1
|
Savage Z, Duggan C, Toufexi A, Pandey P, Liang Y, Segretin ME, Yuen LH, Gaboriau DCA, Leary AY, Tumtas Y, Khandare V, Ward AD, Botchway SW, Bateman BC, Pan I, Schattat M, Sparkes I, Bozkurt TO. Chloroplasts alter their morphology and accumulate at the pathogen interface during infection by Phytophthora infestans. Plant J 2021; 107:1771-1787. [PMID: 34250673 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Upon immune activation, chloroplasts switch off photosynthesis, produce antimicrobial compounds and associate with the nucleus through tubular extensions called stromules. Although it is well established that chloroplasts alter their position in response to light, little is known about the dynamics of chloroplast movement in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report that during infection with the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, chloroplasts accumulate at the pathogen interface, associating with the specialized membrane that engulfs the pathogen haustorium. The chemical inhibition of actin polymerization reduces the accumulation of chloroplasts at pathogen haustoria, suggesting that this process is partially dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. However, chloroplast accumulation at haustoria does not necessarily rely on movement of the nucleus to this interface and is not affected by light conditions. Stromules are typically induced during infection, embracing haustoria and facilitating chloroplast interactions, to form dynamic organelle clusters. We found that infection-triggered stromule formation relies on BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1)-mediated surface immune signaling, whereas chloroplast repositioning towards haustoria does not. Consistent with the defense-related induction of stromules, effector-mediated suppression of BAK1-mediated immune signaling reduced stromule formation during infection. On the other hand, immune recognition of the same effector stimulated stromules, presumably via a different pathway. These findings implicate chloroplasts in a polarized response upon pathogen attack and point to more complex functions of these organelles in plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Savage
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexia Toufexi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pooja Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuxi Liang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - María Eugenia Segretin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr Héctor N. Torres' (INGEBI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Lok Him Yuen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C A Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, South Kensington, SAF building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Virendrasinh Khandare
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew D Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Benji C Bateman
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Indranil Pan
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering and Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Martin Schattat
- Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Imogen Sparkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS8 8DZ, UK
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du J, Kirui A, Huang S, Wang L, Barnes WJ, Kiemle SN, Zheng Y, Rui Y, Ruan M, Qi S, Kim SH, Wang T, Cosgrove DJ, Anderson CT, Xiao C. Mutations in the Pectin Methyltransferase QUASIMODO2 Influence Cellulose Biosynthesis and Wall Integrity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:3576-3597. [PMID: 32883711 PMCID: PMC7610292 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pectins are abundant in the cell walls of dicotyledonous plants, but how they interact with other wall polymers and influence wall integrity and cell growth has remained mysterious. Here, we verified that QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) is a pectin methyltransferase and determined that QUA2 is required for normal pectin biosynthesis. To gain further insight into how pectin affects wall assembly and integrity maintenance, we investigated cellulose biosynthesis, cellulose organization, cortical microtubules, and wall integrity signaling in two mutant alleles of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) QUA2, qua2 and tsd2 In both mutants, crystalline cellulose content is reduced, cellulose synthase particles move more slowly, and cellulose organization is aberrant. NMR analysis shows higher mobility of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides in the mutants. Microtubules in mutant hypocotyls have aberrant organization and depolymerize more readily upon treatment with oryzalin or external force. The expression of genes related to wall integrity, wall biosynthesis, and microtubule stability is dysregulated in both mutants. These data provide insights into how homogalacturonan is methylesterified upon its synthesis, the mechanisms by which pectin functionally interacts with cellulose, and how these interactions are translated into intracellular regulation to maintain the structural integrity of the cell wall during plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Shixin Huang
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Lianglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - William J Barnes
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Sarah N Kiemle
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yunzhen Zheng
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yue Rui
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Mei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Seong H Kim
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Canakci D, Koyuncu I, Lolak N, Durgun M, Akocak S, Supuran CT. Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of novel copper and silver complexes of 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:110-116. [PMID: 30362387 PMCID: PMC6211257 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1530994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 10 novel copper (II) and silver complexes of 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfonamides was synthesised. All the synthesised ligands and their metal complexes were assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1), cervix carcinoma (HeLa), breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), endometrial adenocarcinoma (ECC-1), prostate cancer (DU-145 and PC-3), normal embryonic kidney (HEK-293), normal prostate epithelium (PNT-1A), and normal retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells. Most of the metal complexes from the series showed to be more active against all cancerous cells than the uncomplexed 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfonamides, and lower cytotoxic effects observed on normal cells. Most of the Cu (II) and Ag (I) metal complexes from the presented series showed high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with IC50 values ranging from 2.08 to >300 µM. Specifically, compound L3-Ag showed one of the highest cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 3.30 to 16.18 µM among other tested compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Canakci
- Department of Chemistry, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nabih Lolak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Deparment of Chemistry, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Onelli E, Scali M, Caccianiga M, Stroppa N, Morandini P, Pavesi G, Moscatelli A. Microtubules play a role in trafficking prevacuolar compartments to vacuoles in tobacco pollen tubes. Open Biol 2018; 8:180078. [PMID: 30381363 PMCID: PMC6223213 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine regulation of exocytosis and endocytosis plays a basic role in pollen tube growth. Excess plasma membrane secreted during pollen tube elongation is known to be retrieved by endocytosis and partially reused in secretory pathways through the Golgi apparatus. Dissection of endocytosis has enabled distinct degradation pathways to be identified in tobacco pollen tubes and has shown that microtubules influence the transport of plasma membrane internalized in the tip region to vacuoles. Here, we used different drugs affecting the polymerization state of microtubules together with SYP21, a marker of prevacuolar compartments, to characterize trafficking of prevacuolar compartments in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis showed that microtubules bind SYP21-positive microsomes. Transient transformation of pollen tubes with LAT52-YFP-SYP21 revealed that microtubules play a key role in the delivery of prevacuolar compartments to tubular vacuoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Onelli
