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Huang SS, Yang HX, He J, Liu JK, Feng T. Discovery of a Biocontrol Strain Trichaptum laricinum: Its Metabolites and Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum anthrisci. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13154-13163. [PMID: 38780776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Finding safe and environmentally friendly fungicides is one of the important strategies in modern pesticide research and development. In this work, the antipathogenic effects of the fungus Trichaptum laricinum against the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum anthrisci were studied. The EtOAc extract of T. laricinum showed remarkable antifungal activity against C. anthrisci with an inhibition rate of 50% at 256 μg/mL. Bioguided isolation of the cultural broth of T. laricinum produced four new drimane sesquiterpenes, trichalarins A-D (1-4), and six other metabolites (5-10). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods, quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds exhibited antifungal activity against C. anthrisci with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8-64 μg/mL in vitro. Further in vivo assay suggested that compounds 2, 6, and 9 could significantly inhibit C. anthrisci growth in avocado fruit with inhibition rates close to 80% at the concentration of 256 μg/mL, while compounds 2 and 6 had an inhibition rate over 90% at the concentration of 512 μg/mL. The EtOAc extract of T. laricinum had no inhibitory effect on Pinus massoniana seed germination and growth at the concentration of 2 mg/mL, showing good environmental friendliness. Thus, the fungus T. laricinum could be considered as an ideal biocontrol strain, and its metabolites provided a diverse material basis for the antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Juan He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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Shi W, Li J, Xie S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yao H, Chen M, Li J, Deng Z. Selection of the Dominant Endophytes Based on Illumina Sequencing Analysis for Controlling Bacterial Wilt of Patchouli Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:996-1004. [PMID: 38613135 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1722-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) is one of the most devastating diseases in patchouli (Pogostemon cablin [Blanco] Benth.), which results in low yield and quality of patchouli. However, no stable and effective control methods have been developed yet. To evaluate the potential of dominant bacterial endophytes in biocontrol, the endophytic bacterial diversity of patchouli was investigated based on Illumina sequencing analysis, and the ability of isolates belonging to the dominant bacterial genera to control RS wilt of patchouli was explored in pot experiments. A total of 245 bacterial genera were detected in patchouli plants, with the highest relative abundance of operational taxonomic units belonging to the genus Pseudomonas detected in roots, leaves, and stems. The Pseudomonas isolates S02, S09, and S26 showed antagonistic activity against RS in vitro and displayed many plant growth-promoting characteristics, including production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase and phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing capability. Inoculation of patchouli plants with the isolates S02, S09, and S26 significantly improved shoot growth and decreased the incidence of bacterial wilt caused by RS. The results suggest that screening of dominant bacterial endophytes for effective biocontrol agents based on Illumina sequencing analysis is more efficient than random isolation and screening procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Junyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Siyun Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huaxiong Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Meiqi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zujun Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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Ma YY, Pu G, Liu HY, Yao S, Kong GH, Wu YP, Li YK, Wang WG, Zhou M, Hu QF, Yang FX. Indole alkaloids isolated from the Nicotiana tabacum-derived Aspergillus fumigatus 0338 as potential inhibitors for tobacco powdery mildew and their mode of actions. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105814. [PMID: 38582586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
To explore active natural products against tobacco powdery mildew caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum, an extract from the fermentation of endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus 0338 was investigated. The mechanisms of action for active compounds were also studied in detail. As a result, 14 indole alkaloid derivatives were isolated, with seven being newly discovered (1-7) and the remaining seven previously described (8-14). Notably, compounds 1-3 are rare linearly fused 6/6/5 tricyclic prenylated indole alkaloids, with asperversiamide J being the only known natural product of this kind. The isopentenyl substitutions at the 5-position in compounds 4 and 5 are also rare, with only compounds 1-(5-prenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-propan-2-one (8) and 1-(6-methoxy-5-prenyl-1H-indol3-yl)-propan-2-one currently available. In addition, compounds 6 and 7 are new framework indole alkaloid derivatives bearing a 6-methyl-1,7-dihydro-2H-azepin-2-one ring. The purified compounds were evaluated for their activity against G. cichoracearum, and the results revealed that compounds 7 and 9 demonstrated obvious anti-G. cichoracearum activities with an inhibition rate of 82.6% and 85.2%, respectively, at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, these rates were better than that of the positive control agent, carbendazim (78.6%). The protective and curative effects of compounds 7 and 9 were also better than that of positive control, at the same concentration. Moreover, the mechanistic study showed that treatment with compound 9 significantly increased the structural tightness of tobacco leaves and directly affect the conidiospores of G. cichoracearum, thereby enhancing resistance. Compounds 7 and 9 could also induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), directly regulating the expression of defense enzymes, defense genes, and plant semaphorins, which may further contribute to increased plant resistance. Based on the activity experiments and molecular dockings, the indole core structure may be the foundation of these compounds' anti-G. cichoracearum activity. Among them, the indole derivative parent structures of compounds 6, 7, and 9 exhibit strong effects. Moreover, the methoxy substitution in compound 7 can enhance their activity. By isolating and structurally identifying the above indole alkaloids, new candidates for anti-powdery mildew chemical screening were discovered, which could enhance the utilization of N. tabacum-derived fungi in pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
| | - Gui Pu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Hua-Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Sui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Kong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Wu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Yin-Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China; Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
| | - Qiu-Fen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China.
| | - Feng-Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China.
