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Fernandez A, Monsen PJ, Platanias LC, Schiltz GE. Medicinal chemistry approaches to target the MNK-eIF4E axis in cancer. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1060-1087. [PMID: 37360400 PMCID: PMC10285747 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant translation of proteins that promote cell proliferation is an essential factor that defines oncogenic processes and cancer. The process for ribosomal translation of proteins from mRNA requires an essential initiation step which is controlled by the protein eIF4E, which binds the RNA 5'-cap and forms the eIF4F complex that subsequently translates protein. Typically, eIF4E is activated by phosphorylation on Ser209 by MNK1 and MNK2 kinases. Substantial work has shown that eIF4E and MNK1/2 are dysregulated in many cancers and this axis has therefore become an active area of interest for developing new cancer therapeutics. This review summarizes and discusses recent work to develop small molecules that target different steps in the MNK-eIF4E axis as potential cancer therapeutics. The aim of this review is to cover the breadth of different molecular approaches being taken and the medicinal chemistry basis for their optimization and testing as new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Paige J Monsen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
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2
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Mahesh P, Akshinthala P, Ankireddy AR, Katari NK, Gupta LK, Srivastava D, Jonnalagadda SB, Gundla R. Convenient synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel 1-phenylcyclopropane carboxamide derivatives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13111. [PMID: 36747540 PMCID: PMC9898299 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small, strained ring molecules of phenylcyclopropane carboxamide have rigid, defined conformations and unique electronic properties. For these reasons many groups, seek to use these subunits to form biologically active compounds. Herein we report a generally applicable approach for preparing a small cyclopropane ring containing 1-phenylcyclopropane carboxamide derivatives to a wide range of the different aromatic compounds by α-alkylation of 2-phenyl acetonitrile derivatives with 1, 2-dibromo ethane in good yields followed by the conversion of cyano group to acid group by the reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This obtained acid derivative undergoes acid amine coupling with various Methyl 2-(aminophenoxy)acetate to form 1-Phenylcyclopropane Carboxamide. These compounds possess distinct effective inhibition on the proliferation of U937, pro-monocytic, human myeloid leukaemia cell line while these compounds did not show cytotoxic activity on these cells. The structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panasa Mahesh
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502329, India
| | - Parameswari Akshinthala
- Department of Science and Humanities, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500 043, India
| | - Ashok Reddy Ankireddy
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502329, India,School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, P Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa,Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502329, India
| | - Lavleen Kumar Gupta
- Drug Discovery Division, IgYImmunologix India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500089 India
| | - Deepali Srivastava
- Drug Discovery Division, IgYImmunologix India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500089 India
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, P Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502329, India,Corresponding author.
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3
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Mazewski C, Platanias LC. MNK Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:283-295. [PMID: 37113687 PMCID: PMC10128080 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s370874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In leukemia, resistance to therapy is a major concern for survival. MAPK-interacting kinases (MNKs) have been identified as important activators of oncogenic-related signaling and may be mediators of resistance. Recent studies in leukemia models, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML), have focused on targeting MNKs together with other inhibitors or treating chemotherapy-resistant cells with MNK inhibitors. The preclinical demonstrations of the efficacy of MNK inhibitors in these combination formats would suggest a promising potential for use in clinical trials. Optimizing MNK inhibitors and testing in leukemia models is actively being pursued and may have important implications for the future. These studies are furthering the understanding of the mechanisms of MNKs in cancer which could translate to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Correspondence: Candice Mazewski; Leonidas C Platanias, Email ;
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Han Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Li B, Xing K, Shi Y, Cao H, Zhang J, Tong T, Zang J, Guan L, Gao X, Wang Y, Liu D, Huang M, Jing Y, Zhao L. Optimization of 4,6-Disubstituted Pyrido[3,2- d]pyrimidines as Dual MNK/PIM Inhibitors to Inhibit Leukemia Cell Growth. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13719-13735. [PMID: 34515481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) and provirus integration in maloney murine leukemia virus kinases (PIMs) are downstream enzymes of cell proliferation signaling pathways associated with the resistance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MNKs and PIMs have complementary effects to regulate cap-dependent translation of oncoproteins. Dual inhibitors of MNKs and PIMs have not been developed. We developed a novel 4,6-disubstituted pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine compound 21o with selective inhibition of MNKs and PIMs. The IC50's of 21o to inhibit MNK1 and MNK2 are 1 and 7 nM and those to inhibit PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 are 43, 232, and 774 nM, respectively. 21o inhibits the growth of myeloid leukemia K562 and MOLM-13 cells with GI50's of 2.1 and 1.2 μM, respectively. 21o decreases the levels of p-eIF4E and p-4EBP1, the downstream products of MNKs and PIMs, as well as cap-dependent proteins c-myc, cyclin D1, and Mcl-1. 21o inhibits the growth of MOLM-13 cell xenografts without causing evident toxicity. 