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Wang Z, Du Y, Li J, Zheng W, Gong B, Jin X, Zhou X, Yang H, Yang F, Guo J, Liu H, Wang M, Yan L, Zhu Y, Li X, Xu J, Wang J, Ma Z. Changes in health-promoting metabolites associated with high-altitude adaptation in honey. Food Chem 2024; 449:139246. [PMID: 38604035 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The levels of metabolites in honey are influenced by floral origin, production region, and bee species. However, how environmental factors affect honey quality remains unclear. Based on untargeted metabolomics and using UPLC Q-Orbitrap MS, we analyzed 3596 metabolites in 51 honey samples from Yunnan and Shennongjia. Comparative analysis revealed that geniposidic acid, kynurenic acid and caffieine accumulated at significantly different levels between Shennongjia and Yunnan honey. Based on cluster structure analysis, 36 Yunnan honey samples were divided into two distinct groups by altitude. Notably, quercetin, hyperoside, taxifolin, rutin, tryptophan, astragalin and phenylalanine were higher levels in high-altitude honey (>1700 m), whereas abscisic acid was higher levels in low-altitude honey (≤1700 m). Among these, significantly elevated levels of hyperoside, taxfolin, astragalin, and tryptophan were observed in honey collected from high-altitude areas in Shennongjia. Our findings highlight the effect of altitude on honey health-promoting components, providing valuable insights into honey quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuxia Du
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Weikang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xiue Jin
- Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xianyan Zhou
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Hangxiu Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Subramanian V, Dhandayuthapani UN, Kandasamy S, Sivaprakasam JV, Balasubramaniam P, Shanmugam MK, Nagappan S, Elangovan S, Subramani UK, Palaniyappan K, Vellingiri G, Muthurajan R. Unravelling the metabolomic diversity of pigmented and non-pigmented traditional rice from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:402. [PMID: 38745317 PMCID: PMC11095017 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Rice metabolomics is widely used for biomarker research in the fields of pharmacology. As a consequence, characterization of the variations of the pigmented and non-pigmented traditional rice varieties of Tamil Nadu is crucial. These varieties possess fatty acids, sugars, terpenoids, plant sterols, phenols, carotenoids and other compounds that plays a major role in achieving sustainable development goal 2 (SDG 2). Gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to profile complete untargeted metabolomics of Kullkar (red colour) and Milagu Samba (white colour) for the first time and a total of 168 metabolites were identified. The metabolite profiles were subjected to data mining processes, including principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) and Heat map analysis. OPLS-DA identified 144 differential metabolites between the 2 rice groups, variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥ 1 and fold change (FC) ≥ 2 or FC ≤ 0.5. Volcano plot (64 down regulated, 80 up regulated) was used to illustrate the differential metabolites. OPLS-DA predictive model showed good fit (R2X = 0.687) and predictability (Q2 = 0.977). The pathway enrichment analysis revealed the presence of three distinct pathways that were enriched. These findings serve as a foundation for further investigation into the function and nutritional significance of both pigmented and non-pigmented rice grains thereby can achieve the SDG 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Subramanian
- Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Udhaya Nandhini Dhandayuthapani
- Centre of Excellence in sustaining Soil Health, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College & Research Institute, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620 027, India
| | - Senthilraja Kandasamy
- Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | | | - Prabha Balasubramaniam
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Mohan Kumar Shanmugam
- Agro-Climatic Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Sriram Nagappan
- Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | | | - Umesh Kanna Subramani
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Kumaresan Palaniyappan
- Agribusiness Development, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Geethalakshmi Vellingiri
- Agro-Climatic Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
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Li K, Zhang L, Yi D, Luo Y, Zheng C, Wu Y. Insights into the Volatile Flavor Profiles of Two Types of Beef Tallow via Electronic Nose and Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1489. [PMID: 38790789 PMCID: PMC11119226 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, an electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) were employed to investigate the volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) of intense flavor beef tallow (L) and ordinary beef tallow (P). The study results indicate that an E-nose combined with an LDA and GC-IMS combined with an OPLS-DA can effectively distinguish between the two types of beef tallow. Compared with ordinary beef tallow, the E-nose sensors of intense flavor beef tallow have stronger response signals to sulfides, terpenes, and nitrogen oxides. A total of 22 compounds contribute to making the flavor of intense flavor beef tallow more typical and richer; in contrast, ethyl acetate was the main aroma-active compound found in the ordinary beef tallow. Sulfur-containing compounds and terpenoids might be the key substances that cause sensory flavor differences between the two types of beef tallow. In conclusion, the results of this study clarify the characteristics and differences of the two types of beef tallow and provide an enhanced understanding of the differences in the flavors of the two types of beef tallow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
- Institute of Agriculture Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Science, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Liangyao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Danhui Yi
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yunxiao Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chao Zheng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yinglong Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.)
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Qiao M, Xiong H, Cai X, Jiang Y, Zhao X, Miao B. Evaluation of Loquat Jam Quality at Different Cooking Times Based on Physicochemical Parameters, GC-IMS and Intelligent Senses. Foods 2024; 13:340. [PMID: 38275707 PMCID: PMC10815106 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study compared and analyzed the quality of loquat jam with different cooking times through physicochemical parameters, headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration spectroscopy (HS-GC-IMS) and intelligent senses. The results showed that with the prolongation of the cooking time, the color of loquat jam slowly deepened, the energy significantly increased, the adhesiveness, gumminess, hardness and chewiness enhanced, the free amino acid content increased from 22.40 to 65.18 mg/g. The organic acid content increased from 1.64 to 9.82 mg/g. Forty-seven volatile flavor compounds were identified in five types of loquat jam using HS-GC-IMS, among which the relative content of aldehydes was sharply higher than that of other chemical substances, playing an important role in the flavor formation of loquat jam. LJ0, LJ1 and LJ2 had higher aldehyde content, followed by LJ3 and LJ4 had the lowest aldehyde content. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) screened 15 marker compounds that could distinguish five types of loquat jam. The E-nose results showed a significant difference in olfactory sense between loquat jam cooked for 100 and 120 min. The E-tongue results corroborated the results of free amino acids (FAAs) and organic acids, indicating that the gustatory sense of loquat jam changed significantly when the cooking time reached 120 min. The results provided a basis for further research on the relationship between the cooking process and quality characteristics of loquat jam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Qiao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (H.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Huan Xiong
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (H.X.); (X.C.)
