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Fu J, Bian T, Yin J, Feng M, Xu Q, Wang Y, Sum TC. Organic and inorganic sublattice coupling in two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4562. [PMID: 38811539 PMCID: PMC11136976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered organic-inorganic halide perovskites have successfully spread to diverse optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, there remain gaps in our understanding of the interactions between organic and inorganic sublattices that form the foundation of their remarkable properties. Here, we examine these interactions using pump-probe spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Unlike off-resonant pumping, resonant excitation of the organic sublattice alters both the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom within the inorganic sublattice, indicating the existence of electronic coupling. Theoretical simulations verify that the reduced bandgap is likely due to the enhanced distortion index of the inorganic octahedra. Further evidence of the mechanical coupling between these two sublattices is revealed through the slow heat transfer process, where the resultant lattice tensile strain launches coherent longitudinal acoustic phonons. Our findings explicate the intimate electronic and mechanical couplings between the organic and inorganic sublattices, crucial for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tieyuan Bian
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China.
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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2
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Jin L, Mora Perez C, Gao Y, Ma K, Park JY, Li S, Guo P, Dou L, Prezhdo O, Huang L. Superior Phonon-Limited Exciton Mobility in Lead-Free Two-Dimensional Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3638-3646. [PMID: 38498912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tin-based two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are emerging as lead-free alternatives in halide perovskite materials, yet their exciton dynamics and transport remain less understood due to defect scattering. Addressing this, we employed temperature-dependent transient photoluminescence (PL) microscopy to investigate intrinsic exciton transport in three structurally analogous Sn- and Pb-based 2D perovskites. Employing conjugated ligands, we synthesized high-quality crystals with enhanced phase stability at various temperatures. Our results revealed phonon-limited exciton transport in Sn perovskites, with diffusion constants increasing from 0.2 cm2 s-1 at room temperature to 0.6 cm2 s-1 at 40 K, and a narrowing PL line width. Notably, Sn-based perovskites exhibited greater exciton mobility than their Pb-based equivalents, which is attributed to lighter effective masses. Thermally activated optical phonon scattering was observed in Sn-based compounds but was absent in Pb-based materials. These findings, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrate that the phonon scattering mechanism in Sn-based halide perovskites can be distinct from their Pb counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jee Yung Park
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Oleg Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Posmyk K, Zawadzka N, Łucja Kipczak, Dyksik M, Surrente A, Maude DK, Kazimierczuk T, Babiński A, Molas MR, Bumrungsan W, Chooseng C, Paritmongkol W, Tisdale WA, Baranowski M, Plochocka P. Bright Excitonic Fine Structure in Metal-Halide Perovskites: From Two-Dimensional to Bulk. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4687-4694. [PMID: 38324275 PMCID: PMC10885139 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The optical response of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, often referred to as natural quantum wells, is primarily governed by excitons, whose properties can be readily tuned by adjusting the perovskite layer thickness. We have investigated the exciton fine structure splitting in the archetypal 2D perovskite (PEA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 with varying numbers of inorganic octahedral layers n = 1, 2, 3, and 4. We demonstrate that the in-plane excitonic states exhibit splitting and orthogonally oriented dipoles for all confinement regimes. The evolution of the exciton states in an external magnetic field provides further insights into the g-factors and diamagnetic coefficients. With increasing n, we observe a gradual evolution of the excitonic parameters characteristic of a 2D to three-dimensional transition. Our results provide valuable information concerning the evolution of the optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites with the changing confinement strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Posmyk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Natalia Zawadzka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Łucja Kipczak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Duncan K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Tomasz Kazimierczuk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Adam Babiński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Maciej R Molas
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Wakul Bumrungsan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Chanisara Chooseng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble, Toulouse 31400, France
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4
