1
|
Mathur R, Ahmid Z, Ashor AW, Shannon O, Stephan BCM, Siervo M. Effects of dietary-based weight loss interventions on biomarkers of endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:927-940. [PMID: 37491453 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is closely linked to the development of atherosclerosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the evidence on the effect of weight loss, achieved by dietary-based interventions, on biomarkers of endothelial function (EF). Two databases (Medline, Embase) were searched from inception until November 2022 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) adult subjects (≥ 18 years) without exclusion for health status, 2) dietary interventions for weight loss, and 3) measurements of changes in EF biomarkers. Random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. Thirty-seven articles including 1449 participants were included in the systematic review. Study duration ranged from 3-52 weeks. Overall, weight loss significantly improved biomarkers of EF [standardised mean difference (SMD):0.65; 95%CI:0.49,0.81; P < 0.001;I2 = 91.9%]. Subgroup analyses showed weight loss significantly improved levels of E-selectin (P < 0.001), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P < 0.001), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (P < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant improvement for von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Meta-regression analysis revealed that changes in EF biomarkers were not affected by age, BMI, quality of the studies or the amount of weight lost. A significant heterogeneity was observed for the effects of weight loss on changes in EF biomarkers. Dietary-induced weight loss may be associated with biomarkers changes indicating an improvement of EF, and it may represent a potential strategy to reduce atherosclerotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Mathur
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zhara Ahmid
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qadir OK, Seal CJ, Ashor AW, Tassotti M, Mena P, Del Rio D, Siervo M, Brandt K. Double-blind controlled dietary cross-over intervention with differentially fertilised intact lettuce leaves shows acute reduction in blood pressure in young adults, associated with faster uptake of nitrate than of phenolics. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4191-4203. [PMID: 35871120 PMCID: PMC9596532 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare acute effects on blood pressure (BP) of ingestion of visually similar lettuce with controlled high and low content of either nitrate or phenolic compounds. METHODS In a randomised cross-over design, 19 healthy participants (22-31 years) received 50 g of lettuce containing either 530 mg (8.4 mmol) nitrate + 11 mg (0.03 mmol) phenolic compounds (HNLP); or 3 mg nitrate (0.05 mmol) + 77 mg (0.2 mmol) phenolic compounds (LNHP), obtained by differential fertilisation. Ambulatory BP was recorded along with plasma, salivary and urinary nitrate and nitrite and plasma concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phenolic metabolites, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). RESULTS Compared with LNHP, 3 h post ingestion of HNLP, plasma nitrate increased 0.31 ± (95%CI) 0.12 mM (+ 240%), and salivary nitrate 5.5 ± 1.4 mM (+ 910%); accumulated urinary nitrate excretion increased 188 ± 72 mg (+ 296%) (all P < 0.001). Systolic BP was reduced 4.9 ± 4.2 mmHg (P = 0.031) between 3 and 6 h after ingestion of HNLP compared with LNHP; systolic BP differences were negatively correlated (P = 0.004) with differences in saliva nitrate concentrations. LNHP increased plasma phenolics at 6 h, predominantly 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-glucuronide (ferulic acid-4'-glucuronide), 116%, 204 ± 138 nM more than HNLP (P = 0.001); increased cGMP 14% (P = 0.019); and reduced FRAP 3.1% (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION The acute BP difference within 6 h of consumption matched the plasma/saliva nitrate peak, not the slower changes of plasma phenolics. This is the first double-blind controlled dietary intervention demonstrating differential effects on human physiology by consumption of an intact plant food, where compositional differences were obtained by controlling growing conditions, indicating potential opportunities for health claims relating to precision/vertical farming. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, with identifier NCT02701959, on March 8, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman K Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Food Science and Quality Control Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, 46001, Sulaymaniah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shannon OM, Ashor AW, Scialo F, Saretzki G, Martin-Ruiz C, Lara J, Matu J, Griffiths A, Robinson N, Lillà L, Stevenson E, Stephan BCM, Minihane AM, Siervo M, Mathers JC. Mediterranean diet and the hallmarks of ageing. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1176-1192. [PMID: 33514872 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a multifactorial process associated with reduced function and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recently, nine cellular and molecular hallmarks of ageing have been identified, which characterise the ageing process, and collectively, may be key determinants of the ageing trajectory. These include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion and altered intercellular communication. Healthier dietary patterns reduce the risk of age-related diseases and increase longevity and may influence positively one or more of these hallmarks. The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is a plant-based eating pattern that was typical of countries such as Greece, Spain, and Italy pre-globalisation of the food system and which is associated with better health during ageing. Here we review the potential effects of a MedDiet on each of the nine hallmarks of ageing, and provide evidence that the MedDiet as a whole, or individual elements of this dietary pattern, may influence each hallmark positively-effects which may contribute to the beneficial effects of this dietary pattern on age-related disease risk and longevity. We also highlight potential avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Filippo Scialo