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xuemei Cai
- Culinary Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (H.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Baohe Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.Q.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
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Zhou H, Hu Z, Liu Y, Xiong S. Flavor and sensory profile of Chinese traditional fish noodles produced by different silver carp ( hypophthalmichthys molitrix) mince ingredients. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100977. [PMID: 38144732 PMCID: PMC10740137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employs sensory evaluation, headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) techniques to investigate the effect of different pretreatment of fresh silver carp mince (running water rinsing 0, 1, or 2 times) and commercially frozen surimi on the odor characteristics of fish noodles. The free choice profiling (FCP) and check all that apply (CATA) sensory analysis methods were utilized to identify 10 characteristic descriptors, which include "grass, fish fragrance, unpleasant fishy, fatty, roast, ammonia, caramel, warmed-over, earthy, and mushroomy". HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS detected 80 and 37 volatile compounds (VCs) in fish noodles. The 1-Penten-3-ol, (E)-2-pentenal-D, hexanal-D, pentanal-D, (E,E)-2, 4-heptadienal-D contents were significantly correlated with "fish fragrance" and "unpleasant fishy", and octanal, nonanal, heptanal, 2-methylpyrazine contents were significantly correlated with "warmed-over" flavor. The results of this study can be helpful for fish noodle quality improvement and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Youming Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
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Liang D, Wen H, Zhou Y, Wang T, Jia G, Cui Z, Li A. Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of volatile components in Chinese honey of six botanical origins using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7631-7642. [PMID: 37433752 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey aroma is one of its most important properties and it depends on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds. The volatile profile of honey could reveal its botanical origin to avoid a false characterization. Thus, it is of great significance to honey authentication. This study developed and validated a headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of 34 volatile components in honey. The developed method was applied to 86 honey samples from six different botanical origins, including linden honey, rape honey, jujube honey, vitex honey, lavender honey and acacia honey. RESULTS The volatile fingerprints and quantitative results were simultaneously obtained by using the full scan and selected ion monitoring (SCAN+SIM) MS scanning mode. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) of 34 volatile compounds were in the ranges of 1-10 ng/g and 0.3-3 ng/g, respectively. And the spiked recoveries ranged between 70.6% and 126.2%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) not higher than 45.4%. A total of 98 volatile compounds were found with relative contents determined, and the 34 volatile compounds were determined with absolute concentrations. Based on the volatile fingerprints and the contents of volatile compounds, honey samples from six botanical origins were well classified by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis. CONCLUSIONS The HS-SPME-GC-MS method was successfully applied to achieve the volatile fingerprints of six types of honey and to quantitatively analyze 34 volatile compounds with satisfying sensitivity and accuracy. Chemometrics analysis showed significant correlations between honey types and volatiles. These results reveal the characteristics of volatile compounds in six types of unifloral honey and provide some supports for honey authentication. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshuang Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Haosong Wen
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhou
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Taohong Wang
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Guangqun Jia
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zongyan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Adan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Ma Y, Yin J, Wang J, Liu X, He J, Zhang R, Rao S, Cong X, Xiong Y, Wu M. Selenium speciation and volatile flavor compound profiles in the edible flowers, stems, and leaves of selenium-hyperaccumulating vegetable Cardamine violifolia. Food Chem 2023; 427:136710. [PMID: 37406448 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardamine violifolia is a unique selenium (Se)-hyperaccumulating vegetable in China. The total Se content and Se speciation of three edible parts, including flowers, stems, and leaves were detected by HPLC-ICP-MS. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) greatly impact food flavor. The VOCs of three samples were analyzed by E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that the total Se content in flowers was significantly higher than that in leaves and was the lowest in stems. Organic Se accounts for more than 98% of the total Se content, primarily selenocystine, followed by methyl selenocysteine. A total of 102 VOCs were identified from C. violifolia, mainly esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones. Flowers contained abundant VOCs, while stems and leaves contained fewer but similar profiles. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis was applied to investigate the VOC variations and marker VOCs. This work can provide useful knowledge for understanding the Se characteristics and flavor of C. violifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jinjing Yin
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingren He
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd., Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Muci Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Zhang XH, Gu HW, Liu RJ, Qing XD, Nie JF. A comprehensive review of the current trends and recent advancements on the authenticity of honey. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100850. [PMID: 37780275 PMCID: PMC10534224 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The authenticity of honey currently poses challenges to food quality control, thus requiring continuous modernization and improvement of related analytical methodologies. This review provides a comprehensively overview of honey authenticity challenges and related analytical methods. Firstly, direct and indirect methods of honey adulteration were described in detail, commenting the existing challenges in current detection methods and market supervision approaches. As an important part, the integrated metabolomic workflow involving sample processing procedures, instrumental analysis techniques, and chemometric tools in honey authenticity studies were discussed, with a focus on their advantages, disadvantages, and scopes. Among them, various improved microscale extraction methods, combined with hyphenated instrumental analysis techniques and chemometric data processing tools, have broad application potential in honey authenticity research. The future of honey authenticity determination will involve the use of simplified and portable methods, which will enable on-site rapid detection and transfer detection technologies from the laboratory to the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Hui-Wen Gu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ren-Jun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dark Tea and Jin-hua, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China
| | - Jin-Fang Nie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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9
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Jin W, Cai W, Zhao S, Gao R, Jiang P. Uncovering the differences in flavor volatiles of different colored foxtail millets based on gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry and chemometrics. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100585. [PMID: 37744553 PMCID: PMC10514424 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The differences of volatile organic compounds in commercially available foxtail millets with different colors (black, green, white and yellow) were assayed through gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry (GC-IMS) to explore their volatile flavor characteristics. Fifty-five volatile components were found in various colored foxtail millets, including 25 kinds of aldehydes (accounting for 39.19-48.69%), 10 ketones (25.36-32.37%), 15 alcohols (20.19-24.11%), 2 ethers (2.29-2.45%), 2 furans (1.49-2.95%) and 1 ester (0.27-0.39%). Aldehydes, alcohols and ketones were the chief volatiles in different colored foxtail millet, followed by furans, esters and ethers. These identified volatile flavor components in various colored foxtail millets obtained by GC-IMS could be well distinguished by principal components and cluster analysis. Meanwhile, a stable prediction model was fitted via partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), in which 17 kinds of differentially volatile components were screened out based on variable importance in projection (VIP>1). These findings might provide certain information for understanding the flavor traits of colored foxtail millets in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Jin
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
| | - Wenqiang Cai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Shibo Zhao
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
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10
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Carabetta S, Di Sanzo R, Fuda S, Muscolo A, Russo M. A Predictive Model to Correlate Amino Acids and Aromatic Compounds in Calabrian Honeys. Foods 2023; 12:3284. [PMID: 37685218 PMCID: PMC10486382 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the biochemistry of the organoleptic properties of honey influencing its commercial value, a predictive model for correlating amino acid profiles to aromatic compounds was built. Because the amino acid composition of different varieties of honey plays a key role as a precursor of specific aroma bouquets, it is necessary to relate the amino acid typesetting to aromatic molecules. A selection of unifloral honeys produced in Calabria, South Italy, were used, and a new methodology based on the use of HILIC-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with multivariate processing has been developed. This study, carried out for the first time on honey, shows its excellent potential as a modern analytical tool for a rapid multicomponent analysis of food-quality indicators. Data obtained showed strong positive linear correlations between aldehydes and isoleucine, valine, leucine, and phenylalanine. Furans are correlated with isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine; hydrocarbons with serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid; and ketones with serine, alanine, glutamine, histidine, asparagine, and lysine. Alcohols were more associated with tyrosine than esters with arginine. Proline, tryptophan, and threonine showed poor correlations with all the classes of aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Carabetta
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Authentication, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università, 25, Stecca 4, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.)