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Dyksik M, Beret D, Baranowski M, Duim H, Moyano S, Posmyk K, Mlayah A, Adjokatse S, Maude DK, Loi MA, Puech P, Plochocka P. Polaron Vibronic Progression Shapes the Optical Response of 2D Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305182. [PMID: 38072637 PMCID: PMC10870061 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The optical response of 2D layered perovskites is composed of multiple equally-spaced spectral features, often interpreted as phonon replicas, separated by an energy Δ ≃ 12 - 40 meV, depending upon the compound. Here the authors show that the characteristic energy spacing, seen in both absorption and emission, is correlated with a substantial scattering response above ≃ 200 cm-1 (≃ 25 meV) observed in resonant Raman. This peculiar high-frequency signal, which dominates both Stokes and anti-Stokes regions of the scattering spectra, possesses the characteristic spectral fingerprints of polarons. Notably, its spectral position is shifted away from the Rayleigh line, with a tail on the high energy side. The internal structure of the polaron consists of a series of equidistant signals separated by 25-32 cm-1 (3-4 meV), depending upon the compound, forming a polaron vibronic progression. The observed progression is characterized by a large Huang-Rhys factor (S > 6) for all of the 2D layered perovskites investigated here, indicative of a strong charge carrier - lattice coupling. The polaron binding energy spans a range ≃ 20-35 meV, which is corroborated by the temperature-dependent Raman scattering data. The investigation provides a complete understanding of the optical response of 2D layered perovskites via the direct observation of polaron vibronic progression. The understanding of polaronic effects in perovskites is essential, as it directly influences the suitability of these materials for future opto-electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50370Poland
| | - Dorian Beret
- CEMES‐UPR8011CNRSUniversity of Toulouse29 rue Jeanne MarvigToulouse31500France
| | - Michal Baranowski
- Department of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50370Poland
| | - Herman Duim
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Moyano
- CEMES‐UPR8011CNRSUniversity of Toulouse29 rue Jeanne MarvigToulouse31500France
| | - Katarzyna Posmyk
- Department of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50370Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques IntensesEMFL, CNRS UPR 3228University Toulouse, University Toulouse 3, INSA‐T, University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble and ToulouseFrance
| | - Adnen Mlayah
- LAASUniversity of ToulouseCNRS, UPS, 7 Avenue du Colonel RocheToulouse31031France
| | - Sampson Adjokatse
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Duncan K. Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques IntensesEMFL, CNRS UPR 3228University Toulouse, University Toulouse 3, INSA‐T, University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble and ToulouseFrance
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Pascal Puech
- CEMES‐UPR8011CNRSUniversity of Toulouse29 rue Jeanne MarvigToulouse31500France
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50370Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques IntensesEMFL, CNRS UPR 3228University Toulouse, University Toulouse 3, INSA‐T, University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble and ToulouseFrance
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5
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Rojas-Gatjens E, Li H, Vega-Flick A, Cortecchia D, Petrozza A, Bittner ER, Srimath Kandada AR, Silva-Acuña C. Many-Exciton Quantum Dynamics in a Ruddlesden-Popper Tin Iodide. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21194-21203. [PMID: 37937156 PMCID: PMC10626601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the many-body exciton interactions in a Ruddlesden-Popper tin halide, namely, (PEA)2SnI4 (PEA = phenylethylammonium), using coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. The optical dephasing times of the third-order polarization observed in these systems are determined by exciton many-body interactions and lattice fluctuations. We investigate the excitation-induced dephasing (EID) and observe a significant reduction of the dephasing time with increasing excitation density as compared to its lead counterpart (PEA)2PbI4, which we have previously reported in a separate publication [J. Chem. Phys.2020, 153, 164706]. Surprisingly, we find that the EID interaction parameter is four orders of magnitude higher in (PEA)2SnI4 than that in (PEA)2PbI4. This increase in the EID rate may be due to exciton localization arising from a more statically disordered lattice in the tin derivative. This is supported by the observation of multiple closely spaced exciton states and the broadening of the linewidth with increasing population time (spectral diffusion), which suggests a static disordered structure relative to the highly dynamic lead-halide. Additionally, we find that the exciton nonlinear coherent lineshape shows evidence of a biexcitonic state with low binding energy (<10 meV) not observed in the lead system. We model the lineshapes based on a stochastic scattering theory that accounts for the interaction with a nonstationary population of dark background excitations. Our study provides evidence of differences in the exciton quantum dynamics between tin- and lead-based Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides (RPMHs) and links them to the exciton-exciton interaction strength and the static disorder aspect of the crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rojas-Gatjens