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Science, Siena University, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Stroppa
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang H, Zhang Y, Martinez P, Rasmussen CG, Xu T, Yang Z. The Microtubule-Associated Protein IQ67 DOMAIN5 Modulates Microtubule Dynamics and Pavement Cell Shape. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:1555-1568. [PMID: 29976837 PMCID: PMC6084666 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic arrangement of cortical microtubules (MTs) plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and shape formation in plants, but the mechanisms by which cortical MTs are organized to regulate these processes are not well characterized. In particular, the dynamic behavior of cortical MTs is critical for their spatial organization, yet the molecular mechanisms controlling MT dynamics remain poorly understood. In this study, we used the puzzle piece-shaped pavement cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves as a model system in which to study cortical MT organization. We isolated an ethyl methanesulfonate mutant with reduced interdigitation of pavement cells in cotyledons. This line carried a mutation in IQ67 DOMAIN5 (IQD5), which encodes a member of the plant-specific IQ motif protein family. Live-cell imaging and biochemical analyses demonstrated that IQD5 binds to MTs and promotes MT assembly. MT-depolymerizing drug treatment and in vivo MT dynamics assays suggested that IQD5 functions to stabilize MTs. Hence, our findings provide genetic, cell biological, and biochemical evidence that IQD5 regulates MT dynamics that affect MT organization and subsequent cell shape formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Pablo Martinez
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Tongda Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Yu Q, Owen M, Han H, Powles S. Dinitroaniline herbicide resistance in a multiple-resistant Lolium rigidum population. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:925-932. [PMID: 29148165 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre-emergence dinitroaniline herbicides (such as trifluralin and pendimethalin) are vital to Australian no-till farming systems. A Lolium rigidum population collected from the Western Australian grain belt with a 12-year trifluralin use history was characterised for resistance to dinitroaniline, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)- and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Target-site resistance mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS This L. rigidum population exhibited 32-fold resistance to trifluralin, as compared with the susceptible population. It also displayed 12- to 30-fold cross-resistance to other dinitroaniline herbicides (pendimethalin, ethalfluralin and oryzalin). In addition, this population showed multiple resistance to commonly used post-emergence ACCase- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Two target-site α-tubulin gene mutations (Val-202-Phe and Thr-239-Ile) previously documented in other dinitroaniline-resistant weed species were identified, and some known target-site mutations in ACCase (Ile-1781-Leu, Asp-2078-Gly and Cys-2088-Arg) and ALS (Pro-197-Gln/Ser) were found in the same population. An agar-based Petri dish screening method was established for the rapid diagnosis of resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides. CONCLUSION Evolution of target-site resistance to both pre- and post-emergence herbicides was confirmed in a single L. rigidum population. The α-tubulin mutations Val-202-Phe and Thr-239-Ile, documented here for the first time in L. rigidum, are likely to be responsible for dinitroaniline resistance in this population. Early detection of dinitroaniline herbicide resistance and integrated weed management strategies are needed to maintain the effectiveness of dinitroaniline herbicides. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Chen
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Mechelle Owen
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Heping Han
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Stephen Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Erickson JL, Adlung N, Lampe C, Bonas U, Schattat MH. The Xanthomonas effector XopL uncovers the role of microtubules in stromule extension and dynamics in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 2018; 93:856-870. [PMID: 29285819 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria type III-secreted effectors were screened for candidates influencing plant cell processes relevant to the formation and maintenance of stromules in Nicotiana benthamiana lower leaf epidermis. Transient expression of XopL, a unique type of E3 ubiquitin ligase, led to a nearly complete elimination of stromules and the relocation of plastids to the nucleus. Further characterization of XopL revealed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for the two plastid phenotypes. In contrast to the XopL wild type, a mutant XopL lacking E3 ligase activity specifically localized to microtubules. Interestingly, mutant XopL-labeled filaments frequently aligned with stromules, suggesting an important, yet unexplored, microtubule-stromule relationship. High time-resolution movies confirmed that microtubules provide a scaffold for stromule movement and contribute to stromule shape. Taken together, this study has defined two populations of stromules: microtubule-dependent stromules, which were found to move slower and persist longer, and microtubule-independent stromules, which move faster and are transient. Our results provide the basis for a new model of stromule dynamics including interactions with both actin and microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Erickson
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Norman Adlung
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Christina Lampe
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulla Bonas
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin H Schattat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stavropoulou K, Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Arseni EM, Eleftheriou EP. Disruption of actin filaments in Zea mays by bisphenol A depends on their crosstalk with microtubules. Chemosphere 2018; 195:653-665. [PMID: 29287273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental pollutant, reportedly harmful to living organisms. In plant cells, BPA was shown to disrupt microtubule (MT) arrays and perturb mitosis, but its effects on filamentous actin (F-actin) have not been explored. Here we studied the effects of BPA on actin filaments (AFs) in meristematic root tip and leaf cells of Zea mays, by fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy. Considering the typical dynamic interaction between MTs and AFs, the effects on these two essential components of the plant cytoskeleton were correlated. It was found that BPA disorganized rapidly AFs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The fine filaments were first to be affected, followed by the subcortical bundles, resulting in rod- and ring-like conformations. The observed differences in sensitivity between protodermal and cortex cells were attributed to the deeper location of the latter. Depolymerization or stabilization of MTs by relevant drugs (oryzalin, taxol) revealed that AF susceptibility to BPA depends on MT integrity. Developing leaves required harder and longer treatment to be affected by BPA. Ontogenesis of stomatal complexes was highly disturbed, arrangement of AFs and MT arrays was disordered and accuracy of cell division sequence was deranged or completely arrested. The effect of BPA confirmed that subsidiary cell mother cell polarization is not mediated by F-actin patch neither of preprophase band organization. On the overall, it is concluded that AFs in plant cells constitute a subcellular target of BPA and their disruption depends on their crosstalk with MTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Stavropoulou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ermioni-Makedonia Arseni