21o represents an innovative dual MNK/PIM inhibitor with a good pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuntao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Xu W, Kannan S, Verma CS, Nacro K. Update on the Development of MNK Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 65:983-1007. [PMID: 34533957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1/2) represent a central class of enzymes that are activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. MNK1 and MNK2 coordinate cellular signaling, control production of inflammatory chemokines, and regulate cell proliferation and survival. MNK1/2 are referred to as serine/threonine kinases as they phosphorylate serine or threonine residues on their substrates. Upon activation, MNK1/2 phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) at Ser209, which in turn initiates ribosome assembly and protein translation. Deleterious overexpression of MNK1/2 and/or eIF4E have been reported in several diseases including cancers, neurological disorders, autism, and inflammation. Recently, there have been intense efforts toward the development of potent and selective inhibitors of MNK1/2 in both academia and industry. Herein, we review the current understanding of the structural and biological aspects of MNK1/2 and provide an update of pharmacological inhibitors of MNK1/2 including candidates in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xu
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #05-01, 138670, Singapore
| | | | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #05-01, 138670, Singapore
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6
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Jin X, Yu R, Wang X, Proud CG, Jiang T. Progress in developing MNK inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113420. [PMID: 33892273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MNKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting protein kinases) phosphorylate eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E) at serine 209; eIF4E plays an important role in the translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs, all of which possess a 5' 'cap' structure to which eIF4E binds. Elevated levels of eIF4E, p-eIF4E and/or the MNK protein kinases have been found in many types of cancer, including solid tumors and leukemia. MNKs also play a role in metabolic disease. Regulation of the activities of MNKs (MNK1 and MNK2), control the phosphorylation of eIF4E, which in turn has a close relationship with the processes of tumor development, cell migration and invasion, and energy metabolism. MNK knock-out mice display no adverse effects on normal cells or phenotypes suggesting that MNK may be a potentially safe targets for the treatment of various cancers. Several MNK inhibitors or 'degraders' have been identified. Initially, some of the inhibitors were developed from natural products or based on other protein kinase inhibitors which inhibit multiple kinases. Subsequently, more potent and selective inhibitors for MNK1/2 have been designed and synthesized. Currently, three inhibitors (BAY1143269, eFT508 and ETC-206) are in various stages of clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancers or leukemia, either alone or combined with inhibitors of other protein kinase. In this review, we summarize the diverse MNK inhibitors that have been reported in patents and other literature, including those with activities in vitro and/or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Sandeman LY, Kang WX, Wang X, Jensen KB, Wong D, Bo T, Gao L, Zhao J, Byrne CD, Page AJ, Proud CG. Disabling MNK protein kinases promotes oxidative metabolism and protects against diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101054. [PMID: 32712434 PMCID: PMC7476876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diet-driven obesity is increasingly widespread. Its consequences pose major challenges to human health and health care systems. There are MAP kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) in mice, MNK1 and MNK2. Studies have demonstrated that mice lacking either MNK1 or MNK2 were partially protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the phenotype of mice lacking both MNKs when given an HFD, to assess whether pharmacological inhibition of MNK function also protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its consequences and to probe the mechanisms underlying such protection. Methods Male wild-type (WT) C57Bl6 mice or mice lacking both MNK1 and MNK2 (double knockout, DKO) were fed an HFD or control diet (CD) for up to 16 weeks. In a separate study, WT mice were also given an HFD for 6 weeks, after which half were treated with the recently-developed MNK inhibitor ETC-206 daily for 10 more weeks while continuing an HFD. Metabolites and other parameters were measured, and the expression of selected mRNAs and proteins was assessed. Results MNK-DKO mice were almost completely protected from HFD-induced obesity. Higher energy expenditure (EE) in MNK-DKO mice was observed, which probably reflects the changes in a number of genes or proteins linked to lipolysis, mitochondrial function/biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and/or ATP consumption. The MNK inhibitor ETC-206 also prevented HFD-induced weight gain, confirming that the activity of the MNKs facilitates weight gain due to excessive caloric consumption. Conclusions Disabling MNKs in mice, either genetically or pharmacologically, strongly prevents weight gain on a calorie-rich diet. This finding likely results from increased energy utilisation, involving greater ATP consumption, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and other processes. Knockout of MNK1/MNK2 protects mice against diet-induced obesity. MNK1/2 DKO mice have higher energy expenditure. MNK1/2 DKO increases the expression of genes of lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of MNKs has similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y Sandeman
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Wan Xian Kang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kirk B Jensen
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Derick Wong
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tao Bo
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Page
