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Arnoldy L, Gauci S, Lassemillante ACM, Verster JC, Macpherson H, Minihane AM, Scholey A, Pipingas A, White DJ. Towards consistency in dietary pattern scoring: standardising scoring workflows for healthy dietary patterns using 24-h recall and two variations of a food frequency questionnair. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1554-1577. [PMID: 38225925 PMCID: PMC11043911 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) have been evaluated for their potential association with health outcomes. However, the lack of standardisation in scoring methodologies can hinder reproducibility and meaningful cross-study comparisons. Here we provide a reproducible workflow for generating the MeDi, DASH and MIND dietary pattern scores from frequently used dietary assessment tools including the 24-h recall tool and two variations of FFQ. Subjective aspects of the scoring process are highlighted and have led to a recommended reporting checklist. This checklist enables standardised reporting with sufficient detail to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of their outcomes. In addition to these aims, valuable insights in the strengths and limitations of each assessment tool for scoring the MeDi, DASH and MIND diet can be utilised by researchers and clinicians to determine which dietary assessment tool best meets their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Arnoldy
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
- IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Annie-Claude M. Lassemillante
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VICAustralia
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
| | - David J. White
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
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Arnoldy L, Gauci S, Lassemillante ACM, Verster JC, Macpherson H, Minihane AM, Scholey A, Pipingas A, White DJ. Towards consistency in dietary pattern scoring: standardising scoring workflows for healthy dietary patterns using 24-h recall and two variations of a food frequency questionnaire - CORRIGENDUM. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1578. [PMID: 38655697 PMCID: PMC11043907 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
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Gregory S, Griffiths A, Jennings A, Malcomson FC, Matu J, Minihane AM, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie CW, Parra-Soto S, Stevenson E, Townsend R, Ward NA, Shannon O. Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and cardiometabolic, cognitive and neuroimaging parameters: an analysis from the PREVENT dementia study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38594677 PMCID: PMC11005234 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Eatwell guide reflects the UK government's recommendations for a healthy and balanced diet. Previous research has identified associations between healthy eating patterns and both cardiovascular and brain health, although there is little evidence specifically focusing on the Eatwell Guide. To date no research has investigated associations between the Eatwell Guide and risk for future dementia. METHODS Data from the PREVENT dementia cohort study baseline visit was used in this analysis. Binary and graded Eatwell Guide scores (BEWG, GEWG) were created from a self-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire. The CAIDE score was included as the primary outcome measure to represent risk for future Alzheimer's disease. Secondary outcome measures included cardiometabolic health measures and brain health measures. Generalised additive models were run in R. RESULTS A total of 517 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean BEWG score of 4.39 (± 1.66) (out of a possible 12 points) and GEWG score of 39.88 (± 6.19) (out of a possible 60 points). There was no significant association between either Eatwell Guide score and the CAIDE score (BEWG β: 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.22; GEWG β: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06) or any measures of brain health. There was a significant association between higher GEWG score and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) (systolic β: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03; diastolic β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; BMI β: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although not directly associated with the CAIDE score, the Eatwell Guide dietary pattern may be beneficial for dementia prevention efforts through the modification of hypertension and obesity, which are both known risk factors for dementia. Future work could replicate these findings in other UK-based cohorts as well as further development of Eatwell Guide scoring methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK.
| | | | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000, Chillan, Chile
- School of Cardiometabolic and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Townsend
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Ann Ward
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Shannon OM, Townsend R, Malcomson FC, Matu J, Griffiths A, Jennings A, Ward N, Papier K, Best N, French C, Scheelbeek P, Kim C, Ochieng B, Jay F, Shepherd K, Corfe B, Fairley A, McEvoy CT, Minihane AM, Sim YJ, Stevenson E, Gregory S. Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and population and planetary health: A Rank Prize Forum report. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:108-119. [PMID: 38294140 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This report summarises a Forum conducted in June 2023 to explore the current state of the knowledge around the Eatwell Guide, which is the UK government's healthy eating tool, in relation to population and planetary health. The 1.5-day Forum highlighted the limited, albeit promising evidence linking higher adherence to the Eatwell Guide with favourable health outcomes, including reduced overall mortality risk, lower abdominal obesity in post-menopausal women and improved cardiometabolic health markers. Similarly, evidence was presented to suggest that higher adherence to the Eatwell Guide is associated with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Presentations were given around cultural adaptations of the Eatwell Guide, including African Heritage and South Asian versions, which are designed to increase the acceptability and uptake of the Eatwell Guide in these communities in the United Kingdom. Presentations highlighted ongoing work relevant to the applications of the Eatwell Guide in randomised controlled trials and public health settings, including the development of a screening tool to quantify Eatwell Guide adherence. The Forum ended with a World Café-style event, in which the strengths and limitations of the Eatwell Guide were discussed, and directions for future research were identified. This Forum report serves as a primer on the current state of the knowledge on the Eatwell Guide and population and planetary health and will be of interest to researchers, healthcare professionals and public health officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Townsend
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Amy Jennings
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicola Ward
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Best
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Chloe French
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Centre on Climate Change & Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Curie Kim
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bertha Ochieng
- Centre for Primary Care Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Bernard Corfe
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrea Fairley
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire T McEvoy
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Yi Jia Sim
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Curtis PJ, van der Velpen V, Berends L, Jennings A, Haag L, Minihane AM, Chandra P, Kay CD, Rimm EB, Cassidy A. Chronic and postprandial effect of blueberries on cognitive function, alertness, and mood in participants with metabolic syndrome - results from a six-month, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:658-668. [PMID: 38432713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanin and blueberry intakes positively associated with cognitive function in population-based studies and cognitive benefits in randomized controlled trials of adults with self-perceived or clinical cognitive dysfunction. To date, adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) but without cognitive dysfunction are understudied. OBJECTIVES Cognitive function, mood, alertness, and sleep quality were assessed as secondary end points in MetS participants, postprandially (>24 h) and following 6-mo blueberry intake. METHODS A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted, assessing the primary effect of consuming freeze-dried blueberry powder, compared against an isocaloric placebo, on cardiometabolic health >6 mo and a 24 h postprandial period (at baseline). In this secondary analysis of the main study, data from those completing mood, alertness, cognition, and sleep assessments are presented (i.e., n = 115 in the 6 mo study, n = 33 in the postprandial study), using the following: 1) Bond-Lader self-rated scores, 2) electronic cognitive battery (i.e., testing attention, working memory, episodic memory, speed of memory retrieval, executive function, and picture recognition), and 3) the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Urinary and serum anthocyanin metabolites were quantified, and apolipoprotein E genotype status was determined. RESULTS Postprandial self-rated calmness significantly improved after 1 cup of blueberries (P = 0.01; q = 0.04; with an 11.6% improvement compared with baseline between 0 and 24 h for the 1 cup group), but all other mood, sleep, and cognitive function parameters were unaffected after postprandial and 6-mo blueberries. Across the ½ and 1 cup groups, microbial metabolites of anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid (i.e., hydroxycinnamic acids, benzoic acids, phenylalanine derivatives, and hippuric acids) and catechin were associated with favorable chronic and postprandial memory, attention, executive function, and calmness. CONCLUSIONS Although self-rated calmness improved postprandially, and significant cognition-metabolite associations were identified, our data did not support strong cognitive, mood, alertness, or sleep quality improvements in MetS participants after blueberry intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02035592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Curtis
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Vera van der Velpen
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Berends
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jennings
- Institute for Global Food Security, Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Laura Haag
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Preeti Chandra
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Colin D Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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Weaver C, Ahles S, Murphy KJ, Shyam S, Cade J, Plat J, Schwingshackl L, Roche HM, Lachat C, Minihane AM, Rigutto-Farebrother J. Perspective: Peer Evaluation of Recommendations for CONSORT Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100154. [PMID: 37996044 PMCID: PMC10716705 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating effective dietary guidance requires a rigorous evidence base that is predominantly developed from robust clinical trials or large-scale cohort studies, with the quality of the data available depending on the completeness and accuracy of their reporting. An international group of academics from 14 institutions in 12 different countries and on 5 continents, working on behalf of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies within its "Improving Standards in the Science of Nutrition" initiative, reviewed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement checklist as it pertains to nutrition trials. This perspective piece documents the procedure followed to gain input and consensus on the checklist previously published by this group, including its presentation and interrogation at the International Union of Nutritional Sciences International Congress of Nutrition 2022 (IUNS-ICN 22), inputs from a survey of journal editors, and its piloting on 8 nutrition trials of diverse designs. Overall, the initiative has been met with considerable enthusiasm. At IUNS-ICN 22, refinements to our proposal were elicited through a World Café method discussion with participating nutrition scientists. The contributing journal editors provided valuable insights, and the discussion led to the development of a potential tool specific to assess adherence to the proposed nutrition extension checklist. The piloting of the proposed checklist provided evidence from real-life studies that reporting of nutrition trials can be improved. This initiative aims to stimulate further discussion and development of a CONSORT-nutrition-specific extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Weaver