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Authentication, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università, 25, Stecca 4, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.)
| | - Salvatore Fuda
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Authentication, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università, 25, Stecca 4, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.)
| | - Adele Muscolo
- Department of Agriculture, Soil Chemistry and Soil Ecology Laboratory, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università, 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Authentication, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università, 25, Stecca 4, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.)
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11
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Jin W, Zhao S, Sun H, Pei J, Gao R, Jiang P. Characterization and discrimination of flavor volatiles of different colored wheat grains after cooking based on GC-IMS and chemometrics. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100583. [PMID: 37691695 PMCID: PMC10484957 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in flavor volatiles of three colored wheat grains (black, green, and yellow) after cooking were detected via gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry (GC-IMS) to explore corresponding volatile flavor traits. A total of 52 volatile chemicals were spotted among these cooked wheat grains, including 30 aldehydes (accounting for 73.86-83.78%), 11 ketones (9.53-16.98%), 3 alcohols (0.88-1.21%), 4 furans (4.82-7.44%), 2 esters (0.28-0.42%), and 2 pyrazines (0.18-0.32%). Aldehydes, ketones, and furans were the main volatile compounds in three different cooked wheat. For black-colored wheat, the relative contents of benzene acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl butanal, and 3-methyl butanal were much higher (p < 0.05). For green-colored wheat, the relative contents of nonanal, 2-pentyl furan, (E)-hept-2-enal, 2-butanone, and acetone were significantly higher (p < 0.05). For yellow-colored wheat, the relative amounts of heptanal, hexanal, and pentanal were much higher (p < 0.05). The overall volatile substances of the three cooked wheat grains might be classified by GC-IMS data coupled with principal component analysis and heatmap clustering analysis. A reliable forecast set was established through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and 22 differential volatile compounds were screened out based on variable importance in projection (VIP) being higher than 1.0, as flavor markers for distinguishing the three cooked wheat grains. These results suggest that GC-IMS could be used for characterizing the flavor volatiles of different colored wheat, and the findings could contribute certain information for understand the aroma traits in different colored cooked wheat and related products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Jin
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environament (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Shibo Zhao
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environament (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environament (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environament (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environament (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, 116034, China
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12
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Martín-Gómez A, Rodríguez-Hernández P, Cardador MJ, Vega-Márquez B, Rodríguez-Estévez V, Arce L. Guidelines to build PLS-DA chemometric classification models using a GC-IMS method: Dry-cured ham as a case of study. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Cheng N, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Liu C, He L, Ma T, Li Y, Cao W. Identification of Volatile Markers during Early Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Contamination in Mature and Immature Jujube Honey. Foods 2023; 12:2730. [PMID: 37509822 PMCID: PMC10379421 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osmotolerant yeasts are considered one of the major contaminants responsible for spoilage in honey. To address the signature volatile components of jujube honey contaminated by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and chemometrics analyses were used to analyze the variation of volatile substances during early contamination of mature and immature jujube honey. Undecanal, methyl butyrate, methyl 2-nonenoate, methyl hexanoate, and 2-methyl-3-pentanone were identified as signature volatiles of jujube honey contaminated with Z. rouxii. In addition, methyl heptanoate, 2,6,10-trimethyltetradecane, and heptanal were identified as potential volatile signatures for immature jujube honey. The R2 and Q2 of OPLS-DA analyses ranged from 0.736 to 0.955, and 0.991 to 0.997, which indicates that the constructed model was stable and predictive. This study has demonstrated that HS-SPME-GC-MS could be used to distinguish Z. rouxii-contaminated jujube honey from uncontaminated honey based on variation in VOCs, and could provide theoretical support for the use of HS-SPME-GC-MS for the rapid detection of honey decomposition caused by Z. rouxii, which could improve nutritional quality and reduce economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haoan Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Cailing Liu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianchen Ma
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yankang Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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14
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Tian H, Xiong J, Chen S, Yu H, Chen C, Huang J, Yuan H, Lou X. Rapid identification of adulteration in raw bovine milk with soymilk by electronic nose and headspace-gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100696. [PMID: 37187488 PMCID: PMC10176159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adulteration of soymilk (SM) into raw bovine milk (RM) to gain profit without declaration could cause a health risk. In this study, electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace-gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) were applied to establish a rapid and effective method to identify adulteration in RM with SM. The obtained data from HS-GC-IMS and E-nose can distinguish the adulterated samples with SM by principal component analysis. Furthermore, a quantitative model of partial least squares was established. The detection limits of E-nose and HS-GC-IMS quantitative models were 1.53% and 1.43%, the root mean square errors of prediction were 0.7390 and 0.5621, the determination coefficients of prediction were 0.9940 and 0.9958, and the relative percentage difference were 10.02 and 13.27, respectively, indicating quantitative regression and good prediction performances of SM adulteration levels in RM were achieved. This research can provide scientific information on the rapid, non-destructive and effective adulteration detection for RM.
