1
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Mishra A, Lzaod S, Dutta T, Bhattacharya S. Selective Bacterial Growth Inactivation by pH-Sensitive Sulfanilamide Functionalized Carbon Dots. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:2752-2761. [PMID: 38662509 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized hydrothermally by mixing citric acid (CA) and an antifolic agent, sulfanilamide (SNM), employed for pH sensing and bacterial growth inactivation. Sulfanilamide is a prodrug; aromatic hetero cyclization of the amine moiety along with other chemical modifications produces an active pharmacological compound (chloromycetin and miconazole), mostly administered for the treatment of various microbial infections. On the other hand, the efficacy of the sulfanilamide molecule as a drug for antimicrobial activity was very low. We anticipated that the binding of the sulfanilamide molecule on the carbon dot (CD) surface may form antibacterial CDs. Citric acid was hybridized with sulfanilamide during the hydrothermal preparation of the CDs. The molecular fragments of bioactivated sulfanilamide molecule play a crucial role in bacterial growth inactivation for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The functional groups of citric acid and sulfanilamide were conserved during the CD formation, facilitating the zwitterionic behavior of CDs associated with its photophysical activity. At low concentrations of CDs, the antibacterial activity was apparent for Gram-positive bacteria only. This Gram-positive bacteria selectivity was also rationalized by zeta potential measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Stanzin Lzaod
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tanmay Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sagarika Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur 492010, India
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2
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Wang H, Sun H, Shao H, Liu F, Xu S, Zheng P, Zheng L, Ying Z, Zheng H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. Multi-functional ratiometric detection based on dual-emitting N-doped carbon dots. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 313:124149. [PMID: 38490120 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescence probes based on multi-emission carbon dots improve accuracy and sensitivity on detecting various environment issues. Herein, a novel dual-emitting N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was synthesized from citric acid and urea via a solvothermal method in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The blue and orange emissions of N-CDs in water were modulated, and pure white light-emitting with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) was achieved. The two PL centers behaved differently for Fe3+, Cu2+ and Ag+ ions, with the limit of detection (LOD) of ppm as fluorescence probes. Additionally, N-CDs displayed unique solvatochromism phenomenon. A new green emission appeared in organic solvents and gradually quenched with the increase of solvent polarity. The ratiometric PL displayed an excellent linear response for detecting water, and the LOD was between 0.003 % and 0.3 % in DMF, ethanol, isopropanol and N-methylpyrrolidone. Furthermore, N-CDs exhibited pH-sensitive response in the range of 4.0-7.0 and temperature-dependent response during heating-cooling cycles between 15 and 70 °C. A simple, efficient and reliable multi-functional ratiometric probe for detecting metal ions, water content, pH and temperature simultaneously was realized. However, there is a need for future application research to overcome the limitation imposed by the excitation wavelength of 330 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongcan Sun
- Advance Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - HaiBao Shao
- School of Electronics and Information, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Advance Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhong Xu
- Advance Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Ying
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Sangeetha UK, Sudhakaran N, Parvathy PA, Abraham M, Das S, De S, Sahoo SK. Coconut husk-lignin derived carbon dots incorporated carrageenan based functional film for intelligent food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131005. [PMID: 38522705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) derived from sustainable natural feed-stocks like lignin have gained wide acceptance by virtue of their renewability and promising potential in intelligent sensing applications. The precursor lignin is isolated from agro-biomass waste, coconut husk through sodium hydroxide based extraction process. CDs are synthesised from amine functionalized lignin through solvothermal process and integrated into carrageenan biopolymer matrix (1, 2 and 3 wt%). The composite film with 2 wt% CDs (CARR2CD) showed optimum fluorescent emission intensity, excellent pH dependent fluorescent color change in the food pH range, reasonable tensile strength (46.50 ± 1.32 MPa) and 27 % increase in elongation at break. CDs imparted UV-light blocking properties (70 % UV-light) and enhanced hydrophobicity of the carrageenan matrix. CARR2CD film showed 84 % visible light transparency, 79 % reduction in oxygen transmittance rate (OTR), 81 % reduction in CO2 gas permeability and excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties (against E. coli and S. aureus). As a practical application, the developed responsive packaging material is used to track pH change associated with milk spoilage via noticeable color change in fluorescent emission of the composite film. Thus, the developed responsive composite film paves a way for use as green and sustainable transparent intelligent food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Sangeetha
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nandhana Sudhakaran
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - P A Parvathy
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Malini Abraham
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subrata Das
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sriparna De
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata 700125, India
| | - Sushanta K Sahoo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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Dos Santos de Almeida W, Gomes Abegão LM, Vinicius Silva Alves A, de Oliveira Souza Silva J, Oliveira de Souza S, d'Errico F, Midori Sussuchi E. Carbon Dots based Tissue Equivalent Dosimeter as an Ionizing Radiation Sensor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303771. [PMID: 38118132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the potential of carbon dots as a fluorescent probe in the determination of heavy ions and as an electrochemical biosensor. It also discusses how carbon dots can be introduced into the Fricke solution to potentially serve as an ionizing radiation sensor. The study presents a novel tissue equivalent dosimeter carbon dots-based as an ionizing radiation sensor. The methodology for the synthesis of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots N-CDs and the characterization of the material are described. The results show that the N-CDs have a high sensitivity to ionizing radiation and can be used as a dosimeter for radiation detection. The study also discusses the limitations and challenges of using carbon dots as a dosimeter for ionizing radiation. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential applications of carbon dots in different fields and highlights the importance of further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandson Dos Santos de Almeida
- Grupo de Pesquisa em sensores eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SenM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnolodia- LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | - Luis Miguel Gomes Abegão
- Grupo de Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, 1533, Campus, Samambaia, Goiânia/GO, CEP 74690900
| | - Anderson Vinicius Silva Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | - Jonatas de Oliveira Souza Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em sensores eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SenM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnolodia- LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | - Susana Oliveira de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | | | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em sensores eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SenM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnolodia- LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
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5
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Emam HE. Carbon quantum dots derived from polysaccharides: Chemistry and potential applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121503. [PMID: 37985091 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of 21th century, nanoscience and nanotechnology become the most promising topics in various fields, attributing to the superior characters of nanoscaled structures. The conventional quantum dots are substituted with new family of luminescent nanostructures, owing to their interchanged optical properties, low-cost of fabrication, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, ecofriendly, hydrophilicity and superior chemical stability. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were recently investigated for their simple synthesis, bio-consonance, and different revelation applicability. Obeying the green chemistry aspects, this review demonstrates an overview about CQDs generated from polysaccharides in brief, with a background on CQDs discovery, chemical composition, green synthesis via exploitation of different polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, chitin, etc) as biocompatible/biodegradable abundant biopolymers. Additionally, applications of CQDs originated from polysaccharides in environmental purposes, textiles industry and medical activities were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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6
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Zhou X, Pang Y, Wang Y, Yan W, Zhang Y, Zou J, Yuan Y. Colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode pH sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots and its diverse applications. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:478. [PMID: 37993700 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A dual-mode pH sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) with the source of o-phenylenediamine and tryptophan has been constructed. Under the stimulation of pH, the N-CDs exhibited prominent both color and fluorescence changes, leading to the rarely discovered colorimetric and fluorescent dual-readouts for the evaluation of pH. The mathematic relationship was established between pH and fluorescence intensity of N-CDs, and between pH and the UV-Vis absorbance ratio at 630 nm and 488 nm of N-CDs, respectively, over a quite broad pH range of 2.2 to 12.0. Multiple techniques are used to explore the dual-mode pH-responsive mechanism, and the preliminary explanation is put forward. The experimental results show that the N-CDs have visualized pH sensing applicability for actual samples, including various water samples and HeLa cell. Furthermore, the N-CD ink is developed for successful information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work might provide valuable insights into the sensing mechanism of CDs, and the application potential of CDs in broader fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuanhao Pang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wenju Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jianmei Zou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yali Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China.