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Prabhu SA, Moussa O, Miller WH, del Rincón SV. The MNK1/2-eIF4E Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4055. [PMID: 32517051 PMCID: PMC7312468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in the pigment-producing cells of the body known as melanocytes. Most genetic aberrations in melanoma result in hyperactivation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. We and others have shown that a specific protein synthesis pathway known as the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis is often dysregulated in cancer. The MNK1/2-eIF4E axis is a point of convergence for these signaling pathways that are commonly constitutively activated in melanoma. In this review we consider the functional implications of aberrant mRNA translation in melanoma and other malignancies. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis on the tumor and tumor-associated cells, and we provide important avenues for the utilization of this treatment modality in combination with other targeted and immune-based therapies. The past decade has seen the increased development of selective inhibitors to block the action of the MNK1/2-eIF4E pathway, which are predicted to be an effective therapy regardless of the melanoma subtype (e.g., cutaneous, acral, and mucosal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyen A. Prabhu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Omar Moussa
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer (MCTRC), McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 1980 Sherbrooke Ouest, #1101, Montreal, QC H3H 1E8, Canada
| | - Sonia V. del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer (MCTRC), McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Pinto-Díez C, Ferreras-Martín R, Carrión-Marchante R, González VM, Martín ME. Deeping in the Role of the MAP-Kinases Interacting Kinases (MNKs) in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082967. [PMID: 32340135 PMCID: PMC7215568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are involved in oncogenic transformation and can promote metastasis and tumor progression. In human cells, there are four MNKs isoforms (MNK1a/b and MNK2a/b), derived from two genes by alternative splicing. These kinases play an important role controlling the expression of specific proteins involved in cell cycle, cell survival and cell motility via eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) regulation, but also through other substrates such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor and Sprouty 2. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of MNK in human cancers, describing the studies conducted to date to elucidate the mechanism involved in the action of MNKs, as well as the development of MNK inhibitors in different hematological cancers and solid tumors.
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10
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Kwiatkowski J, Liu B, Pang S, Ahmad NHB, Wang G, Poulsen A, Yang H, Poh YR, Tee DHY, Ong E, Retna P, Dinie N, Kwek P, Wee JLK, Manoharan V, Low CB, Seah PG, Pendharkar V, Sangthongpitag K, Joy J, Baburajendran N, Jansson AE, Nacro K, Hill J, Keller TH, Hung AW. Stepwise Evolution of Fragment Hits against MAPK Interacting Kinases 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2020; 63:621-637. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiatkowski
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Boping Liu
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Shermaine Pang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Nur Huda Binte Ahmad
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Gang Wang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Anders Poulsen
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Yong Rui Poh
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Doris Hui Ying Tee
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Esther Ong
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Priya Retna
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Nurul Dinie
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Perlyn Kwek
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - John Liang Kuan Wee
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Vithya Manoharan
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Choon Bing Low
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Peck Gee Seah
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Vishal Pendharkar
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Kanda Sangthongpitag
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Joma Joy
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Nithya Baburajendran
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Anna Elisabet Jansson
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Thomas H. Keller
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Alvin W. Hung
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
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11
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Xie J, Merrett JE, Jensen KB, Proud CG. The MAP kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) as targets in oncology. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:187-199. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1571043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James E. Merrett
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kirk B. Jensen
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Proud
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Yang H, Chennamaneni LR, Ho MWT, Ang SH, Tan ESW, Jeyaraj DA, Yeap YS, Liu B, Ong EH, Joy JK, Wee JLK, Kwek P, Retna P, Dinie N, Nguyen TTH, Tai SJ, Manoharan V, Pendharkar V, Low CB, Chew YS, Vuddagiri S, Sangthongpitag K, Choong ML, Lee MA, Kannan S, Verma CS, Poulsen A, Lim S, Chuah C, Ong TS, Hill J, Matter A, Nacro K. Optimization of Selective Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Interacting Kinases 1 and 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Blast Crisis Leukemia. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4348-4369. [PMID: 29683667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease caused by bcr-abl1, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase fusion gene responsible for an abnormal proliferation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Inhibition of BCR-ABL1 kinase activity offers long-term relief to CML patients. However, for a proportion of them, BCR-ABL1 inhibition will become ineffective at treating the disease, and CML will progress to blast crisis (BC) CML with poor prognosis. BC-CML is often associated with excessive phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which renders LSCs capable of proliferating via self-renewal, oblivious to BCR-ABL1 inhibition. In vivo, eIF4E is exclusively phosphorylated on Ser209 by MNK1/2. Consequently, a selective inhibitor of MNK1/2 should reduce the level of phosphorylated eIF4E and re-sensitize LSCs to BCR-ABL1 inhibition, thus hindering the proliferation of BC LSCs. We report herein the structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic properties of a selective MNK1/2 inhibitor clinical candidate, ETC-206, which in combination with dasatinib prevents BC-CML LSC self-renewal in vitro and enhances dasatinib antitumor activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Lohitha Rao Chennamaneni