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15
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Rong Y, Xie J, Yuan H, Wang L, Liu F, Deng Y, Jiang Y, Yang Y. Characterization of volatile metabolites in Pu-erh teas with different storage years by combining GC-E-Nose, GC-MS, and GC-IMS. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100693. [PMID: 37397226 PMCID: PMC10314134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage time is one of the important factors affecting the aroma quality of Pu-erh tea. In this study, the dynamic changes of volatile profiles of Pu-erh teas stored for different years were investigated by combining gas chromatography electronic nose (GC-E-Nose), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). GC-E-Nose combined with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) realized the rapid discrimination of Pu-erh tea with different storage time (R2Y = 0.992, Q2 = 0.968). There were 43 and 91 volatile compounds identified by GC-MS and GC-IMS, respectively. A satisfactory discrimination (R2Y = 0.991, and Q2 = 0.966) was achieved by using PLS-DA based on the volatile fingerprints of GC-IMS. Moreover, according to the multivariate analysis of VIP > 1.2 and univariate analysis of p < 0.05, 9 volatile components such as linalool and (E)-2-hexenal were selected as key variables to distinguish Pu-erh teas with different storage years. The results provide theoretical support for the quality control of Pu-erh tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Rong
- Yunnan Shuangjiang Mengku Tea Co., Ltd., Lincang 677000, China
| | - Jialing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fuqiao Liu
- Yunnan Shuangjiang Mengku Tea Co., Ltd., Lincang 677000, China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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16
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Mohamadzade Namin S, Ghosh S, Jung C. Honey Quality Control: Review of Methodologies for Determining Entomological Origin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104232. [PMID: 37241972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a widely consumed natural product, and its entomological origin can significantly influence its market value. Therefore, traceability of the entomological origin of honey should also be considered in honey quality control protocols. Although several methods exist, such as physicochemical characterization and bioactivity profiling of honey of different entomological origins, the most promising three methods for entomological authentication of honey include protein-based identification, chemical profiling, and a DNA-based method. All of these methods can be applied for reliable identification of the entomological origin of honey. However, as the honey is a complex matrix, the inconsistency of the results obtained by these methods is a pragmatic challenge, and therefore, the use of each method in all the cases is questionable. Most of these methodologies can be used for authentication of newly harvested honey and it is worth understanding the possibility of using these methods for authentication of relatively old samples. Most probably, using DNA-based methods targeting small fragments of DNA can provide the best result in old samples, however, the species-specific primers targeting short fragments are limited and not available for all species. Therefore, using universal primers in combination with a DNA metabarcoding approach can be a good solution that requires further investigation. This present article describes the applications of different methods, their pros, and their cons to identify honey based on entomological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohamadzade Namin
- Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Sampat Ghosh
- Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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17
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Wang M, Li X, Ding H, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang F, Chen L. Comparison of the volatile organic compounds in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' peel with different drying methods using E-nose, GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1169321. [PMID: 37265640 PMCID: PMC10231685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1169321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' peel (CRCP), which is named "Guangchenpi" in China, is a geographical indication product with unique flavor properties. CRCP has been used for centuries as a traditional genuine herb because of its excellent therapeutic effects. In addition, owing to its unique odor and high nutrition, it is widely used in various food preparations. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are regarded as an important quality marker for CRCP and are highly susceptible to effects in the drying process due to their thermal instability. Methods In the current study, the main VOCs in CRCP were processed using different drying methods, including sun-drying, hot air drying, and vacuum-freeze drying. The VOCs were identified by the electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Results The results showed that the CRCP dried by vacuum-freeze exhibited the highest VOCs contents and retained the richest compounds compared to those dried by other methods, which indicated that vacuum-freeze drying is the most suitable for CRCP production. Furthermore, the chemometrics analysis revealed that the primary differential metabolites of the samples generated using different drying methods were terpenes and esters. Discussion Overall, our study would help better understand the VOCs present in CRCP with different drying methods. The outcomes of the current study would guide the drying and processing of CRCP, which is beneficial for large-scale storage and industrial production of CRCP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fu Wang
- *Correspondence: Fu Wang, ; Lin Chen,
| | - Lin Chen
- *Correspondence: Fu Wang, ; Lin Chen,
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18
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Cui C, Xia M, Chen J, Shi B, Peng C, Cai H, Jin L, Hou R. 1H NMR-based metabolomics combined with chemometrics to detect edible oil adulteration in huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.). Food Chem 2023; 423:136305. [PMID: 37178597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Huajiao is a highly valued spice that is susceptible to fraudulent adulteration, particularly the addition of edible oils to increase weight and improve color. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and chemometrics were used to analyze 120 huajiao samples adulterated with different types and levels of edible oils. Using untargeted data and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the discrimination rate between types of adulteration reached 100% accuracy, and the R2 value of the prediction set for the level of adulteration using the targeted analysis dataset combined with PLS-regression methods reached 0.99. Triacylglycerols, major components of edible oils, were identified as a marker of adulteration through the variable importance in projection of the PLS-regression. A quantitative method based on the sn-3 triacylglycerol signal was developed that can achieve a detection limit of 0.11%. Testing of 28 market samples showed adulteration with various edible oils, with adulteration rates ranging from 0.96% to 4.41%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingyue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | | | - Biwen Shi
- Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Long Jin
- Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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19
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Liu X, Sun J, Ji P, Yang C, Wu F, Cheng N, El-Seedi HR, Zhao H, Cao W. Hydroxy Fatty Acids as Novel Markers for Authenticity Identification of the Honey Entomological Origin Based on the GC-MS Method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7163-7173. [PMID: 37096970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The authenticity of honey is generally a worldwide concern, and there is a pressing need to establish a suitable entomological method to identify the authenticity of Apis cerana cerana (A. cerana) and Apis mellifera ligustica (A. mellifera) honey. Hydroxy fatty acids as bee-derived components are known to widely exist in honey and other biosamples. Herein, we present an identification strategy for hydroxy fatty acids based on the relative quantification with reference to royal jelly and targeted quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the honey entomological origin. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to further determine differential hydroxy fatty acids between A. cerana honey and A. mellifera honey. Results showed that 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (96.20-253.34 versus 0-32.46 mg kg-1) and 3,10-dihydroxydecanoic acid (1.96-6.56 versus 0-0.35 mg kg-1) could be used as markers for accurate identification of the honey entomological origin, while the three fraud honey samples were recognized using this method. This study provides the novel marker hydroxy fatty acids to identify A. cerana honey and A. mellifera honey from the perspective of bee-derived component differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peirong Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fanhua Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ni Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
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20
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The detection of goat milk adulteration with cow milk using a combination of voltammetric fingerprints and chemometrics analysis. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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21
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Xie J, Li X, Li W, Ding H, Yin J, Bie S, Li F, Tian C, Han L, Yang W, Song X, Yu H, Li Z. Characterization of the key volatile organic components of different parts of fresh and dried Perilla frutescens based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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22
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Variation of Aroma Components of Pasteurized Yogurt with Different Process Combination before and after Aging by DHS/GC-O-MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041975. [PMID: 36838962 PMCID: PMC9959120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurized yogurt is a healthy yogurt that can be stored in ambient temperature conditions. Dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) combined with gas chromatography-olfactory mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), sensory evaluation, electronic nose (E-nose), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to analyze the flavor changes of pasteurized yogurt with different process combinations before and after aging. The results of odor profiles showed that the sensory descriptors of fermented, sweet, and sour were greatly affected by different process combinations. The results of odor-active compounds and relative odor activity value (r-OAV) showed that the combination of the production process affected the overall odor profile of pasteurized yogurt, which was consistent with the sensory evaluation results. A total of 15 odor-active compounds of 38 volatile compounds were detected in pasteurized yogurt samples. r-OAV results revealed that hexanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-heptanone, and butanoic acid may be important odor-active compounds responsible for off-odor in aged, pasteurized yogurt samples. PLS-DA and variable importance of projection (VIP) results showed that butanoic acid, hexanal, acetoin, decanoic acid, 1-pentanol, 1-nonanal, and hexanoic acid were differential compounds that distinguish pasteurized yogurt before and after aging.