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spiegelman Z, Lee CM, Gallagher KL. KinG Is a Plant-Specific Kinesin That Regulates Both Intra- and Intercellular Movement of SHORT-ROOT. Plant Physiol 2018; 176:392-405. [PMID: 29122988 PMCID: PMC5761801 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Both endogenous plant proteins and viral movement proteins associate with microtubules to promote their movement through plasmodesmata. The association of viral movement proteins with microtubules facilitates the formation of virus-associated replication complexes, which are required for the amplification and subsequent spread of the virus. However, the role of microtubules in the intercellular movement of plant proteins is less clear. Here we show that the SHORT-ROOT (SHR) protein, which moves between cells in the root to regulate root radial patterning, interacts with a type-14 kinesin, KINESIN G (KinG). KinG is a calponin homology domain kinesin that directly interacts with the SHR-binding protein SIEL (SHR-INTERACING EMBRYONIC LETHAL) and localizes to both microtubules and actin. Since SIEL and SHR associate with endosomes, we suggest that KinG serves as a linker between SIEL, SHR, and the plant cytoskeleton. Loss of KinG function results in a decrease in the intercellular movement of SHR and an increase in the sensitivity of SHR movement to treatment with oryzalin. Examination of SHR and KinG localization and dynamics in live cells suggests that KinG is a nonmotile kinesin that promotes the pausing of SHR-associated endosomes. We suggest a model in which interaction of KinG with SHR allows for the formation of stable movement complexes that facilitate the cell-to-cell transport of SHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Spiegelman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Chin-Mei Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kimberly L Gallagher
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Q, Song P, Qu Y, Wang P, Jia Q, Guo L, Zhang C, Mao T, Yuan M, Wang X, Zhang W. Phospholipase Dδ negatively regulates plant thermotolerance by destabilizing cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:2220-2235. [PMID: 28710795 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of cortical microtubule arrays plays an important role in plant growth and adaptation in response to hormonal and environmental changes. Cortical microtubules are connected with the plasma membrane (PM); however, how the membrane affects cortical microtubule organization is not well understood. Here, we showed that phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ) was associated with the PM and co-localized with microtubules in cells. In vitro analysis revealed that PLDδ bound to microtubules, resulting in microtubule disorganization. Site-specific mutations that decreased PLDδ enzymatic activity impaired its effects on destabilizing microtubule organization. Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ, without any change of its PM localization, triggering microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerization and seedling death in Arabidopsis, but these effects were alleviated in pldδ knockout mutants. Complementation of pldδ with wild-type PLDδ, but not mutated PLDδ, restored the phenotypes of microtubules and seedling survival to those of wild-type Arabidopsis. Thus, we conclude that the PM-associated PLDδ negatively regulates plant thermotolerance via destabilizing cortical microtubules, in an activity-dependent manner, rather than its subcellular translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yana Qu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianru Jia
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanpeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Devender N, Gunjan S, Tripathi R, Tripathi RP. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of novel indoleamide derivatives bearing sulfonamide and triazole pharmacophores. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:171-184. [PMID: 28319782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the recent reports of growing parasite resistance to artemisinins and other antimalarial drugs, development of new antimalarial chemotypes is an urgent priority. Here in, we report a novel series of adamantyl/cycloheptyl indoleamide derivatives bearing sulfonamide and triazole pharmacophores adopting different chemical modifications and evaluated them for antiplasmodial activity in vitro. Among all the indoleamides, compounds 22, 24, 26 and 30 with sulfonamide pharmacophore showed promising activity with IC50 of 1.87, 1.93, 2.00, 2.17 μM against CQ sensitive Pf3D7 strain and 1.69, 2.12, 1.60, 2.19 μM against CQ resistant PfK1 strain, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Devender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sarika Gunjan
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vullo D, Del Prete S, Di Fonzo P, Carginale V, Donald WA, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Comparison of the Sulfonamide Inhibition Profiles of the β- and γ-Carbonic Anhydrases from the Pathogenic Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Molecules 2017; 22:E421. [PMID: 28272358 PMCID: PMC6155308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned, purified, and characterized a β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), BpsCAβ, from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, responsible for the tropical disease melioidosis. The enzyme showed high catalytic activity for the physiologic CO₂ hydration reaction to bicarbonate and protons, with the following kinetic parameters: kcat of 1.6 × 10⁵ s-1 and kcat/KM of 3.4 × 10⁷ M-1 s-1. An inhibition study with a panel of 38 sulfonamides and one sulfamate-including 15 compounds that are used clinically-revealed an interesting structure-activity relationship for the interaction of this enzyme with these inhibitors. Many simple sulfonamides and clinically used agents such as topiramate, sulpiride, celecoxib, valdecoxib, and sulthiame were ineffective BpsCAβ inhibitors (KI > 50 µM). Other drugs, such as ethoxzolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, zonisamide, indisulam, and hydrochlorothiazide were moderately potent micromolar inhibitors. The best inhibition was observed with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides-benzolamide and its analogs acetazolamide and methazolamide-which showed KI in the range of 185-745 nM. The inhibition profile of BpsCAβ is very different from that of the γ-class enzyme from the same pathogen, BpsCAγ. Thus, identifying compounds that would effectively interact with both enzymes is relatively challenging. However, benzolamide was one of the best inhibitors of both of these CAs with KI of 653 and 185 nM, respectively, making it an interesting lead compound for the design of more effective agents, which may be useful tools for understanding the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vullo
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Pietro Di Fonzo