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China.
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7
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Garcia-Millan T, Ramos-Soriano J, Ghirardello M, Liu X, Santi CM, Eloi JC, Pridmore N, Harniman RL, Morgan DJ, Hughes S, Davis SA, Oliver TAA, Kurian KM, Galan MC. Multicolor Photoluminescent Carbon Dots à La Carte for Biomedical Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44711-44721. [PMID: 37715711 PMCID: PMC10540137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emission fluorescence probes that provide high sensitivity are key for biomedical diagnostic applications. Nontoxic carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging alternative to traditional fluorescent probes; however, robust and reproducible synthetic strategies are still needed to access materials with controlled emission profiles and improved fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs). Herein, we report a practical and general synthetic strategy to access dual-emission CDs with FQYs as high as 0.67 and green/blue, yellow/blue, or red/blue excitation-dependent emission profiles using common starting materials such as citric acid, cysteine, and co-dopants to bias the synthetic pathway. Structural and physicochemical analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance, absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in addition to transmission electron and atomic force microscopy (TEM and AFM) is used to elucidate the material's composition which is responsible for the unique observed photoluminescence properties. Moreover, the utility of the probes is demonstrated in the clinical setting by the synthesis of green/blue emitting antibody-CD conjugates which are used for the immunohistochemical staining of human brain tissues of glioblastoma patients, showing detection under two different emission channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Xia Liu
- Bristol
Medical School, Public Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Southmead Road, Bristol BS8 NB, U.K.
| | | | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Natalie Pridmore
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - David J. Morgan
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
- HarwellXPS—The
EPSRC National Facility for Photoelectron, Spectroscopy, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hughes
- DST
Innovations Ltd, Unit
6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend CF31 3SH, U.K.
| | - Sean A. Davis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Thomas A. A. Oliver
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Bristol
Medical School, Public Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Southmead Road, Bristol BS8 NB, U.K.
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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Moniruzzaman M, Kim J. Synthesis and post-synthesis strategies for polychromatic carbon dots toward unique and tunable multicolor photoluminescence and associated emission mechanism. Nanoscale 2023; 15:13858-13885. [PMID: 37535002 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with unique and tunable multicolor photoluminescence (PL) emission has attracted tremendous attention in the past few years due to their potential multifaceted application, specially in the biomedical and optoelectronic fields. There has been extensive deliberation and efforts to engineer the synthesis or post synthesis approach to obtain multicolor-emissive CDs and tune their optical properties toward longer wavelength. This review mainly focuses on the advancement of strategies for synthesis and post-synthesis techniques of CDs toward tunable multicolor emission. Based on the above discussion to achieve desired goals, several synthesis strategies (selection of proper benzenoid precursor, acid/base treatment of biomass, optimization of reaction conditions, optimization of the reagents, solvent engineering, acid strength regulation, reaction temperature regulation, chemical doping) and various post synthesis strategies (column chromatographic separation or purification, solvatochromism, pH variation, surface functionalization, concentration variation) have been reviewed. Although numerous research articles have been published on the synthesis of multicolor CDs for multifaceted application, there is still a lack of a concise review article focusing on systematic synthesis/post synthesis strategies with PL mechanism elucidation. Thus, we focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advances on the strategies for the preparation of polychromatic CDs with tunable emission and elucidating their emission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Du F, Yang LP, Wang LL. Synthetic strategies, properties and sensing application of multicolor carbon dots: recent advances and future challenges. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8117-8135. [PMID: 37555267 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01329d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) as newly developed carbon-based nanomaterials due to advantages such as excellent photostability and easy surface functionalization have generated wide application prospects in fields such as biological imaging and chemical sensing. The multicolor emission carbon dots (M-CDs) were acquired through the selection of different carbon source precursors, change of synthesis conditions and synthesis environment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in polychromatic CDs from the perspectives of synthesis strategies, luminescent mechanisms, luminescent properties and applications. This review focuses on how to prepare MCDs by changing raw materials and synthesis conditions such as reaction temperature, synthesis time, synthesis pH, and synthesis solvent. This review also presents the optical properties of MCDs, concentration effects, solvent effects, pH effects, elemental doping, and surface passivation on them, as well as their creative applications in the field of sensing applications. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a guide for the development of multifunctional M-CDs and inspire future research on controllable design and preparation of M-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Du
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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10
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Benner D, Yadav P, Bhatia D. Red emitting carbon dots: surface modifications and bioapplications. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:4337-4353. [PMID: 37638168 PMCID: PMC10448348 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), and carbon quantum dots (CDs) in particular, have received significant attention for their special characteristics. These particles, on the scale of several nanometers, are often produced using simple and green methods, with naturally occurring organic precursors. In addition to facile production methods, CDs present advantageous applications in the field of medicine, primarily for bioimaging, antibacterial and therapeutics. Also, CDs present great potential for surface modification through methods like doping or material mixing during synthesis. However, the bulk of current literature focuses on CDs emitting in the blue wavelengths which are not very suitable for biological applications. Red emitting CDs are therefore of additional interest due to their brightness, photostability, novelty and deeper tissue penetration. In this review article, red CDs, their methods of production, and their biological applications for translational research are explored in depth, with emphasis on the effects of surface modifications and doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Benner
- Department of Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station 77843 Texas USA
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj 382355 Gujarat India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj 382355 Gujarat India
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11
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Xu O, Yang J, Song H, Dong L, Xia J, Zhu X. Novel Zn/Co–N co-doped carbon quantum dot-based “on-off-on” fluorescent sensor for Fe(III) and ascorbic acid. Talanta Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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12