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; BioActor BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Clinical and Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sangeetha Shyam
- Centre for Translational Research, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Biomedical Research Network Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Reus, Spain
| | - Janet Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Global Center for the Development of the Whole Child, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Hanson S, Belderson P, Player E, Minihane AM, Sweeting A. "Taking from Peter to pay Paul": The experience of people in receipt of fuel and food vouchers from a UK foodbank. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:500-512. [PMID: 37723996 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
For people on very low incomes, household fuel and food environments are increasingly uncertain. Many live in precarious situations with little control over their lives. In addition to food parcels, many foodbanks also supply emergency fuel payments. There has been a surge in demand due to the cost of living crisis in the United Kingdom. This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, explored the lived experience of people who received a fuel voucher via a foodbank to gain insights into food preparation, eating practices and heating and appliance use in their homes. All participants (n = 6) described a change in life circumstances leaving them at crisis point with overwhelming uncertainty. Using Thematic Analysis, we identified four themes: (1) Bewilderment in using foodbank services; (2) The need to make trade-offs between food and fuel; (3) Feeling shame at using the services and (4) Missing out on pleasurable eating practices. Three case studies give fuller insights and context. All interviewees had acute and complex needs and described being 'at rock bottom', with fuel vouchers viewed as a 'lifeline' to address essential cooking, heating and electrical appliance needs. We, therefore, suggest the need for extra support and follow-up for first-time users who are in a state of denial and shock when seeking help. Further research is needed on how to best help organisations develop strategies to address and ameliorate a sense of powerlessness and shame felt by their clients which likely limits them from seeking help, despite being in acute, complex and dire need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hanson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Pippa Belderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Emily Player
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Anna Sweeting
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Vauzour D, Scholey A, White DJ, Cohen NJ, Cassidy A, Gillings R, Irvine MA, Kay CD, Kim M, King R, Legido-Quigley C, Potter JF, Schwarb H, Minihane AM. A combined DHA-rich fish oil and cocoa flavanols intervention does not improve cognition or brain structure in older adults with memory complaints: results from the CANN randomized, controlled parallel-design study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:369-381. [PMID: 37315924 PMCID: PMC10447509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that both omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and cocoa flavanols can improve cognitive performance in both healthy individuals and in those with memory complaints. However, their combined effect is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the combined effect of EPA/DHA and cocoa flavanols (OM3FLAV) on cognitive performance and brain structures in older adults with memory complaints. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled trial of DHA-rich fish oil (providing 1.1 g/d DHA and 0.4 g/d EPA) and a flavanol-rich dark chocolate (providing 500 mg/d flavan-3-ols) was conducted in 259 older adults with either subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment. Participants underwent assessment at baseline, 3 mo, and 12 mo. The primary outcome was the number of false-positives on a picture recognition task from the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery. Secondary outcomes included other cognition and mood outcomes, plasma lipids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucose levels. A subset of 110 participants underwent structural neuroimaging at baseline and at 12 mo. RESULTS 197 participants completed the study. The combined intervention had no significant effect on any cognitive outcomes, with the exception of reaction time variability (P = 0.007), alertness (P < 0.001), and executive function (P < 0.001), with a decline in function observed in the OM3FLAV group (118.6 [SD 25.3] at baseline versus 113.3 [SD 25.4] at 12 mo for executive function) relative to the control, and an associated decrease in cortical volume (P = 0.039). Compared with the control group, OM3FLAV increased plasma HDL, total cholesterol ratio (P < 0.001), and glucose (P = 0.008) and reduced TG concentrations (P < 0.001) by 3 mo, which were sustained to 12 mo, with no effect on BDNF. Changes in plasma EPA and DHA and urinary flavonoid metabolite concentrations confirmed compliance to the intervention. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cosupplementation with ω-3 PUFAs and cocoa flavanols for 12 mo does not improve cognitive outcomes in those with cognitive impairment. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02525198.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia.
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, United Kingdom; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Irvine
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Kay
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Min Kim
- Translational and Clinical Chemistry, Kings College London, London, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca King
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | | | - John F Potter
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (NIHA), UEA, Norwich, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Rigutto-Farebrother J, Ahles S, Cade J, Murphy KJ, Plat J, Schwingshackl L, Roche HM, Shyam S, Lachat C, Minihane AM, Weaver C. Perspectives on the application of CONSORT guidelines to randomised controlled trials in nutrition. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03137-5. [PMID: 37099211 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reporting guidelines facilitate quality and completeness in research reporting. The CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement is widely applied to dietary and nutrition trials but has no extension specific to nutrition. Evidence suggests poor reporting in nutrition research. The Federation of European Nutrition Societies led an initiative to make recommendations for a nutrition extension to the CONSORT statement towards a more robust reporting of the evidence base. METHODS An international working group was formed of nutrition researchers from 14 institutions in 12 different countries and on five continents. Using meetings over a period of one year, we interrogated the CONSORT statement specifically for its application to report nutrition trials. RESULTS We provide a total of 28 new nutrition-specific recommendations or emphasised recommendations for the reporting of the introduction (three), methods (twelve), results (five) and discussion (eight). We also added two additional recommendations that were not allocated under the standard CONSORT headings. CONCLUSION We identify a need to provide guidance in addition to CONSORT to improve the quality and consistency of the reporting and propose key considerations for further development of formal guidelines for the reporting of nutrition trials. Readers are encouraged to engage in this process, provide comments and conduct specific studies to inform further work on the development of reporting guidelines for nutrition trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, LFV E14.1, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Global Center for the Development of the Whole Child, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, USA.
| | - Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- BioActor BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janet Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sangeetha Shyam
- Centre for Translational Research, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Reus, Spain
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
- Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing, UEA, Norwich, UK
| | - Connie Weaver
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
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Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Chouinard-Watkins R, Bazinet R, Harden G, Dick J, Tejera N, Pontifex MG, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. The Influence of APOE Genotype, DHA, and Flavanol Intervention on Brain DHA and Lipidomics Profile in Aged Transgenic Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2032. [PMID: 37432149 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is predictive of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain is highly enriched with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA's metabolism is defective in APOE4 carriers. Flavanol intake can play a role in modulating DHA levels. However, the impact of flavanol co-supplementation with fish oil on brain DHA uptake, status and partitioning, and according to APOE genotype is currently unknown. Here, using a humanised APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement transgenic mouse model, the interactive influence of cocoa flavanols (FLAV) and APOE genotype on the blood and subcortical brain PUFA status following the supplementation of a high fat (HF) enriched with DHA from fish oil (FO) was investigated. DHA levels increased in the blood (p < 0.001) and brain (p = 0.001) following supplementation. Compared to APOE3, a higher red blood cell (RBC) DHA (p < 0.001) was evident in APOE4 mice following FO and FLAV supplementation. Although FO did not increase the percentage of brain DHA in APOE4, a 17.1% (p < 0.05) and 20.0% (p < 0.001) higher DHA level in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fraction in the HF FO and HF FO FLAV groups, and a 14.5% (p < 0.05) higher DHA level in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fraction in the HF FO FLAV group was evident in these animals relative to the HF controls. The addition of FLAV (+/- FO) did not significantly increase the percentage of brain DHA in the group as a whole. However, a higher brain: RBC DHA ratio was evident in APOE3 only (p < 0.05) for HF FLAV versus HF. In conclusion, our data shows only modest effects of FLAV on the brain DHA status, which is limited to APOE3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha N M Saleh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Raphael Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Richard Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - James Dick
- Nutrition Analytical Service, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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11
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Pipingas A, Murphy KJ, Davis CR, Itsiopoulos C, Kingsley M, Scholey A, Macpherson H, Segal L, Breckon J, Minihane AM, Meyer D, Ogden E, Dyer KA, Eversteyn E, Hardman RJ, Poorun K, Justice K, Hana M, Buckley JD, White D, Davison K, Clark JS, Bracci EL, Kennedy G. A Mediterranean Diet and Walking Intervention to Reduce Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Independently Living Older Australians: The MedWalk Randomized Controlled Trial Experimental Protocol, Including COVID-19 Related Modifications and Baseline Characteristics. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:409-427. [PMID: 37781806 PMCID: PMC10657681 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical trials have examined diet and physical activity lifestyle changes as mitigation strategies for risk factors linked to cognitive decline and dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the ability to modify these behaviors longer term, to impact cognitive health has remained elusive. OBJECTIVE The MedWalk trial's primary aim is to investigate whether longer-term adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and regular walking, delivered through motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy (MI-CBT), can reduce age-associated cognitive decline and other dementia risk factors in older, independently living individuals without cognitive impairment. METHODS MedWalk, a one-year cluster-randomized controlled trial across two Australian states, recruited 60-90-year-old people from independent living retirement villages and the wider community. Participants were assigned to either the MedWalk intervention or a control group (maintaining their usual diet and physical activity). The primary outcome is 12-month change in visual memory and learning assessed from errors on the Paired Associates Learning Task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Secondary outcomes include cognition, mood, cardiovascular function, biomarkers related to nutrient status and cognitive decline, MI-CBT effectiveness, Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity, quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and health economic evaluation.Progress and Discussion:Although COVID-19 impacts over two years necessitated a reduced timeline and sample size, MedWalk retains sufficient power to address its aims and hypotheses. Baseline testing has been completed with 157 participants, who will be followed over 12 months. If successful, MedWalk will inform interventions that could substantially reduce dementia incidence and ameliorate cognitive decline in the community. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12620000978965 (https://www.anzctr.org.au).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen J. Murphy