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE4 5PL, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Bioscience Institute, Bioscreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Jose Lara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Clinical Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,, LS163QS, UK
| | - Natassia Robinson
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Lionetti Lillà
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham,, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shannon OM, Mendes I, Köchl C, Mazidi M, Ashor AW, Rubele S, Minihane AM, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Nutr 2020; 150:1151-1159. [PMID: 32027740 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelium plays a key role in the maintenance of vascular health and represents a potential physiological target for dietary and other lifestyle interventions designed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke or coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) on endothelial function. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from inception until January 2019 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) RCTs including adult participants, 2) interventions promoting the MedDiet, 3) inclusion of a control group, and 4) measurements of endothelial function. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Metaregression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify whether effects were modified by health status (i.e., healthy participants versus participants with existing comorbidities), type of intervention (i.e., MedDiet alone or with a cointervention), study duration, study design (i.e., parallel or crossover), BMI, and age of participants. RESULTS Fourteen articles reporting data for 1930 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Study duration ranged from 4 wk to 2.3 y. We observed a beneficial effect of the MedDiet on endothelial function [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.53; P <0.001; I2 = 73.68%]. MedDiet interventions improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD)-the reference method for noninvasive, clinical measurement of endothelial function-by 1.66% (absolute change; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.17; P <0.001; I2 = 0%). Effects of the MedDiet on endothelial function were not modified by health status, type of intervention, study duration, study design, BMI, or age of participants (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS MedDiet interventions improve endothelial function in adults, suggesting that the protective effects of the MedDiet are evident at early stages of the atherosclerotic process with important implications for the early prevention of CVD. This study has the PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018106188.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Mendes
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Köchl
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sofia Rubele
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research & Education, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ashor AW, Shannon OM, Werner AD, Scialo F, Gilliard CN, Cassel KS, Seal CJ, Zheng D, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effects of inorganic nitrate and vitamin C co-supplementation on blood pressure and vascular function in younger and older healthy adults: A randomised double-blind crossover trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:708-717. [PMID: 30930132 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C and inorganic nitrate have been linked to enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced oxidative stress. Vitamin C may also enhance the conversion of nitrite into NO. AIMS We investigated the potential acute effects of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate co-supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and peripheral vascular function. The secondary aim was to investigate whether age modified the effects of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate on these vascular outcomes. METHODS Ten younger (age 18-40 y) and ten older (age 55-70 y) healthy participants were enrolled in a randomised double-blind crossover clinical trial. Participants ingested a solution of potassium nitrate (7 mg/kg body weight) and/or vitamin C (20 mg/kg body weight) or their placebos. Acute changes in resting BP and vascular function (post-occlusion reactive hyperemia [PORH], peripheral pulse wave velocity [PWV]) were monitored over a 3-h period. RESULTS Vitamin C supplementation reduced PWV significantly (vitamin C: -0.70 ± 0.31 m/s; vitamin C placebo: +0.43 ± 0.30 m/s; P = 0.007). There were significant interactions between age and vitamin C for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP (P = 0.02, P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively), with systolic, diastolic and mean BP decreasing in older participants and diastolic BP increasing in younger participants following vitamin C administration. Nitrate supplementation did not influence BP (systolic: P = 0.81; diastolic: P = 0.24; mean BP: P = 0.87) or vascular function (PORH: P = 0.05; PWV: P = 0.44) significantly in both younger and older participants. However, combined supplementation with nitrate and vitamin C reduced mean arterial BP (-2.6 mmHg, P = 0.03) and decreased PWV in older participants (PWV: -2.0 m/s, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The co-administration of a single dose of inorganic nitrate and vitamin C lowered diastolic BP and improved PVW in older participants. Vitamin C supplementation improved PWV in both age groups but decreased systolic and mean BP in older participants only. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN98942199).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Anke-Dorothee Werner