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He YF, Cheng K, Zhong ZT, Hou XL, An CZ, Zhang J, Chen W, Liu B, Yuan J, Zhao YD. Carbon quantum dot fluorescent probe for labeling and imaging of stellate cell on liver frozen section below freezing point. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341210. [PMID: 37121658 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The targeted labeling imaging of stellate cells on liver frozen section by immunofluorescence is a very promising visualization technique to study the distribution of stellate cells in the liver. In this study, water soluble carbon quantum dots that can emit blue, green and yellow fluorescence are synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and their sizes are 3.2, 3.7, and 4.3 nm, respectively. The three carbon quantum dots have good fluorescence stability, and the quantum yields are 36.1%, 26.3% and 21%, respectively. When the mass fraction of KCl in the blue carbon quantum dot dispersion system is 13%, it still maintains the liquid state at -30 °C. The final fluorescent probe is obtained after the carbon quantum dots are coupled with the secondary antibody, spectral characterizations confirm that the conjugate probe still maintains protein immunoactivity and has good stability. Cell experiments prove that the probe has good biocompatibility, the rabbit anti-mouse Desmin antibody is used as the primary antibody, the results of cellular immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry show that the probe can specifically label hepatic stellate cell at -20 °C. The results of liver frozen section experiments show that hepatic stellate cell can be specifically targeted and labeled by the fluorescent probe. This labeling technology provides an important technical means for elucidating the structure and function of the liver at the cellular level, exploring the liver pathological change, and designing and developing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei He
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zi-Tao Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lin Hou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chang-Zhi An
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China.
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13
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Sun H, Zhou L, Gong R, Zhang M, Shen S, Liu M, Wang C, Xu X, Li Z, Cheng J, Chen W, Zhu L. A Single Carbon-Dot System Enabling Multiple Stimuli Activated Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:22415-22425. [PMID: 37104144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (RTPCDs) have attracted considerable interests due to their unique nanoluminescent characteristic with time resolution. However, it is still a formidable challenge to construct multiple stimuli-activated RTP behaviors on CDs. Since the address of this issue facilitates complex and high-regulatable phosphorescent applications, we here develop a novel strategy to achieve a multiple stimuli responsive phosphorescent activation on a single carbon-dot system (S-CDs), using persulfurated aromatic carboxylic acid as the precursor. The introduction of aromatic carbonyl groups and multiple S atoms can promote the intersystem crossing process to generate RTP characteristic of the produced CDs. Meanwhile, by introducing these functional surface groups into S-CDs, the RTP property can be activated by light, acid, and thermal stimuli in solution or in film state. In this way, multistimuli responsive and tunable RTP characteristics are realized in the single carbon-dot system. Based on this set of RTP properties, S-CDs is applied to photocontrolled imaging in living cells, anticounterfeit label, and multilevel information encryption. Our work will benefit the development of multifunctional nanomaterials together with extending their application scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruoqu Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mouwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianshuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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14
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Du Y, Cao L, Li X, Zhu T, Yan R, Dong WF, Li L. Preparation and application of high-brightness red carbon quantum dots for pH and oxidized L-glutathione dual response. Analyst 2023; 148:2375-2386. [PMID: 37129055 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with red fluorescence emission are highly desirable for use in bioimaging and trace- substance detection, with potential applications in biotherapy, photothermal therapy, and tumor visualization. Most CDs emit green or blue fluorescence, thus limiting their applicability. We report a novel fluorescent detection platform based on high-brightness red fluorescence emission carbon dots (R-CDs) co-doped with nitrogen and bromine, which exhibit pH and oxidized L-glutathione (GSSG) dual-responsive characteristics. The absolute quantum yield of the R-CDs was as high as 11.93%. We discovered that the R-CDs were able to detect acidic pH in live cells and zebrafish owing to protonation and deprotonation. In addition, GSSG was detected in vitro over a broad linear range (8-200 μM) using the R-CDs with excitation-independent emission. Furthermore, cell imaging and bioimaging experiments demonstrated that the R-CDs were highly cytocompatible and could be used as fluorescent probes to target lysosomes and nucleolus. These studies highlight the promising prospects of R-CDs as biosensing tools for bioimaging and trace-substance detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Du
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Xinlu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Ruhong Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215153, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Li Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
- Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250104, China.
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15
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Daphne Jacinth Gracia K, Sheeba Thavamani S, Peter Amaladhas T. Bio‐Derived Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Metal Sensing and DNA Binding Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Daphne Jacinth Gracia
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, V.O. Chidambaram College Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Tuticorin 628008, Tamilnadu India
- Research Scholar, Reg. No. 19212232032022
| | - S. Sheeba Thavamani
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, V.O. Chidambaram College Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Tuticorin 628008, Tamilnadu India
| | - T. Peter Amaladhas
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, V.O. Chidambaram College Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Tuticorin 628008, Tamilnadu India
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16
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Liu M, Sun Z, Guo R. Selective and Sensitive Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Based on Aminoguanidine-Functionalized Carbon Dots Synthesized by One-Step Hydrothermal Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Tao Y, Yang L, Tian M, Wang D, Wang L, Wang J, Quan T, Liu S, Zhang K, Xia Z, Gao D. Acid-mediated synthesis coupled with liquid–liquid extraction separation for obtaining red and orange double-color carbon dots: Application for pH, water sensing and cell-imaging. Microchem J 2022; 182:107901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Yi H, Liu J, Yao J, Wang R, Shi W, Lu C. Photoluminescence Mechanism of Carbon Dots: Triggering Multiple Color Emissions through Controlling the Degree of Protonation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196517. [PMID: 36235054 PMCID: PMC9571308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have excellent optical properties, low toxicity and easy preparation, which have led to them being widely used in biomedicine, sensing and optical devices. However, although great progress has been made in the preparation of CDs, the detailed exploration of their photoluminescence (PL) mechanism is still under debate due to their complex structures and surface functionalities. Here, we proposed a single change in the pH of the synthesis condition, which had no effect on the CDs intrinsic core states and avoided the mutual influence of multiple PL origins. The m-phenylenediamine (m–PD) served as a carbon source, whose protonation degree determined the surface state of the resulting CDs and the accompanying fluorescence characteristics. The as-obtained CDs materials can be applied in the chemical sensor and anti-counterfeiting fields in a targeted manner. Therefore, our work not only contributes to the explanation of the CDs PL mechanism, but also obtains a series of CDs materials with controllable PL properties.