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23
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A comprehensive overview of emerging techniques and chemometrics for authenticity and traceability of animal-derived food. Food Chem 2023; 402:134216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Evaluation of Dynamic Changes and Regularity of Volatile Flavor Compounds for Different Green Plum ( Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) Varieties during the Ripening Process by HS-GC-IMS with PLS-DA. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030551. [PMID: 36766079 PMCID: PMC9913901 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and partial-least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were adopted to analyze the rule of change in flavor substances for different varieties of green plums at different levels of maturity (S1-immature, S2-commercially mature, and S3-fully mature). The results showed that 68 kinds of volatile flavor substances were identified in all green plum samples. The types and contents of such volatile substances experienced a V-shaped trend with an increasing degree of green plum maturity. During the S1 and S2 stages, aldehydes, ketones, and a small amount of alcohols were the main volatile flavor substances in the green plum samples. During the S3 stage, esters and alcohols were the most important volatile flavor components in the green plum pulp samples, followed by terpenes and ketones. YS had the most types and highest contents of volatile flavor substances in three stages, followed by GC and DZ. By using the PLS-DA method, this study revealed the differences in flavor of the different varieties of green plums at different maturity stages, and it identified eight common characteristic volatile flavor substances, such as ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 2-propanone, produced by the different green plum samples during the ripening process, as well as the characteristic flavor substances of green plums at each maturity stage (S1-S3).
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Manousi N, Kalogiouri N, Ferracane A, Zachariadis GA, Samanidou VF, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L, Rosenberg E. Solid-phase microextraction Arrow combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the elucidation of the volatile composition of honey samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2547-2560. [PMID: 36629895 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow method combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) was developed for the elucidation of the volatile composition of honey samples. The sample preparation protocol was optimized to ensure high extraction efficiency of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are directly associated with the organoleptic properties of honey and its acceptance by the consumers. Following its optimization, SPME Arrow was compared to conventional SPME in terms of sensitivity, precision, and number of extracted VOCs. The utilization of SPME Arrow fibers enabled the determination of 203, 147, and 149 compounds in honeydew honey, flower honey, and pine honey, respectively, while a significantly lower number of compounds (124, 94, and 111 for honeydew honey, flower honey, and pine honey, respectively) was determined using conventional SPME. At the same time, the utilization of SPME Arrow resulted in enhanced sensitivity and precision. All things considered, SPME Arrow and GC × GC-MS can be considered as highly suitable for the elucidation of the volatile composition of complex food samples resulting in high sensitivity and separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natasa Kalogiouri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Ferracane
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - George A Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peter Q Tranchida
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Liu Q, Komatsu K, Toume K, Zhu S, Tanaka K, Hayashi S, Anjiki N, Kawahara N, Takano A, Miyake K, Nakamura N, Sukrong S, Agil M, Balachandra I. Essential oil composition of Curcuma species and drugs from Asia analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Nat Med 2023; 77:152-172. [PMID: 36443621 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) comprised of various bioactive compounds have been widely detected in the Curcuma species. Due to the widespread distribution and misidentification of Curcuma species and differences in processing methods, inconsistent reports on major compounds in rhizomes of the same species from different geographical regions are not uncommon. This inconsistency leads to confusion and inaccuracy in compound detection of each species and also hinders comparative study based on EO compositions. The present study aimed to characterize EO compositions of 12 Curcuma species, as well as to detect the compositional variation among different species, and between the plant specimens and their related genetically validated crude drug samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The plant specimens of the same species showed similar EO patterns, regardless of introducing from different geographical sources. Based on the similarity of EO compositions, all the specimens and samples were separated into eight main groups: C. longa; C. phaeocaulis, C. aeruginosa and C. zedoaria; C. zanthorrhiza; C. aromatica and C. wenyujin; C. kwangsiensis; C. amada and C. mangga; C. petiolata; C. comosa. From EOs of all the specimens and samples, 54 major compounds were identified, and the eight groups were chemically characterized. Most of the major compounds detected in plant specimens were also observed in crude drug samples, although a few compounds converted or degraded due to processing procedures or over time. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis allowed the marker compounds to discriminate each group or each species to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qundong Liu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hayashi
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 17007-2 Nakatane-cho, Kumage-Gun, Kagoshima, 891-3604, Japan
| | - Naoko Anjiki
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 17007-2 Nakatane-cho, Kumage-Gun, Kagoshima, 891-3604, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 17007-2 Nakatane-cho, Kumage-Gun, Kagoshima, 891-3604, Japan
| | - Akihito Takano
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machidashi, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Katsunori Miyake
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Nakamura
- Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd, Wang Mai, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mangestuti Agil
- Airlangga University, Jl. Airlangga No.4 - 6, Airlangga, Kec. Gubeng, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Indira Balachandra
- Center for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram District, Kerala, 676503, India
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27
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Recent advances in Chinese food authentication and origin verification using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 398:133896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Arroyo-Manzanares N, García-Nicolás M, Zafra-Navarro F, Campillo N, Viñas P. A non-targeted metabolomic strategy for characterization of the botanical origin of honey samples using headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:5047-5055. [PMID: 36448511 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, characterization of the botanical origin of honey was carried out using headspace gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). The proposed methodology was applied for the analysis of 89 samples from ten different botanical origins. A total of 15 volatile compounds could be identified, namely, 3-methyl-1-butanol, heptanal, valeraldehyde, octanal, trans-2-hexenal, nonanal, hexanal, benzaldehyde, 2-heptanone, 2-butanone, 2-hexanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-pentanone, ethyl acetate and linalool. The analytical method was characterized in terms of limits of detection and quantification, and precision, in order to quantify the identified compounds. Compounds were quantified using the sum of the protonated monomer and proton-bound dimer and logarithmic regression (R2 > 0.98), although the establishment of a concentration threshold that would allow creation of classification rules was not possible since there was variability within the group. Consequently, the establishment of chemometric models was necessary. A non-targeted strategy using 275 features is proposed. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed the differentiation of five botanical origins: thousand flowers, rosemary, albaida, orange blossom, and "others" (rest of the investigated botanical origins, since a limited number of samples was available). A success validation rate of 100% allowed the classification of 14 honeys with unknown botanical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María García-Nicolás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Zafra-Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071, Murcia, Spain.