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), A*STAR , 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01 , 138665 Singapore
| | - Melvyn Wai Tuck Ho
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Shi Hua Ang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Eldwin Sum Wai Tan
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | | | - Yoon Sheng Yeap
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Boping Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Esther Hq Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Joma Kanikadu Joy
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - John Liang Kuan Wee
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Perlyn Kwek
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Priya Retna
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Nurul Dinie
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Thuy Thi Hanh Nguyen
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Shi Jing Tai
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Vithya Manoharan
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Vishal Pendharkar
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Choon Bing Low
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Chew
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Susmitha Vuddagiri
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Kanda Sangthongpitag
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Meng Ling Choong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - May Ann Lee
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | | | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII) , A*STAR , 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix , 138671 Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , 637551 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4 , 117543 Singapore
| | - Anders Poulsen
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Sharon Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School , 8 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Charles Chuah
- Duke-NUS Medical School , 8 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Tiong Sin Ong
- Duke-NUS Medical School , 8 College Road , 169857 Singapore.,Department of Medicine , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Alex Matter
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) , A*STAR , 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #03-01 , 138669 Singapore
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13
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Reich SH, Sprengeler PA, Chiang GG, Appleman JR, Chen J, Clarine J, Eam B, Ernst JT, Han Q, Goel VK, Han EZR, Huang V, Hung INJ, Jemison A, Jessen KA, Molter J, Murphy D, Neal M, Parker GS, Shaghafi M, Sperry S, Staunton J, Stumpf CR, Thompson PA, Tran C, Webber SE, Wegerski CJ, Zheng H, Webster KR. Structure-based Design of Pyridone-Aminal eFT508 Targeting Dysregulated Translation by Selective Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Interacting Kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1/2) Inhibition. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29526098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated translation of mRNA plays a major role in tumorigenesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinases (MNK)1/2 are key regulators of mRNA translation integrating signals from oncogenic and immune signaling pathways through phosphorylation of eIF4E and other mRNA binding proteins. Modulation of these key effector proteins regulates mRNA, which controls tumor/stromal cell signaling. Compound 23 (eFT508), an exquisitely selective, potent dual MNK1/2 inhibitor, was designed to assess the potential for control of oncogene signaling at the level of mRNA translation. The crystal structure-guided design leverages stereoelectronic interactions unique to MNK culminating in a novel pyridone-aminal structure described for the first time in the kinase literature. Compound 23 has potent in vivo antitumor activity in models of diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma and solid tumors, suggesting that controlling dysregulated translation has real therapeutic potential. Compound 23 is currently being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical trials in solid tumors and lymphoma. Compound 23 is the first highly selective dual MNK inhibitor targeting dysregulated translation being assessed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried H Reich
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Paul A Sprengeler
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Gary G Chiang
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - James R Appleman
- Primmune Therapeutics, Inc. , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Joan Chen
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Jeff Clarine
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Boreth Eam
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Justin T Ernst
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Qing Han
- Structure-Based Design, Inc. , 6048 Cornerstone Court West #D , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Vikas K Goel
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Edward Z R Han
- Structure-Based Design, Inc. , 6048 Cornerstone Court West #D , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Vera Huang
- Molecular Stethoscope , 10835 Road to the Cure #100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Ivy N J Hung
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Adrianna Jemison
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Katti A Jessen
- Oncternal Therapeutics , 3525 Del Mar Heights Road #821 , San Diego , California 92130 , United States
| | - Jolene Molter
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Douglas Murphy
- Molcentrics, Inc. , 11835 Carmel Mountain Road #1304-110 , San Diego , California 92128 , United States
| | - Melissa Neal
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Gregory S Parker
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Michael Shaghafi