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19
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Li Y, Liu C, Chen M, Zheng Y, Tian H, Shi R, He X, Lin X. Preparing Colour-Tunable Tannic Acid-Based Carbon Dots by Changing the pH Value of the Reaction System. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12173062. [PMID: 36080100 PMCID: PMC9457928 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomass carbon dots (CDs) have the characteristics of being green, nontoxic, inexpensive, and simple to prepare, and they can be used in luminescence-related fields. In this study, red, green, and blue luminescent CDs were synthesised by a simple hydrothermal method under alkaline, neutral, and acidic conditions using TA as carbon source and o-phthalaldehyde as blend. The unique optical properties of these CDs are due to the differences in their degrees of conjugation, which can be controlled by the pH value of the reaction system. These three kinds of biomass CDs have good applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). By mixing biomass CDs with epoxy resin, warm, and cold white LEDs with Commission Internationale de l'Elcairage (CIE) coordinates (0.35, 0.36) were successfully constructed on extremely stable multicolour CDs. This study shows that these biomass CDs are a promising material for white LED lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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20
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Lu X, Zhang S, Shi W, Cheng D, Li HW, Xu S, Dong B. Tunable photoluminescence emission from surface-state to carbon core-state of PAMAM carbonized polymer dots and its high-sensitive detection of copper(II). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Głowacki MJ, Ficek M, Sawczak M, Wcisło A, Bogdanowicz R. Fluorescence of nanodiamond cocktails: pH-induced effects through interactions with comestible liquids. Food Chem 2022; 381:132206. [PMID: 35114620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds with nitrogen-vacancy centers have become important nanoscale probes for sensing and imaging. The surface chemistry of the nanodiamonds influences their emission, interactions, and quantum properties. In this work, we propose to utilize fluorescent nanodiamonds as photostable markers for investigation of comestible liquids. We prepared nanodiamond/comestibles suspensions/cocktails with a wide range of pH levels and studied the samples via fluorescence, wettability, and zeta potential. The composition of the created cocktails revealed a strong impact on the properties of the nanodiamond and its surface chemistry, mainly induced by pH but also tuned by specific quenching compounds. Moreover, the stability of the nanodiamonds in the cocktail media was studied, along with various nature-originated compounds influencing their surface termination, polarity, and charge states. Thanks to the stability and biocompatibility of the nanodiamond, it can be applied in monitoring the condition of foodstuffs, and in the detection of toxins and pathogens in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Głowacki
- Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sawczak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, 14 Fiszera St., 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Wcisło
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 63 Wita Stwosza St., 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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22
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Navrotskaya A, Aleksandrova D, Chekini M, Yakavets I, Kheiri S, Krivoshapkina E, Kumacheva E. Nanostructured Temperature Indicator for Cold Chain Logistics. ACS Nano 2022; 16:8641-8650. [PMID: 35451833 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food, chemicals, agricultural products, drugs, and vaccines should be transported and stored within an appropriate low-temperature range, following cold chain logistics. Violations of the required temperature regime are generally reported by time-temperature indicators; however, current sensors do not cover a sufficiently broad low-temperature range and may lack thermal and photostability. Here, we report a nanostructured solvatochromic temperature indicator formed from cellulose nanocrystals decorated with carbon dots (C-dots). The indicator utilizes a strong nonlinear dependence of photoluminescence of C-dots on the composition of water/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent and a composition-dependent variation of the melting temperature of the water/DMSO mixture. Exceeding the temperature of the frozen mixed solvent above a designated threshold value results in solvent melting, flow, and impregnation of the nanostructured film, thus causing an irreversible change in the intensity and wavelength of photoluminescence emission of the film, which is reported both qualitatively and quantitatively. The indicator covers a temperature range from -68 to +19 °C and is cost-efficient, portable and photo- and thermostable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darya Aleksandrova
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Mahshid Chekini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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23
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Xu O, Wan S, Yang J, Song H, Dong L, Xia J, Zhu X. Ni-MOF Functionalized Carbon Dots with Fluorescence and Adsorption Performance for Rapid Detection of Fe (III) and Ascorbic Acid. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1743-1754. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Garcia-Millan T, Swift TA, Morgan DJ, Harniman RL, Masheder B, Hughes S, Davis SA, Oliver TAA, Galan MC. Small variations in reaction conditions tune carbon dot fluorescence. Nanoscale 2022; 14:6930-6940. [PMID: 35466987 PMCID: PMC9109711 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of robust and reproducible synthetic strategies for the production of carbon dots (CDs) with improved fluorescence quantum yields and distinct emission profiles is of great relevance given the vast range of applications of CDs. The fundamental understanding at a molecular level of their formation mechanism, chemical structure and how these parameters are correlated to their photoluminescence (PL) properties is thus essential. In this study, we describe the synthesis and structural characterization of a range of CDs with distinct physico-chemical properties. The materials were prepared under three minutes of microwave irradiation using the same common starting materials (D-glucosamine hydrochloride 1 and ethylenediamine 2) but modifying the stoichiometry of the reagents. We show that small variation in reaction conditions leads to changes in the fluorescent behaviour of the CDs, especially in the selective enhancement of overlapped fluorescence bands. Structural analysis of the different CD samples suggested different reaction pathways during the CD formation and surface passivation, with the latter step being key to the observed differences. Moreover, we demonstrate that these materials have distinct reversible response to pH changes, which we can be attribute to different behaviour towards protonation/deprotonation events of distinct emission domains present within each nanomaterial. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the reaction pathways that lead to the formation of this carbon-based nanomaterials and how this can be exploited to develop tailored materials towards specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A Swift
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- HarwellXPS, - ESPRC National Facility for XPS, Research Complex at Harwell (RcAH), Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Benjamin Masheder
- DST Innovations Ltd, Unit 6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend, CF31 3SH, UK
| | - Stephen Hughes
