1
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Leahy C, Osborne N, Shirota L, Rote P, Lee YK, Song BJ, Yin L, Zhang Y, Garcia V, Hardwick JP. The fatty acid omega hydroxylase genes (CYP4 family) in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An RNA sequence database analysis and review. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116241. [PMID: 38697309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid omega hydroxylase P450s consist of enzymes that hydroxylate various chain-length saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and bioactive eicosanoid lipids. The human cytochrome P450 gene 4 family (CYP4) consists of 12 members that are associated with several human diseases. However, their role in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) remains largely unknown. It has long been thought that the induction of CYP4 family P450 during fasting and starvation prevents FA-related lipotoxicity through FA metabolism to dicarboxylic acids that are chain-shortened in peroxisomes and then transported to the mitochondria for complete oxidation. Several studies have revealed that peroxisome succinate transported to the mitochondria is used for gluconeogenesis during fasting and starvation, and recent evidence suggests that peroxisome acetate can be utilized for lipogenesis and lipid droplet formation as well as epigenetic modification of gene transcription. In addition, omega hydroxylation of the bioactive eicosanoid arachidonic acid to 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is essential for activating the GPR75 receptor, leading to vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. Several mouse models of diet-induced MASLD have revealed the induction of selective CYP4A members and the suppression of CYP4F during steatosis and steatohepatitis, suggesting a critical metabolic role in the progression of fatty liver disease. Thus, to further investigate the functional roles of CYP4 genes, we analyzed the differential gene expression of 12 members of CYP4 gene family in datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) from patients with steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We also observed the differential expression of various CYP4 genes in the progression of MASLD, indicating that different CYP4 members may have unique functional roles in the metabolism of specific FAs and eicosanoids at various stages of fatty liver disease. These results suggest that targeting selective members of the CYP4A family is a viable therapeutic approach for treating and managing MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Leahy
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Nicholas Osborne
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Leticia Shirota
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Paula Rote
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yoon-Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road Science Building, Rm. 530, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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2
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Jia H, Brixius B, Bocianoski C, Ray S, Koes DR, Brixius-Anderko S. Deciphering the Role of Fatty Acid-Metabolizing CYP4F11 in Lung Cancer and Its Potential As a Drug Target. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:69-79. [PMID: 37973374 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. We found that the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP4F11 is significantly overexpressed in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. CYP4F11 is a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase and catalyzes the production of the lipid mediator 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid. 20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer. Inhibition of 20-HETE-generating cytochrome P450 enzymes has been implicated as novel cancer therapy for more than a decade. However, the exact role of CYP4F11 and its potential as drug target for lung cancer therapy has not been established yet. Thus, we performed a transient knockdown of CYP4F11 in the lung cancer cell line NCI-H460. Knockdown of CYP4F11 significantly inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation and migration while the 20-HETE production is significantly reduced. For biochemical characterization of CYP4F11-inhibitor interactions, we generated recombinant human CYP4F11. Spectroscopic ligand binding assays were conducted to evaluate CYP4F11 binding to the unselective CYP4A/F inhibitor HET0016. HET0016 shows high affinity to recombinant CYP4F11 and inhibits CYP4F11-mediated 20-HETE production in vitro with a nanomolar IC 50 Cross evaluation of HET0016 in NCI-H460 cells shows that lung cancer cell proliferation is significantly reduced together with 20-HETE production. However, HET0016 also displays antiproliferative effects that are not 20-HETE mediated. Future studies aim to establish the role of CYP4F11 in lung cancer and the underlying mechanism and investigate the potential of CYP4F11 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lung cancer is a deadly cancer with limited treatment options. Cytochrome P450 4F11 (CYP4F11) is significantly upregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Knockdown of CYP4F11 in a lung cancer cell line significantly attenuates cell proliferation and migration with reduced production of the lipid mediator 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Studies with the unselective inhibitor HET0016 show a high inhibitory potency of CYP4F11-mediated 20-HETE production using recombinant enzyme. Overall, our studies demonstrate the potential of targeting CYP4F11 for new transformative lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Bjoern Brixius
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Caleb Bocianoski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - David R Koes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
| | - Simone Brixius-Anderko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (H.J., B.B., S.R., S.B.-A.); Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.K.); and Elizabeth Forward High School, Elizabeth, Pennsylvania (C.B.)