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney R. Davis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Michael Kingsley
- Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Newmarket, New Zealand
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonie Segal
- Economics and Social Policy Group, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeff Breckon
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Ogden
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A. Dyer
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emily Eversteyn
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Roy J. Hardman
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaylass Poorun
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Keri Justice
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Maher Hana
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David White
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessie S. Clark
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ella L. Bracci
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Greg Kennedy
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - on behalf of MedWalk collaborative team
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance & UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Newmarket, New Zealand
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Economics and Social Policy Group, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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12
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Poppe M, Duffy L, Marchant NL, Barber JA, Hunter R, Bass N, Minihane AM, Walters K, Higgs P, Rapaport P, Lang IA, Morgan-Trimmer S, Huntley J, Walker Z, Brodaty H, Kales HC, Ritchie K, Burton A, Wenborn J, Betz A, Cooper C. The APPLE Tree programme: Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia through Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to build REsiliEnce-randomised controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:596. [PMID: 35883143 PMCID: PMC9315085 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale trials of multidomain interventions show that modifying lifestyle and psychological risk factors can slow cognitive decline. We aim to determine if a lower intensity, personally tailored secondary dementia prevention programme for older people with subjective or mild objective memory decline, informed by behaviour change theory, reduces cognitive decline over 2 years. METHODS A multi-site, single-blind randomised controlled trial recruiting 704 older adults at high dementia risk due to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Participants are randomised using 1:1 allocation ratio to the APPLE Tree intervention versus control arm (dementia prevention information), stratified by site. The intervention explores and implements strategies to promote healthy lifestyle, increase pleasurable activities and social connections and improve long-term condition self-management. Two facilitators trained and supervised by a clinical psychologist deliver ten, 1-h group video call sessions over 6 months (approximately every fortnight), video-call 'tea breaks' (less structured, facilitated social sessions) in intervening weeks and individual goal-setting phone calls every 2 weeks. From 6 to 12 months, participants meet monthly for 'tea breaks', with those not attending receiving monthly goal-setting phone calls. Participants receive a food delivery, pedometer and website access to cognitive training and information about lifestyle modification. Follow-ups for all outcome measures are at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is cognition (Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) score) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and wellbeing and lifestyle factors the intervention targets (diet, vascular risk, body weight, activity, sleep, anxiety, depression, social networks and loneliness, alcohol intake and smoking). Participants from purposively selected sites participate in qualitative process evaluation interviews, which will be analysed using thematic analytic methods. DISCUSSION If effective, the intervention design, involving remote delivery and non-clinical facilitators, would facilitate intervention roll-out to older people with memory concerns. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN17325135 . Registration date 27 November 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poppe
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Duffy
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - N L Marchant
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - J A Barber
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hunter
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Bass
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - A M Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Higgs
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Rapaport
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - I A Lang
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - S Morgan-Trimmer
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - J Huntley
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z Walker
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - H C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - K Ritchie
- Institut de Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Montpellier, France
| | - A Burton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Wenborn
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Betz
- Queen Mary University London, Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population Health, London, UK
| | - C Cooper
- Queen Mary University London, Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population Health, London, UK.
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13
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Mena P, Mignogna C, Tosi N, Monica E, Agulló V, Rosi A, Narduzzi L, Spigoni V, Aldigeri R, Bianchera A, Bresciani L, Balestreri E, Eletto E, Frigeri G, Musa R, Cerati P, Aloe R, Martorana D, Gil-Izquierdo A, Minihane AM, Scazzina F, Bettini R, Brighenti F, Ventura M, Acharjee A, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna R, Del Rio D. Development of an Oral (Poly)Phenol Challenge Test (Opct) to Identify Aggregate Metabotypes for Dietary (Poly)Phenols and Their Drivers: A Study Protocol. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193476 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac072.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Evidence shows that bioactive (poly)phenols are pivotal in the prevention of chronic diseases, in particular in cardiometabolic health. However, the inter-individual variability existing in their bioavailability and physiological response can impact their true efficacy. Individuals showing similar metabolic profiles for specific (poly)phenols can be clustered into phenolic metabotypes, while comprehensive phenolic metabolic profiles derived from main dietary (poly)phenols could be referred to as “aggregate phenolic metabotypes”. The main aim of the study is to identify aggregate phenolic metabotypes and the determinants related to their formation.
Methods
An intervention study is carried out on 300 healthy volunteers (18–74 y) which are asked to provide information on dietary habits, smoking, physical activity, sleeping, anthropometric measures, health status, and biological samples. Subjects undergo a standardised oral (poly)phenol challenge test consisting in an acute supplementation of several classes of dietary (poly)phenols. Urine samples collected during the following 24h are analysed through UPLC-IMS-HRMS to assess the individual urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites, allowing aggregate metabotype clustering. Blood samples are analysed to determine common cardiometabolic health biomarkers, and buffy coat processed to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) used for whole-genome genotyping. Transcriptomic signatures in PBMCs are also assessed. Gut microbiota composition will be profiled by shallow shotgun metagenomics. Cardiometabolic risk scores are also computed. Predictive models will be used to assess the determinants of inter-individual variation in (poly)phenol metabolism, providing indications in the cardiometabolic health status of each individual.
Results
Preliminary results are expected to be available for mid-2023.
Conclusions
Metabotyping according to the metabolism of the whole set of dietary (poly)phenols may thus represent a promising attempt for cardiometabolic health promotion through personalised nutrition initiatives.
Funding Sources
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
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14
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Pontifex MG, Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Harden G, Fox C, Muller M, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. DHA-Enriched Fish Oil Ameliorates Deficits in Cognition Associated with Menopause and the APOE4 Genotype in Rodents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091698. [PMID: 35565665 PMCID: PMC9103304 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Female APOE4 carriers have a greater predisposition to developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to their male counterparts, which may partly be attributed to menopause. We previously reported that a combination of menopause and APOE4 led to an exacerbation of cognitive and neurological deficits, which were associated with reduced brain DHA and DHA:AA ratio. Here, we explored whether DHA-enriched fish oil (FO) supplementation mitigated the detrimental impact of these risk factors. Whilst DHA-enriched fish oil improved recognition memory (NOR) in APOE4 VCD (4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide)-treated mice (p < 0.05), no change in spatial working memory (Y-maze) was observed. FO supplementation increased brain DHA and nervonic acid and the DHA:AA ratio. The response of key bioenergetic and blood−brain barrier related genes and proteins provided mechanistic insights into these behavioural findings, with increased BDNF protein concentration as well as mitigation of aberrant Erβ, Cldn1 and Glut-5 expression in APOE4 mice receiving fish oil supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with a physiologically relevant dose of DHA-enriched fish oil appears to offer protection against the detrimental effects of menopause, particularly in “at-risk” APOE4 female carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anneloes Martinsen
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Rasha N. M. Saleh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
- Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Michael Muller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
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15
