1
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Yu J, Li D, Xie M, Xie J, Wang Z, Gu X, Ma Z, Sun Y. Complex Topology of Ubiquitin Chains Mediates Lysosomal Degradation of MrgC Proteins. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-023-01204-6. [PMID: 38291169 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor C (MrgC) receptors relieves pain, but also leads to ubiquitination of MrgC receptors. Ubiquitination mediates MrgC receptor endocytosis and degradation. However, MrgC degradation pathways and ubiquitin-linked chain types are not known. METHODS N2a cells were treated with cycloheximide (CHX, protein synthesis inhibitor), Mg132 (proteasome inhibitor), 3-Methyladenine (3MA, autophagy lysosome inhibitor) and Chloroquine (CQ, autophagy lysosome inhibitor) to observe the half-life and degradation pathway of MrgC. The location of internalized MrgC receptors and lysosomes (Lyso-Tracker) was observed by immunofluorescence staining. N2a cells were transfected with Myc-MrgC and a series of HA-tagged ubiquitin mutants to study the ubiquitin-linked chain type of MrgC. RESULTS The amount of MrgC protein decreased with time after CHX treatment of N2a cells. Autophagy lysosome inhibitors can inhibit the degradation of MrgC. The amount of MrgC protein decreased with time after CHX treatment of N2a cells. 3-MA and CQ inhibited the degradation of MrgC protein, whereas Mg-132 did not inhibit it. Partially internalized MrgC receptors were co-labeled with lysosomes. MrgC proteins have multiple topologies of ubiquitin-modified chains. CONCLUSION As a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, MrgC receptors can be degraded over time. The complex topology of the ubiquitin-linked chain mediates the lysosomal degradation of MrgC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingming Xie
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu'e Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Ma P, Wang Y, Ma N, Wang J. Alkaline-Metal-Promoted Divergent Synthesis of 1-Aminoisoquinolines and Isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38193431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline-metal-promoted divergent syntheses of 1-aminoisoquinolines and isoquinolines have been reported involving 2-methylaryl aldehydes, nitriles, and LiN(SiMe3)2 as reactants. In addition, the three-component reaction of 2-methylaryl nitriles, aldehydes, and LiN(SiMe3)2 has been developed to furnish 1-aminoisoquinolines. This protocol features readily available starting materials, excellent chemoselectivity, broad substrate scope, and satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Gan B, Yu L, Yang H, Jiao H, Pang B, Chen Y, Wang C, Lv R, Hu H, Cao Z, Ren R. Mechanism of agonist-induced activation of the human itch receptor MRGPRX1. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001975. [PMID: 37347749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors X1-X4 (MRGPRX1-X4) are 4 primate-specific receptors that are recently reported to be responsible for many biological processes, including itch sensation, pain transmission, and inflammatory reactions. MRGPRX1 is the first identified human MRGPR, and its expression is restricted to primary sensory neurons. Due to its dual roles in itch and pain signaling pathways, MRGPRX1 has been regarded as a promising target for itch remission and pain inhibition. Here, we reported a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Gq-coupled MRGPRX1 in complex with a synthetic agonist compound 16 in an active conformation at an overall resolution of 3.0 Å via a NanoBiT tethering strategy. Compound 16 is a new pain-relieving compound with high potency and selectivity to MRGPRX1 over other MRGPRXs and opioid receptor. MRGPRX1 was revealed to share common structural features of the Gq-mediated receptor activation mechanism of MRGPRX family members, but the variable residues in orthosteric pocket of MRGPRX1 exhibit the unique agonist recognition pattern, potentially facilitating to design MRGPRX1-specific modulators. Together with receptor activation and itch behavior evaluation assays, our study provides a structural snapshot to modify therapeutic molecules for itch relieving and analgesia targeting MRGPRX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiye Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haizhan Jiao
- The Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- The Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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4
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Liu Y, Cao C, Huang XP, Gumpper RH, Rachman MM, Shih SL, Krumm BE, Zhang S, Shoichet BK, Fay JF, Roth BL. Ligand recognition and allosteric modulation of the human MRGPRX1 receptor. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:416-422. [PMID: 36302898 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is preferentially expressed in the small-diameter primary sensory neurons and involved in the mediation of nociception and pruritus. Central activation of MRGPRX1 by the endogenous opioid peptide fragment BAM8-22 and its positive allosteric modulator ML382 has been shown to effectively inhibit persistent pain, making MRGPRX1 a promising target for non-opioid pain treatment. However, the activation mechanism of MRGPRX1 is still largely unknown. Here we report three high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structures of MRGPRX1-Gαq in complex with BAM8-22 alone, with BAM8-22 and ML382 simultaneously as well as with a synthetic agonist compound-16. These structures reveal the agonist binding mode for MRGPRX1 and illuminate the structural requirements for positive allosteric modulation. Collectively, our findings provide a molecular understanding of the activation and allosteric modulation of the MRGPRX1 receptor, which could facilitate the structure-based design of non-opioid