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3
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Guo Z, Huo X, Li X, Jiang C, Xue L. Advances in regulation and function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in cancer, from bench to bed. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2773-2785. [PMID: 37450239 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The expression of SCD1 is increased in many cancers, and the altered expression contributes to the proliferation, invasion, sternness and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Recently, more evidence has been reported to further support the important role of SCD1 in cancer, and the regulation mechanism of SCD1 has also been focused. Multiple factors are involved in the regulation of SCD1, including metabolism, diet, tumor microenvironment, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and epigenetics modification. Moreover, SCD1 is found to be involved in regulating ferroptosis resistance. Based on these findings, SCD1 has been considered as a potential target for cancer treatment. However, the resistance of SCD1 inhibition may occur in certain tumors due to tumor heterogeneity and metabolic plasticity. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation and function of SCD1 in tumors and discusses the potential clinical application of targeting SCD1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Guo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Huo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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D MO, C TZ, R SP. Human orphan cytochromes P450: An update. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:CDM-EPUB-128186. [PMID: 36503398 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666221209153032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Orphan cytochromes P450 (CYP) are enzymes whose biological functions and substrates are unknown. However, the use of new experimental strategies has allowed obtaining more information about their relevance in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Likewise, the modulation of their expression and activity has been associated with pathogenesis and prognosis in different diseases. In this work, we review the regulatory pathways and the possible role of orphan CYP to provide evidence that allow us to stop considering some of them as orphan enzymes and to propose them as possible therapeutic targets in the design of new strategies for the treatment of diseases associated with CYP-mediated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molina-Ortiz D
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Coyoacán, Mexico City, México, 04530
| | - Torres-Zárate C
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Coyoacán, Mexico City, México, 04530
| | - Santes-Palacios R
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Coyoacán, Mexico City, México, 04530
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5
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Malykhin RS, Boyko YD, Nelyubina YV, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Interrupted Nef Reaction of Cyclic Nitronates: Diastereoselective Access to Densely Substituted α-Chloronitroso Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16617-16631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman S. Malykhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie gory, 1, str. 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav D. Boyko
- UIUC: Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
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6
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Narayanan D, Tran KT, Pallesen JS, Solbak SMØ, Qin Y, Mukminova E, Luchini M, Vasilyeva KO, González Chichón D, Goutsiou G, Poulsen C, Haapanen N, Popowicz GM, Sattler M, Olagnier D, Gajhede M, Bach A. Development of Noncovalent Small-Molecule Keap1-Nrf2 Inhibitors by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14481-14526. [PMID: 36263945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), constitutes a promising strategy for treating diseases involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) campaign resulted in novel, high-affinity (Ki = 280 nM), and cell-active noncovalent small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors. We screened 2500 fragments using orthogonal assays─fluorescence polarization (FP), thermal shift assay (TSA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)─and validated the hits by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR, leading to 28 high-priority hits. Thirteen co-structures showed fragments binding mainly in the P4 and P5 subpockets of Keap1's Kelch domain, and three fluorenone-based fragments featuring a novel binding mode were optimized by structure-based drug discovery. We thereby disclose several fragment hits, including their binding modes, and show how FBDD can be performed to find new small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Narayanan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim T Tran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob S Pallesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Ø Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuting Qin
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elina Mukminova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Luchini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina O Vasilyeva
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorleta González Chichón
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgia Goutsiou
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Poulsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nanna Haapanen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Abstract
The total synthesis of marine alkaloids cystodytins A-K has been accomplished in five to six steps starting from commercially available compounds. The highlights of the synthesis include an oxidative amination-cyclization of tryptamine and para-hydroquinones to build a tetracyclic pyridoacridinone ring with different side chains and a copper(II)-catalyzed enantioselective Henry reaction to construct an oxygenated stereogenic carbon center. For the first time, the absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers embedded in cystodytins D-I and K was established as R. Moreover, the stereochemistry of the olefin unit in the side chain of cystodytins H and I was revised to the Z configuration from the originally assigned E configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 as a therapeutic target for cancer: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8871-8882. [PMID: 35906508 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of cancer cells is the alteration in lipid composition, which is associated with a significant monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) enrichment. In addition to their structural functions in newly synthesized membranes in proliferating cancer cells, these fatty acids are involved in tumorigenic signaling. Increased expression and activity of stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD1), i.e., an enzyme converting saturated fatty acids to Δ9-monounsaturated fatty acids, has been observed in various cancer cells. This increase in expression and activity has also been associated with cancer aggressiveness and poor patient outcome. Previous studies have also indicated the SCD1 involvement in increased cancer cells proliferation, growth, migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis, chemoresistance, and maintenance of cancer stem cells properties. Hence, SCD1 seems to be a player in malignancy development and may be considered a novel therapeutic target in cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review study aims to discuss the impact of SCD1 as a major component in lipid signaling in HCC.