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Pontifex MG, Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Harden G, Tejera N, Müller M, Fox C, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. APOE4 genotype exacerbates the impact of menopause on cognition and synaptic plasticity in APOE-TR mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21583. [PMID: 33891334 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002621rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sex and menopausal status in Alzheimer's disease remains understudied despite increasing evidence of greater female risk, particularly in APOE4 carriers. Utilizing female APOE-TR mice maintained on a high-fat diet background we induced ovarian failure through repeated VCD injections, to mimic human menopause. At 12 months of age, recognition memory and spatial memory were assessed using object recognition, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, and Barnes maze. A VCD*genotype interaction reduced the recognition memory (P < .05), with APOE4 VCD-treated animals unable to distinguish between novel and familiar objects. APOE4 mice displayed an additional 37% and 12% reduction in Barnes (P < .01) and Y-maze (P < .01) performance, indicative of genotype-specific spatial memory impairment. Molecular analysis indicated both VCD and genotype-related deficits in synaptic plasticity with BDNF, Akt, mTOR, and ERK signaling compromised. Subsequent reductions in the transcription factors Creb1 and Atf4 were also evident. Furthermore, the VCD*genotype interaction specifically diminished Ephb2 expression, while Fos, and Cnr1 expression reduced as a consequence of APOE4 genotype. Brain DHA levels were 13% lower in VCD-treated animals independent of genotype. Consistent with this, we detected alterations in the expression of the DHA transporters Acsl6 and Fatp4. Our results indicate that the combination of ovarian failure and APOE4 leads to an exacerbation of cognitive and neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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16
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Coughlan G, Larsen R, Kim M, White D, Gillings R, Irvine M, Scholey A, Cohen N, Legido-Quigley C, Hornberger M, Minihane AM. APOE ε4 alters associations between docosahexaenoic acid and preclinical markers of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab085. [PMID: 34007965 PMCID: PMC8112902 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid is the main long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and accounts for 30−40% of fatty acids in the grey matter of the human cortex. Although the influence of docosahexaenoic acid on memory function is widely researched, its association with brain volumes is under investigated and its association with spatial navigation is virtually unknown. This is despite the fact that spatial navigation deficits are a new cognitive fingerprint for symptomatic and asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between docosahexaenoic acid levels and the major structural and cognitive markers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, namely hippocampal volume, entorhinal volume and spatial navigation ability. Fifty-three cognitively normal adults underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, measurements of serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, including lysophosphatidylcholine DHA) and APOE ε4 genotyping. Relative regional brain volumes were calculated and linear regression models were fitted to examine DHA associations with brain volume. APOE genotype modulated serum DHA associations with entorhinal cortex volume and hippocampal volume. Linear models showed that greater serum DHA was associated with increased entorhinal cortex volume, but not hippocampal volume, in non APOΕ ε4 carriers. APOE also interacted with serum lysophosphatidylcholine DHA to predict hippocampal volume. After testing interactions between DHA and APOE on brain volume, we investigated whether DHA and APOE interact to predict spatial navigation performance on a novel virtual reality diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease in an independent population of APOE genotyped adults (n = 46). APOE genotype modulated DHA associations with spatial navigation performance, showing that DHA was inversely associated with path integration in APOE ε4 carriers only. This exploratory analysis suggests that interventions aiming to increase DHA blood levels to protect against cognitive decline should consider APOE ε4 carrier status. Future work should focus on replicating our initial findings and establishing whether a specific dose of supplementary DHA, at a particular time in the preclinical disease course can have a positive impact on Alzheimer’s disease progression in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coughlan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Min Kim
- King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
| | - David White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Irvine
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Neal Cohen
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, USA
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17
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Coughlan G, Puthusseryppady V, Lowry E, Gillings R, Spiers H, Minihane AM, Hornberger M. Test-retest reliability of spatial navigation in adults at-risk of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239077. [PMID: 32960930 PMCID: PMC7508365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Virtual Supermarket Task (VST) and Sea Hero Quest detect high-genetic-risk Alzheimer`s disease (AD). We aimed to determine their test-retest reliability in a preclinical AD population. Over two time points, separated by an 18-month period, 59 cognitively healthy individuals underwent a neuropsychological and spatial navigation assessment. At baseline, participants were classified as low-genetic-risk of AD or high-genetic-risk of AD. We calculated two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for task parameters and used repeated measures ANOVAS to determine whether genetic risk or sex contributed to test-retest variability. The egocentric parameter of the VST measure showed the highest test-retest reliability (ICC = .72), followed by the SHQ distance travelled parameter (ICC = .50). Post hoc longitudinal analysis showed that boundary-based navigation predicts worsening episodic memory concerns in high-risk (F = 5.01, P = 0.03), but in not low-risk, AD candidates. The VST and the Sea Hero Quest produced parameters with acceptable test-retest reliability. Further research in larger sample sizes is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coughlan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ellen Lowry
- Department of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Spiers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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18
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Shannon OM, Mendes I, Köchl C, Mazidi M, Ashor AW, Rubele S, Minihane AM, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Nutr 2020; 150:1151-1159. [PMID: 32027740 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelium plays a key role in the maintenance of vascular health and represents a potential physiological target for dietary and other lifestyle interventions designed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke or coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) on endothelial function. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from inception until January 2019 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) RCTs including adult participants, 2) interventions promoting the MedDiet, 3) inclusion of a control group, and 4) measurements of endothelial function. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Metaregression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify whether effects were modified by health status (i.e., healthy participants versus participants with existing comorbidities), type of intervention (i.e., MedDiet alone or with a cointervention), study duration, study design (i.e., parallel or crossover), BMI, and age of participants. RESULTS Fourteen articles reporting data for 1930 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Study duration ranged from 4 wk to 2.3 y. We observed a beneficial effect of the MedDiet on endothelial function [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.53; P <0.001; I2 = 73.68%]. MedDiet interventions improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD)-the reference method for noninvasive, clinical measurement of endothelial function-by 1.66% (absolute change; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.17; P <0.001; I2 = 0%). Effects of the MedDiet on endothelial function were not modified by health status, type of intervention, study duration, study design, BMI, or age of participants (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS MedDiet interventions improve endothelial function in adults, suggesting that the protective effects of the MedDiet are evident at early stages of the atherosclerotic process with important implications for the early prevention of CVD. This study has the PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018106188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Mendes
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Köchl
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sofia Rubele
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research & Education, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Jennings A, Berendsen AM, de Groot LCPGM, Feskens EJM, Brzozowska A, Sicinska E, Pietruszka B, Meunier N, Caumon E, Malpuech-Brugère C, Santoro A, Ostan R, Franceschi C, Gillings R, O' Neill CM, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Minihane AM, Cassidy A. Mediterranean-Style Diet Improves Systolic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. Hypertension 2019; 73:578-586. [PMID: 30636547 PMCID: PMC6380440 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. We aimed to determine the effect of a Mediterranean-style diet, tailored to meet dietary recommendations for older adults, on blood pressure and arterial stiffness. In 12 months, randomized controlled trial (NU-AGE [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe]), blood pressure was measured in 1294 healthy participants, aged 65 to 79 years, recruited from 5 European centers, and arterial stiffness in a subset of 225 participants. The intervention group received individually tailored standardized dietary advice and commercially available foods to increase adherence to a Mediterranean diet. The control group continued on their habitual diet and was provided with current national dietary guidance. In the 1142 participants who completed the trial (88.2%), after 1 year the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (−5.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, −10.7 to −0.4; P=0.03), which was evident in males (−9.2 mm Hg, P=0.02) but not females (−3.1 mm Hg, P=0.37). The −1.7 mm Hg (95% CI, −4.3 to 0.9) decrease in diastolic pressure after intervention did not reach statistical significance. In a subset (n=225), augmentation index, a measure of arterial stiffness, was improved following intervention (−12.4; 95% CI, −24.4 to −0.5; P=0.04) with no change in pulse wave velocity. The intervention also resulted in an increase in 24-hour urinary potassium (8.8 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.7–16.9; P=0.03) and in male participants (52%) a reduction in pulse pressure (−6.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, −12.0 to −0.2; P=0.04) and 24-hour urinary sodium (−27.1 mmol/L; 95% CI, −53.3 to −1.0; P=0.04). In conclusion, a Mediterranean-style diet is effective in improving cardiovascular health with clinically relevant reductions in blood pressure and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- From the Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (A.J., R.G., C.M.O., S.J.F.-T., A.-M.M., A.C.)
| | - Agnes M Berendsen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands (A.M.B., L.C.P.G.M.d.G., E.J.M.F.)
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands (A.M.B., L.C.P.G.M.d.G., E.J.M.F.)
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands (A.M.B., L.C.P.G.M.d.G., E.J.M.F.)
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Poland (A.B., E.S., B.P.)
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Poland (A.B., E.S., B.P.)
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Poland (A.B., E.S., B.P.)
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (N.M., E.C.), Centre de Recherches en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Caumon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (N.M., E.C.), Centre de Recherches en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (C.M.-B.), Centre de Recherches en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (A.S., C.F.), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (A.S., R.O.), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (A.S., R.O.), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (A.S., C.F.), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachel Gillings
- From the Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (A.J., R.G., C.M.O., S.J.F.-T., A.-M.M., A.C.)
| | - Colette M O' Neill
- From the Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (A.J., R.G., C.M.O., S.J.F.-T., A.-M.M., A.C.)
| | - Sue J Fairweather-Tait
- From the Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (A.J., R.G., C.M.O., S.J.F.-T., A.-M.M., A.C.)
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- From the Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (A.J., R.G., C.M.O., S.J.F.-T., A.-M.M., A.C.)
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- From the Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (A.J., R.G., C.M.O., S.J.F.-T., A.-M.M., A.C.)