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United
States
| | - Hao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Alejandro Vega-Flick
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Eric R. Bittner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Center
for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada
- Department
of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston–Salem, North
Carolina 27587, United States
- Center
for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston–Salem, North
Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Carlos Silva-Acuña
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United
States
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
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6
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Wu B, Wang A, Fu J, Zhang Y, Yang C, Gong Y, Jiang C, Long M, Zhou G, Yue S, Ma W, Liu X. Uncovering the mechanisms of efficient upconversion in two-dimensional perovskites with anti-Stokes shift up to 220 meV. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9347. [PMID: 37774031 PMCID: PMC10541006 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted photon upconversion holds great potential for numerous applications, e.g., optical refrigeration. However, traditional semiconductors face energy gain limitations due to thermal energy, typically achieving only ~25 milli-electron volts at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate that quasi-two-dimensional perovskites, with a soft hybrid organic-inorganic lattice, can efficiently upconvert photons with an anti-Stokes shift exceeding 200 milli-electron volts. By using microscopic transient absorption measurements and density functional theory calculations, we explicate that the giant energy gain stems from strong lattice fluctuation leading to a picosecond timescale transient band energy renormalization with a large energy variation of around ±180 milli-electron volts at room temperature. The motion of organic molecules drives the deformation of inorganic framework, providing energy and local states necessary for efficient upconversion within a time constant of around 1 ps. These results establish a deep understanding of perovskite-based photon upconversion and offer previously unknown insights into the development of various upconversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Aocheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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7
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Song M, Wang H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Liu T, Wang H. The Role of Polaronic States on the Spin Dynamics in Solution-Processed Two-Dimensional Layered Perovskite with Different Layer Thickness. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302554. [PMID: 37395386 PMCID: PMC10502664 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) show strong excitonic and spin-orbit coupling effects, generating a facile spin injection. Besides, they possess a polaron character due to the soft crystal lattice, which can prolong the spin lifetime, making them favorable materials for spintronic applications. Here, the spin dynamics of 2D PEA2 PbI4 (MAPbI3 )n -l thin films with different layers by temperature- and pump fluence-dependent circularly polarization-resolved transient absorption (TA) measurements is studied. These results indicate that the spin depolarization mechanism is gradually converted from the Maialle-Silva-Sham (MSS) mechanism to the polaronic states protection mechanism with the layer number increasing from = 1 to 3, which is determined by the interplay between the strength of Coulomb exchange interaction and the strength of polaronic effect. While for ≥ 4, the Elliot-Yafet (EY) impurities mechanism is proposed, in which the formed polaronic states with free charge carriers no longer play the protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu‐Sen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Zi‐Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Yu‐Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Tian‐Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Hai‐Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
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8
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Posmyk K, Dyksik M, Surrente A, Zalewska K, Śmiertka M, Cybula E, Paritmongkol W, Tisdale WA, Plochocka P, Baranowski M. Fine Structure Splitting of Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Transition in (PEA) 2PbI 4 Two-Dimensional Perovskites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1119. [PMID: 36986013 PMCID: PMC10053047 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional van der Waals materials exhibit particularly strong excitonic effects, which causes them to be an exceptionally interesting platform for the investigation of exciton physics. A notable example is the two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, where quantum and dielectric confinement together with soft, polar, and low symmetry lattice create a unique background for electron and hole interaction. Here, with the use of polarization-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that the simultaneous presence of tightly bound excitons, together with strong exciton-phonon coupling, allows for observing the exciton fine structure splitting of the phonon-assisted transitions of two-dimensional perovskite (PEA)2PbI4, where PEA stands for phenylethylammonium. We demonstrate that the phonon-assisted sidebands characteristic for (PEA)2PbI4 are split and linearly polarized, mimicking the characteristics of the corresponding zero-phonon lines. Interestingly, the splitting of differently polarized phonon-assisted transitions can be different from that of the zero-phonon lines. We attribute this effect to the selective coupling of linearly polarized exciton states to non-degenerate phonon modes of different symmetries resulting from the low symmetry of (PEA)2PbI4 lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Posmyk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zalewska