- Abide Therapeutics , 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 250 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Samuel Sperry
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Jocelyn Staunton
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Craig R Stumpf
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Peggy A Thompson
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Chinh Tran
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Stephen E Webber
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals , 9373 Towne Centre Drive #150 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Christopher J Wegerski
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Hong Zheng
- Structure-Based Design, Inc. , 6048 Cornerstone Court West #D , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Kevin R Webster
- eFFECTOR Therapeutics , 11180 Roselle Street , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
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14
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Kannan S, Pradhan MR, Cherian J, Joseph TL, Poh ZY, Hai Yan Y, Melvyn H, Boping L, Jeffrey H, Nacro K, Verma CS. Small Molecules Targeting the Inactive Form of the Mnk1/2 Kinases. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7881-7891. [PMID: 30023565 PMCID: PMC6045392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is linked to a variety of cancers. Both mitogen-activated protein kinases-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (Mnk1/2) activate the oncogene eIF4E through posttranslational modification (phosphorylating it at the conserved Ser209). Inhibition of Mnk prevents eIF4E phosphorylation, making the Mnk-eIF4E axis a potential therapeutic target for oncology. Recently, the design and synthesis of a series of novel potent compounds inhibiting the Mnk1/2 kinases were carried out in-house. Here, we describe computational models of the interactions between Mnk1/2 kinases and these inhibitors. Molecular modeling combined with free energy calculations show that these compounds bind to the inactive forms of the kinases. All compounds adopt similar conformations in the catalytic sites of both kinases, stabilized by hydrogen bonds with the hinge regions and with the catalytic Lys78 (Mnk1) and Lys113 (Mnk2). These hydrogen bond interactions clearly play a critical role in determining the conformational stability and potency of the compounds. We also find that van der Waals interactions with an allosteric pocket are key to their binding and potency. Two distinct hydration sites that appear to further stabilize the ligand binding/interactions were observed. Critically, the inclusion of explicit water molecules in the calculations results in improving the agreement between calculated and experimental binding free energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics
Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- E-mail: . Phone: +65 6478 8353. Fax: +65 6478 9048 (S.K.)
| | - Mohan R. Pradhan
- Bioinformatics
Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Joseph Cherian
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Thomas L. Joseph
- Bioinformatics
Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Zhi Ying Poh
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Yang Hai Yan
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Ho Melvyn
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Liu Boping
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Hill Jeffrey
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental
Therapeutics Centre (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Street, #03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics
Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, 60 Nanyang
Drive, 637551, Singapore
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 14 Science
Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- E-mail: . Phone: +65 6478 8273. Fax: +65 6478 9048 (C.S.V.)
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15
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Mencia-Trinchant N, Hu Y, Alas MA, Ali F, Wouters BJ, Lee S, Ritchie EK, Desai P, Guzman ML, Roboz GJ, Hassane DC. Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Massively Multiplex Digital PCR in Patients with NPM1 Mutations. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:537-548. [PMID: 28525762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of minimal residual disease (MRD) is widely recognized as a powerful predictor of therapeutic outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but methods of measurement and quantification of MRD in AML are not yet standardized in clinical practice. There is an urgent, unmet need for robust and sensitive assays that can be readily adopted as real-time tools for disease monitoring. NPM1 frameshift mutations are an established MRD marker present in half of patients with cytogenetically normal AML. However, detection is complicated by the existence of hundreds of potential frameshift insertions, clonal heterogeneity, and absence of sequence information when the NPM1 mutation is identified using capillary electrophoresis. Thus, some patients are ineligible for NPM1 MRD monitoring. Furthermore, a subset of patients with NPM1-mutated AML will have false-negative MRD results because of clonal evolution. To simplify and improve MRD testing for NPM1, we present a novel digital PCR technique composed of massively multiplex pools of insertion-specific primers that selectively detect mutated but not wild-type NPM1. By measuring reaction end points using digital PCR technology, the resulting single assay enables sensitive and specific quantification of most NPM1 exon 12 mutations in a manner that is robust to clonal heterogeneity, does not require NPM1 sequence information, and obviates the need for maintenance of hundreds of type-specific assays and associated plasmid standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Mencia-Trinchant
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Yang Hu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Maria Antonina Alas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Fatima Ali
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Bas J Wouters
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ellen K Ritchie
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Pinkal Desai
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Gail J Roboz
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Duane C Hassane
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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