therefore, PAL may improve anxiety and depression-like effects in mice through the abovementioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Tingwen Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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16
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Locateli G, de Oliveira Alves B, Miorando D, Ernetti J, Alievi K, Zilli GAL, Serpa PZ, Vecchia CAD, Mota da Silva L, Müller LG, Roman Junior WA. Antidepressant-like effects of solidagenone on mice with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression. Behav Brain Res 2020; 395:112863. [PMID: 32818537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the pharmacological potential of solidagenone from Solidago chilensis, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate its antidepressant-like effect in mice with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive like behavior and its mode of action through the measurement of neuroinflammatory and oxidative markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the prophylactic test, the mice were pretreated with solidagenone (1, 10 or 100 mg/kg, p.o) and after one hour received LPS. In therapeutic test, the mice received LPS and after 5 h were treated with solidagenone (1, 10 or 100 mg/kg, p.o). In both experimental approaches, the animals were submitted to OFT and to the TST after 6 and 24 h of the LPS administration, respectively. One hour after the TST the animals were euthanized, the blood was collected, the cortex was removed and biochemical analyzes were performed for measurement of the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS The LPS induced sickness- and depressive-like behaviors and increased the cortical activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the IL-6 and TNF amount. Interestingly, the pretreatment with solidagenone at 100 mg/kg avoided the behavioral alterations in OFT. In the mice post treated with solidagenone, all tested doses of resulted in an antidepressant-like effect evidenced by the decrease in immobility time in the TST. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the MPO activity and in the IL-6 and TNF levels in the cortex in parallel to the increase in catalase activity. CONCLUSIONS The solidagenone has a promissor antidepressant-like potential, which can result of its beneficial action in the neuroinflammation process and due its antioxidant capability at the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelvani Locateli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Oliveira Alves
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela Miorando
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jackeline Ernetti
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly Alievi
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Zanotelli Serpa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristian Alex Dalla Vecchia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Liz Girardi Müller
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Walter Antônio Roman Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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17
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Shi YH, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu Z, Fu H, Zheng GQ. Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:285. [PMID: 32296332 PMCID: PMC7137731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, while pharmacological therapy options are limited. Ginsenosides are the major bioactive compounds in Ginseng and have been found to have various pharmacological effects in the nervous system. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the effects of Ginsenoside-Rb1 (G-Rb1), an important ingredient of ginsenosides, and the probable neuroprotective mechanisms in experimental ischemic strokes. Methods Studies of G-Rb1 on ischemic stroke animal models were identified from 7 databases. No clinical trials were included in the analysis. The primary outcome measures were neurological function scores, infarct volume, evans blue content and/or brain water content (BWC). The second outcome measures were the possible neuroprotective mechanisms. All the data were analyzed by Rev Man 5.3. Result Pooled preclinical data showed that compared with the controls, G-Rb1 could improve neurological function (Zea Longa (n = 367, P < 0.01); mNSS (n = 70, P < 0.01); Water maze test (n = 48, P < 0.01); Bederson (n = 16, P < 0.01)), infarct area (TTC (n = 211, P < 0.01); HE (n = 26, P < 0.01)), as well as blood-brain barrier function (BWC (n = 64, P < 0.01); Evans blue content (n=26, P < 0.05)). It also can increase BDNF (n = 26, P < 0.01), Gap-43 (n = 16, P < 0.01), SOD (n = 30, P < 0.01), GSH (n = 16, P < 0.01), Nissl-positive cells (n = 12, P < 0.01), Nestin-positive cells (n = 10, P < 0.05), and reduce Caspase-3 (n = 36, P < 0.01), IL-1 (n = 32, P < 0.01), TNF-α (n = 72, P < 0.01), MDA (n = 18, P < 0.01), NO (n = 44, P < 0.01), NOX (n = 32, P < 0.05), ROS (n = 6, P < 0.05), NF-κB (P < 0.05) and TUNEL-positive cells (n = 52, P < 0.01). Conclusion Available findings demonstrated the preclinical evidence that G-Rb1 has a potential neuroprotective effect, largely through attenuating brain water content, promoting the bioactivities of neurogenesis, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, energy supplement and cerebral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huan Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Hou W, Wang Y, Zheng P, Cui R. Effects of Ginseng on Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32265659 PMCID: PMC7099600 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), a famous traditional medicinal herb, has been widely used for many centuries. Numerous studies have shown that ginseng has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. In this review, we summarized the effects of ginseng in treating neurological diseases, particularly the anti-depressant effects of ginseng. Furthermore, its potential mechanism was also outlined. Therefore, this review may provide new insight into the treatment of ginseng on neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peihe Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Jin Y, Cui R, Zhao L, Fan J, Li B. Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12696. [PMID: 31599060 PMCID: PMC6869450 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Panax ginseng, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, plays a crucial role in modulating mood disorders. Several recent studies have identified an underlying role of Panax ginseng in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we summarized the recent progress of antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae. RESULTS The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its herbal formulae include modulating monoamine neurotransmitter system, upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, regulating the function of HPA axis, and anti-inflammatory action. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this review may provide theoretical bases and clinical applications for the treatment of depression by Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Cai L, He Q, Lu Y, Hu Y, Chen W, Wei L, Hu Y. Comorbidity of Pain and Depression in a Lumbar Disc Herniation Model: Biochemical Alterations and the Effects of Fluoxetine. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31616368 PMCID: PMC6768967 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary of Background Data: Depression is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with chronic low back pain. However, the mechanisms of depression in chronic low back pain patients and the effect of antidepressants on the comorbidity of pain and depression need to be further explored. The establishment of the appropriate animal models and of more effective therapies is critical for this comorbidity. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is the most common disease that causes low back pain. The current study examined whether an LDH model shows behavioral and biochemical alterations that are in accordance with the characteristics of the comorbidity of pain and depression and tested the effect of fluoxetine (FLX) on these measures. Objective: The current study examined whether an LDH model showed the behavioral and biochemical alterations that were in accordance with the characteristics of the comorbidity of pain and depression and tested the effect of FLX on these measures. Methods: The LDH animal model was generated by the implantation of the autologous nucleus pulposus on the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the dorsal root ganglion in Wistar rats. Pain intensity was evaluated by mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and changes in depressive behavior were examined by the taste preference and forced swim tests. Hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Results: LDH resulted in chronic pain, which further induced depressive behavior that persisted for 6 weeks after surgery. There were decreased 5-HT concentrations and upregulated TNF-α mRNA levels that were accompanied by behavioral changes. FLX treatment improved depressive behavior and moderately alleviated pain through increased 5-HT concentrations, and inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression. Conclusions: In summary, our studies provide initial evidence that the LDH chronic pain model might serve as a model of the comorbidity of low back pain and depression. The finding that FLX improved depressive behavior and pain through normalized 5-HT concentrations and TNF-α mRNA expression establishes the initial mechanism of the comorbidity of pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qianchao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjing Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Yuying Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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21
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Li Y, Zu Y, Li X, Zhao S, Ou F, Li L, Zhang X, Wang W, He T, Liang Y, Sun X, Tang M. Acute corticosterone treatment elicits antidepressant-like actions on the hippocampal 5-HT and the immobility phenotype. Brain Res 2019; 1714:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Jin Y, Sun LH, Yang W, Cui RJ, Xu SB. The Role of BDNF in the Neuroimmune Axis Regulation of Mood Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:515. [PMID: 31231295 PMCID: PMC6559010 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune system plays a crucial role in the regulation of mood disorders. Moreover, recent studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is a key regulator in the neuroimmune axis. However, the potential mechanism of BDNF action in the neuroimmune axis' regulation of mood disorders remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent progress of BDNF in influencing mood disorders, by participating in alterations of the neuroimmune axis. This may provide evidence for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Hua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Bai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Wang C, Lin H, Yang N, Wang H, Zhao Y, Li P, Liu J, Wang F. Effects of Platycodins Folium on Depression in Mice Based on a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Serum Assay and Hippocampus Metabolomics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091712. [PMID: 31052597 PMCID: PMC6540008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as depression, is a state characterized by low mood and aversion to activity. Platycodins Folium (PF) is the dried leaf of Platycodon grandiflorum, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Our previous research suggested that PF was rich in flavonoids, phenols, organic acids, triterpenoid saponins, coumarins and terpenoids. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of PF using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive mice. Several behavior tests (sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST)) and biochemical parameters (IL-6, TNF-α and SOD levels) were used to evaluate the antidepressive effect of PF on LPS-induced depression model. Furthermore, a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism of PF in attenuating depression. As a result, a total of 21 and 11 metabolites that potentially contribute to MDD progress and PF treatment were identified in serum and hippocampus, respectively. The analysis of metabolic pathways revealed that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism were disturbed in a model of mice undergoing MDD and PF treatment. These results help us to understand the pathogenesis of depression in depth, and to discover targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment. They also provide the possibility of developing PF into an anti-depressantive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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24
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Fluoxetine suppresses inflammatory reaction in microglia under OGD/R challenge via modulation of NF-κB signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181584. [PMID: 30944203 PMCID: PMC6487262 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in microglia (MG) and the mechanisms under oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). An OGD/R model on BV-2 cells was used for the study of microglia under ischemia/reperfusion injury in ischemic stroke. Lentiviral transfection was applied to knock down IκB-α. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of IκB-α protein. Western blotting was applied to analyze NF-κB-signaling related proteins and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used for assessing cell viability. Molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay were used for the detection of the interaction between IκB-α and fluoxetine. We found that fluoxetine decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in supernatant as well as NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R. Fluoxetine significantly increased the level of IκB-α through the inhibition of IκB-α ubiquitylation and promoted the bonding of IκB-α and fluoxetine in BV-2 cells under OGD/R. Knocking down IκB-α attenuated the decreasing effect of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R led to by fluoxetine. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine and its mechanisms related to the modulation of NF-κB-related signaling in MG under ischemia/reperfusion challenge.
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25
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Chen LX, Qi Z, Shao ZJ, Li SS, Qi YL, Gao K, Liu SX, Li Z, Sun YS, Li PY. Study on Antidepressant Activity of Pseudo-Ginsenoside HQ on Depression-Like Behavior in Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:E870. [PMID: 30823679 PMCID: PMC6429332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressive effects of ginsenoside Rh₂ (Rh₂), (24R)-pseudo-ginsenoside HQ (R-PHQ), and (24S)-pseudo-ginsenoside HQ (S-PHQ) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Pretreatment with Rh₂, R-PHQ, and S-PHQ significantly decreased immobility time in FST and TST with clear dose-dependence, and significantly downregulated levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and upregulated superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged mice. Furthermore, R-PHQ and S-PHQ significantly increased the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1), and nuclear-related factor 2, and inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged mice. Additionally, the antidepressant-like effect of R-PHQ was found related to the dopaminergic (DA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, and noradrenaline systems, while the antidepressive effect of S-PHQ was involved in the DA and GABAergic systems. Taken together, these results suggested that Rh₂, R-PHQ, and S-PHQ produced significant antidepressant-like effects, which may be related to the BDNF/TrkB and Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Chen
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zeng Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zi-Jun Shao
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Yu-Li Qi
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Song-Xin Liu
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ping-Ya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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26
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The Antineuroinflammatory Effect of Simvastatin on Lipopolysaccharide Activated Microglial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9691085. [PMID: 30524484 PMCID: PMC6247388 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9691085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells, upon hyperactivation, produce proinflammatory cytokines and other oxidative stress mediators causing neuroinflammation, which is associated with the progress of many neurodegenerative diseases. Suppressing the microglial activation has hence been used as an approach for treating such diseases. In this study, the antineuroinflammatory effect of simvastatin was examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated rat C6 glioma cells. The cell proliferation and cytotoxic effect of LPS and simvastatin on C6 glioma cells was evaluated by (MTT) assay. Neuroinflammation was induced in differentiated cell lines by treatment with 3.125 μg/mL of LPS for 12 h. Upon induction, the cell lines were treated with different concentrations (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM) of simvastatin and incubated in a humidified CO2 incubator for 24 to 48 h. The optimum concentrations of LPS and simvastatin were found to be 3.125 μg/mL and 25 μM, respectively, with a cell viability of more than 90% at 24 h postincubation. Furthermore, proinflammatory marker expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and showed a decrease in interferon-γ, interleukin 6, nuclear factor-κB p65, and tumor necrosis factor-α in simvastatin-treated and LPS-induced neuroinflammatory cells, and the mean fluorescent values were found to be 21.75 ± 0.76, 20.9 ± 1.90, 19.72 ± 1.29, and 16.82 ± 0.97, respectively, as compared to the untreated cells. Thus, we show that simvastatin has the potential to regulate the anti-inflammatory response in microglial cells upon LPS challenge. Hence, simvastatin can be employed as a potent anti-inflammatory drug against neuroinflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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27
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhu H, Li P, Liu J. Protective Effects of Sesquiterpenoids from the Root of Panax ginseng on Fulminant Liver Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7758-7763. [PMID: 29974747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that sesquiterpenoids from Panax ginseng (SPG) possess various pharmacological activities, for example, antidepressant, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective effects of SPG (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, i.g.) on fulminant liver injury induced by d-galactosamine (d-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and discuss its mechanisms of action. After 24 h of d-GalN (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and LPS (25 μg/kg, i.p.) exposure, the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level, hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and hepatic tissue histology were measured. Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sirtuin type 1 (Sirt 1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were determined by western blotting. The results indicated that SPG evidently restrained the increase of serum ALT and AST levels induced by d-GalN/LPS. SPG obviously downregulated TNF-α and IL-1β levels and their mRNA expression in liver. In addition, d-GalN/LPS injection induced severe oxidative stress in liver by boosting the MDA level as well as decreasing CAT, GSH, and SOD capacities, and SPG reversed these changes. Meanwhile, SPG inhibited NF-κB activation induced by d-GalN/LPS and upregulated Sirt 1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression levels. Therefore, SPG might protect against the fulminant liver injury induced by d-GalN/LPS via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. The protective effect of SPG on fulminant liver injury induced by d-GalN/LPS might be mediated by the Sirt 1/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. All of these results implied that SPG might be a promising food additive and therapeutic agent for fulminant liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology , Changchun Shuangyang District Hospital , Changchun , Jilin 130600 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Li
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pingya Li
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Han X, Song J, Lian LH, Yao YL, Shao DY, Fan Y, Hou LS, Wang G, Zheng S, Wu YL, Nan JX. Ginsenoside 25-OCH 3-PPD Promotes Activity of LXRs To Ameliorate P2X7R-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Development of Hepatic Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7023-7035. [PMID: 29929367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is widely used in energy drinks, dietary supplements, and herbal medicines, and its pharmacological actions are related with energy metabolism. As an important modulating energy metabolism pathway, liver X receptors (LXRs) can promote the resolving of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. The present study aims to evaluate the regulation of 25-OCH3-PPD, a ginsenoside isolated from Panax ginseng, against hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in thioacetamide (TAA)-stimulated mice by activating the LXRs pathway. 25-OCH3-PPD decreases serum ALT/AST levels and improves the histological pathology of liver in TAA-induced mice; attenuates transcripts of pro-fibrogenic markers associated with hepatic stellate cell activation; attenuates the levels of pro-Inflammatory cytokines and blocks apoptosis happened in liver; inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome by affecting P2X7R activation; and regulates PI3K/Akt and LKB1/AMPK-SIRT1. 25-OCH3-PPD also facilitates LX25Rs and FXR activities decreased by TAA stimulation. 25-OCH3-PPD also decreases α-SMA via regulation of LXRs and P2X7R-NLRP3 in vitro. Our data suggest the possibility that 25-OCH3-PPD promotes activity of LXRs to ameliorate P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - You-Li Yao
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Dan-Yang Shao
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Li-Shuang Hou
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Ge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of ChangBai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
- Clinical Research Center , Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
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29
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Sesquiterpenoids from the root of Panax Ginseng protect CCl 4 –induced acute liver injury by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capabilities in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:412-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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