- DST Innovations Ltd, Unit 6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend, CF31 3SH, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Thomas A A Oliver
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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25
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Chen BB, Chang S, Jiang L, Lv J, Gao YT, Wang Y, Qian RC, Li DW, Hafez ME. Reversible polymerization of carbon dots based on dynamic covalent imine bond. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:464-469. [PMID: 35483178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as new type of carbon-based nanoparticles, are considered to be an aggregate with irreversible polymerization. Achieving the reversible tunability of CDs luminescence based on their reversible polymerization is a challenging subject. Herein, we, for the first time, design and construct the blue-emitting CDs with reversible polymerization by a room-temperature Schiff base reaction between tannic acid and ethylenediamine. The formation of CDs is proven to be due to the crosslinking polymerization of precursors caused by imine bond. As a dynamic covalent bond, imine bond endows CDs with controllable structural transformation properties, and the prepared CDs can be depolymerized and polymerized reversibly by pH-controlled imine bond cleavage and re-formation. These properties of reversible fluorescence photoswitching make the CDs have a good application prospect in reversible information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ya-Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed Hafez
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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26
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Yang L, Liu S, Quan T, Tao Y, Tian M, Wang L, Wang J, Wang D, Gao D. Sulfuric-acid-mediated synthesis strategy for multi-colour aggregation-induced emission fluorescent carbon dots: Application in anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, and rapid cytoplasmic imaging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:650-63. [PMID: 35030344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission fluorescent carbon dots (AIE-CDs) have applications in the fields of multi-colour anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, and imaging. In this study, four AIE-CDs (B-AIE-CDs, G-AIE-CDs, Y-AIE-CDs, and O-AIE-CDs) with blue, green, yellow, and orange fluorescence at high concentrations were fabricated using crystal violet as a precursor, solutions with different sulfuric acid concentrations as solvents under different temperatures and reaction times for the first time. The structural properties and fluorescence behaviour of the AIE-CDs were investigated. The results revealed that the sulfuric acid concentration had a significant effect on the fluorescence colour of the AIE-CDs because sulfuric acid can affect the degree of carbonisation, the type and content of nitrogen. Moreover, the reaction temperature and time affected the surface-defect state and the degree of carbonisation of the AIE-CDs, which affected the emission wavelength and quantum yield (QY) of the AIE-CDs. Furthermore, to exploit the unique characteristics (polychromatic aggregation fluorescence and acid-sensitive properties) of the obtained-AIE-CDs, anti-counterfeiting and information encryption methodologies (i.e., acid-stimuli-response producing multi-colour fluorescence) were preliminarily developed. Finally, B-AIE-CDs with a high QY of 43.5% were successfully used for rapid cytoplasmic imaging, demonstrating their applicability in biological fields.
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27
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Zhang C, Dai D, Zhao G, Lu W, Fan J. Origin of proton induced fluorescence quenching of colloidal carbon dots: reshaping of Schrödinger wavefunctions and huge red shift of transition energy. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:205503. [PMID: 35108697 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching by protons is a universal phenomenon but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we take the fluorescent amide-terminated carbon dots as a prototype to study the proton fluorescence quenching mechanism by using both experiments and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The study reveals that when an approached proton is captured by the weakly negatively charged fluorophore group of the colloidal carbon dot, it will substantially change the electron wavefunctions owing to the strong proton-electron interaction, and this leads to highly diminished energy gap and resultant fluorescence quenching in the visible spectral region. The protons generated by hydrolysis of various types of metal ions also exhibit fruitful fluorescence quenching and the quenching efficiency is roughly proportional to the hydrolysis constant of the metal ion. This fluorescence quenching mechanism is quite distinct from the conventional ones involving electron or energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejian Dai
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Zhao
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Fan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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28
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Abstract
The discovery of carbon dots (CDs) for environmental remediation has gained awareness because of the diverse economically viable and environmental friendly green precursors generated from biowastes and biomass compared to the toxic inorganic quantum dots and CDs prepared from chemical precursors. This review presents the recent progress in green CDs, including their synthesis methods and sensing applications for the detection of heavy metal ions such as Iron (III), Mercury (II), Copper (II), Chromium (VI), Lead (II), Arsenic (III), Cobalt (II), Aluminum (III), Silver (I), and Gold (III) which are prominent environmental pollutants. The comparison based on selectivity, sensitivity, quantum yield, detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensing mechanisms are also reported. This review also covers the performance of doped green CDs using heteroatoms, toward the detection of heavy metal ions. Apart from the future perspectives, this review provides a general guide to use such environmental friendly CDs to detect harmful pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Darinel Torres Landa
- Center for Research Engineering and Applied Sciences, Autonomous State University of Morelos (CIICAp-UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Naveen Kumar Reddy Bogireddy
- Center for Research Engineering and Applied Sciences, Autonomous State University of Morelos (CIICAp-UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.,Physics Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IF-UNAM), Distrito Federal C.P. 04510, México
| | - Inderbir Kaur
- Department of Electronics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110075, India
| | - Vandana Batra
- Department of Physics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110075, India
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- Center for Research Engineering and Applied Sciences, Autonomous State University of Morelos (CIICAp-UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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29
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Sarkar S, Roy D, Das A, Roy R, Das D, Das BK, Ghorai UK, Chattopadhyay KK. Probing the emission dynamics in nitrogen doped carbon dots by reversible capping with mercury (II) through surface chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanistic insight and emission dynamics have been explored of size dependent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (namely 3A,3B & 3C) with toxic metal Hg2+ ions via...