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - W Alexander Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Q, Qu Y, Wang Q, Song P, Wang P, Jia Q, Guo J. Arabidopsis phospholipase D alpha 1-derived phosphatidic acid regulates microtubule organization and cell development under microtubule-interacting drugs treatment. J Plant Res 2017; 130:193-202. [PMID: 27864640 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) are emerging as essential regulators of cytoskeleton organization in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PA-mediated microtubule reorganization in plants remain largely unknown. In this study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to analyze the function of Arabidopsis thaliana PLDα1 in the regulation of microtubule organization and cell development in response to microtubule-affecting drugs. Treatment with the microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel resulted in less growth inhibition and decreased rightward slant of roots, longitudinal alignment of microtubules, and enhanced length of hypocotyl epidermal cells in the pldα1 mutant, the phenotype of which was rescued by exogenous application of PA. Moreover, the pldα1 mutant was sensitive to the microtubule-disrupting drugs oryzalin and propyzamide in terms of seedling survival ratio, left-skewing angle of roots and microtubule organization. In addition, both disruption and stabilization of microtubules induced by drugs activated PLDα1 activity. Our findings demonstrate that in A. thaliana, PLDα1/PA might regulate cell development by modulating microtubule organization in an activity-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yana Qu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru Jia
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhe Guo
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Majumdar A, Kar RK. Integrated role of ROS and Ca +2 in blue light-induced chloroplast avoidance movement in leaves of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Protoplasma 2016; 253:1529-1539. [PMID: 26573536 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Directional chloroplast photorelocation is a major physio-biochemical mechanism that allows these organelles to realign themselves intracellularly in response to the intensity of the incident light as an adaptive response. Signaling processes involved in blue light (BL)-dependent chloroplast movements were investigated in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle leaves. Treatments with antagonists of actin filaments [2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)] and microtubules (oryzalin) revealed that actin filaments, but not microtubules, play a pivotal role in chloroplast movement. Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in controlling chloroplast avoidance movement has been demonstrated, as exogenous H2O2 not only accelerated chloroplast avoidance but also could induce chloroplast avoidance even in weak blue light (WBL). Further support came from experiments with different ROS scavengers, i.e., dimethylthiourea (DMTU), KI, and CuCl2, which inhibited chloroplast avoidance, and from ROS localization using specific stains. Such avoidance was also partially inhibited by ZnCl2, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX) as well as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), a photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor at PS II. However, methyl viologen (MV), a PS I ETC inhibitor, rather accelerated avoidance response. Exogenous calcium (Ca+2) induced avoidance even in WBL while inhibited chloroplast accumulation partially. On the other hand, chloroplast movements (both accumulation and avoidance) were blocked by Ca+2 antagonists, La3+ (inhibitor of plasma membrane Ca+2 channel) and ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, Ca+2 chelator) while LiCl that affects Ca+2 release from endosomal compartments did not show any effect. A model on integrated role of ROS and Ca+2 (influx from apolastic space) in actin-mediated chloroplast avoidance has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkajo Majumdar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Rup Kumar Kar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu L, Qian Y, Su C, Cheng W, Li J, Wahlqvist ML, Chen H. Prevalence of bacterial resistance within an eco-agricultural system in Hangzhou, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21369-21376. [PMID: 27502562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of antibiotics in the animal husbandry and the relevant sustainable industries may promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), which constitutes a growing threat to human health. The objective of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of sulfonamide- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria within an eco-agricultural system (EAS) in Hangzhou, China. We investigated samples at every link in the EAS, from livestock manure, to biogas residues and biogas slurry, to vegetable and ryegrass fields, to a fish pond. A combination of culture-based and 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing method was used in this study. Within the studied system, the average rate of bacterial resistance to sulfonamide (46.19 %) was much higher than that of tetracycline (8.51 %) (p < 0.01). There were 224 isolates that were enumerated and sequenced, 108 of which were identified to species level. The genera comprising the sulfamethoxazole-resistant (SMXr) bacteria were generally different from those of tetracycline-resistant (TCr) bacteria. Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter were the most dominant genera of SMXr bacteria (19.30 % of the total resistant bacteria) and TCr bacteria (14.04 % of the total resistant bacteria), respectively. Several strains of resistant opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Pantoea agglomerans) were detected in edible vegetable samples, which may exert a potential threat to both pig production and human health. In general, this study indicates that the EAS is an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, some of which may be pathogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Like Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanyun Qian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weixiao Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mark L Wahlqvist
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zevzikoviene A, Zevzikovas A, Lukosius A, Tarasevicius E. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 5-SUBSTITUED 4-THIAZOLIDINONES WITH SULFANILAMIDE PHARMACOPHORE. Acta Pol Pharm 2016; 73:1155-1161. [PMID: 29638056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After incorporation pharmacophores of allylamine and sulfanilamide into 4-thiazolidinone's ring - no antimicrobial activity was determined. This outcome stimulated synthesis of new group - 5-substituted 4-thiazolidinones. In the literature it is noted that the fragment of aldehyde in 5 position of 4-thiazolidinone's ring should give or increase biological activity. So, it was decided to incorporate fragment of aldehyde into 4-thiazolidinone's ring together with sulfanilamide pharmacophore, investigate antimicrobial activity and compare it with initial compounds - sulfanilamides. It was established that new compounds suppressed growth of S. arteus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. mirabilis, C. albicans. Sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine and/or 2-chlorobenzaldehyde were incorporated into the structure of the most active compounds. It was concluded that synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones substituted by aldehyde in 5 position and sulfanilamide in 2 position are not potential antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiang LL, Tseng IJ, Lin PY, Sheu SY, Lin CT, Hsieh YH, Lin YJ, Chen HL, Lin MH. Synthesis of Canthardin Sulfanilamides and Their Acid Anhydride Analogues via a Ring-Opening Reaction of Activated Aziridines and Their Associated Pharmacological Effects. Molecules 2016; 21:100. [PMID: 26784163 PMCID: PMC6273973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cantharidinimide derivatives, 5a-h, including sulfanilamides containing pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, hydrogen, thiazolyl, and oxazolyl groups were synthesized. Modification of cantharidinimide by means of the reaction of activated aziridine ring opening led to the discovery of a novel class of antitumor compounds. The analogues 10i-k, 11l-n, 12o-p, and 16q-s were obtained from treating cantharidinimide 6 and analogues (7, 8, and 13) with activated aziridines, which produced a series of ring-opened products including normal and abnormal types. Some of these compounds showed cytotoxic effects in vitro against HL-60, Hep3B, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. The most potent cytostatic compound, N-cantharidinimido-sulfamethazine (5a), exhibited anti-HL-60 and anti-Hep3B cell activities. Two compounds 5g and 5h displayed slight effects on the Hep3B cell line, while the other compounds produced no response in these four cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chiang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Chest Medicine Department, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ing-Jy Tseng
- Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Pen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Shiow-Yunn Sheu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Tung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tam-Kang University, Danshui 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Han Hsieh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiao C, Zhang T, Zheng Y, Cosgrove DJ, Anderson CT. Xyloglucan Deficiency Disrupts Microtubule Stability and Cellulose Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Altering Cell Growth and Morphogenesis. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:234-49. [PMID: 26527657 PMCID: PMC4704587 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan constitutes most of the hemicellulose in eudicot primary cell walls and functions in cell wall structure and mechanics. Although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) xxt1 xxt2 mutants lacking detectable xyloglucan are viable, they display growth defects that are suggestive of alterations in wall integrity. To probe the mechanisms underlying these defects, we analyzed cellulose arrangement, microtubule patterning and dynamics, microtubule- and wall-integrity-related gene expression, and cellulose biosynthesis in xxt1 xxt2 plants. We found that cellulose is highly aligned in xxt1 xxt2 cell walls, that its three-dimensional distribution is altered, and that microtubule patterning and stability are aberrant in etiolated xxt1 xxt2 hypocotyls. We also found that the expression levels of microtubule-associated genes, such as MAP70-5 and CLASP, and receptor genes, such as HERK1 and WAK1, were changed in xxt1 xxt2 plants and that cellulose synthase motility is reduced in xxt1 xxt2 cells, corresponding with a reduction in cellulose content. Our results indicate that loss of xyloglucan affects both the stability of the microtubule cytoskeleton and the production and patterning of cellulose in primary cell walls. These findings establish, to our knowledge, new links between wall integrity, cytoskeletal dynamics, and wall synthesis in the regulation of plant morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Xiao
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yunzhen Zheng
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin L, Yuan K, Liang X, Chen X, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zou S, Luan T, Chen B. Occurrences and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in the Yangtze River Estuary and nearby coastal area. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:304-310. [PMID: 26349787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of highly impacted estuaries needs to be examined with respect to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. In the present study, sulfonamide resistance (sul), tetracycline resistance (tet) and class I integron (int1) genes were ubiquitous in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary (YE) and nearby coastal area, and exhibited a declining trend from the inner estuary to the coast. Good relationships were only observed between int1 and sul1 genes, implying that int1 gene is essential to the proliferation of sul1 gene. A non-significant correlation between int1 and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the int1 gene came from pollution sources of ARGs instead of being intrinsic in environmental bacterial populations. Sulfonamides were rarely detected in the sediments of this region, so could not result in the production of sul genes in the local environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Ke Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ximei Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shichun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Baowei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun J, Ma Q, Mao T. Ethylene Regulates the Arabidopsis Microtubule-Associated Protein WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE5 in Etiolated Hypocotyl Elongation. Plant Physiol 2015; 169:325-37. [PMID: 26134166 PMCID: PMC4577400 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene plays crucial roles in the negative regulation of plant etiolated hypocotyl elongation. The microtubule cytoskeleton also participates in hypocotyl cell growth. However, it remains unclear if ethylene signaling-mediated etiolated hypocotyl elongation involves the microtubule cytoskeleton. In this study, we functionally identified the previously uncharacterized microtubule-associated protein WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE5 (WDL5) as a microtubule-stabilizing protein that plays a positive role in ethylene-regulated etiolated hypocotyl cell elongation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3, a key transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway, directly targets and up-regulates WDL5. Etiolated hypocotyls from a WDL5 loss-of-function mutant (wdl5-1) were more insensitive to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid treatment than the wild type. Decreasing WDL5 expression partially rescued the shorter etiolated hypocotyl phenotype in the ethylene overproduction mutant eto1-1. Reorganization of cortical microtubules in etiolated hypocotyl cells from the wdl5-1 mutant was less sensitive to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid treatment. These findings indicate that WDL5 is an important participant in ethylene signaling inhibition of etiolated hypocotyl growth. This study reveals a mechanism involved in the ethylene regulation of microtubules through WDL5 to inhibit etiolated hypocotyl cell elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abu-Abied M, Rogovoy Stelmakh O, Mordehaev I, Grumberg M, Elbaum R, Wasteneys GO, Sadot E. Dissecting the contribution of microtubule behaviour in adventitious root induction. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:2813-24. [PMID: 25788735 PMCID: PMC4986881 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Induction of adventitious roots (ARs) in recalcitrant plants often culminates in cell division and callus formation rather than root differentiation. Evidence is provided here to suggest that microtubules (MTs) play a role in the shift from cell division to cell differentiation during AR induction. First, it was found that fewer ARs form in the temperature-sensitive mutant mor1-1, in which the MT-associated protein MOR1 is mutated, and in bot1-1, in which the MT-severing protein katanin is mutated. In the two latter mutants, MT dynamics and form are perturbed. By contrast, the number of ARs increased in RIC1-OX3 plants, in which MT bundling is enhanced and katanin is activated. In addition, any1 plants in which cell walls are perturbed made more ARs than wild-type plants. MT perturbations during AR induction in mor1-1 or in wild-type hypocotyls treated with oryzalin led to the formation of amorphous clusters of cells reminiscent of callus. In these cells a specific pattern of polarized light retardation by the cell walls was lost. PIN1 polarization and auxin maxima were hampered and differentiation of the epidermis was inhibited. It is concluded that a fine-tuned crosstalk between MTs, cell walls, and auxin transport is required for proper AR induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abu-Abied
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Inna Mordehaev
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Marina Grumberg
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- The Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Geoffrey O Wasteneys
