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Qadir OK, Seal CJ, Ashor AW, Tassotti M, Mena P, Del Rio D, Siervo M, Brandt K. Double-blind controlled dietary cross-over intervention with differentially fertilised intact lettuce leaves shows acute reduction in blood pressure in young adults, associated with faster uptake of nitrate than of phenolics. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4191-4203. [PMID: 35871120 PMCID: PMC9596532 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare acute effects on blood pressure (BP) of ingestion of visually similar lettuce with controlled high and low content of either nitrate or phenolic compounds. METHODS In a randomised cross-over design, 19 healthy participants (22-31 years) received 50 g of lettuce containing either 530 mg (8.4 mmol) nitrate + 11 mg (0.03 mmol) phenolic compounds (HNLP); or 3 mg nitrate (0.05 mmol) + 77 mg (0.2 mmol) phenolic compounds (LNHP), obtained by differential fertilisation. Ambulatory BP was recorded along with plasma, salivary and urinary nitrate and nitrite and plasma concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phenolic metabolites, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). RESULTS Compared with LNHP, 3 h post ingestion of HNLP, plasma nitrate increased 0.31 ± (95%CI) 0.12 mM (+ 240%), and salivary nitrate 5.5 ± 1.4 mM (+ 910%); accumulated urinary nitrate excretion increased 188 ± 72 mg (+ 296%) (all P < 0.001). Systolic BP was reduced 4.9 ± 4.2 mmHg (P = 0.031) between 3 and 6 h after ingestion of HNLP compared with LNHP; systolic BP differences were negatively correlated (P = 0.004) with differences in saliva nitrate concentrations. LNHP increased plasma phenolics at 6 h, predominantly 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-glucuronide (ferulic acid-4'-glucuronide), 116%, 204 ± 138 nM more than HNLP (P = 0.001); increased cGMP 14% (P = 0.019); and reduced FRAP 3.1% (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION The acute BP difference within 6 h of consumption matched the plasma/saliva nitrate peak, not the slower changes of plasma phenolics. This is the first double-blind controlled dietary intervention demonstrating differential effects on human physiology by consumption of an intact plant food, where compositional differences were obtained by controlling growing conditions, indicating potential opportunities for health claims relating to precision/vertical farming. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, with identifier NCT02701959, on March 8, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman K Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Food Science and Quality Control Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, 46001, Sulaymaniah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Vasco E, Dias MG, Oliveira L. The first harmonised total diet study in Portugal: Nitrate occurrence and exposure assessment. Food Chem 2022; 392:133152. [PMID: 35671610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A harmonised TDS methodology was used to assess the Portuguese population's nitrate baseline dietary exposure and the risk of exceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Nitrate occurrence in 164 TDS samples pooled based on 20 FoodEx2 groups, representative of 18 to 75 years old population diet, was determined using UV-HPLC. The 'vegetables' group had the highest mean nitrate concentration (353 mg/kg), followed by 'starchy roots' (62 mg/kg), 'composite dishes' (53 mg/kg) and 'fruits' (46 mg/kg). Lettuce contained the most nitrates (1729 mg/kg). The estimated mean nitrate exposure of 1.17 mg/kg bw/day, with 3.18% of individuals exceeding the ADI, was assessed on a semi-probabilistic approach using the MCRA software. Lettuce (28%) contributed most to nitrate exposure followed by vegetable soup (13%). Processed meat contribution to exposure was 0.86% and 2.44% (overall population and consumers only). At population level the nitrate estimated exposure (mean and 95th percentile) revealed no reason for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vasco
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal.
| | - M Graça Dias
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
| | - Luísa Oliveira
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
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Hsu CY, Wu PY, Chen YC, Chen PC, Guo YL, Lin YJ, Lin P. An integrated strategy by using long-term monitoring data to identify volatile organic compounds of high concern near petrochemical industrial parks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153345. [PMID: 35085637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is associated with a risk of cancer in the residents living near petrochemical facilities. However, research on the contribution of different VOCs to the lifetime cancer risk remains inconclusive. The variability in source emissions, geographical locations, seasons, and meteorological conditions can be assessed through long-term measurement of ambient VOCs with a wide spatial distribution, thus reducing the uncertainty of health risk assessment from source emissions. This study analyzed comprehensive measurement data of 109 VOCs at 17 monitoring stations around petrochemical industrial parks, collected once every six days during 2015-2018 by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. We calculated the annual mean concentration of selected VOCs and then integrated the probability risk assessment (PRA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models to identify the sources of VOCs of high concern. First, we prioritized 12 out of 23 carcinogenic VOCs based on the PRA results. Further, the results obtained from the PMF model revealed that petrochemical industrial parks contributed to more than 50% of the emissions of six VOCs, namely 1,3-butadiene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, vinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile, measured at a few monitoring stations. This integrated approach can help regulatory agencies to efficiently propose control strategies on the emissions of VOCs of high concern, thereby reducing the population's health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bogdanova OG, Efimova NV, Tarmaeva IY. Contamination Of Vegetable Products With Nitrates As A Public Health Risk Factor. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the contamination levels of vegetable products with nitrates and to evaluate the associated health risks to population of Baikalia. Materials and Methods — The characterization of VP contamination with nitrates is based on the data of the Federal Information Foundation for Public Hygiene Monitoring in the Russian Federation for 2015-2019. The computation of hazard ratios was conducted sensu the Guidelines 2.1.10.1920-04 ‘Human Health Risk Assessment Caused by Environmental Pollutants’. Results — The proportion of VP samples with augmented nitrate content in the Republic of Buryatia was 4.5 times higher than in Irkutsk Oblast. At the same time, nitrate concentrations did not differ significantly: in the Republic of Buryatia, median concentration was 164.24 (158.52–169.95) mg/kg, and 90th percentile was 940.76 (868.49–1013.03) mg/kg; in Irkutsk Oblast, corresponding amounts were 169.1 (158.55–177.55) and 978.0 (927.3–1028.7) mg/kg (p>0.05). The alimentary effect of nitrates on the child population in Republic of Buryatia led to unacceptable risk (HQ>1.0 at the level of the average centile trend). Conclusion — The results of conducted analysis confirmed the need to carry out dynamic studies of child health indicators due to the impact of nitrates in the municipalities of the cluster 1 in the course of the public hygiene monitoring (with child health as a mandatory component of the latter) for developing further predictive indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G. Bogdanova