pain-relieving drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan H Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Moira M Rachman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheng-Luen Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Cao C, Roth BL. The structure, function, and pharmacology of MRGPRs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:237-251. [PMID: 36870785 PMCID: PMC10066734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR) family members play important roles in the sensation of noxious stimuli and represent novel targets for the treatment of itch and pain. MRGPRs recognize a diversity of agonists and display complicated downstream signaling profiles, high sequence diversity across species, and many polymorphisms in humans. The recent structural advances on MRGPRs reveal unique structural features and diverse agonist recognition modes of this receptor family, which should facilitate the structure-based drug discovery at MRGPRs. In addition, the newly discovered ligands also provide valuable tools to explore the function and the therapeutic potential of MRGPRs. In this review, we discuss these progresses in our understanding of MRGPRs and highlight the challenges and potential opportunities for the future drug discovery at these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eschelman School of Pharmacy and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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6
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Patent Highlights June–July 2022. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 12:5-11. [PMID: 36511078 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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7
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Zhang L, Xiong W, Yao B, Liu H, Li M, Qin Y, Yu Y, Li X, Chen M, Wu W, Li J, Wang J, Jiang H. Facile synthesis of isoquinolines and isoquinoline N-oxides via a copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization in water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30248-30252. [PMID: 36349148 PMCID: PMC9607880 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient method for the facile access of isoquinolines and isoquinoline N-oxides via a Cu(i)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of (E)-2-alkynylaryl oxime derivatives in water has been developed. This protocol was performed under simple and mild conditions without organic solvent, additives or ligands. By switching on/off a hydroxyl protecting group of oximes, the selective N-O/O-H cleavage could be triggered, delivering a series of isoquinolines and isoquinoline N-oxides, respectively, in moderate to high yields with good functional group tolerance and high atom economy. Moreover, the practicality of this method was further demonstrated by the total synthesis of moxaverine in five steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Biao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yu Qin
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Yujian Yu
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Meng Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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8
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MAS-related G protein-coupled receptors X (MRGPRX): Orphan GPCRs with potential as targets for future drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Efficient access to multi-substituted 1-aminoisoquinolines via Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative annulation of aminopyridine pivalamides with internal alkynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Berhane I, Hin N, Thomas AG, Huang Q, Zhang C, Veeravalli V, Wu Y, Ng J, Alt J, Rojas C, Hihara H, Aoki M, Yoshizawa K, Nishioka T, Suzuki S, He SQ, Peng Q, Guan Y, Dong X, Raja SN, Slusher BS, Rais R, Tsukamoto T. Thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidine-Based Positive Allosteric Modulators of Human Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X1 (MRGPRX1). J Med Chem 2022; 65:3218-3228. [PMID: 35119273 PMCID: PMC9176367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is a human sensory neuron-specific receptor and potential target for the treatment of pain. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of MRGPRX1 have the potential to preferentially activate the receptors at the central terminals of primary sensory neurons and minimize itch side effects caused by peripheral activation. Using a high-throughput screening (HTS) hit, a series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based molecules were synthesized and evaluated as human MRGPRX1 PAMs in HEK293 cells stably transfected with human MrgprX1 gene. An iterative process to improve potency and metabolic stability led to the discovery of orally available 6-(tert-butyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1t), which can be distributed to the spinal cord, the presumed site of action, following oral administration. In a neuropathic pain model induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI), compound 1t (100 mg/kg, po) reduced behavioral heat hypersensitivity in humanized MRGPRX1 mice, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of MRGPRX1 PAMs in treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Berhane
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Niyada Hin
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ajit G. Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vijayabhaskar Veeravalli
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Justin Ng
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hiroe Hihara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd.,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Mika Aoki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd.,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshizawa