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Scialo
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron N Gilliard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Katelyn S Cassel
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chris J Seal
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Road, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ashor AW, Brown R, Keenan PD, Willis ND, Siervo M, Mathers JC. Limited evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Nutr Res 2019; 61:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Ashor AW, Lara J, Siervo M. Medium-term effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2018; 35:1353-1359. [PMID: 28319596 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to lower blood pressure (BP) particularly in short-term clinical trials. Whether these effects are sustained in the long-term remains to be established. The objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined whether dietary nitrate supplementation for more than 1 week has beneficial effects on SBP and DBP. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from inception until May 2016. Specific inclusion criteria were duration at least 1 week, report of effects on SBP or DBP or both and comparison of inorganic nitrate or beetroot juice supplementation with placebo control groups. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled BP effect sizes. RESULTS Thirteen trials met eligibility criteria. The trials included a total of 325 participants with seven to 65 participants per study. The duration of each intervention ranged from 1 to 6 weeks. Ten trials assessed BP in resting clinic conditions, whereas 24-h ambulatory and daily home monitorings were used in six and three trials, respectively. Overall, dietary nitrate was associated with a significant decline in SBP [-4.1 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -6.1, -2.2); P < 0.001] and DBP [-2.0 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -3.0, -0.9); P < 0.001]. However, the effect was only significant when measured in resting clinical settings as no significant changes in BP were observed using 24-h ambulatory and daily home BP monitorings. CONCLUSION Positive effects of medium-term dietary nitrate supplementation on BP were only observed in clinical settings, which were not corroborated by more accurate methods such as 24-h ambulatory and daily home monitorings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- aHuman Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University bDepartment of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng HM, Koutsidis G, Lodge JK, Ashor AW, Siervo M, Lara J. Lycopene and tomato and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:141-158. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1362630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho M. Cheng
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John K. Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ammar W. Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jose Lara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oggioni C, Jakovljevic DG, Klonizakis M, Ashor AW, Ruddock A, Ranchordas M, Williams E, Siervo M. Dietary nitrate does not modify blood pressure and cardiac output at rest and during exercise in older adults: a randomised cross-over study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:74-83. [PMID: 28562133 PMCID: PMC5952182 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1328666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation has been associated with improved vascular and metabolic health. We conducted a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled RCT to investigate the effects of 7-d consumption of beetroot juice compared with placebo on (1) blood pressure (BP) measured in resting conditions and during exercise, (2) cardiac and peripheral vascular function and (3) biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial integrity. Twenty non-smoking healthy participants aged 60–75 years and BMI 20.0–29.9 kg/m2 were recruited. Measurement was conducted before and after each 7-d intervention period. Consumption of NO3- had no effect on resting systolic and diastolic BP. NO3- consumption did not improve indexes of central and peripheral cardiac function responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Dietary NO3- supplementation did not modify biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial integrity. This study does not support the short-term benefits of dietary NO3- supplementation on physiological and biochemical markers of vascular health in older healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Oggioni
- a Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine , Newcastle University , Newcastle on Tyne , UK
| | - D G Jakovljevic
- b Institute of Cellular Medicine, MoveLab , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - M Klonizakis
- c Centre for Sport and Exercise Science , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - A W Ashor