- East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Efimova
- East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, Russia
| | - Inna Yu. Tarmaeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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Zhao P, Chai Y, Liu R, Yuan L. Dissipation, Residue, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Bifenthrin, Bifenazate, and Its Metabolite Bifenazate-Diazene in Apples Based on Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14302-14310. [PMID: 34806379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and effective multiresidue analytical method was established to investigate the degradation rate and final residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and its metabolite bifenazate-diazene in apples, and the dietary risk of consumers was evaluated. The residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and bifenazate-diazene in apple samples from 12 different apple-producing areas of China were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of the three compounds in apples were 88.4-104.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.3-10.5%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for each compound was 0.01 mg/kg. Although the degradation half-lives of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and bifenazate-diazene were 17.8-28.9, 4.3-7.8, and 5.0-5.8 days, under good agricultural practice (GAP) conditions, the final residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and the sum of bifenazate and its metabolite bifenazate-diazene in apples were <0.01-0.049, < 0.01-0.027, and <0.02-0.056 mg/kg, respectively, which were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. By comparing the deterministic model with the probabilistic model, the results of the probabilistic model at the P95 level (12.91-48.9% for bifenthrin, 17.48-52.01% for bifenazate including its metabolite) were selected as reasonable assessment criteria for chronic dietary risk, and the acute risk was at the P99.9 level (3.00-15.59% for bifenthrin). Although the exposure risk calculated by both the deterministic model and the probabilistic model was less than 100%, the risk to children is significantly higher than that of the general population. This suggests that in future research and policy making, we should pay more attention to the risk of vulnerable groups such as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yida Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Cheng CJ, Kuo YT, Chen JW, Wei GJ, Lin YJ. Probabilistic risk and benefit assessment of nitrates and nitrites by integrating total diet study-based exogenous dietary exposure with endogenous nitrite formation using toxicokinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106807. [PMID: 34418847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of dietary nitrates and nitrites on human health have been a controversial topic for many years. However, the risk and benefit assessment of nitrates and nitrites is complicated by the large variation in nitrate and nitrite intake among people and the endogenous nitrite formation in the body. This study conducted a probabilistic risk-benefit assessment of dietary nitrates and nitrites based on internal dose by integrating exogenous and endogenous exposures with human trial data on cardiovascular benefits. A total diet study was carried out to quantify the age-specific dietary intakes of nitrates and nitrites. A previously well-validated human toxicokinetic model was used to predict internal doses for different age groups. In addition, the integrated approach was applied to different populations from different countries/regions based on reported exposure estimates to conduct a comprehensive risk-benefit assessment of dietary nitrates and nitrites. The results demonstrated that vegetable consumption was the main contributor to the internal nitrate and nitrite levels in all age groups. Exposure to nitrates and nitrites exceeding acceptable daily intakes in a variety of foods showed cardiovascular benefits. The probabilistic risk assessment showed that the exposure to nitrates and nitrites did not pose an appreciable health and safety risk. Therefore, the present results suggest that dietary nitrates and nitrites have clear cardiovascular benefits that may outweigh potential risks. Our analysis contributes significantly to addressing the controversy regarding risks and benefits from dietary nitrates and nitrites, and our approach could be applied to other dietary constituents with the potential for both risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jih Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jein-Wen Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Guor-Jien Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Zhang Y, Tian X, Jiao Y, Liu Q, Li R, Wang W. An out of box thinking: the changes of iron-porphyrin during meat processing and gastrointestinal tract and some methods for reducing its potential health hazard. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1390-1405. [PMID: 34387535 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron-porphyrin is a very important substance in organisms, especially in animals. It is not only the source of iron in human body, but is also the catalytic center of many reactions. Previous studies suggested that adequate intake of iron was important for the health of human, especially for children and pregnant women. However, associated diseases caused by iron over-intake and excessive meat consumption suggested its potential harmfulness for human health. During meat processing, Iron-porphyrin will cause the oxidation of proteins and fatty acids. In the gastrointestinal tract, iron-porphyrin can induce the production of malondialdehyde, fats oxidation, and indirectly cause oxidation of amino acids and nitrates etc. Iron-porphyrin enters the intestinal tract and disturbs the balance of intestinal flora. Finally, some common measures for inhibiting its activity are introduced, including the use of chelating agent, antioxidants, competitive inhibitor, etc., as well as give the hypothesis that sodium chloride increases the catalytic activity of iron-porphyrin. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge about the changes of iron-porphyrin in the whole technico- and gastrointesto- processing axis and to provide ideas for further research in meat nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiubo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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