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd.,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd.,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd.,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Shao-Qiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qi Peng
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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11
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Iyer MR, Cinar R, Wood CM, Zawatsky CN, Coffey NJ, Kim KA, Liu Z, Katz A, Abdalla J, Hassan SA, Lee YS. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of 3,4-Diarylpyrazoline Series of Compounds as Potent, Nonbrain Penetrant Antagonists of Cannabinoid-1 (CB 1R) Receptor with Reduced Lipophilicity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2374-2387. [PMID: 35084860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel "four-arm" dihydropyrazoline compounds designed as peripherally restricted antagonists of cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R). A series of racemic 3,4-diarylpyrazolines were synthesized and evaluated initially in CB1 receptor binding assays. The novel compounds, designed to limit brain penetrance and decreased lipophilicity, showed high affinity for CB1R and potent in vitro CB1R antagonist activities. Promising compounds with potent CB1R activity were evaluated in tissue distribution studies. Compounds 6a, 6f, and 7c showed limited brain penetrance attesting to its peripheral restriction. The 4S-enantiomer of these compounds further showed a stereoselective affinity for the CB1 receptor and behaved as inverse agonists. In vivo studies on food intake and body weight reduction in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice showed that these compounds could serve as potential leads for the development of selective CB1R antagonists with improved potency and peripheral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Resat Cinar
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Casey M Wood
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Charles N Zawatsky
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Kyu Ah Kim
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Alexis Katz
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Jasmina Abdalla
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Sergio A Hassan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yong-Sok Lee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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12
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Li F, Wang C, Hu D, Zhang X, Shen R, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhu C, Tang Z, Yu G. mMrgprA3
/
mMrgprC11
/
hMrgprX1
: potential therapeutic targets for allergic contact dermatitis induced pruritus in mice and human. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:286-294. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Changming Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Danyou Hu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ran Shen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine of Prevention and Treatment in Neurological Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu China
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Zhou Y, Hua R. Synthesis of 1-Benzyl-, 1-Alkoxyl-, and 1-Aminoisoquinolines via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Aryl C-H Activation and Alkyne Annulation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8862-8872. [PMID: 34164989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One-pot syntheses of 1-benzyl-, 1-alkoxyl-, and 1-alkylamino- isoquinolines through automatic directing group (DGauto)-assisted, rhodium(III)-catalyzed aryl C-H activation and annulation with internal alkynes were developed. The reactions affording 1-benzylisoquinolines involve a cascade oximation of diarylacetylenes with hydroxylamine, forming aryl benzyl ketone oxime, and oxime-assisted rhodium(III)-catalyzed aryl C-H activation and followed annulation with another molecule of diarylacetylene in a one-pot manner. The formation of 1-alkoxyl/amino isoquinolines includes the addition of nucleophilic alcohols or amines to aryl nitriles, imine-assisted rhodium-catalyzed aryl C-H activation, and subsequent alkyne annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Gruzman A, Cohen G. Advances in Understanding the Initial Steps of Pruritoceptive Itch: How the Itch Hits the Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144883. [PMID: 32664385 PMCID: PMC7402353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritoceptive (dermal) itch was long considered an accompanying symptom of diseases, a side effect of drug applications, or a temporary sensation induced by invading pruritogens, as produced by the stinging nettle. Due to extensive research in recent years, it was possible to provide detailed insights into the mechanism of itch mediation and modulation. Hence, it became apparent that pruritus is a complex symptom or disease in itself, which requires particular attention to improve patients’ health. Here, we summarize recent findings in pruritoceptive itch, including how this sensation is triggered and modulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous pruritogens and their receptors. A differentiation between mediating pruritogen and modulating pruritogen seems to be of great advantage to understand and decipher the molecular mechanism of itch perception. Only a comprehensive view on itch sensation will provide a solid basis for targeting this long-neglected adverse sensation accompanying numerous diseases and many drug side effects. Finally, we identify critical aspects of itch perception that require future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat 8855630, Israel
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