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Śmiertka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Cybula
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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10
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Dyksik M. Using the Diamagnetic Coefficients to Estimate the Reduced Effective Mass in 2D Layered Perovskites: New Insight from High Magnetic Field Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012531. [PMID: 36293385 PMCID: PMC9604088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the current state of research concerning the determination of the effective mass in 2D layered perovskites is presented. The available experimental reports in which the reduced effective mass μ has been directly measured using magneto-absorption spectroscopy of interband Landau levels are reviewed. By comparing these results with DFT computational studies and various other methods, it is concluded that depending on the approach used, the μ found spans a broad range of values from as low as 0.05 up to 0.3 me. To facilitate quick and reliable estimation of μ, a model is proposed based solely on the available experimental data that bypass the complexity of interband Landau level spectroscopy. The model takes advantage of the μ value measured for (PEA)2PbI4 and approximates the reduced effective mass of the given 2D layered perovskites based on only two experimental parameters—the diamagnetic coefficient and the effective dielectric constant. The proposed model is tested on a broad range of 2D layered perovskites and captures well the main experimental and theoretical trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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The chemistry and physics of organic—inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum wells. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Lu J, Zhou C, Chen W, Wang X, Jia B, Wen X. Origin and physical effects of edge states in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites. iScience 2022; 25:104420. [PMID: 35663014 PMCID: PMC9157205 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The edge region of two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites exhibits anomalous properties from the bulk region, including low energy emission and superior capability of dissociating exciton, which is highly beneficial for the optoelectronic devices like solar cells and photodetectors, denoted as “edge states”. In this review, we introduce the recent progress on the edge states that have been focused on the origin and the optoelectronic properties of edge states in 2D RP perovskites. By providing theoretical frameworks and experimental observations, we elucidate the origin of the edge states from two aspects, intrinsic electronic properties and extrinsic structure distortions. Besides, we introduce the physical properties of the edge states and current debating on this topic. Finally, we present an outlook on future research about the edge states of 2D RP perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Lu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.,South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024 China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.,Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xin Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
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13
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Bourelle SA, Camargo FVA, Ghosh S, Neumann T, van de Goor TWJ, Shivanna R, Winkler T, Cerullo G, Deschler F. Optical control of exciton spin dynamics in layered metal halide perovskites via polaronic state formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3320. [PMID: 35680886 PMCID: PMC9184503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the open challenges of spintronics is to control the spin relaxation mechanisms. Layered metal-halide perovskites are an emerging class of semiconductors which possess a soft crystal lattice that strongly couples electronic and vibrational states and show promise for spintronic applications. Here, we investigate the impact of such strong coupling on the spin relaxation of excitons in the layered perovskite BA2FAPbI7 using a combination of cryogenic Faraday rotation and transient absorption spectroscopy. We report an unexpected increase of the spin lifetime by two orders of magnitude at 77 K under photoexcitation with photon energy in excess of the exciton absorption peak, and thus demonstrate optical control over the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. We attribute this control to strong coupling between excitons and optically excited phonons, which form polaronic states with reduced electron-hole wave function overlap that protect the exciton spin memory. Our insights highlight the special role of exciton-lattice interactions on the spin physics in the layered perovskites and provide a novel opportunity for optical spin control. Spintronic devices will require long spin lifetimes, but the effect of exciton-lattice coupling on spin lifetime in metal-halide perovskites is not well understood. Here, the authors find a 100-fold increase in the lifetime of exciton spins in a 2D perovskite by exciting with excess energy, resulting from strong coupling between excitons and optically excited phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Bourelle