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Fang ZY, Li GZ, Gu Y, Wen C, Ye H, Ma JL, Liang ZY, Yang L, Wu JW, Chen HY. Flavour analysis of different varieties of camellia seed oil and the effect of the refining process on flavour substances. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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GC-IMS-Based Preliminary Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Ejiao at Different Processing Stages. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3961593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find out the changes of flavor substances in the processing of Colla corii asini (Ejiao) and provide reference for the flavor and quality control in the production of Ejiao, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to analyze the Ejiao products in different processing stages and establish the fingerprint. The differences among these stages were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis, and the mechanism underlying volatile flavor compound formation was explored by discriminant analysis of Ejiao at different processing stages. The results indicated that Ejiao contains 47 volatile flavor compounds at different processing stages; they mainly include aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, dimethyl disulfide, thiazole, and pyrazines. During Ejiao processing, the formation of these substances is mainly attributable to the Maillard reaction, amino acid or protein-oxidized lipid interaction, lipid oxidation and degradation, and long-chain compound degradation during heating. Principal component analysis results showed that volatile flavor compounds could be used to distinguish different Ejiao processing stages. The current results provide some reference for flavor and quality control of Ejiao products.
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31
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Schanzmann H, Augustini ALRM, Sanders D, Dahlheimer M, Wigger M, Zech PM, Sielemann S. Differentiation of Monofloral Honey Using Volatile Organic Compounds by HS-GCxIMS. Molecules 2022; 27:7554. [PMID: 36364381 PMCID: PMC9658347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural product and can be described by its botanical origin, determined by the plants from which the bees collect nectar. It significantly influences the taste of honey and is often used as a quality criterion. Unfortunately, this opens up the possibility of food fraud. Currently, various methods are used to check the authenticity of monofloral honey. The laborious, manual melissopalynology is considered an essential tool in the verification process. In this work, the volatile organic compounds obtained from the headspace of honey are used to prove their authenticity. The headspace of 58 honey samples was analyzed using a commercial easy-to-use gas chromatography-coupled ion mobility spectrometer with a headspace sampler (HS-GCxIMS). The honey samples were successfully differentiated by their six different botanical origins using specific markers with principal component analysis in combination with linear discriminant analysis. In addition, 15 honey-typical compounds were identified using measurements of reference compounds. Taking a previously published strategy, retention times of marker compounds were correlated with GC-coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements to assist in the identification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schanzmann
- Laboratory of Applied Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59063 Hamm, Germany
| | - Alexander L. R. M. Augustini
- Laboratory of Applied Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59063 Hamm, Germany
| | - Daniel Sanders
- G.A.S. Gesellschaft Für Analytische Sensorsysteme mbH, BioMedizinZentrum, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Moritz Dahlheimer
- Laboratory of Applied Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59063 Hamm, Germany
| | - Modestus Wigger
- Laboratory of Applied Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59063 Hamm, Germany
| | - Philipp-Marius Zech
- Dezernat 330 Für Lebensmittel II, Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 32758 Detmold, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sielemann
- Laboratory of Applied Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59063 Hamm, Germany
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32
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Wu D, Xia Q, Cheng H, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ye X. Changes of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Sea Buckthorn Juice during Fermentation Based on Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:3471. [PMID: 36360085 PMCID: PMC9655934 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea buckthorn is rich in polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activities. However, it is very sour, and its odor is slightly unpleasant, so it requires flavor improvement. Fermentation is one potential method. Sea buckthorn juice was fermented at 37 °C for 72 h and then post-fermented at 4 °C for 10 days. The flavor-related properties of the sea buckthorn juice were evaluated during fermentation, including the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), color, sensory evaluation, and volatile flavors. The sea buckthorn fermented juice had a low pH. The total soluble solids decreased from 10.60 ± 0.10% to 5.60 ± 0.12%. The total color change was not more than 20%. Fermentation increased the sweet odor of the sea buckthorn juice, but the fruity flavor decreased and the bitter flavor increased. A total of 33 volatile flavors were identified by headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), including 24 esters, 4 alcohols, 4 terpenes, and 1 ketone. Their total relative contents were 79.63-81.67%, 10.04-11.76%, 1.56-1.22%, and 0.25-0.55%, respectively. The differences in the characteristic volatile molecular species of the sea buckthorn juice at different fermentation stages could be visually discerned using fingerprint maps. Through principal component analysis (PCA), the total flavor difference of the sea buckthorn juice at different fermentation stages could be effectively distinguished into three groups: the samples fermented for 0 h and 12 h were in one group, the samples fermented for 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, and 72 h were in another group, and the samples fermented for 24 h were in another group. It is suggested that sea buckthorn juice be fermented for 36 h to improve its flavor. GC-IMS and PCA are effective methods of identifying and distinguishing the flavor characteristics of sea buckthorn juice. The above results can provide a theoretical basis for studying the changes in sea buckthorn's characteristics as a result of fermentation, particularly with regard to its flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qile Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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33
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Song Y, Guo T, Liu S, Gao Y, Wang Y. Identification of Polygonati Rhizoma in three species and from different producing areas of each species using HS-GC-IMS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Guo X, Liang Y, Yi S, Qiu S, Liu M, Ning F, Luo L. Honeycomb, a New Food Resource with Health Care Functions: The Difference of Volatile Compounds found in Apis cerana and A. mellifera Honeycombs. Foods 2022; 11:3204. [PMCID: PMC9601661 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeycomb composition is very complex, containing honey, royal jelly, pollen, and propolis, and thus contains a large number of bioactive ingredients, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. In recent years, honeycomb as a new functional food resource has been favored by many bee product companies, but the basic research on honeycomb is lacking. The aim of this study is to reveal the chemical differences between A. cerana honeycombs (ACC) and A. mellifera honeycombs (AMC). In this paper, we studied the volatile organic components (VOCs) of ACC and AMC by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). A total of 114 VOCs were identified in 10 honeycombs. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the chemical composition of ACC and AMC were different. Additionally, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that benzaldehyde, octanal, limonene, ocimene, linalool, α-terpineol, and decanal are the significant VOCs in AMC extracts, which are mainly derived from propolis. OPLS-DA model also identified 2-phenylethanol, phenethyl acetate, isophorone, 4-oxoisophorone, betula, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl palmitate, and dihydrooxophorone as potential discriminatory markers of ACC, which likely contribute to protecting the hive against microorganisms and keep it clean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yanlang Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shengxiang Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shengrong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fangjian Ning
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (L.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-010-68984003 (F.N.); +86-0791-83969519 (L.L.)
| | - Liping Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (L.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-010-68984003 (F.N.); +86-0791-83969519 (L.L.)