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Einat Sadot
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lahaye M, Falourd X, Limami AM, Foucat L. Water mobility and microstructure evolution in the germinating Medicago truncatula seed studied by NMR relaxometry. A revisited interpretation of multicomponent relaxation. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:1698-710. [PMID: 25619228 DOI: 10.1021/jf505515n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The water status of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. seed was followed by low-field NMR relaxometry during germination with and without oryzalin or fusicoccin used as growth modulators. T1 and T2 relaxation times and proportions P1 and P2 were determined on fresh, frozen, and freeze-thawed samples to characterize changes in water dynamics and compartmentation and in the nonfreezing water fraction. The results demonstrate that low-field NMR relaxometry allowed differentiating germination phases and events occurring during them as well as perturbations related to the presence of growth modulators. The results provide clear evidence that the classical multicomponent relaxation interpretation cannot directly relate T2 components and morphological compartments in biological tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lahaye
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions and Assemblies, rue de la Géraudière, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Worden N, Wilkop TE, Esteve VE, Jeannotte R, Lathe R, Vernhettes S, Weimer B, Hicks G, Alonso J, Labavitch J, Persson S, Ehrhardt D, Drakakaki G. CESA TRAFFICKING INHIBITOR inhibits cellulose deposition and interferes with the trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes and their associated proteins KORRIGAN1 and POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE PROTEIN1. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:381-93. [PMID: 25535279 PMCID: PMC4326758 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.249003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) at the plasma membrane (PM) are aligned with cortical microtubules (MTs) and direct the biosynthesis of cellulose. The mechanism of the interaction between CSCs and MTs, and the cellular determinants that control the delivery of CSCs at the PM, are not yet well understood. We identified a unique small molecule, CESA TRAFFICKING INHIBITOR (CESTRIN), which reduces cellulose content and alters the anisotropic growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls. We monitored the distribution and mobility of fluorescently labeled cellulose synthases (CESAs) in live Arabidopsis cells under chemical exposure to characterize their subcellular effects. CESTRIN reduces the velocity of PM CSCs and causes their accumulation in the cell cortex. The CSC-associated proteins KORRIGAN1 (KOR1) and POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE PROTEIN1 (CSI1) were differentially affected by CESTRIN treatment, indicating different forms of association with the PM CSCs. KOR1 accumulated in bodies similar to CESA; however, POM2/CSI1 dissociated into the cytoplasm. In addition, MT stability was altered without direct inhibition of MT polymerization, suggesting a feedback mechanism caused by cellulose interference. The selectivity of CESTRIN was assessed using a variety of subcellular markers for which no morphological effect was observed. The association of CESAs with vesicles decorated by the trans-Golgi network-localized protein SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS61 (SYP61) was increased under CESTRIN treatment, implicating SYP61 compartments in CESA trafficking. The properties of CESTRIN compared with known CESA inhibitors afford unique avenues to study and understand the mechanism under which PM-associated CSCs are maintained and interact with MTs and to dissect their trafficking routes in etiolated hypocotyls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Worden
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Thomas E Wilkop
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Victor Esteva Esteve
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Richard Jeannotte
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Rahul Lathe
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Bart Weimer
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Glenn Hicks
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Jose Alonso
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - John Labavitch
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - David Ehrhardt
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wright KM, MacKenzie KM. Probing protein targeting to plasmodesmata using fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1217:259-74. [PMID: 25287209 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1523-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching (FRAP) involves the irreversible bleaching of a fluorescent protein within a specific area of the cell using a high-intensity laser. The recovery of fluorescence represents the movement of new protein into this area and can therefore be used to investigate factors involved in this movement. Here we describe a FRAP method to investigate the effect of a range of pharmacological agents on the targeting of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein to plasmodesmata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Wright
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK,
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yabuuchi T, Nakai T, Sonobe S, Yamauchi D, Mineyuki Y. Preprophase band formation and cortical division zone establishment: RanGAP behaves differently from microtubules during their band formation. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e1060385. [PMID: 26237087 PMCID: PMC4883843 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Correct positioning of the division plane is a prerequisite for plant morphogenesis. The preprophase band (PPB) is a key intracellular structure of division site determination. PPB forms in G2 phase as a broad band of microtubules (MTs) that narrows in prophase and specializes few-micrometer-wide cortical belt region, named the cortical division zone (CDZ), in late prophase. The PPB comprises several molecules, some of which act as MT band organization and others remain in the CDZ marking the correct insertion of the cell plate in telophase. Ran GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP) is accumulated in the CDZ and forms a RanGAP band in prophase. However, little is known about when and how RanGAPs gather in the CDZ, and especially with regard to their relationships to MT band formation. Here, we examined the spatial and temporal distribution of RanGAPs and MTs in the preprophase of onion root tip cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy and showed that the RanGAP band appeared in mid-prophase as the width of MT band was reduced to nearly 7 µm. Treatments with cytoskeletal inhibitors for 15 min caused thinning or broadening of the MT band but had little effects on RanGAP band in mid-prophase and most of late prophase cells. Detailed image analyses of the spatial distribution of RanGAP band and MT band showed that the RanGAP band positioned slightly beneath the MT band in mid-prophase. These results raise a possibility that RanGAP behaves differently from MTs during their band formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Yabuuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science; University of Hyogo; Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakai
- Graduate School of Life Science; University of Hyogo; Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiji Sonobe
- Graduate School of Life Science; University of Hyogo; Akou, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Life Science; University of Hyogo; Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Mineyuki
- Graduate School of Life Science; University of Hyogo; Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