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20
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Landberg R, Manach C, Kerckhof FM, Minihane AM, Saleh RNM, De Roos B, Tomas-Barberan F, Morand C, Van de Wiele T. Future prospects for dissecting inter-individual variability in the absorption, distribution and elimination of plant bioactives of relevance for cardiometabolic endpoints. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:21-36. [PMID: 31642982 PMCID: PMC6851035 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health-promoting potential of food-derived plant bioactive compounds is evident but not always consistent across studies. Large inter-individual variability may originate from differences in digestion, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). ADME can be modulated by age, sex, dietary habits, microbiome composition, genetic variation, drug exposure and many other factors. Within the recent COST Action POSITIVe, large-scale literature surveys were undertaken to identify the reasons and extent of inter-individual variability in ADME of selected plant bioactive compounds of importance to cardiometabolic health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the findings and suggest a framework for future studies designed to investigate the etiology of inter-individual variability in plant bioactive ADME and bioefficacy. RESULTS Few studies have reported individual data on the ADME of bioactive compounds and on determinants such as age, diet, lifestyle, health status and medication, thereby limiting a mechanistic understanding of the main drivers of variation in ADME processes observed across individuals. Metabolomics represent crucial techniques to decipher inter-individual variability and to stratify individuals according to metabotypes reflecting the intrinsic capacity to absorb and metabolize bioactive compounds. CONCLUSION A methodological framework was developed to decipher how the contribution from genetic variants or microbiome variants to ADME of bioactive compounds can be predicted. Future study design should include (1) a larger number of study participants, (2) individual and full profiling of all possible determinants of internal exposure, (3) the presentation of individual ADME data and (4) incorporation of omics platforms, such as genomics, microbiomics and metabolomics in ADME and efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Rasha Noureldin M Saleh
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Baukje De Roos
- University of Aberdeen, the Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Francisco Tomas-Barberan
- Food and Health Laboratory, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Shannon OM, Stephan BCM, Granic A, Lentjes M, Hayat S, Mulligan A, Brayne C, Khaw KT, Bundy R, Aldred S, Hornberger M, Paddick SM, Muniz-Tererra G, Minihane AM, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Mediterranean diet adherence and cognitive function in older UK adults: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:938-948. [PMID: 31204785 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mediterranean countries, adherence to a traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with better cognitive function and reduced dementia risk. It is unclear if similar benefits exist in non-Mediterranean regions. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to examine associations between MedDiet adherence and cognitive function in an older UK population and to investigate whether associations differed between individuals with high compared with low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS We conducted an analysis in 8009 older individuals with dietary data at Health Check 1 (1993-1997) and cognitive function data at Health Check 3 (2006-2011) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Associations were explored between MedDiet adherence and global and domain-specific cognitive test scores and risk of poor cognitive performance in the entire cohort, and when stratified according to CVD risk status. RESULTS Higher MedDiet adherence defined by the Pyramid MedDiet score was associated with better global cognition (β ± SE = -0.012 ± 0.002; P < 0.001), verbal episodic memory (β ± SE = -0.009 ± 0.002; P < 0.001), and simple processing speed (β ± SE = -0.002 ± 0.001; P = 0.013). Lower risk of poor verbal episodic memory (OR: 0.784; 95% CI: 0.641, 0.959; P = 0.018), complex processing speed (OR: 0.739; 95% CI: 0.601, 0.907; P = 0.004), and prospective memory (OR: 0.841; 95% CI: 0.724, 0.977; P = 0.023) was also observed for the highest compared with the lowest Pyramid MedDiet tertiles. The effect of a 1-point increase in Pyramid score on global cognitive function was equivalent to 1.7 fewer years of cognitive aging. MedDiet adherence defined by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score (mapped through the use of both binary and continuous scoring) showed similar, albeit less consistent, associations. In stratified analyses, associations were evident in individuals at higher CVD risk only (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of poor cognition in older UK adults. This evidence underpins the development of interventions to enhance MedDiet adherence, particularly in individuals at higher CVD risk, aiming to reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline in non-Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Health and Society and Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- Institute of Health and Society and Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen Lentjes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Medical Sciences and Health, Örebro University, Campus USÖ, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mulligan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rafe Bundy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Muniz-Tererra
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Curtis PJ, van der Velpen V, Berends L, Jennings A, Feelisch M, Umpleby AM, Evans M, Fernandez BO, Meiss MS, Minnion M, Potter J, Minihane AM, Kay CD, Rimm EB, Cassidy A. Blueberries improve biomarkers of cardiometabolic function in participants with metabolic syndrome-results from a 6-month, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1535-1545. [PMID: 31136659 PMCID: PMC6537945 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanin-rich blueberry intake is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in prospective studies, although long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been conducted in at-risk populations. OBJECTIVE In the longest-duration RCT to date, we examined the effect of 6-mo blueberry intake on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic function in metabolic syndrome. METHODS A double-blind, parallel RCT (n = 115; age 63 ± 7 y; 68% male; body mass index 31.2 ± 3.0 kg/m2) was conducted, which fed 2 dietarily achievable blueberry intakes [equivalent to 1/2 and 1 cup/d (75/150 g)] compared with matched placebo. Insulin resistance was assessed via the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (primary endpoint) and confirmed by [6-6-2H2]-glucose-labeled, 2-step hyperinsulinemic clamp (n = 20). Clinically relevant cardiometabolic endpoints [including flow-mediated dilatation, augmentation index, lipoprotein status (by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and nitric oxide (NO)-related metabolite assay] and anthocyanin metabolism were assessed. RESULTS A daily intake of 1 cup of blueberries improved endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation: +1.45%; 95% CI: 0.83%, 2.1%; P = 0.003), systemic arterial stiffness (augmentation index: -2.24%; 95% CI: -3.97%, -0.61%; P = 0.04) and attenuated cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations. In statin nonusers (n = 71), elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.08 mmol/L; P = 0.03), high-density lipoprotein particle density (+0.48n, ×10-6; P = 0.002) and apolipoprotein A-I (+0.05 g/L; P = 0.01) concentrations were observed following the 1-cup/d intervention. Treatment compliance was 94.1% (wrapper returns) and total concentrations of anthocyanin-derived phenolic acid metabolites significantly increased, dose-dependently, in serum and 24-h urine (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Insulin resistance, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, NO, and overall plasma thiol status were unaffected. Likewise, a half cup per day had no effect on any biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Despite insulin resistance remaining unchanged we show, to our knowledge, the first sustained improvements in vascular function, lipid status, and underlying NO bioactivity following 1 cup blueberries/d. With effect sizes predictive of 12-15% reductions in CVD risk, blueberries should be included in dietary strategies to reduce individual and population CVD risk. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02035592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Curtis
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Vera van der Velpen
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Berends
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jennings
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A Margot Umpleby
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Evans
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mia S Meiss
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Potter
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Kay
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology & Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to AC (e-mail: )
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Tran TTT, Corsini S, Kellingray L, Hegarty C, Le Gall G, Narbad A, Müller M, Tejera N, O'Toole PW, Minihane AM, Vauzour D. APOE genotype influences the gut microbiome structure and function in humans and mice: relevance for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. FASEB J 2019; 33:8221-8231. [PMID: 30958695 PMCID: PMC6593891 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900071r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the strongest prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous studies have provided insights into the pathologic mechanisms. However, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of APOE genotype on microflora speciation and metabolism is completely lacking. In this study, we investigated the association between APOE genotype and the gut microbiome composition in human and APOE-targeted replacement (TR) transgenic mice. Fecal microbiota amplicon sequencing from matched individuals with different APOE genotypes revealed no significant differences in overall microbiota diversity in group-aggregated human APOE genotypes. However, several bacterial taxa showed significantly different relative abundance between APOE genotypes. Notably, we detected an association of Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae and several butyrate-producing genera abundances with APOE genotypes. These findings were confirmed by comparing the gut microbiota of APOE-TR mice. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis of murine fecal water detected significant differences in microbe-associated amino acids and short-chain fatty acids between APOE genotypes. Together, these findings indicate that APOE genotype is associated with specific gut microbiome profiles in both humans and APOE-TR mice. This suggests that the gut microbiome is worth further investigation as a potential target to mitigate the deleterious impact of the APOE4 allele on cognitive decline and the prevention of AD.-Tran, T. T. T., Corsini, S., Kellingray, L., Hegarty, C., Le Gall, G., Narbad, A., Müller, M., Tejera, N., O'Toole, P. W., Minihane, A.-M., Vauzour, D. APOE genotype influences the gut microbiome structure and function in humans and mice: relevance for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T T Tran
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simone Corsini
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lee Kellingray
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hegarty
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and
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24