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Timo Neumann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Walter-Schottky-Institute, Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Tim W J van de Goor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Felix Deschler
- Walter-Schottky-Institute, Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, Germany. .,Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Straus DB, Kagan CR. Photophysics of Two-Dimensional Semiconducting Organic-Inorganic Metal-Halide Perovskites. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:403-428. [PMID: 35119942 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082820-015402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2DHPs) consist of alternating anionic metal-halide and cationic organic layers. They have widely tunable structural and optical properties. We review the role of the organic cation in defining the structural and optical properties of 2DHPs through example lead iodide 2DHPs. Even though excitons reside in the metal-halide layers, the organic and inorganic frameworks cannot be separated-they must be considered as a single unit to fully understand the photophysics of 2DHPs. We correlate cation-induced distortion and disorder in the inorganic lattice with the resulting optical properties. We also discuss the role of the cation in creating and altering the discrete excitonic structure that appears at cryogenic temperatures in some 2DHPs, including the cation-dependent presence of hot-exciton photoluminescence. We conclude our review with an outlook for 2DHPs, highlighting existing gaps in fundamental knowledge as well as potential future applications. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Straus
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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15
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Shao Y, Gao W, Yan H, Li R, Abdelwahab I, Chi X, Rogée L, Zhuang L, Fu W, Lau SP, Yu SF, Cai Y, Loh KP, Leng K. Unlocking surface octahedral tilt in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:138. [PMID: 35013412 PMCID: PMC8748742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly soft organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are susceptible to dynamic instabilities of the lattice called octahedral tilt, which directly impacts their carrier transport and exciton-phonon coupling. Although the structural phase transitions associated with octahedral tilt has been extensively studied in 3D hybrid halide perovskites, its impact in hybrid 2D perovskites is not well understood. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to directly visualize surface octahedral tilt in freshly exfoliated 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) across the homologous series, whereby the steric hindrance imposed by long organic cations is unlocked by exfoliation. The experimentally determined octahedral tilts from n = 1 to n = 4 RPPs from STM images are found to agree very well with out-of-plane surface octahedral tilts predicted by density functional theory calculations. The surface-enhanced octahedral tilt is correlated to excitonic redshift observed in photoluminescence (PL), and it enhances inversion asymmetry normal to the direction of quantum well and promotes Rashba spin splitting for n > 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hejin Yan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Runlai Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lukas Rogée
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lyuchao Zhuang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Fung Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kai Leng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Shen R, Xu J, Yao X, Guo Z, Yang W, Ma X. Exciton-Phonon Coupling and Low Energy Emission in 2D and Quasi-2D BA 2MA n-1Pb nI 3n+1 Thin Films with Improved Phase Purity. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12336-12344. [PMID: 34935379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phonon scattering with photogenerated excitons and free charges greatly affects optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites and governs their emission line width. Benefiting from the improved phase purity, we are able to analyze exciton-phonon coupling in 2D and quasi-2D BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1-3) thin films using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The layer thickness (n value) dependent coupling of free excitons with both acoustic and longitudinal optical (LO) phonons was extracted quantitatively by fitting the temperature-dependent PL line width and band gap. The low energy emissive signatures below free excitons at low temperature might belong to the emission of self-trapped excitons and bounded excitons in structural defects. Our findings provide a systematic picture for the layer thickness (n value) dependent exciton-phonon coupling in 2D and quasi-2D perovskite thin films and could be helpful for improving the optoelectronic performance of devices made by Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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17