- Correspondence to: Yoshinobu Mineyuki;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guliy OI, Bunin VD, Larionova OS, Potemkina EG, Ignatov OV. [Determination of Microbial Susceptibility to Sulfanilamides by Electrooptic Analysis]. Antibiot Khimioter 2015; 60:14-19. [PMID: 26415378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sulfanilamides (soluble streptocid as an example) on changing of the electrophysical properties (EP) of microbial cells of Escherichia coli XL-1, BL-Ril, Pseudomonasputida C-11 and BA-11 was studied. It was shown that significant changes in the orientation spectra (OS) of the cell suspensions incubated at various concentrations of the sulfanilamide resulted in changing of the electrooptic (EO) signal of the cell suspension at the first five frequencies of the orientation electric field (10-1000 Hz) with the use of soluble streptocid in a concentration of 0.3 mcg/ml. The dynamics of the drug effect on the microbial cells demonstrated a decrease of the EO signal value 5 minutes after the exposure by -59% vs. the control (the cells not exposed to the drug). During the following exposure the EO signal value practically did not change (within 5%). The changes of the OS of the cell suspensions exposed to soluble streptocid significantly differed for the susceptible and resistant strains. Determination of the activity of sulfanilamides by electrooptic analysis of microbial cell suspensions was considered possible. Changing of the microbial suspencion OS under the effect of sulfanilamides can be used as a test on the microbial cell susceptibility to drugs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu Z, Zhuang C, Wu Y, Guo Z, Li J, Dong G, Yao J, Sheng C, Miao Z, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfamide and triazole benzodiazepines as novel p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15741-53. [PMID: 25198897 PMCID: PMC4200789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of sulfamide and triazole benzodiazepines were obtained with the principle of bioisosterism. The p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitory activity and in vitro antitumor activity were evaluated. Most of the novel benzodiazepines exhibited moderate protein binding inhibitory activity. Particularly, triazole benzodiazepines showed good inhibitory activity and antitumor potency. Compound 16 had promising antitumor activity against the U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cell line with an IC50 value of 4.17 μM, which was much better than that of nutlin-3. The molecular docking model also successfully predicted that this class of compounds mimicked the three critical residues of p53 binding to MDM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yuelin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zizhao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eng RC, Wasteneys GO. The microtubule plus-end tracking protein ARMADILLO-REPEAT KINESIN1 promotes microtubule catastrophe in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2014; 26:3372-86. [PMID: 25159991 PMCID: PMC4176440 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics are critically important for plant cell development. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana ARMADILLO-REPEAT KINESIN1 (ARK1) plays a key role in root hair tip growth by promoting microtubule catastrophe events. This destabilizing activity appears to maintain adequate free tubulin concentrations in order to permit rapid microtubule growth, which in turn is correlated with uniform tip growth. Microtubules in ark1-1 root hairs exhibited reduced catastrophe frequency and slower growth velocities, both of which were restored by low concentrations of the microtubule-destabilizing drug oryzalin. An ARK1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein expressed under its endogenous promoter localized to growing microtubule plus ends and rescued the ark1-1 root hair phenotype. Transient overexpression of ARK1-RFP (red fluorescent protein) increased microtubule catastrophe frequency. ARK1-fusion protein constructs lacking the N-terminal motor domain still labeled microtubules, suggesting the existence of a second microtubule binding domain at the C terminus of ARK1. ARK1-GFP was broadly expressed in seedlings, but mutant phenotypes were restricted to root hairs, indicating that ARK1's function is redundant in cells other than those forming root hairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Christopher Eng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey O Wasteneys
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haraguchi T, Tominaga M, Matsumoto R, Sato K, Nakano A, Yamamoto K, Ito K. Molecular characterization and subcellular localization of Arabidopsis class VIII myosin, ATM1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12343-55. [PMID: 24637024 PMCID: PMC4007431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.521716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Land plants possess myosin classes VIII and XI. Although some information is available on the molecular properties of class XI myosins, class VIII myosins are not characterized. Here, we report the first analysis of the enzymatic properties of class VIII myosin. The motor domain of Arabidopsis class VIII myosin, ATM1 (ATM1-MD), and the motor domain plus one IQ motif (ATM1-1IQ) were expressed in a baculovirus system and characterized. ATM1-MD and ATM1-1IQ had low actin-activated Mg(2+)-ATPase activity (Vmax = 4 s(-1)), although their affinities for actin were high (Kactin = 4 μM). The actin-sliding velocities of ATM1-MD and ATM1-1IQ were 0.02 and 0.089 μm/s, respectively, from which the value for full-length ATM1 is calculated to be ∼0.2 μm/s. The results of actin co-sedimentation assay showed that the duty ratio of ATM1 was ∼90%. ADP dissociation from the actin·ATM1 complex (acto-ATM1) was extremely slow, which accounts for the low actin-sliding velocity, low actin-activated ATPase activity, and high duty ratio. The rate of ADP dissociation from acto-ATM1 was markedly biphasic with fast and slow phase rates (5.1 and 0.41 s(-1), respectively). Physiological concentrations of free Mg(2+) modulated actin-sliding velocity and actin-activated ATPase activity by changing the rate of ADP dissociation from acto-ATM1. GFP-fused full-length ATM1 expressed in Arabidopsis was localized to plasmodesmata, plastids, newly formed cell walls, and actin filaments at the cell cortex. Our results suggest that ATM1 functions as a tension sensor/generator at the cell cortex and other structures in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Haraguchi
- From the Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- the Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- the Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, and
| | - Rie Matsumoto
- From the Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522
| | - Kei Sato
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- the Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- From the Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522
| | - Kohji Ito
- From the Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meng D, Gu Z, Yuan H, Wang A, Li W, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Li T. The microtubule cytoskeleton and pollen tube Golgi vesicle system are required for in vitro S-RNase internalization and gametic self-incompatibility in apple. Plant Cell Physiol 2014; 55:977-89. [PMID: 24503865 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
S-RNase is the female determinant of gametophytic self-incompatibility in apple and is usually considered to be the reason for rejection of pollen. In this study, we investigated the role of microtubules (MTs) in internalization of S-RNases by pollen tubes cultured in vitro. The results showed that S-RNase was imported into the pollen tube where it inhibits pollen tube growth, and that S-RNase is co-localized with the Golgi vesicle during the internalization process. Moreover, MT depolymerization is observed following accumulation of S-RNases in the pollen cytosol. On the other hand, S-RNase was prevented from entering the pollen tube when the pollen was treated with the actin filament (AF) inhibitor latrunculin A (LatA), the MT inhibitor oryzalin, or the MT stabilizer taxol at subtoxic concentrations. These hindered the construction of the MT, with pollen tubes capable of growth under these conditions. Pollen tubes showed improved growth in self-pollinated styles that were pre-treated with taxol. This suggests that cytoskeleton antagonists can prevent S-RNase-mediated inhibition of pollen tubes in vivo by blocking S-RNase internalization. These results suggest that an intact and dynamic cytoskeleton is required for the in vitro internalization of S-RNase, as shown by the effects of various cytoskeleton inhibitors. S-RNase internalization takes place via a membrane/cytoskeleton-based Golgi vesicle system, which can also affect self-incompatibility in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Bio-tech, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