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Irvine MA, Scholey A, King R, Gillings R, Vauzour D, Demichele SJ, Das T, Wesnes KA, Sutton BP, Cassidy A, Pipingas A, Potter JF, Johnson G, White D, Larsen R, Cohen NJ, Minihane AM. The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis (CANN) trial: Design and progress. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2018; 4:591-601. [PMID: 30426067 PMCID: PMC6222033 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis trial hypothesizes that a combined intervention with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) and cocoa flavan-3-ols (FLAV) will mitigate the cognitive decline anticipated to naturally occur over 1 year in older adults. Methods In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel design, 259 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective memory impairment were randomized to a control or n-3 FLAV group (1.5 g docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid and 500 mg n-3 FLAV daily) for 12 months. Cognition was measured at 0, 3, and 12 months. The primary end-point is hippocampus-sensitive cognitive function (e.g., number of false-positives on the Picture Recognition Task of the Cognitive Drug Research test battery). Secondary outcomes include additional cognitive measures, brain atrophy and blood flow (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging), vascular function, circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular and cognitive health, gut microflora, red blood cell fatty acid status, and urine flavan-3-ol metabolites. Results Screening began in 2015, with all baseline visits completed in March 2017. The intervention was finished in March 2018. Discussion Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis aims to identify an effective diet-based intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in cognitively at-risk individuals, which could ultimately contribute to a reduced population burden of dementia. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02525198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Irvine
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca King
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen J Demichele
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tapas Das
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Brad P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbane, IL, USA.,Centre for Nutrition Learning and Memory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbane, IL, USA
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - John F Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Glyn Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbane, IL, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Shannon OM, Stephan BCM, Minihane AM, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Nitric Oxide Boosting Effects of the Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Mechanism of Action. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:902-904. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK
- Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
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Vauzour D, Camprubi-Robles M, Miquel-Kergoat S, Andres-Lacueva C, Bánáti D, Barberger-Gateau P, Bowman GL, Caberlotto L, Clarke R, Hogervorst E, Kiliaan AJ, Lucca U, Manach C, Minihane AM, Mitchell ES, Perneczky R, Perry H, Roussel AM, Schuermans J, Sijben J, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, van de Rest O, Vandewoude M, Wesnes K, Williams RJ, Williams RSB, Ramirez M. Nutrition for the ageing brain: Towards evidence for an optimal diet. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:222-240. [PMID: 27713095 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As people age they become increasingly susceptible to chronic and extremely debilitating brain diseases. The precise cause of the neuronal degeneration underlying these disorders, and indeed normal brain ageing remains however elusive. Considering the limits of existing preventive methods, there is a desire to develop effective and safe strategies. Growing preclinical and clinical research in healthy individuals or at the early stage of cognitive decline has demonstrated the beneficial impact of nutrition on cognitive functions. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). The latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive ageing are presented. Furthermore, several key points related to mechanisms contributing to brain ageing, pathological conditions affecting brain function, and brain biomarkers are also discussed. Overall, findings are inconsistent and fragmented and more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and to establish dose-response relationships for optimal brain maintenance in different population subgroups. Such approaches are likely to provide the necessary evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform about new dietary recommendations on how to prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Camprubi-Robles
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gene L Bowman
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Caberlotto
- The Microsoft Research-University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford University, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Asby Road, LE11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Lucca
- IRCCS-Instituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Perneczky
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Perry
- University of Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Roussel
- Joseph Fourier University, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Jeroen Schuermans
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advances Medical Nutrition, P.O. Box 80141, 3508TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 217, RG6 6AH Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Ltd., Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin S B Williams
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ramirez
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
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Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The role of metabolism (and the microbiome) in defining the clinical efficacy of dietary flavonoids. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:10-22. [PMID: 27881391 PMCID: PMC5183723 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
At a population level, there is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on health. However, there is extensive heterogeneity in the response to increased intake, which is likely mediated via wide interindividual variability in flavonoid absorption and metabolism. Flavonoids are extensively metabolized by phase I and phase II metabolism (which occur predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and liver) and colonic microbial metabolism. A number of factors, including age, sex, and genotype, may affect these metabolic processes. In addition, food composition and flavonoid source are likely to affect bioavailability, and emerging data suggest a critical role for the microbiome. This review will focus on the current knowledge for the main subclasses of flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones, for which there is growing evidence from prospective studies of beneficial effects on health. The identification of key factors that govern metabolism and an understanding of how the differential capacity to metabolize these bioactive compounds affect health outcomes will help establish how to optimize intakes of flavonoids for health benefits and in specific subgroups. We identify research areas that need to be addressed to further understand important determinants of flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism and to advance the knowledge base that is required to move toward the development of dietary guidelines and recommendations for flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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28
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Hazim S, Curtis PJ, Schär MY, Ostertag LM, Kay CD, Minihane AM, Cassidy A. Acute benefits of the microbial-derived isoflavone metabolite equol on arterial stiffness in men prospectively recruited according to equol producer phenotype: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:694-702. [PMID: 26843154 PMCID: PMC4763500 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.125690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is much speculation with regard to the potential cardioprotective benefits of equol, a microbial-derived metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein, which is produced in the large intestine after soy intake in 30% of Western populations. Although cross-sectional and retrospective data support favorable associations between the equol producer (EP) phenotype and cardiometabolic health, few studies have prospectively recruited EPs to confirm this association. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine whether the acute vascular benefits of isoflavones differ according to EP phenotype and subsequently investigate the effect of providing commercially produced S-(-)equol to non-EPs. DESIGN We prospectively recruited male EPs and non-EPs (n = 14/group) at moderate cardiovascular risk into a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to examine the acute effects of soy isoflavones (80-mg aglycone equivalents) on arterial stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV)], blood pressure, endothelial function (measured by using the EndoPAT 2000; Itamar Medical), and nitric oxide at baseline (0 h) and 6 and 24 h after intake. In a separate assessment, non-EPs consumed 40 mg S-(-)equol with identical vascular measurements performed 2 h after intake. RESULTS After soy intake, cfPWV significantly improved in EPs at 24 h (cfPWV change from 0 h: isoflavone, -0.2 ± 0.2 m/s; placebo, 0.6 ± 0.2 m/s; P < 0.01), which was significantly associated with plasma equol concentrations (R = -0.36, P = 0.01). No vascular effects were observed in EPs at 6 h or in non-EPs at any time point. Similarly, no benefit of commercially produced S-(-)equol was observed in non-EPs despite mean plasma equol concentrations reaching 3.2 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Acute soy intake improved cfPWV in EPs, equating to an 11-12% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease if sustained. However, a single dose of commercially produced equol had no cardiovascular benefits in non-EPs. These data suggest that the EP phenotype is critical in unlocking the vascular benefits of equol in men, and long-term trials should focus on confirming the implications of EP phenotype on cardiovascular health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hazim
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Curtis
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Y Schär
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa M Ostertag
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Kay
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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29
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Huebbe P, Dose J, Schloesser A, Campbell G, Glüer CC, Gupta Y, Ibrahim S, Minihane AM, Baines JF, Nebel A, Rimbach G. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype regulates body weight and fatty acid utilization-Studies in gene-targeted replacement mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:334-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Anke Schloesser
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Graeme Campbell
- Section Biomedical Imaging; Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging; Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Yask Gupta
- Department of Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition; Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norwich United Kingdom
| | - John F. Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; Plön Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