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9
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Ushakov PY, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Regio- and diastereoselective access to densely functionalized ketones via the Boekelheide rearrangement of isoxazoline N-oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5624-5637. [PMID: 35796681 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the classical "isoxazoline route" toward aldols involving the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxide to alkenes and hydrogenolysis of the oxime group was revisited. To avoid regioselectivity issues, [4 + 1]-annulation of nitroalkenes with sulfonium ylides was used to construct the isoxazoline ring bearing an N-oxide moiety. Subsequent deoxygenative C-H functionalization using the Boekelheide rearrangement and hydrogenolysis of the isoxazoline ring afforded α'-acyloxy-substituted aldols, which are difficult to access both by the classical aldol reaction and the "isoxazoline route". The products are formed in good to high overall yields and as single diastereomers in most cases. The synthetic use of these aldols was showcased by their smooth transformation into diastereomerically pure triols and a 2,3-diaryl-4-hydroxy-substituted tetrahydrofuran derivative, which is structurally related to cinncassin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yu Ushakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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10
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An Q, Lin R, Wang D, Wang C. Emerging roles of fatty acid metabolism in cancer and their targeted drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114613. [PMID: 35853429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is now considered as one of hallmark of tumor cells and provides them with a selective survival/growth advantage to resist harsh micro-environmental stress. Fatty acid (FA) metabolism of tumor cells supports the biosynthetic needs and provides fuel sources for energy supply. Since FA metabolic reprogramming is a critical link in tumor metabolism, its various roles in tumors have attracted increasing interest. Herein, we review the mechanisms through which cancer cells rewire their FA metabolism with a focus on the pathway of FA metabolism and its targeting drug development. The failure and successful cases of targeting tumor FA metabolism are expected to bypass the metabolic vulnerability and improve the efficacy of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China.
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11
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Pundi A, Chang CJ, Chen J, Hsieh SR, Lee MC. A dimedone-phenylalanine-based fluorescent sensor for the detection of iron (III), copper (II), L-cysteine, and L-tryptophan in solution and pharmaceutical samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 274:121108. [PMID: 35272123 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of fluorescence molecules for the fast and effective detection of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) has attracted a lot of attention because it is an important amino acid for baby growth, nitrogen equilibrium in adults, improving sleep, and mood regulation. A dimedone-phenylalanine-based chiral sensor (SDPA) was synthesized and exhibited a strong fluorescence quenching by Fe3+ and Cu2+ in a water/DMSO (3/7) solution with a detection limit of 2.29 × 10-6 M and 6.37 × 10-6 M, respectively. The factors affecting fluorescence sensings, such as the pH and competing cations, were studied. The sensor can be reused at least five times after being treated with EDTA. The Job plot, ESI-MS spectra, 1H NMR spectra, absorbance, and fluorescence titration experiments were investigated to study the mechanism of SDPA-Fe3+ and SDPA-Cu2+ complexation. The SDPA-Cu2+ complex can detect L-tryptophan and L-cysteine at trace levels by turn-on fluorescence with a detection limit of 9.35 × 10-6 M and 8.86 × 10-6 M, respectively. Moreover, applying the SDPA-Cu2+ complex for quantitative analysis of L-tryptophan in real sleep-improving capsules resulted in good recovery. The L-tryptophan level of the Elining capsule was determined at 190.8 ± 10.5 mg/g (mg L-tryptophan/g medicine), which is close to the announced quantity of 180 mg/g. Besides, the SDPA-Cu2+ complex can selectively detect free L-Try molecules and L-Try residues in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Pundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan ROC.