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Baranowski M, Surrente A, Plochocka P. Two Dimensional Perovskites/Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Heterostructures: Puzzles and Challenges. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses UPR 3228 CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA 38042, 31400 Grenoble, Toulouse France
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18
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Dyksik M, Duim H, Maude DK, Baranowski M, Loi MA, Plochocka P. Brightening of dark excitons in 2D perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk0904. [PMID: 34757785 PMCID: PMC8580304 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically inactive dark exciton states play an important role in light emission processes in semiconductors because they provide an efficient nonradiative recombination channel. Understanding the exciton fine structure in materials with potential applications in light-emitting devices is therefore critical. Here, we investigate the exciton fine structure in the family of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites (PEA)2SnI4, (PEA)2PbI4, and (PEA)2PbBr4. In-plane magnetic field mixes the bright and dark exciton states, brightening the otherwise optically inactive dark exciton. The bright-dark splitting increases with increasing exciton binding energy. Hot photoluminescence is observed, indicative of a non-Boltzmann distribution of the bright-dark exciton populations. We attribute this to the phonon bottleneck, which results from the weak exciton–acoustic phonon coupling in soft 2D perovskites. Hot photoluminescence is responsible for the strong emission observed in these materials, despite the substantial bright-dark exciton splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, University Grenoble Alpes, University Toulouse, University Toulouse 3, INSA-T, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Herman Duim
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Duncan K. Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, University Grenoble Alpes, University Toulouse, University Toulouse 3, INSA-T, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - Michal Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, University Grenoble Alpes, University Toulouse, University Toulouse 3, INSA-T, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Karpińska M, Liang M, Kempt R, Finzel K, Kamminga M, Dyksik M, Zhang N, Knodlseder C, Maude DK, Baranowski M, Kłopotowski Ł, Ye J, Kuc A, Plochocka P. Nonradiative Energy Transfer and Selective Charge Transfer in a WS 2/(PEA) 2PbI 4 Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33677-33684. [PMID: 34227384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures are currently the focus of intense investigation; this is essentially due to the unprecedented flexibility offered by the total relaxation of lattice matching requirements and their new and exotic properties compared to the individual layers. Here, we investigate the hybrid transition-metal dichalcogenide/2D perovskite heterostructure WS2/(PEA)2PbI4 (where PEA stands for phenylethylammonium). We present the first density functional theory (DFT) calculations of a heterostructure ensemble, which reveal a novel band alignment, where direct electron transfer is blocked by the organic spacer of the 2D perovskite. In contrast, the valence band forms a cascade from WS2 through the PEA to the PbI4 layer allowing hole transfer. These predictions are supported by optical spectroscopy studies, which provide compelling evidence for both charge transfer and nonradiative transfer of the excitation (energy transfer) between the layers. Our results show that TMD/2D perovskite (where TMD stands for transition-metal dichalcogenides) heterostructures provide a flexible and convenient way to engineer the band alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Karpińska
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Minpeng Liang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Kempt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Finzel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Machteld Kamminga
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nan Zhang
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Knodlseder
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Duncan K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Jianting Ye