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Calabuig-Navarro MV, Jackson KG, Walden CM, Minihane AM, Lovegrove JA. Apolipoprotein E genotype has a modest impact on the postprandial plasma response to meals of varying fat composition in healthy men in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2014; 144:1775-80. [PMID: 25332476 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolioprotein E (APOE) genotype is reported to influence a person's fasting lipid profile and potentially the response to dietary fat manipulation. The impact of APOE genotype on the responsiveness to meals of varying fat composition is unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of meals containing 50 g of fat rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (UNSATs), or SFAs with fish oil (SFA-FO) on postprandial lipemia. METHOD A randomized, controlled, test meal study was performed in men recruited according to the APOE genotype (n = 10 APOE3/3, n = 11 APOE3/E4). RESULTS For the serum apoE response (meal × genotype interaction P = 0.038), concentrations were on average 8% lower after the UNSAT than the SFA-FO meal in APOE4 carriers (P = 0.015) only. In the genotype groups combined, there was a delay in the time to reach maximum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (mean ± SEM: 313 ± 25 vs. 266 ± 27 min) and higher maximum nonesterified fatty acid (0.73 ± 0.05 vs. 0.60 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and glucose (7.92 ± 0.22 vs. 7.25 ± 0.22 mmol/L) concentrations after the SFA than the UNSAT meal, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). In the Svedberg flotation rate 60-400 TG-rich lipoprotein fraction, meal × genotype interactions were observed for incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for the TG (P = 0.038) and apoE (P = 0.016) responses with a 58% lower apoE IAUC after the UNSAT than the SFA meal (P = 0.017) in the E4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that APOE genotype had a modest impact on the postprandial response to meals of varying fat composition in normolipidemic men. The physiologic importance of greater apoE concentrations after the SFA-rich meals in APOE4 carriers may reflect an impact on TG-rich lipoprotein clearance from the circulation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01522482.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK; and
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK; and
| | | | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK; and
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31
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Jin Y, Gordon MH, Alimbetov D, Chong MFF, George TW, Spencer JPE, Kennedy OB, Tuohy K, Minihane AM, Lovegrove JA. A novel combined biomarker including plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, and ferric reducing antioxidant power is more strongly associated with fruit and vegetable intake than the individual components. J Nutr 2014; 144:1866-72. [PMID: 25332486 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.192856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake is fraught with difficulties. Available dietary assessment methods are associated with considerable error, and the use of biomarkers offers an attractive alternative. Few studies to date have examined the use of plasma biomarkers to monitor or predict the F&V intake of volunteers consuming a wide range of intakes from both habitual F&V and manipulated diets. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that an integrated biomarker calculated from a combination of plasma vitamin C, cholesterol-adjusted carotenoid concentration and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) had more power to predict F&V intake than each individual biomarker. METHODS Data from a randomized controlled dietary intervention study [FLAVURS (Flavonoids University of Reading Study); n = 154] in which the test groups observed sequential increases of 2.3, 3.2, and 4.2 portions of F&Vs every 6 wk across an 18-wk period were used in this study. RESULTS An integrated plasma biomarker was devised that included plasma vitamin C, total cholesterol-adjusted carotenoids, and FRAP values, which better correlated with F&V intake (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) than the individual biomarkers (r = 0.33, P < 0.01; r = 0.37, P < 0.001; and r = 0.14, respectively; P = 0.099). Inclusion of urinary potassium concentration did not significantly improve the correlation. The integrated plasma biomarker predicted F&V intake more accurately than did plasma total cholesterol-adjusted carotenoid concentration, with the difference being significant at visit 2 (P < 0.001) and with a tendency to be significant at visit 1 (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Either plasma total cholesterol-adjusted carotenoid concentration or the integrated biomarker could be used to distinguish between high- and moderate-F&V consumers. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN47748735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Jin
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
| | - Michael H Gordon
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
| | - Dauren Alimbetov
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
| | - Mary F-F Chong
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
| | - Trevor W George
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
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Conway V, Allard MJ, Minihane AM, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Plourde M. Postprandial enrichment of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins with omega-3 fatty acids: lack of an interaction with apolipoprotein E genotype? Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:148. [PMID: 25227179 PMCID: PMC4177609 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that carrying the apolipoprotein (apo) E epsilon 4 (E4+) genotype disrupts omega-3 fatty acids (n - 3 PUFA) metabolism. Here we hypothesise that the postprandial clearance of n - 3 PUFA from the circulation is faster in E4+ compared to non-carriers (E4-). The objective of the study was to investigate the fasted and postprandial fatty acid (FA) profile of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions: Sf >400 (predominately chylomicron CM), Sf 60 - 400 (VLDL1), and Sf 20 - 60 (VLDL2) according to APOE genotype. METHODS Postprandial TRL fractions were obtained in 11 E4+ (ϵ3/ϵ4) and 12 E4- (ϵ3/ϵ3) male from the SATgenϵ study following high saturated fat diet + 3.45 g/d of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 8-wk. Blood samples were taken at fasting and 5-h after consuming a test-meal representative of the dietary intervention. FA were characterized by gas chromatography. RESULTS At fasting, there was a 2-fold higher ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to arachidonic acid (P = 0.046) as well as a trend towards higher relative% of EPA (P = 0.063) in the Sf >400 fraction of E4+. Total n - 3 PUFA in the Sf 60 - 400 and Sf 20 - 60 fractions were not APOE genotype dependant. At 5 h, there was a trend towards a time × genotype interaction (P = 0.081) for EPA in the Sf >400 fraction. When sub-groups were form based on the level of EPA at baseline within the Sf >400 fraction, postprandial EPA (%) was significantly reduced only in the high-EPA group. EPA at baseline significantly predicted the postprandial response in EPA only in E4+ subjects (R2 = 0.816). CONCLUSION Despite the DHA supplement contain very low levels of EPA, E4+ subjects with high EPA at fasting potentially have disrupted postprandial n - 3 PUFA metabolism after receiving a high-dose of DHA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01544855.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada.
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Minihane AM. Nutrigenetics and personalised/stratified approaches to the provision of dietary advice. Arch Public Health 2014. [PMCID: PMC4094336 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-s1-k4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014; 144:327-34. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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35
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Macready AL, George TW, Chong MF, Alimbetov DS, Jin Y, Vidal A, Spencer JPE, Kennedy OB, Tuohy KM, Minihane AM, Gordon MH, Lovegrove JA. Flavonoid-rich fruit and vegetables improve microvascular reactivity and inflammatory status in men at risk of cardiovascular disease--FLAVURS: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:479-89. [PMID: 24452238 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.074237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observed associations between increased fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, particularly those F&Vs that are rich in flavonoids, and vascular health improvements require confirmation in adequately powered randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to measure the dose-response relation between high-flavonoid (HF), low-flavonoid (LF), and habitual F&V intakes and vascular function and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indicators. DESIGN A single-blind, dose-dependent, parallel randomized controlled dietary intervention study was conducted. Male and female low-F&V consumers who had a ≥ 1.5-fold increased risk of CVD (n = 174) were randomly assigned to receive an HF F&V, an LF F&V, or a habitual diet, with HF and LF F&V amounts sequentially increasing by 2, 4, and 6 (+2, +4, and +6) portions/d every 6 wk over habitual intakes. Microvascular reactivity (laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis), arterial stiffness [pulse wave velocity, pulse wave analysis (PWA)], 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, and biomarkers of nitric oxide (NO), vascular function, and inflammation were determined at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 wk. RESULTS In men, the HF F&V diet increased endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity (P = 0.017) with +2 portions/d (at 6 wk) and reduced C-reactive protein (P = 0.001), E-selectin (P = 0.0005), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (P = 0.0468) with +4 portions/d (at 12 wk). HF F&Vs increased plasma NO (P = 0.0243) with +4 portions/d (at 12 wk) in the group as a whole. An increase in F&Vs, regardless of flavonoid content in the groups as a whole, mitigated increases in vascular stiffness measured by PWA (P = 0.0065) and reductions in NO (P = 0.0299) in the control group. CONCLUSION These data support recommendations to increase F&V intake to ≥ 6 portions daily, with additional benefit from F&Vs that are rich in flavonoids, particularly in men with an increased risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition (ALM, TWG, MFC, DSA, YJ, AV, JPES, OBK, KMT, A-MM, MHG, and JAL), and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences (ALM and JAL), University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Bhattacharya BS, Sweby PK, Minihane AM, Jackson KG, Tindall MJ. A mathematical model of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. J Theor Biol 2014; 349:150-62. [PMID: 24444765 PMCID: PMC4062966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the key constituents for maintaining the cellular membrane and thus the integrity of the cell itself. In contrast high levels of cholesterol in the blood are known to be a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. We formulate a deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equation model of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) cholesterol genetic regulatory pathway in a hepatocyte. The mathematical model includes a description of genetic transcription by SREBP-2 which is subsequently translated to mRNA leading to the formation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a main regulator of cholesterol synthesis. Cholesterol synthesis subsequently leads to the regulation of SREBP-2 via a negative feedback formulation. Parameterised with data from the literature, the model is used to understand how SREBP-2 transcription and regulation affects cellular cholesterol concentration. Model stability analysis shows that the only positive steady-state of the system exhibits purely oscillatory, damped oscillatory or monotic behaviour under certain parameter conditions. In light of our findings we postulate how cholesterol homeostasis is maintained within the cell and the advantages of our model formulation are discussed with respect to other models of genetic regulation within the literature. We formulate and analyse a nonlinear ODE model of the SREBP2 pathway. The mathematical model exhibits stable limit cycles under certain parameter conditions. Negative feedbacks in the SREBP2 pathway may help regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Our model provides a more accurate formulation of genetic regulation using nonlinear ODEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonhi S Bhattacharya
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Peter K Sweby
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AA, UK
| | - Marcus J Tindall
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AA, UK.