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35
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Liang D, Hu C, Choupani Chaydarreh K, Liu X, Ye Y, Wei Y, Zhang W, Guan L, Gu J, Lin X. Volatile components analysis of Camellia oleifera shells and related products based on HS-SPME-GC-MS. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Review of contemporary chemometric strategies applied on preparing GC–MS data in forensic analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Relationship between the Grade and the Characteristic Flavor of PCT (Panyong Congou Black Tea). Foods 2022; 11:foods11182815. [PMID: 36140943 PMCID: PMC9497606 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panyong Congou black tea (PCT) is one of the most representative and historically famous Congou black teas in China and has been gaining more and more attention for its beneficial health properties. Currently, four grades of PCT are available, based on the raw leaf materials and consumer palatability. The chemical profiles distinguishing different grades of PCT are yet to be defined, nor has the relationship with grade been evaluated. In the present study, chemometric analysis showed that epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), polyphenols, gallic acid (GA), and free amino acids are grade related bio-markers of PCT. These compounds are associated with the sweet and mellow aftertaste of PCT. A total of 34 volatile components were identified, of which the three component types with the highest relative percentages were alcohols (51.34–52.51%), ketones (27.31–30.28%), and aldehydes (12.70–13.18%). Additionally, our results revealed that sweet floral and fruity aromas were positively correlated with six volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 1-pentanol, propyl hexanoate, linalool, cyclohexanone, hexanal, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. Clear discrimination was achieved using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The findings provide vital information on the characteristic flavor of each grade of PCT.
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38
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Xuan X, Sun R, Zhang X, Cui Y, Lin X, Sun Y, Deng W, Liao X, Ling J. Novel application of HS-GC-IMS with PCA for characteristic fingerprints and flavor compound variations in NFC Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) juice during storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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39
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Chen H, Pan D, Du H, Ma J, Kong B, Diao J. Flavor Differences of Edible Parts of Grass Carp between Jingpo Lake and Commercial Market. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172594. [PMID: 36076779 PMCID: PMC9455230 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the flavor differences among three individual parts (abdomen, back, and tail) of Jingpo Lake grass carp (JPGC) and commercial grass carp (CGC). The growing environment and fish parts influenced the volatile compounds of the fish. The highest total contents of alcohols and ethers were found in the back of JPGC (p < 0.05). The combination of an electronic tongue and electronic nose (E-nose) could effectively distinguish the flavor differences between the different parts of JPGC and CGC by principal component analysis. Both the content of total free amino acids (FAAs) and content of amino acids contributing to the sweet and fresh flavors were higher in JPGC than CGC (p < 0.05). Among the ATP-associated products, the inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP) contents of the back and tail of JPGC were higher (p < 0.05), but the abdomen content was lower (p > 0.05) than the respective contents in the corresponding parts of CGC. Sensory evaluation shows that JPGC had a better texture, odor, and taste, compared to CGC. Correlation analysis showed that the E-nose data and FAAs were highly correlated with the content of alcohols, aldehydes, and ethers. This study showed that the flavors of the different parts of JPGC differed significantly from those of CGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Chen
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- China-Canada Cooperation Agri-Food Research Center of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Deyin Pan
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongzhen Du
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinming Ma
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Diao
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence:
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40
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García-Seval V, Martínez-Alfaro C, Saurina J, Núñez O, Sentellas S. Characterization, Classification and Authentication of Spanish Blossom and Honeydew Honeys by Non-Targeted HPLC-UV and Off-Line SPE HPLC-UV Polyphenolic Fingerprinting Strategies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152345. [PMID: 35954111 PMCID: PMC9368295 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a highly consumed natural product produced by bees which is susceptible to fraudulent practices, some of them regarding its botanical origin. Two HPLC-UV non-targeted fingerprinting approaches were evaluated in this work to address honey characterization, classification, and authentication based on honey botanical variety. The first method used no sample treatment and a universal reversed-phase chromatographic separation. On the contrary, the second method was based on an off-line SPE preconcentration method, optimized for the isolation and extraction of polyphenolic compounds, and a reversed-phase chromatographic separation optimized for polyphenols as well. For the off-line SPE method, the use of HLB (3 mL, 60 mg) cartridges, and 6 mL of methanol as eluent, allowed to achieve acceptable recoveries for the selected polyphenols. The obtained HPLC-UV fingerprints were subjected to an exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) and a classificatory partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to evaluate their viability as sample chemical descriptors for authentication purposes. Both HPLC-UV fingerprints resulted to be appropriate to discriminate between blossom honeys and honeydew honeys. However, a superior performance was accomplished with off-line SPE HPLC-UV polyphenolic fingerprints, being able to differentiate among the different blossom honey samples under the study (orange/lemon blossom, rosemary, thyme, eucalyptus, and heather). In general, this work demonstrated the feasibility of HPLC-UV fingerprints, especially those obtained after off-line SPE polyphenolic isolation and extraction, to be employed as honey chemical descriptors to address the characterization and classification of honey samples according to their botanical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Seval
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Martínez-Alfaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Recinte Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici de Recerca (Gaudí), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Núñez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Recinte Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici de Recerca (Gaudí), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sònia Sentellas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Recinte Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici de Recerca (Gaudí), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Generalitat de Catalunya, Rambla de Catalunya 19-21, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Xiao N, Xu H, Jiang X, Sun T, Luo Y, Shi W. Evaluation of aroma characteristics in grass carp mince as affected by different washing processes using an E-nose, HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-GC-IMS, and sensory analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Luo N, Liu L, Yuan X, Jin Y, Zhao G, Wen J, Cui H. A Comparison of Different Tissues Identifies the Main Precursors of Volatile Substances in Chicken Meat. Front Physiol 2022; 13:927618. [PMID: 35874543 PMCID: PMC9301024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.927618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids and fatty acids are the main precursors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in meat. The purpose of this study was to determine the main VOC components in chicken breast muscle (BM) and abdominal fat (AF) tissue, as well as the source of VOCs, to provide a basis for quality improvement of broilers. BM and AF served as experimental and control groups, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics were employed to identify the source of VOCs. The results revealed nine VOCs in BM and AF tissues, including hexanal, octanal, and nonanal. VOCs including 1-octen-3-ol, (E,E)-2, 4-nonadienal, and benzaldehyde were significantly elevated in BM compared with AF (p < 0.05), while heptane and diethyl disulphide showed the opposite trend (p < 0.05). Levels of hexanal, heptanal, and octanal were similar in the two tissues. Metabolites of VOCs in chicken BM were investigated by weighted co-expression network analysis. However, only blue module in BM tissue was positively correlated with hexanal (r = 0.66, p = 0.01), heptanal (r = 0.67, p = 0.008), and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal (r = 0.88, p = 3E-05). L-tyrosine, L-asparagine, adenosine, and valine were the main precursors of (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal and heptanal in BM tissue. Amino acids are the main precursors of 1-octen-3-ol, (E,E)-2, 4-nonadienal, and heptanal in chicken meat, while fatty acids are the main precursors of diethyl disulfide. However, hexanal can be synthesized from amino acids and small amounts of fatty acids as precursors. These findings expand our understanding of VOCs in chicken.