| | - Jemkun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec.4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Rong Hsieh
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Road, Tanzi, Taichung 427, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Ching Lee
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Ascenzi F, De Vitis C, Maugeri-Saccà M, Napoli C, Ciliberto G, Mancini R. SCD1, autophagy and cancer: implications for therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:265. [PMID: 34429143 PMCID: PMC8383407 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components and recycles them for other cellular functions. Over the years, a mutual regulation between lipid metabolism and autophagy has been uncovered. METHODS This is a narrative review discussing the connection between SCD1 and the autophagic process, along with the modality through which this crosstalk can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. RESULTS Fatty acids, depending on the species, can have either activating or inhibitory roles on autophagy. In turn, autophagy regulates the mobilization of fat from cellular deposits, such as lipid droplets, and removes unnecessary lipids to prevent cellular lipotoxicity. This review describes the regulation of autophagy by lipid metabolism in cancer cells, focusing on the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. SCD1 plays an important role in cancer, promoting cell proliferation and metastasis. The role of autophagy in cancer is more complex since it can act either by protecting against the onset of cancer or by promoting tumor growth. Mounting evidence indicates that autophagy and lipid metabolism are tightly interconnected. CONCLUSION Here, we discuss controversial findings of SCD1 as an autophagy inducer or inhibitor in cancer, highlighting how these activities may result in cancer promotion or inhibition depending upon the degree of cancer heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ascenzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Ushakov PY, Sukhorukov AY, Ioffe SL, Tabolin AA. Sequential Formal [4+1]‐Cycloaddition, C−H Functionalization and Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling for the Synthesis of Trisubstituted Isoxazolines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yu. Ushakov
- Laboratory of organic and metal-organic nitrogen-oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie gory, 1, str. 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of organic and metal-organic nitrogen-oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Stremyanny per. 36 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- Laboratory of organic and metal-organic nitrogen-oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Andrey A. Tabolin
- Laboratory of organic and metal-organic nitrogen-oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
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14
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Chen H, Wang L, Liu Y, Guo M, Zhao W, Tang X, Wang G. Copper Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted Oxalamides From Bromodifluoroacetamide and Tertiary Amines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University 135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lianxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University 135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University 135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University 135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University 135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University 135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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15
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Zhou J, Zhao J, Su C. Role of Aberrant Lipid Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:631-639. [PMID: 33726650 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666210316112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small population of cancer cells that are able to self-renew and initiate tumors, which undergo epigenetic, epithelial-mesenchymal, immunological, and metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the tumor microenvironment as well as survive host defense or therapeutic insults. The metabolic reprogramming that accompanies cancer onset is known to be critical for the disease pathogenesis. A coordinated dysregulation of lipid metabolism is observed in nearly all cancer types. In addition to fulfilling basic requirements of structural lipids for membrane synthesis, lipids function importantly as signaling molecules and contribute to energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the attractive research field of aberrant lipid metabolism regarding CSCs in cancer progression, which provides insights into therapeutic agents targeting CSCs based upon their modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai. China
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16
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Ashraf-Uz-Zaman M, Shahi S, Akwii R, Sajib MS, Farshbaf MJ, Kallem RR, Putnam W, Wang W, Zhang R, Alvina K, Trippier PC, Mikelis CM, German NA. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of novel urea compounds as FGFR1 inhibitors to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112866. [PMID: 33039722 PMCID: PMC7744370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of cancer characterized by higher metastatic and reoccurrence rates, where approximately one-third of TNBC patients suffer from the metastasis in the brain. At the same time, TNBC shows good responses to chemotherapy, a feature that fuels the search for novel compounds with therapeutic potential in this area. Recently, we have identified novel urea-based compounds with cytotoxicity against selected cell lines and with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo. We have synthesized and analyzed a library of more than 40 compounds to elucidate the key features responsible for the observed activity. We have also identified FGFR1 as a molecular target that is affected by the presence of these compounds, confirming our data using in silico model. Overall, we envision that these compounds can be further developed for the potential treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraf-Uz-Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sadisna Shahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Racheal Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Clinical Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William Putnam