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Laysandra L, Kurniawan D, Wang CL, Chiang WH, Chiu YC. Synergistic Effect in a Graphene Quantum Dot-Enabled Luminescent Skinlike Copolymer for Long-Term pH Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60413-60424. [PMID: 34894653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The alluring properties of a luminescent graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanocomposite are unquestionable to realize many advanced applications, such as sweat pH sensors. The well-suited hydrophilic polymers to host GQDs can face an unavoidable swelling behavior, which deteriorates the mechanical stability, whereas the hydrophobic polymers can prevent swelling but at the same time barricade the analyte pathways to GQDs. To resolve the two aforementioned obstacles, we develop a nanocomposite film containing nitrogen-doped GQDs (NGQDs) incorporated into a transparent, elastic, and self-healable polymer matrix, composed of a hydrophobic n-butyl acrylate segment and a hydrophilic N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide segment for wearable healthcare pH sensors on the human body. Besides serving as the fluorescence source, NGQDs are also designed as a nano-cross-linker to promote abundant chemical and physical interactions within the nanocomposite network. This synergetic effect gives rise to a 10-fold higher mechanical strength, 7-fold increment in Young's modulus, 4-fold increment in toughness, and 15-fold more sensitivity in pH detection (pH 3-10) compared to those of the pristine copolymer and NGQDs, respectively. Moreover, the mechanically enhanced nanocomposite possesses a high self-healing efficiency (94%) at room temperature even under water and demonstrates a stable sensing performance after repetitive usage for 30 days. Our work provides insights into the simple preparation of human skinlike nanocomposite elastomers usable for wearable pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livy Laysandra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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31
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Hashemi N, Mousazadeh MH. Green synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots derived from red beetroot as a selective probe for Pd2+ detection. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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Li J, Xu O, Zhu X. A facile green and one-pot synthesis of grape seed-derived carbon quantum dots as a fluorescence probe for Cu(ii) and ascorbic acid. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34107-34116. [PMID: 35497280 PMCID: PMC9042380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05656e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an on–off–on fluorescence probe for the detection of trace Cu(ii) and ascorbic acid (AA) based on biomass-derived sulfur and nitrogen double heteroatom-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) was designed. For the first time, the probe (N,S-CDs) was prepared from grape seeds and thiourea as the precursor. Cu(ii) was added to the carbon point solution, the fluorescence intensity (FL) of N,S-CDs was strongly quenched (switch OFF) and the fluorescence probe turned to “ON” (switch ON) with the addition of AA. Under the optimal conditions, the as-synthesized N,S-CDs had a good detection performance for Cu(ii) and AA assay with the linearity ranges from 150–500 μg mL−1 and 0.1–400 μg mL−1, and the LODs were 0.048 mg L−1 and 0.036 mg L−1, respectively. The as-prepared N,S-CDs exhibited a low cytotoxicity and a good biocompatibility, which show their potential for application in the biological imaging of living cells. In this study, an on–off–on fluorescence probe for the detection of trace Cu(ii) and ascorbic acid (AA) based on biomass-derived sulfur and nitrogen double heteroatom-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) was designed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, College of Guangling, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
| | - Ouwen Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, College of Guangling, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
| | - Xiashi Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, College of Guangling, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 PR China
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33
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da Silva AO, Rodrigues MO, Sousa MH, Campos AFC. pH-Dependent surface properties of N–Cdots obtained by the hydrothermal method with multicolored emissions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jorns M, Pappas D. A Review of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Their Synthesis, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1448. [PMID: 34070762 PMCID: PMC8228846 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a particularly useful type of fluorescent nanoparticle that demonstrate biocompatibility, resistance to photobleaching, as well as diversity in composition and characteristics amongst the different types available. There are two main morphologies of CDs: Disk-shaped with 1-3 stacked sheets of aromatic carbon rings and quasi-spherical with a core-shell arrangement having crystalline and amorphous properties. They can be synthesized from various potentially environmentally friendly methods including hydrothermal carbonization, microwaving, pyrolysis or combustion, and are then purified via one or more methods. CDs can have either excitation wavelength-dependent or -independent emission with each having their own benefits in microscopic fluorescent imaging. Some CDs have an affinity for a particular cell type, organelle or chemical. This property allows the CDs to be used as sensors in a biological environment and can even provide quantitative information if the quenching or intensity of their fluorescence is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. In addition to fluorescent imaging, CDs can also be used for other applications including drug delivery, quality control, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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35
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Qin JX, Yang XG, Lv CF, Li YZ, Chen XX, Zhang ZF, Zang JH, Yang X, Liu KK, Dong L, Shan CX. Humidity Sensors Realized via Negative Photoconductivity Effect in Nanodiamonds. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4079-4084. [PMID: 33881881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the negative photoconductivity (NPC) effect has been observed in nanodiamonds (NDs) for the first time, and with illumination under a 660 nm laser lamp, the conductivity of the NDs decreases significantly. The NPC effect has been attributed to the trapping of carriers by the absorbed water molecules on the ND surfaces. A humidity sensor has been constructed based on the NPC effect of the NDs, and the sensitivity of the sensor can reach 106%, which is the highest value ever reported for carbon-based humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xu Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Gui Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chao-Fan Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue-Xia Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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36
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Liu C, Yang M, Hu J, Bao L, Tang B, Wei X, Zhao JL, Jin Z, Luo QY, Pang DW. Quantitatively Switchable pH-Sensitive Photoluminescence of Carbon Nanodots. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2727-2735. [PMID: 33705142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
pH sensing plays a key role in the life sciences as well as the environmental, industrial, and agricultural fields. Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with small size, low toxicity, and excellent stability hold great potential in pH sensing as nanoprobes due to their intrinsic pH-sensitive photoluminescence (PL). Nonetheless, the undesirable sensitivity and response range of C-dot PL toward pH cannot meet the requirements of practical applications, and the unclear pH-sensitive PL mechanism makes it difficult to control their pH sensitivity. Herein, the quantitative correlation of pH-sensitive PL with specific surface structures of C-dots is uncovered for the first time, to our best knowledge. The association of carboxylate and H+ increases the ratio of nonradiation to radiation decay of C-dots through excited-state proton transfer, resulting in the decrease of PL intensity. Meanwhile, the dissociation of α-H in β-dicarbonyl forming enolate increases the extent of delocalization of the C-dots conjugated system, which induces the PL broadening to the red region and a decreasing intensity. Based on the understanding of the pH-sensitive PL mechanism, the pH-sensitive PL of C-dots can be switched by quantitative modulation of carboxyl and β-dicarbonyl groups to achieve a desirable pH response range with high sensitivity. This work contributes to a better understanding of the pH-sensitive PL of C-dots and therefore presents an effective strategy for controllably tuning their pH sensitivity, facilitating the rational design of C-dot-based pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Zhao
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zongwen Jin
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing-Ying Luo
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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37