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256"] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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38
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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39
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256-- or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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40
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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41
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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42
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary Fat and Fatty Acid Profile Are Associated with Indices of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women Aged 18–79 Years. J Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A. Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Jane Skinner
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anna A. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Kaput J, van Ommen B, Kremer B, Priami C, Monteiro JP, Morine M, Pepping F, Diaz Z, Fenech M, He Y, Albers R, Drevon CA, Evelo CT, Hancock REW, Ijsselmuiden C, Lumey LH, Minihane AM, Muller M, Murgia C, Radonjic M, Sobral B, West KP. Consensus statement understanding health and malnutrition through a systems approach: the ENOUGH program for early life. Genes Nutr 2013; 9:378. [PMID: 24363221 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research, like most biomedical disciplines, adopted and often uses experimental approaches based on Beadle and Tatum's one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis, thereby reducing biological processes to single reactions or pathways. Systems thinking is needed to understand the complexity of health and disease processes requiring measurements of physiological processes, as well as environmental and social factors, which may alter the expression of genetic information. Analysis of physiological processes with omics technologies to assess systems' responses has only become available over the past decade and remains costly. Studies of environmental and social conditions known to alter health are often not connected to biomedical research. While these facts are widely accepted, developing and conducting comprehensive research programs for health are often beyond financial and human resources of single research groups. We propose a new research program on essential nutrients for optimal underpinning of growth and health (ENOUGH) that will use systems approaches with more comprehensive measurements and biostatistical analysis of the many biological and environmental factors that influence undernutrition. Creating a knowledge base for nutrition and health is a necessary first step toward developing solutions targeted to different populations in diverse social and physical environments for the two billion undernourished people in developed and developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kaput
- Clinical Translation Unit, Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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Rota C, Rimbach G, Minihane AM, Stoecklin E, Barella L. Dietary vitamin E modulates differential gene expression in the rat hippocampus: Potential implications for its neuroprotective properties. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 8:21-9. [PMID: 15909764 DOI: 10.1080/10284150400027123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of cell culture, animal and human epidemiological studies are suggestive of a role of vitamin E (VE) in brain function and in the prevention of neurodegeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the current investigation Affymetrix gene chip technology was utilised to establish the impact of chronic VE deficiency on hippocampal genes expression. Male albino rats were fed either a VE deficient or standard diet (60 mg/kg feed) for a period of 9 months. Rats were sacrificed, the hippocampus removed and genes expression established in individual animals. VE deficiency showed to have a strong impact on genes expression in the hippocampus. An important number of genes found to be regulated by VE was associated with hormones and hormone metabolism, nerve growth factor, apoptosis, dopaminergic neurotransmission, and clearance of amyloid-beta and advanced glycated endproducts. In particular, VE strongly affected the expression of an array of genes encoding for proteins directly or indirectly involved in the clearance of amyloid beta, changes which are consistent with a protective effect of VE on Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rota
- Hugh Sinclair Human Nutrition Unit, School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
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Jennings A, Welch AA, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Kay C, Minihane AM, Chowienczyk P, Jiang B, Cecelja M, Spector T, Macgregor A, Cassidy A. Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:781-8. [PMID: 22914551 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.042036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a high intake of some flavonoid subclasses may reduce cardiovascular disease mortality, data regarding the in vivo mechanisms of action are limited. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between habitual flavonoid intakes and direct measures of arterial stiffness, central blood pressure, and atherosclerosis. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study of 1898 women aged 18-75 y from the TwinsUK registry, intakes of total flavonoids and their subclasses (flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, polymers, flavonols, and flavones) were calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires by using an updated and extended USDA database. Direct measures of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis included central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), central diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), augmentation index, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and intima-media thickness. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, a higher anthocyanin intake was associated with significantly lower cSBP (mean ± SE: -3.0 ± 1.4 mm Hg for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1; P-trend = 0.02), MAP (-2.3 ± 1.2 mm Hg for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1; P-trend = 0.04), and PWV (-0.4 ± 0.2 m/s for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1; P-trend = 0.04), whereas a higher flavone intake was associated with a lower PWV (-0.4 ± 0.2 m/s for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1; P-trend = 0.04). Although a higher wine and berry intake was associated with a lower PWV, no associations were observed for total and other flavonoid subclasses. CONCLUSIONS These data, which include direct measures of arterial stiffness and thickness, suggest that higher intake of anthocyanins and flavones are inversely associated with lower arterial stiffness. The intakes of anthocyanins associated with these findings could be incorporated into the diet by the consumption of 1-2 portions of berries daily and are, therefore, relevant for public health strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Chong MF, George TW, Alimbetov D, Jin Y, Weech M, Macready AL, Spencer JPE, Kennedy OB, Minihane AM, Gordon MH, Lovegrove JA. Impact of the quantity and flavonoid content of fruits and vegetables on markers of intake in adults with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease: the FLAVURS trial. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:361-78. [PMID: 22476876 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited robust randomised controlled trials investigating fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in people at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist. We aimed to design and validate a dietary strategy of increasing flavonoid-rich versus flavonoid-poor F&V consumption on nutrient biomarker profile. METHODS A parallel, randomised, controlled, dose-response dietary intervention study. Participants with a CVD relative risk of 1.5 assessed by risk scores were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups: habitual (control, CT), high-flavonoid (HF) or low-flavonoid (LF) diets. While the CT group (n = 57) consumed their habitual diet throughout, the HF (n = 58) and LF (n = 59) groups sequentially increased their daily F&V intake by an additional 2, 4 and 6 portions for 6-week periods during the 18-week study. RESULTS Compliance to target numbers and types of F&V was broadly met and verified by dietary records, and plasma and urinary biomarkers. Mean (± SEM) number of F&V portions/day consumed by the HF and LF groups at baseline (3.8 ± 0.3 and 3.4 ± 0.3), 6 weeks (6.3 ± 0.4 and 5.8 ± 0.3), 12 weeks (7.0 ± 0.3 and 6.8 ± 0.3) and 18 weeks (7.6 ± 0.4 and 8.1 ± 0.4), respectively, was similar at baseline yet higher than the CT group (3.9 ± 0.3, 4.3 ± 0.3, 4.6 ± 0.4, 4.5 ± 0.3) (P = 0.015). There was a dose-dependent increase in dietary and urinary flavonoids in the HF group, with no change in other groups (P = 0.0001). Significantly higher dietary intakes of folate (P = 0.035), non-starch polysaccharides (P = 0.001), vitamin C (P = 0.0001) and carotenoids (P = 0.0001) were observed in both intervention groups compared with CT, which were broadly supported by nutrient biomarker analysis. CONCLUSIONS The success of improving nutrient profile by active encouragement of F&V intake in an intervention study implies the need for a more hands-on public health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Chong
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 266, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK
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Abstract
Although in developing countries an apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype may offer an evolutionary advantage, as it has been shown to offer protection against certain infectious disease, in Westernised societies it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and represents a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, late-onset Alzheimer's disease and other chronic disorders. ApoE is an important modulator of many stages of lipoprotein metabolism and traditionally the increased risk was attributed to higher lipid levels in E4 carriers. However, more recent evidence demonstrates the multifunctional nature of the apoE protein and the fact that the impact of genotype on disease risk may be in large part due to an impact on oxidative status or the immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of apoE. An increasing number of studies in cell lines, targeted replacement rodents and human volunteers indicate higher oxidative stress and a more pro-inflammatory state associated with the epsilon4 allele. The impact of genotype on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of apoE is the focus of the current review. Furthermore, current information on the impact of environment (diet, exercise, smoking status, alcohol) on apoE genotype-phenotype associations are discussed with a view to identifying particular lifestyle strategies that could be adapted to counteract the 'at-risk' E4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Jofre-Monseny
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Huebbe P, Schaffer S, Jofre-Monseny L, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Minihane AM, Müller WE, Eckert GP, Rimbach G. Apolipoprotein E genotype and alpha-tocopherol modulate amyloid precursor protein metabolism and cell cycle regulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:1510-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jofre-Monseny L, de Pascual-Teresa S, Plonka E, Huebbe P, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Minihane AM, Rimbach G. Differential effects of apolipoprotein E3 and E4 on markers of oxidative status in macrophages. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:864-71. [PMID: 17381973 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507669219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ApoE is secreted by macrophages at the lesion site of the atherosclerotic plaque, where it is thought to play a protective role against atherosclerosis independently of its effects on lipid metabolism. Of the three common isoforms for apoE, apoE4 is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In vitro studies have shown that recombinant apoE may act as an antioxidant in an isoform-dependent manner (E2 > E3 > E4). The oxidative status of the macrophages plays a key role in the process of atherosclerosis. In the present study the possible differential actions of apoE3 and apoE4 on several parameters of oxidative status were determined in stably transfected murine macrophages (RAW 264-7-apoE3 and - apoE4). No differences between genotypes were observed after peroxide challenge in either protection against cytotoxicity or in cell membrane oxidation, and modest differences were observed in the non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and alpha-tocopherol) in apoE3 v. apoE4 macrophages. Importantly, cells secreting apoE4 showed increased membrane oxidation under basal conditions, and produced more NO and superoxide anion radicals than the apoE3 macrophages after stimulation. The present data suggest that apoE genotype influences the oxidative status of macrophages, and this could partly contribute to the higher CVD risk observed in apoE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Jofre-Monseny
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Cardiovascular risk is determined by the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The apoE genotype represents the most-widely-studied single nucleotide polymorphism in relation to CVD risk, with >3600 publications cited in PubMed. Although originally described as a mediator of lipoprotein metabolism, the lipoprotein-independent functions of apoE are being increasingly recognised, with limited data available on the potential impact of genotype on these metabolic processes. Furthermore, although meta-analyses suggest that apoE4 carriers may have a 40-50% increased CVD risk, the associations reported in individual studies are highly heterogeneous and it is recognised that environmental factors such as smoking status and dietary fat composition influence genotype-phenotype associations. However, information is often derived from observational studies or small intervention trials in which retrospective genotyping of the cohort results in small group sizes in the rarer E2 and E4 subgroups. Either larger well-standardised intervention trials or smaller trials with prospective recruitment according to apoE genotype are needed to fully establish the impact of diet on genotype-CVD associations and to establish the potential of dietary strategies such as reduced total fat, saturated fat, or increased antioxidant intakes to counteract the increased CVD burden in apoE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Minihane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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