- Clinical Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karina Alvina
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Nadezhda A German
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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17
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Williams NS, Gonzales S, Naidoo J, Rivera-Cancel G, Voruganti S, Mallipeddi P, Theodoropoulos PC, Geboers S, Chen H, Ortiz F, Posner B, Nijhawan D, Ready JM. Tumor-Activated Benzothiazole Inhibitors of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9773-9786. [PMID: 32787093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-acyl benzothiazoles shows selective and potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines expressing cytochrome P450 4F11. A prodrug form is metabolized by cancer cells into an active inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Substantial variation on the acyl portion of the inhibitors allowed the identification of (R)-27, which balanced potency, solubility, and lipophilicity to allow proof-of-concept studies in mice. The prodrugs were activated inside the tumor, where they can arrest tumor growth. Together, these observations offer promise that a tumor-activated prodrug strategy might exploit the essentiality of SCD for tumor growth, while avoiding toxicity associated with systemic SCD inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Stephen Gonzales
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Jacinth Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Giomar Rivera-Cancel
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Sukesh Voruganti
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Prema Mallipeddi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Panayotis C Theodoropoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Sophie Geboers
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Francisco Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Bruce Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Deepak Nijhawan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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18
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Shen J, Wu G, Tsai AL, Zhou M. Structure and Mechanism of a Unique Diiron Center in Mammalian Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5152-5161. [PMID: 32470559 PMCID: PMC7483794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a membrane-embedded metalloenzyme that catalyzes the formation of a double bond on a saturated acyl-CoA. SCD1 has a diiron center and its proper function requires an electron transport chain composed of NADH (or NADPH), cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), and cytochrome b5 (cyt b5). Since SCD1 is a key regulator in fat metabolism and is required for survival of cancer cells, there is intense interest in targeting SCD1 for various metabolic diseases and cancers. Crystal structures of human and mouse SCD1 were reported recently; however, both proteins have two zinc ions instead of two iron ions in the catalytic center, and as a result, the enzymes are inactive. Here we report a general approach for incorporating iron into heterologously expressed proteins in HEK293 cells. We produced mouse SCD1 that contains a diiron center and visualized its diiron center by solving its crystal structure to 3.5 Å. We assembled the entire electron transport chain using the purified soluble domains of cyt b5 and b5R, and the purified mouse SCD1, and we showed that three proteins coordinate to produce proper products. These results established an in vitro system that allows precise perturbations of the electron transport chain for the understanding of the catalytic mechanism in SCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Shen
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ming Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Dobrzyn P. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070948. [PMID: 31284458 PMCID: PMC6678606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinctive feature of cancer cells of various origins involves alterations of the composition of lipids, with significant enrichment in monounsaturated fatty acids. These molecules, in addition to being structural components of newly formed cell membranes of intensely proliferating cancer cells, support tumorigenic signaling. An increase in the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to ∆9-monounsaturated fatty acids, has been observed in a wide range of cancer cells, and this increase is correlated with cancer aggressiveness and poor outcomes for patients. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of SCD1 in the promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumor growth. Many studies have reported a role for this lipogenic factor in maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells (i.e., the population of cells that contributes to cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy). Importantly, both the products of SCD1 activity and its direct impact on tumorigenic pathways have been demonstrated. Based on these findings, SCD1 appears to be a significant player in the development of malignant disease and may be a promising target for anticancer therapy. Numerous chemical compounds that exert inhibitory effects on SCD1 have been developed and preclinically tested. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the ways in which SCD1 contributes to the progression of cancer and discusses opportunities and challenges of using SCD1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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