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Du F, Cheng Z, Wang G, Li M, Lu W, Shuang S, Dong C. Carbon Nanodots as a Multifunctional Fluorescent Sensing Platform for Ratiometric Determination of Vitamin B 2 and "Turn-Off" Detection of pH. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:2836-2844. [PMID: 33621092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized carbon nanodots (CNDs) by a one-pot hydrothermal method to carbonize precursors of dry carnation petals and polyethylenimine. The obtained CNDs possess favorable photostability, good biocompatibility, and excellent water solubility, which can serve as a dual-responsive nanosensor for the determination of vitamin B2 (VB2) and pH. A unique ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe was developed through a strong interaction between VB2 and surface moieties of CNDs. CNDs emitted at 470 nm; however, in the presence of VB2, an enhanced emission peak was clearly observed at 532 nm. The value of I532/I470 exhibits a stable response to the VB2 concentration from 0.35 to 35.9 μM with a detection limit of 37.2 nM, which has been used for VB2 detection in food and medicine samples and ratiometric imaging of VB2 in living cells with satisfying performance. In addition, the proposed CNDs also displayed pH-sensitive behavior and can be a turn-off fluorescent sensor to monitor pH. The fluorescent intensity at 470 nm is a good linear response against pH values from 3.6 to 8, affording the capability as a single-emissive nanoprobe for intracellular pH sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglu Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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38
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Ni C, Lu W, Zhang J, Peng L, Xie D, Ni J. Blue-light emitting aminated pectin for detecting Cu 2+ ion. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:272-281. [PMID: 33592262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This research studied the chemo-sensing of low-cost aminated pectin (PE) obtained by a facile calcination under ammonia gas at temperature no higher than 175 °C without excessive use of alkaline, acid or solvents. The ammonia gas was found to replace the hydroxyl and methoxyl group, enhancing the crystallinity and solubility of the resultant pectin than those calcined in air or in 5% H2. Though the increase of light absorption could be attributed mainly to the dehydration during calcination which caused the formation of CC double bond or aromatic ring, the N incorporation could be important to the photoluminescence (PL) emission. The PL quenching of the blue fluorescent aminated pectin showed a good linearity with the concentration of Cu2+, Fe3+ and the highest sensitivity toward Cu2+ among the investigated metal ions. In order to further increase the PL quenching toward Cu2+ and decrease the interference of Fe3+, a method involving H2O2 and ultraviolet illumination was developed to catalyze the oxidation of fluorophores on the polymer. This work provides new horizon on the modification and application of pectin in chemosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Ni
- College of Resources of Environment and Resources, Southwest University, BeiBei, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- College of Resources of Environment and Resources, Southwest University, BeiBei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Resources of Environment and Resources, Southwest University, BeiBei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Luo Peng
- College of Resources of Environment and Resources, Southwest University, BeiBei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deti Xie
- College of Resources of Environment and Resources, Southwest University, BeiBei, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiupai Ni
- College of Resources of Environment and Resources, Southwest University, BeiBei, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Horst FH, Rodrigues CVDS, Carvalho PHPR, Leite AM, Azevedo RB, Neto BAD, Corrêa JR, Garcia MP, Alotaibi S, Henini M, Chaves SB, Rodrigues MO. From cow manure to bioactive carbon dots: a light-up probe for bioimaging investigations, glucose detection and potential immunotherapy agent for melanoma skin cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6346-6352. [PMID: 35423156 PMCID: PMC8694864 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive carbon dots (C-dots) with ca. 4 nm were successfully produced with singular photophysical properties, low-toxicity and interesting immunological response. The optical properties of the C-dots were investigated and the "light-up" behaviour enabled them to be explored in glucose detection and bioimaging experiments (mitochondrial selective probe). C-dots were not selective to the tumour region and several fluorescent spots were visualized spread on animal bodies. The histology investigations showed that cancer-bearing mice treated with C-dots presented a large number of regions with necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates, which were not identified for cancer-bearing mice without the treatment. These results suggested that C-dots have the potential to be explored as an immune therapy agent for melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Hillesheim Horst
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Carime Vitória da Silva Rodrigues
- LIMA-Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Monteiro Leite
- LIMA-Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - José Raimundo Corrêa
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Mônica Pereira Garcia
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Saud Alotaibi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Mohamed Henini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Sacha Braun Chaves
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Oliveira Rodrigues
- LIMA-Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University Nottingham NG72RD UK
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40
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Qi Z, Lu R, Wang S, Xiang C, Xie C, Zheng M, Tian X, Xu X. Selective fluorometric determination of microcystin-LR using a segment template molecularly imprinted by polymer-capped carbon quantum dots. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with sp2/sp3 framework and diameter of <10 nm contain abundant functional groups or polymers on their surface. C-dots have attracted immense attention because of their unique optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, facile preparation, and low cost. With these merits, C-dots have been used in a wide range of applications including sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, and light-emitting devices. C-dots exhibit good optical properties, such as tunable emission wavelength, good photostability, nonblinking, up-conversion emission, etc. Of note, C-dots show intrinsic pH-sensitive photoluminescence (PL), indicating their great potential for pH sensing, especially in biotic pH sensing. In this review, we systematically summarize the pH-sensitive PL properties and the pH-sensitive PL mechanism, as well as recent research progress of C-dots in pH sensing. The current challenges of pH-sensitive C-dots and their future research focus are also proposed here. We anticipate this review might be of great significance for understanding the characteristics of pH-sensitive C-dots and the development of photoluminescent nanomaterials with pH-sensitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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42
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Mucha SG, Firlej L, Bantignies JL, Żak A, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Acetone-derived luminescent polymer dots: a facile and low-cost synthesis leads to remarkable photophysical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38437-38445. [PMID: 35517521 PMCID: PMC9057305 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based dots have been attracting much attention as potentially superior alternatives to more conventional semiconductor nanoparticles, due to their fascinating optical properties, chemical and photochemical stability, unique environmental-friendliness, and the versatility of fabrication routes. Many commercial materials and organic compounds have been considered so far as carbon precursors but in many cases the fabrication required high-temperature conditions or led to inhomogeneous final products. Here we report on a simple low-cost synthesis of non-conjugated carbon-rich polymer dots (PDs) that uses acetone as carbon precursor. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions of PDs were obtained, with the respective average diameters of 2–4 nm and ca. 6 nm. The as-obtained PDs reveal greenish-blue photoluminescence (PL) and high quantum yields (∼5–7%) and complex kinetics of the decays with the average lifetime of ∼3.5 ns. Such luminescent acetone-derived PDs may find application in several fields, including sensing and bioimaging. Acetone-derived polymer dots (PDs) have been fabricated, according to a base-mediated synthesis route at room temperature. As-obtained hydrophobic and hydrophilic PDs revealed a strong greenish-blue emission due to the crosslink-enhanced effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Mucha
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Lucyna Firlej
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Jean-Louis Bantignies
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
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43
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Kanathasan JS, Gunasagaram D, Khan SU, Palanisamy UD, Radhakrishnan AK, Ahemad N, Swamy V. Linear versus Branched Peptide with Same Amino Acid Sequence for Legumain‐Targeting in Macrophages: Targeting Efficiency and Bioimaging Potential. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree S. Kanathasan