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43
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Wang H, Feng X, Suo H, Yuan X, Zhou S, Ren H, Jiang Y, Kan J. Comparison of the performance of the same panel with different training levels: Flash profile versus descriptive analysis. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Honrado M, Lopes AR, Alice Pinto M, Amaral JS. A novel real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting analysis as a simple and fast tool for the entomological authentication of honey by targeting Apis mellifera mitochondrial DNA. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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45
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Qian L, Jin H, Yang Q, Zhu L, Yu X, Fu X, Zhao M, Yuan F. A Sequence Variation in GmBADH2 Enhances Soybean Aroma and Is a Functional Marker for Improving Soybean Flavor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4116. [PMID: 35456933 PMCID: PMC9030070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plant is commonly consumed in Southeast Asian countries because of its nutritional value and desirable taste. A "pandan-like" aroma is an important value-added quality trait that is rarely found in commercial vegetable soybean varieties. In this study, three novel aromatic soybean cultivars with a fragrant volatile compound were isolated. We confirmed that the aroma of these cultivars is due to the potent volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) that was previously identified in soybean. A sequence comparison of GmBADH1/2 (encoding an aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase) between aromatic and non-aromatic soybean varieties revealed a mutation with 10 SNPs and an 11-nucleotide deletion in exon 1 of GmBADH2 in Quxian No. 1 and Xiangdou. Additionally, a 2-bp deletion was detected in exon 10 of GmBADH2 in ZK1754. The mutations resulted in a frame shift and the introduction of premature stop codons. Moreover, genetic analyses indicated that the aromatic trait in these three varieties was inherited according to a single recessive gene model. These results suggested that a mutated GmBADH2 may be responsible for the aroma of these three aromatic soybean cultivars. The expression and function of GmBADH2 in aromatic soybean seeds were confirmed by qRT-PCR and CRISPR/Cas9. A functional marker developed on the basis of the mutated GmBADH2 sequence in Quxian No. 1 and Xiangdou was validated in an F2 population. A perfect association between the marker genotypes and aroma phenotypes implied that GmBADH2 is a major aroma-conferring gene. The results of this study are potentially useful for an in-depth analysis of the molecular basis of 2-AP formation in soybean and the marker-assisted breeding of aromatic vegetable soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qian
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Bio-Manufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Hangxia Jin
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Longming Zhu
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xujun Fu
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Man Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Bio-Manufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Fengjie Yuan
- Hangzhou Sub-Center of National Soybean Improvement, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.Q.); (H.J.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (X.F.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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46
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Li J, Xu Y, Du W, Jin L, Ren P, Ren F, Xie JC. Comparative analysis of aroma compounds in Chinese traditional dry-rendered fat by HS/GC-IMS, SPME/GC-MS, and SPME/GC-O. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Utzeri VJ, Ribani A, Taurisano V, Fontanesi L. Entomological authentication of honey based on a DNA method that distinguishes Apis mellifera mitochondrial C mitotypes: Application to honey produced by A. m. ligustica and A. m. carnica. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Segura-Borrego MP, Martín-Gómez A, Ríos-Reina R, Cardador MJ, Morales ML, Arce L, Callejón RM. A non-destructive sampling method for food authentication using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 373:131540. [PMID: 34799128 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The study of volatile compounds obtained by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) may be very useful to protect food quality, especially when using a non-destructive sampling method. In this work, the authentication of the highly appreciated dry-cured Iberian ham by those techniques was studied and compared. The results obtained show the suitability of a non-destructive sampling method coupled to headspace sampling (HS)-GC-IMS or HS-GC-MS to determine volatile markers in the feeding Iberian pig regime. Although both methods were suitable to differentiate the ham categories, HS-GC-IMS was more sensitive detecting a higher number of compounds than HS-GC-MS, which provided accurate qualitative results. The results of principal component analysis showed that ethanol, 2-propanol and 3-methylbutanol, identified by HS-GC-IMS, and 3-methylbutanal and heptane, identified by HS-GC-MS, could be considered potential markers to identify ham from different feeding regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Segura-Borrego
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n. 2, Sevilla 41012, España
| | - A Martín-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Edificio anexo Marie Curie, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, España
| | - R Ríos-Reina
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n. 2, Sevilla 41012, España.
| | - M J Cardador
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Edificio anexo Marie Curie, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, España
| | - M L Morales
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n. 2, Sevilla 41012, España
| | - L Arce
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Edificio anexo Marie Curie, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba 14071, España
| | - R M Callejón
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n. 2, Sevilla 41012, España
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Cai W, Wang Y, Wang W, Shu N, Hou Q, Tang F, Shan C, Yang X, Guo Z. Insights into the Aroma Profile of Sauce-Flavor Baijiu by GC-IMS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:4614330. [PMID: 35392280 PMCID: PMC8983223 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4614330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is among the principal quality indicators for evaluating Baijiu. The aroma profiles of sauce-flavor Baijiu produced by 10 different manufacturers were determined by GC-IMS. The results showed that GC-IMS could effectively separate the volatile compounds in Baijiu, and a total of 80 consensus volatile compounds were rapidly detected from all samples, among which 29 volatile compounds were identified, including 5 alcohols, 14 esters, 2 acids, 2 ketones, 5 aldehydes, and 1 furan. According to the differences in aroma profile found by multivariate statistical analysis, these sauce-flavor Baijiu produced by 10 different manufacturers can be further divided into three types. The relative odor activity value of the identified volatile compounds indicated that seven volatile compounds contributed most to the aroma of sauce-flavor Baijiu in order of aroma contribution rate, and they were ethyl hexanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl octanoate (also known as octanoic acid ethyl ester), ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl isobutyrate. Correspondingly, the main aromas of these sauce-flavor Baijiu produced by 10 different manufacturers were sweet, fruity, alcoholic, etheral, cognac, rummy, and winey. On the one hand, this study proved that GC-IMS is well adapted to the detection of characteristic volatile aroma compounds and trace compounds in Baijiu, which is of positive significance for improving the aroma fingerprint and database of sauce-flavor Baijiu. On the other hand, it also enriched our knowledge of Baijiu and provided references for the evaluation and regulation of the flavor quality of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Cai
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
- School of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Enterprise-University Joint Innovation Center, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Enterprise-University Joint Innovation Center, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Enterprise-University Joint Innovation Center, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Key Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Na Shu
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Enterprise-University Joint Innovation Center, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Key Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Key Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fengxian Tang
- School of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
- Xiangyang Maotai-Flavor Baijiu Solid-State Fermentation Enterprise-University Joint Innovation Center, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
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50
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Masike K, de Villiers A, de Beer D, Joubert E, Stander MA. Application of direct injection-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DI-IMS-MS) for the analysis of phenolics in honeybush and rooibos tea samples. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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