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Neumann T, Feldmann S, Moser P, Delhomme A, Zerhoch J, van de Goor T, Wang S, Dyksik M, Winkler T, Finley JJ, Plochocka P, Brandt MS, Faugeras C, Stier AV, Deschler F. Manganese doping for enhanced magnetic brightening and circular polarization control of dark excitons in paramagnetic layered hybrid metal-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3489. [PMID: 34108469 PMCID: PMC8190121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials combining semiconductor functionalities with spin control are desired for the advancement of quantum technologies. Here, we study the magneto-optical properties of novel paramagnetic Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid perovskites Mn:(PEA)2PbI4 (PEA = phenethylammonium) and report magnetically brightened excitonic luminescence with strong circular polarization from the interaction with isolated Mn2+ ions. Using a combination of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, magneto-absorption and transient optical spectroscopy, we find that a dark exciton population is brightened by state mixing with the bright excitons in the presence of a magnetic field. Unexpectedly, the circular polarization of the dark exciton luminescence follows the Brillouin-shaped magnetization with a saturation polarization of 13% at 4 K and 6 T. From high-field transient magneto-luminescence we attribute our observations to spin-dependent exciton dynamics at early times after excitation, with first indications for a Mn-mediated spin-flip process. Our findings demonstrate manganese doping as a powerful approach to control excitonic spin physics in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, which will stimulate research on this highly tuneable material platform with promise for tailored interactions between magnetic moments and excitonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Neumann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Moser
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Alex Delhomme
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, LNCMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Zerhoch
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Tim van de Goor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martin S Brandt
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Clément Faugeras
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, LNCMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas V Stier
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Deschler
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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21
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Buizza LRV, Herz LM. Polarons and Charge Localization in Metal-Halide Semiconductors for Photovoltaic and Light-Emitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007057. [PMID: 33955594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide semiconductors have shown excellent performance in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and detectors. In this review the role of charge-lattice interactions and polaron formation in a wide range of these promising materials, including perovskites, double perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, nanocrystals, vacancy-ordered, and other novel structures, is summarized. The formation of Fröhlich-type "large" polarons in archetypal bulk metal-halide ABX3 perovskites and its dependence on A-cation, B-metal, and X-halide composition, which is now relatively well understood, are discussed. It is found that, for nanostructured and novel metal-halide materials, a larger variation in the strengths of polaronic effects is reported across the literature, potentially deriving from variations in potential barriers and the presence of interfaces at which lattice relaxation may be enhanced. Such findings are further discussed in the context of different experimental approaches used to explore polaronic effects, cautioning that firm conclusions are often hampered by the presence of alternate processes and interactions giving rise to similar experimental signatures. Overall, a complete understanding of polaronic effects will prove essential given their direct influence on optoelectronic properties such as charge-carrier mobilities and emission spectra, which are critical to the performance of energy and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R V Buizza
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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22
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Liang M, Lin W, Zhao Q, Zou X, Lan Z, Meng J, Shi Q, Castelli IE, Canton SE, Pullerits T, Zheng K. Free Carriers versus Self-Trapped Excitons at Different Facets of Ruddlesden-Popper Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4965-4971. [PMID: 34014103 PMCID: PMC8279734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical origin of sub-band gap photoluminescence in Ruddlesden-Poppers two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is still under debate. In this paper, we studied the photoluminescence features from two different facets of 2D LHP single crystals: the in-plane facet (IF) containing the 2D inorganic layers and the facet perpendicular to the 2D layers (PF). At the IF, the free carriers (FCs) dominate due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in a symmetric lattice. At the PF, the strain accumulation along the 2D layers enhances the electron-phonon coupling and facilitates self-trapped exciton (STE) formation. The time-resolved PL studies indicate that free carriers (FCs) at the IF can move freely and display the trapping by the intrinsic defects. The STEs at the PF are not likely trapped by the defects due to the reduced mobility. However, with increasing STE density, the STE transport is promoted, enabling the trapping of STE by the intrinsic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhenyun Lan
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qi Shi
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivano E. Castelli
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Tönu Pullerits
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- (K.Z.)