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The Potential Use of Fungal Co-Culture Strategy for Discovery of New Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020464. [PMID: 36838429 PMCID: PMC9965835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and prolific source of secondary metabolites (SMs) with diverse chemical structures and a wide array of biological properties. In the past two decades, however, the number of new fungal SMs by traditional monoculture method had been greatly decreasing. Fortunately, a growing number of studies have shown that co-culture strategy is an effective approach to awakening silent SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungal strains to produce cryptic SMs. To enrich our knowledge of this approach and better exploit fungal biosynthetic potential for new drug discovery, this review comprehensively summarizes all fungal co-culture methods and their derived new SMs as well as bioactivities on the basis of an extensive literature search and data analysis. Future perspective on fungal co-culture study, as well as its interaction mechanism, is supplied.
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Three New Azaphilone Phytotoxins from Coculture of the Phytopathogens Nigrospora oryzae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Antifungal Activities Against N. oryzae. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Knowles SL, Raja HA, Roberts CD, Oberlies NH. Fungal-fungal co-culture: a primer for generating chemical diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1557-1573. [PMID: 35137758 PMCID: PMC9384855 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2002 to 2020In their natural environment, fungi must compete for resources. It has been hypothesized that this competition likely induces the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites for defence. In a quest to discover new chemical diversity from fungal cultures, a growing trend has been to recapitulate this competitive environment in the laboratory, essentially growing fungi in co-culture. This review covers fungal-fungal co-culture studies beginning with the first literature report in 2002. Since then, there has been a growing number of new secondary metabolites reported as a result of fungal co-culture studies. Specifically, this review discusses and provides insights into (1) rationale for pairing fungal strains, (2) ways to grow fungi for co-culture, (3) different approaches to screening fungal co-cultures for chemical diversity, (4) determining the secondary metabolite-producing strain, and (5) final thoughts regarding the fungal-fungal co-culture approach. Our goal is to provide a set of practical strategies for fungal co-culture studies to generate unique chemical diversity that the natural products research community can utilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher D Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Rangel LI, Bolton MD. The unsung roles of microbial secondary metabolite effectors in the plant disease cacophony. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102233. [PMID: 35679804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants counter disease with an array of responses to styme pathogen ingress. In contrast to this cacophony, plant pathogens orchestrate a finely tuned repertoire of virulence mechanisms in their attempt to cause disease. One such example is the production of secondary metabolite effectors (SMEs). Despite many attempts to functionally categorize SMEs, their many roles in plant disease have proven they march to the beat of their producer's drum. Some lesser studied features of SMEs in plant disease include self-resistance (SR) and manipulation of the microbiome to enhance pathogen virulence. SR can be accomplished in three general compositions, with the first being the transport of the SME to a benign location; the second being modification of the SME so it cannot harm the producer; and the third being metabolic regulation of the SME or the producer homolog of the SME target. SMEs may also play an interlude prior to disease by shaping the plant microbial community, allowing producers to better establish themselves. Taken together, SMEs are integral players in the phytopathology canon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Rangel
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Melvin D Bolton
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA.
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A New Butenolide from the Co-Culture of the Endophyte Irpex lacteus, the Phytopathogenic Nigrospora oryzae, and the Host Dendrobium officinale. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shi T, Li XQ, Zheng L, Zhang YH, Dai JJ, Shang EL, Yu YY, Zhang YT, Hu WP, Shi DY. Sesquiterpenoids From the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688202. [PMID: 34177873 PMCID: PMC8226235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strains Pseudogymnoascus are a kind of psychrophilic pathogenic fungi that are ubiquitously distributed in Antarctica, while the studies of their secondary metabolites are infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11 led to the isolation of six new tremulane sesquiterpenoids pseudotremulanes A-F (1-6), combined with one known analog 11,12-epoxy-12β-hydroxy-1-tremulen-5-one (7), and five known steroids (8-12). The absolute configurations of the new compounds (1-6) were elucidated by their ECD spectra and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-7 were proved to be isomeride structures with the same chemical formula. Compounds 1/2, 3/4, 1/4, and 2/3 were identified as four pairs of epimerides at the locations of C-3, C-3, C-9, and C-9, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), colorectal cancer (HCT116), and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. Compounds 9 and 10 also showed antibacterial activities against marine fouling bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida. This is the first time to find terpenoids and steroids in the fungal genus Pseudogymnoascus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Jia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Er-Lei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Da-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Zhu Y, Li S, Kong Y, Zhao H, Hu Y, Meng J, Chen X, Hou S, Wang X. Terragines F-G produced by endophytic Bacillus sp. SH-1.2-ROOT-18 from Dendrobium officinale. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5058-5063. [PMID: 33949250 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1914614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two new terragine analogs (1‒2) with special succinimide and aminopentane moieties were isolated from the fermentation broth of Bacillus sp. SH-1.2-ROOT-18, an endophyte previously discovered from the root of Dendrobium officinale. The structures were elucidated base on comprehensive 1 D/2D NMR and MS data analysis. Complete NMR assignments for the first reported naturally occurring metabolite 3 was also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhuo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shurong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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