- a Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine , Newcastle University , Newcastle on Tyne , UK
| | - A Ruddock
- c Centre for Sport and Exercise Science , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - M Ranchordas
- c Centre for Sport and Exercise Science , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - E Williams
- d Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - M Siervo
- a Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine , Newcastle University , Newcastle on Tyne , UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Siervo M, Oggioni C, Jakovljevic DG, Trenell M, Mathers JC, Houghton D, Celis-Morales C, Ashor AW, Ruddock A, Ranchordas M, Klonizakis M, Williams EA. Dietary nitrate does not affect physical activity or outcomes in healthy older adults in a randomized, cross-over trial. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1361-1369. [PMID: 27890482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary nitrate (NO3-) ingestion appears to enhance exercise capacity and performance in young individuals, inconclusive findings have been reported in older people. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, crossover randomized clinical trial using beetroot juice in older healthy participants, who were classified as normal weight and overweight. We tested whether consumption of beetroot juice (a rich source of NO3-) for 1 week would increase nitric oxide bioavailability via the nonenzymatic pathway and enhance (1) exercise capacity during an incremental exercise test, (2) physical capability, and (3) free-living physical activity. Twenty nonsmoking, healthy participants between 60 and 75 years of age and with a body mass index of 20.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 were included. Presupplementation and postsupplementation resting, submaximal, maximal, and recovery gas exchanges were measured. Physical capability was measured by hand-grip strength, time-up-and-go, repeated chair rising test, and 10-m walking speed. Free-living physical activity was assessed by triaxal accelerometry. Changes in urinary and plasmaNO3-concentrations were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nineteen participants (male-to-female ratio, 9:10) completed the study.Beetroot juice increased significantly both plasma and urinary NO3-concentrations (P<.001) when compared with placebo. Beetroot juice did not influence resting or submaximal and maximal oxygen consumption during the incremental exercise test. In addition, measures of physical capability and physical activity levels measured in free-living conditions were not modified by beetroot juice ingestion. The positive effects of beetroot juice ingestion on exercise performance seen in young individuals were not replicated in healthy, older adults. Whether aging represents a modifier of the effects of dietary NO3-on muscular performance is not known, and mechanistic studies and larger trials are needed to test this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
| | - Clio Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, MoveLab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; RCUK Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Michael Trenell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, MoveLab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; RCUK Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK; RCUK Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, MoveLab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Alan Ruddock
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mayur Ranchordas
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Markos Klonizakis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Williams
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ashor AW, Chowdhury S, Oggioni C, Qadir O, Brandt K, Ishaq A, Mathers JC, Saretzki G, Siervo M. Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation in Young and Old Obese Adults Does Not Affect Acute Glucose and Insulin Responses but Lowers Oxidative Stress. J Nutr 2016; 146:2224-2232. [PMID: 27733522 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.237529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and obesity are associated with raised oxidative stress and a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, with subsequent decline in insulin sensitivity and endothelial function. Inorganic nitrate is converted into NO via a 2-step reduction process and may be an effective nutritional intervention to modify vascular and metabolic functions. OBJECTIVES This study tested whether inorganic nitrate supplementation improved glucose disposal and attenuated the acute effects of hyperglycemia on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular function in young and old obese participants. METHODS Ten young (aged 18-44 y) and 10 old (aged 55-70 y) obese participants consumed 75 g glucose followed by either potassium nitrate (7 mg/kg body weight) or potassium chloride (placebo) in a randomized, double-blind crossover design. Resting blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, and blood biomarkers were measured for 3 h postintervention. Biomarkers included plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx), glucose, insulin, cyclic GMP, interleukin 6, 3-nitrotyrosine, E- and P-selectins, intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3), and thrombomodulin, as well as superoxide in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Inorganic nitrate supplementation did not affect plasma glucose (P = 0.18) or insulin (P = 0.26) responses. The increase in plasma NOx concentrations 3 h after the administration of inorganic nitrate was significantly higher in young than in old participants (234% increase compared with 149% increase, respectively, P < 0.001). Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine concentrations declined significantly after inorganic nitrate supplementation compared with placebo (3 h postdose, 46% decrease compared with 27% increase, respectively, P = 0.04), and a similar nonsignificant trend was observed for superoxide concentrations (3 h postdose, 16% decrease compared with 23% increase, respectively, P = 0.06). Plasma cyclic GMP, ICAM-3, and thrombomodulin concentrations differed between young and old participants (P < 0.01). Inorganic nitrate supplementation did not improve BP or endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate did not improve glucose and insulin responses but reduced oxidative stress in old individuals during acute hyperglycemia. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN42776917.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and.,College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Clio Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine
| | - Othman Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Abbas Ishaq
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine.,Research Councils UK Centre for Ageing and Vitality, and.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, .,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Livingstone KM, Celis-Morales C, Lara J, Ashor AW, Lovegrove JA, Martinez JA, Saris WH, Gibney M, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Daniel H, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Bouwman J, Grimaldi KA, Mathers JC. Associations between FTO genotype and total energy and macronutrient intake in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16:666-78. [PMID: 26016642 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Risk variants of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with increased obesity. However, the evidence for associations between FTO genotype and macronutrient intake has not been reviewed systematically. Our aim was to evaluate the potential associations between FTO genotype and intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein. We undertook a systematic literature search in OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane of associations between macronutrient intake and FTO genotype in adults. Beta coefficients and confidence intervals (CIs) were used for per allele comparisons. Random-effect models assessed the pooled effect sizes. We identified 56 eligible studies reporting on 213,173 adults. For each copy of the FTO risk allele, individuals reported 6.46 kcal day(-1) (95% CI: 10.76, 2.16) lower total energy intake (P = 0.003). Total fat (P = 0.028) and protein (P = 0.006), but not carbohydrate intakes, were higher in those carrying the FTO risk allele. After adjustment for body weight, total energy intakes remained significantly lower in individuals with the FTO risk genotype (P = 0.028). The FTO risk allele is associated with a lower reported total energy intake and with altered patterns of macronutrient intake. Although significant, these differences are small and further research is needed to determine whether the associations are independent of dietary misreporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Livingstone
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - A W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J A Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - W H Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Traczyk
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - C A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Daniel
- National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - L Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - J Bouwman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - J C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lara J, Ashor AW, Oggioni C, Ahluwalia A, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effects of inorganic nitrate and beetroot supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:451-459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
14
|
Ashor AW, Jajja A, Sutyarjoko A, Brandt K, Qadir O, Lara J, Siervo M. Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on microvascular blood flow in older overweight and obese subjects: a pilot randomised controlled study. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:511-3. [PMID: 25471613 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A W Ashor
- 1] Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK [2] Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A Jajja
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| | - A Sutyarjoko
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| | - K Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - O Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| | - M Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ashor AW, Lara J, Siervo M, Celis-Morales C, Mathers JC. Effects of exercise modalities on arterial stiffness and wave reflection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110034. [PMID: 25333969 PMCID: PMC4198209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Physical activity is associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, the effects of different exercise modalities on arterial stiffness are currently unclear. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance or combined) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), and to determine whether the effects on these indices differed according to the participants' or exercise characteristics. METHODS We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from inception until April 2014 for randomized controlled trials lasting ≥ 4 weeks investigating the effects of exercise modalities on PWV and AIx in adults aged ≥ 18 years. RESULTS Forty-two studies (1627 participants) were included in this analysis. Aerobic exercise improved both PWV (WMD: -0.63 m/s, 95% CI: -0.90, -0.35) and AIx (WMD:-2.63%, 95% CI: -5.25 to -0.02) significantly. Aerobic exercise training showed significantly greater reduction in brachial-ankle (WMD: -1.01 m/s, 95% CI: -1.57, -0.44) than in carotid-femoral (WMD: -0.39 m/s, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.27) PWV. Higher aerobic exercise intensity was associated with larger reductions in AIx (β: -1.55%, CI -3.09, 0.0001). In addition, aerobic exercise had a significantly larger effect in reducing PWV (WMD:-1.0 m/s, 95% CI: -1.43, -0.57) in participants with stiffer arteries (PWV ≥ 8 m/s). Resistance exercise had no effect on PWV and AIx. There was no significant effect of combined exercise on PWV and AIx. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that aerobic exercise improved arterial stiffness significantly and that the effect was enhanced with higher aerobic exercise intensity and in participants with greater arterial stiffness at baseline. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Database registration: CRD42014009744.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W. Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, United Kingdom
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
- * E-mail:
| | - Jose Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ashor AW, Siervo M, Lara J, Oggioni C, Mathers JC. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation reduces arterial stiffness in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr 2014; 144:1594-602. [PMID: 25098780 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies tested the effects of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins on arterial stiffness, but the results were contradictory. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effect of antioxidant vitamins on arterial stiffness and to determine whether the effects on arterial stiffness vary according to dose, duration of intervention, and health or nutritional status of the included participants. METHODS We searched 3 databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) for articles that potentially met the following eligibility criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials comparing antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E, and A and β-carotene) to either placebo or no active control in 2) adult participants aged ≥18 y; 3) antioxidant vitamins administered alone or in combination, irrespective of dose, duration, and route of administration; and 4) changes in arterial stiffness or arterial compliance. Data were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and analyzed using fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS Data synthesis showed that antioxidant vitamins reduced arterial stiffness significantly (SMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.08; P < 0.001). This effect was significant in experimental (SMD: -1.02; 95% CI: -1.54, -0.49; P < 0.001) and primary prevention (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.04; P < 0.01) studies, whereas a trend for reduced arterial stiffness was observed in studies including participants with diseases (SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.02; P = 0.08). Vitamin supplementation improved arterial stiffness irrespective of age group and duration of intervention. Antioxidant vitamins were more effective in participants with low baseline plasma concentrations of vitamins C (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07; P < 0.016) and E (SMD: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.23, -0.33; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has a small, protective effect on arterial stiffness. The effect may be augmented in those with lower baseline plasma vitamin E and C concentrations. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42014007260.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - Jose Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - Clio Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:9-20. [PMID: 24792921 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies indicate that higher vitamin C intake is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, randomised controlled trials (RCT) examining the effect of vitamin C on endothelial function (EF) have reported inconsistent results. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to determine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on EF and to investigate whether the effect was influenced by health status, study duration, dose and route of vitamin C administration. METHODS We searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception to May 2013 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) RCT with adult participants, 2) vitamin C administered alone, 3) studies that quantified EF using commonly applied methods including ultrasound, plethysmography and pulse wave analysis. RESULTS Pooling the data from 44 clinical trials showed a significant positive effect of vitamin C on EF (SMD: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.66, P < 0.001). Stratification of the analysis by health outcome revealed improved EF in atherosclerotic (SMD: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.41, 1.26, P < 0.001), diabetic (SMD: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.82, P < 0.001) and heart failure patients (SMD: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.88, P < 0.02) after vitamin C supplementation. The effect size appeared to be unaffected by study design, duration, baseline plasma vitamin C concentration or route of administration of vitamin C. The meta-regression