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23
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Dyksik M, Wang S, Paritmongkol W, Maude DK, Tisdale WA, Baranowski M, Plochocka P. Tuning the Excitonic Properties of the 2D (PEA) 2(MA) n-1Pb nI 3n+1 Perovskite Family via Quantum Confinement. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1638-1643. [PMID: 33555896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals, the excitonic properties and band structure scale strongly with the thickness, providing a new playground for the investigation of exciton physics in the ultimate confinement regime. Here, we demonstrate the evolution of the fundamental excitonic properties, such as reduced mass, wave function extension, and exciton binding energy, in the 2D perovskite (PEA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1, for n = 1, 2, 3. These parameters are experimentally determined using optical spectroscopy in a high magnetic field up to 65 T. The observation of the interband Landau level transitions provides direct access to the reduced effective mass μ and band gap Eg. We show that μ increases with the number of inorganic sheets n, reaching the value of three-dimensional (3D) MAPbI3 already for n = 3. Our experimental observations contradict the general expectation that quantum confinement leads to an enhanced carrier mass, showing another aspect of the unprecedented flexibility in the design of the electronic properties of 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Duncan K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michal Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Feldstein D, Perea-Causín R, Wang S, Dyksik M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Plochocka P, Malic E. Microscopic Picture of Electron-Phonon Interaction in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9975-9982. [PMID: 33180499 PMCID: PMC7735742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites have attracted much attention due to their remarkable optical properties. While it is well established that excitons dominate their optical response, the impact of higher excitonic states and formation of phonon sidebands in optical spectra still need to be better understood. Here, we perform a theoretical study of excitonic properties of monolayered hybrid organic perovskites-supported by temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Solving the Wannier equation, we obtain microscopic access to the Rydberg-like series of excitonic states including their wave functions and binding energies. Exploiting the generalized Elliot formula, we calculate the photoluminescence spectra demonstrating a pronounced contribution of a phonon sideband for temperatures up to 50 K, in agreement with experimental measurements. Finally, we predict temperature-dependent line widths of the three energetically lowest excitonic transitions and identify the underlying phonon-driven scattering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feldstein
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Campus
Nord, Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Raül Perea-Causín
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Shuli Wang
- UPR
3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- UPR
3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- UPR
3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ermin Malic
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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25
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Srimath Kandada AR, Li H, Thouin F, Bittner ER, Silva C. Stochastic scattering theory for excitation-induced dephasing: Time-dependent nonlinear coherent exciton lineshapes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164706. [PMID: 33138398 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a stochastic theory that treats time-dependent exciton-exciton s-wave scattering and that accounts for dynamic Coulomb screening, which we describe within a mean-field limit. With this theory, we model excitation-induced dephasing effects on time-resolved two-dimensional coherent optical lineshapes and we identify a number of features that can be attributed to the many-body dynamics occurring in the background of the exciton, including dynamic line narrowing, mixing of real and imaginary spectral components, and multi-quantum states. We test the model by means of multidimensional coherent spectroscopy on a two-dimensional metal-halide semiconductor that hosts tightly bound excitons and biexcitons that feature strong polaronic character. We find that the exciton nonlinear coherent lineshape reflects many-body correlations that give rise to excitation-induced dephasing. Furthermore, we observe that the exciton lineshape evolves with the population time over time windows in which the population itself is static in a manner that reveals the evolution of the multi-exciton many-body couplings. Specifically, the dephasing dynamics slow down with time, at a rate that is governed by the strength of exciton many-body interactions and on the dynamic Coulomb screening potential. The real part of the coherent optical lineshape displays strong dispersive character at zero time, which transforms to an absorptive lineshape on the dissipation timescale of excitation-induced dephasing effects, while the imaginary part displays converse behavior. Our microscopic theoretical approach is sufficiently flexible to allow for a wide exploration of how system-bath dynamics contribute to linear and non-linear time-resolved spectral behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Félix Thouin
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Eric R Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Carlos Silva
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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26
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Ziegler JD, Zipfel J, Meisinger B, Menahem M, Zhu X, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Yaffe O, Egger DA, Chernikov A. Fast and Anomalous Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6674-6681. [PMID: 32786939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are currently in the spotlight of condensed matter and nanotechnology research due to their intriguing optoelectronic and vibrational properties with emerging potential for light-harvesting and light-emitting applications. While it is known that these natural quantum wells host tightly bound excitons, the mobilities of these fundamental optical excitations at the heart of the optoelectronic applications are barely explored. Here, we directly monitor the diffusion of excitons through ultrafast emission microscopy from liquid helium to room temperature in hBN-encapsulated two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. We find very fast diffusion with characteristic hallmarks of free exciton propagation for all temperatures above 50 K. In the cryogenic regime, we observe nonlinear, anomalous behavior with an exceptionally rapid expansion of the exciton cloud followed by a very slow and even negative effective diffusion. We discuss our findings in view of efficient exciton-phonon coupling, highlighting two-dimensional hybrids as promising platforms for basic research and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Jonas Zipfel
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Barbara Meisinger
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Matan Menahem
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
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