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Diivananthan Gunasagaram
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Uma D. Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Varghese Swamy
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
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44
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Anjali Devi JS, Aparna RS, Anjana RR, Madanan Anju S, George S. Erlotinib Conjugated Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanodots for Targeted Fluorescence Imaging of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraj S. Anjali Devi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala India
| | - Ravindran S. Aparna
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala India
| | - Reghunathan R. Anjana
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala India
| | - S. Madanan Anju
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala India
| | - Sony George
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala India
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45
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Anjali Devi JS, Aparna RS, Anjana RR, Vijila NS, Jayakrishna J, George S. Amplified luminescence quenching effect upon binding of nitrogen doped carbon nanodots to transition metal ions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:207-216. [PMID: 31960873 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant drive to identify a unified emission mechanism hidden behind carbon nanodots (CDs) to attain reliable control over their photoluminescence properties. This issue is addressed here by investigating the fluorescence response of citric acid and urea-based nitrogen doped carbon nanodots (NCDs) towards transition metal ions in solutions of different polarities/viscosities/hydrogen bonding strengths. The photoluminescence from NCDs upon excitation at 400 nm is quenched by metal ions such as chromium(vi), ruthenium(iii) and iron(iii) in two different polar solvents, protic water and aprotic dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). This amplified luminescence quenching in polar solutions showed significant static quenching contributions. The quenching phenomenon highly depends on the excitation wavelength and solvent environment. The fluorescence quenching sequence reveals that pyridinic nitrogen-bases have a dominant influence on J-like emissive aggregates of NCDs. Similarly, oxygen-containing functional groups play a significant role in constructing H-aggregates of NCDs. The most intense emission is contributed by the J-like assembly of H-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Anjali Devi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram-695581, Kerala, India.
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46
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Ehtesabi H, Hallaji Z, Najafi Nobar S, Bagheri Z. Carbon dots with pH-responsive fluorescence: a review on synthesis and cell biological applications. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:150. [PMID: 31989317 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes state of the art synthesis and applications of carbon dots (CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence. Following an introduction, the first section covers methods for the preparation of pH-responsive CDs, with subsections on general methods for preparing CDs (by hydrothermal, solvothermal, electrochemical, microwave, laser ablation, pyrolysis or chemical oxidation polymerization methods), and on precursors for synthesis. This is followed by a section on the mechanisms of pH-responsivity (by creating new functional groups, change of energy levels, protonation and deprotonation, aggregation, or by introduction shells). Several Tables are presented that give an overview of the wealth of methods and materials. A final section covers applications of carbon dots (CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence for sensing, drug delivery, and imaging. The conclusion summarizes the current status, addresses challenges, and gives an outlook on potential future trends. Graphical abstract The synthesis and biological applications of carbon dots(CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence are summarized. Precursors and methods for preparation of pH-responsive CDs, mechanisms of pH-responsivity, and biological applications of CDs with pH-responsive fluorescence for sensing, drug delivery, and imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Ehtesabi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Zahra Hallaji
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Shima Najafi Nobar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran.
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47
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Mondal J, Revuri V, Choochana P, Ganesan P, Kang WJ, Lee Y. Sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots for detection of glutathione and reduction of cellular nitric oxide in microglial cells. J Pharm Investig 2020; 50:209-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Bharathi G, Nataraj D, Premkumar S, Saravanan P, Thangadurai DT, Khyzhun OY, Senthilkumar K, Kathiresan R, Kolandaivel P, Gupta M, Phase D. Insight into the photophysics of strong dual emission (blue & green) producing graphene quantum dot clusters and their application towards selective and sensitive detection of trace level Fe3+ and Cr6+ ions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26613-26630. [PMID: 35515801 PMCID: PMC9055443 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-nanostructured systems, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are well known for their interesting light-emitting characteristics and are being applied to a variety of luminescence-based applications. The emission properties of GQDs are complex. Therefore, understanding the science of the photophysics of coupled quantum systems (like quantum clusters) is still challenging. In this regard, we have successfully prepared two different types of GQD clusters, and explored their photophysical properties in detail. By co-relating the structure and photophysics, it was possible to understand the emission behavior of the cluster in detail. This gave new insight into understanding the clustering effect on the emission behaviour. The results clearly indicated that although GQDs are well connected, the local discontinuity in the structure prohibits the dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers going from one domain to another. Therefore, an excitation-sensitive dual emission was possible. Emission yield values of about 18% each were recorded at the blue and green emission wavelengths at a particular excitation energy. This meant that the choice of emission color was decided by the excitation energy. Through systematic analysis, it was found that both intrinsic and extrinsic effects contributed to the blue emission, whereas only the intrinsic effect contributed to the green emission. These excitation-sensitive dual emissive GQD clusters were then used to sense Fe3+ and Cr6+ ions in the nanomolar range. While the Cr6+ ions were able to quench both blue and green emissions, the Fe3+ ions quenched blue emission only. The insensitivity of the Fe3+ ions in the quenching of the green emission was also understood through quantum chemical calculations. Schematic representation for the origin of blue and green emissions, and the resultant PL emission spectra from the GQD interconnected cluster-type sample.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathi Bharathi
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices (QM-ED) Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices (QM-ED) Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Sellan Premkumar
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices (QM-ED) Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | | | - Daniel T. Thangadurai
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology
- Sri Ramakrishana Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University
- Coimbatore – 641 022
- India
| | - Oleg Yu Khyzhun
- Department of Structural Chemistry of Solids
- Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- UA-03142 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Kittusamy Senthilkumar
- UGC-CPEPA Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics for the Development of Solar Energy Materials and Devices
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Ramasamy Kathiresan
- Macromolecular Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Ponmalai Kolandaivel
- Macromolecular Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore
- India
| | - Mukul Gupta
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Indore
- India
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49
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Abstract
We summarize the construction methods and influencing factors of CDs-based composites and discuss their catalytic applications, including photocatalysis, chemical catalysis, peroxidase-like catalysis, Fenton-like catalysis and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
| | - Meng Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical System
- Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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50
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Hu Y, Gao Z. Highly Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Derived from Discarded Chewing Gum: toward Multiple Sensing of pH, Ferric Ion, and Adenosine Triphosphate. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoping Hu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Zhijin Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
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