showed a significant positive association between vitamin C dose and improvement in EF (β: 0.00011, 95% CI: 0.00001, 0.00021, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin C supplementation improved EF. The effect of vitamin C supplementation appeared to be dependent on health status, with stronger effects in those at higher cardiovascular disease risk. PROSPERO Database registration: CRD42013004567, http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Jose Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ashor AW. Inverted U shaped effect of nicotine on the severity of depressive symptoms: A population-based survey. J Young Pharm 2013; 5:60-3. [PMID: 24023456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether that nicotine concentration represented by the degree of smoking dependence variably influence the rate and severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS Cross-sectional, analytical study, involving 300 medical students selected by random sampling techniques were asked to complete a questionnaire contains three parts: demographic information, Beck Depression Inventory with cutoff point for depression is 17 and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine dependence with cutoff point for severe dependence is five. RESULTS A total of 233 medical students completed the questionnaire; their mean age was (21.38 ± 1.74). The rate of smoking was 22.7% while that of depression was 32.2%. Low dependent smokers in contrast to other groups of smokers and non-smokers display the lowest rate of depressive symptoms (15%), while the highest rate recorded among severely dependent smokers (71.4%, p = 0.0001). After adjustment of other risk factors, regression analysis reveal that severe dependent smokers associated with 12.5 odds of depressive symptoms than non-smokers (p = 0.0001, C.I. 4.10-38.29). CONCLUSION In comparison with light and moderate smokers, heavy smokers demonstrate higher risk of depressive symptoms in medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad 14132, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ashor AW. Variable influence of the degree of smoking dependence on adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iraqi medical students. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2012; 17:241-247. [PMID: 22772930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the differences in the patterns of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among non, light, and heavy smokers. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 400 medical students (representing first to sixth year students) was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, University of Al-Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq from March to June 2011. The medical students completed a questionnaire containing the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-screener) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). An ADHD score ≥14 was considered positive. An FTND score ≥6 signifies heavy smokers, and an FTND score ≤5 signifies light smokers. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-one medical students completed the questionnaire, 16.6% reported ADHD symptoms (19.8% male, 12.1% females). Forty-five percent of ADHD adults were smokers; more than half of them were categorized as heavy smokers (51.8%). In comparison with non-smokers, heavy smokers displayed significant deterioration in their inattentive and total ASRS score (p=0.0001). Light smokers show significantly higher hyperactive symptoms in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.041). A high FTND score was associated with severer deterioration in inattentive (r=0.391, p=0.001) but not hyperactive symptoms (r=0.153, p=0.117). CONCLUSION The ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent among Iraqi medical students, and smoking among ADHD students is higher and heavier than non-ADHD controls. Heavy smoking tends to deteriorate rather than ameliorate (self-medicate) ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ashor AW. Degree of dependence influences the effects of smoking on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2011; 16:353-357. [PMID: 21983379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exploration of the variable effect of the degree of smoking dependence on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. METHODS This is a randomized, controlled, prospective study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq from 15 January 2011 to 25 February 2011. After third stage male medical students completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence questionnaire, we randomly selected a sample of 32 students and divided them into 3 groups: 10 participants with zero score (non-smokers), 11 participants with a score of 5 or less (light smokers), and 11 participants with a score of 6 or more (heavy smokers). Choice reaction time and flicker fusion were measured by the Leeds psychomotor performance test battery, and working memory capacity was measured by the N-back working memory test. RESULTS We found significant improvement in ascending flicker fusion test in heavy smokers in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.005, confidence interval [CI] 0.99-6), and light smokers (p=0.053, CI 0.39-4.5). Heavy smokers significantly deteriorated in the 3-back task in comparison with non-smokers (p=0.006, CI 4-25.8), and light smokers (p=0.009, CI 3-24.4). No significant changes were seen between groups in the descending critical flicker fusion, the components of choice reaction time, and in 1-, 2- back working memory tests. CONCLUSION Heavy smoking (high nicotine) enhances arousal, but impairs working memory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|