El-Ghenymy A, Rodríguez RM, Brillas E, Oturan N, Oturan MA. Electro-Fenton degradation of the antibiotic sulfanilamide with Pt/carbon-felt and BDD/carbon-felt cells. Kinetics, reaction intermediates, and toxicity assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:8368-8378. [PMID: 24687785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of 230 mL of a 0.6-mM sulfanilamide solution in 0.05 M Na₂SO₄ of pH 3.0 has been studied by electro-Fenton process. The electrolytic cell contained either a Pt or boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a carbon-felt cathode. Under these conditions, organics are oxidized by hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation and in the bulk from Fenton's reaction between initially added (and then electrochemically regenerated) Fe(2+) and cathodically generated H₂O₂. From the decay of sulfanilamide concentration determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, an optimum Fe(2+) concentration of 0.20 mM in both cells was found. The drug disappeared more rapidly using BDD than Pt, and, in both cases, it was more quickly removed with raising applied current. Almost total mineralization was achieved using the BDD/carbon-felt cell, whereas the alternative use of Pt anode led to a slightly lower mineralization degree. In both cells, the degradation rate was accelerated at higher current but with the concomitant fall of mineralization current efficiency due to the greater increase in rate of the parasitic reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography allowed the identification of catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene as aromatic intermediates, whereas ion exclusion chromatography revealed the formation of malic, maleic, fumaric, acetic, oxalic, formic, and oxamic acids. NH₄(+), NO₃(-), and SO₄(2-) ions were released during the electro-Fenton process. A plausible reaction sequence for sulfanilamide mineralization involving all detected intermediates has been proposed. The toxicity of the solution was assessed from the Vibrio fischeri bacteria luminescence inhibition. Although it acquired its maximum value at short electrolysis time, the solution was completely detoxified at the end of the electro-Fenton treatment, regardless of the anode used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif El-Ghenymy
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Muziasari WI, Managaki S, Pärnänen K, Karkman A, Lyra C, Tamminen M, Suzuki S, Virta M. Sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes persist in sediments at Baltic Sea aquaculture farms but are not detected in the surrounding environment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92702. [PMID: 24651770 PMCID: PMC3961581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are important factors for assessing ARG risk in aquaculture environments. Here, we quantitatively detected ARGs for sulphonamides (sul1 and sul2) and trimethoprim (dfrA1) and an integrase gene for a class 1 integron (intI1) at aquaculture facilities in the northern Baltic Sea, Finland. The ARGs persisted in sediments below fish farms at very low antibiotic concentrations during the 6-year observation period from 2006 to 2012. Although the ARGs persisted in the farm sediments, they were less prevalent in the surrounding sediments. The copy numbers between the sul1 and intI1 genes were significantly correlated suggesting that class 1 integrons may play a role in the prevalence of sul1 in the farm sediments through horizontal gene transfer. In conclusion, the presence of ARGs may limit the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating fish illnesses, thereby causing a potential risk to the aquaculture industry. However, the restricted presence of ARGs at the farms is unlikely to cause serious effects in the northern Baltic Sea sediment environments around the farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Windi Indra Muziasari
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satoshi Managaki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katariina Pärnänen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Karkman
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Lyra
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manu Tamminen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Centre for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Domozych DS, Sørensen I, Sacks C, Brechka H, Andreas A, Fangel JU, Rose JKC, Willats WGT, Popper ZA. Disruption of the microtubule network alters cellulose deposition and causes major changes in pectin distribution in the cell wall of the green alga, Penium margaritaceum. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:465-79. [PMID: 24285826 PMCID: PMC3904706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of the dintroaniline compound, oryzalin, which inhibits microtubule formation, to the unicellular green alga Penium margaritaceum caused major perturbations to its cell morphology, such as swelling at the wall expansion zone in the central isthmus region. Cell wall structure was also notably altered, including a thinning of the inner cellulosic wall layer and a major disruption of the homogalacturonan (HG)-rich outer wall layer lattice. Polysaccharide microarray analysis indicated that the oryzalin treatment resulted in an increase in HG abundance in treated cells but a decrease in other cell wall components, specifically the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The ring of microtubules that characterizes the cortical area of the cell isthmus zone was significantly disrupted by oryzalin, as was the extensive peripheral network of actin microfilaments. It is proposed that the disruption of the microtubule network altered cellulose production, the main load-bearing component of the cell wall, which in turn affected the incorporation of HG in the two outer wall layers, suggesting coordinated mechanisms of wall polymer deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Domozych
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carly Sacks
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Hannah Brechka
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Amanda Andreas
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Jonatan U. Fangel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - William G. T. Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Zoë A. Popper
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gnida A, Kunda K, Ziembińska A, Luczkiewicz A, Felis E, Surmacz-Górska J. Detection of sulfonamide resistance genes via in situ PCR-FISH. Pol J Microbiol 2014; 63:167-173. [PMID: 25115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rising use of antibiotics and as a consequence of their concentration in the environment an increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria is observed. The phenomenon has a hazardous impact on human and animal life. Sulfamethoxazole is one of the sulfonamides commonly detected in surface waters and soil. The aim of the study was to detect sulfamethoxazole resistance genes in activated sludge biocenosis by use of in situ PCR and/or hybridization. So far no FISH probes for the detection of SMX resistance genes have been described in the literature. We have tested common PCR primers used for SMX resistance genes detection as FISH probes as well as a combination of in situ PCR and FISH. Despite the presence of SMX resistance genes in activated sludge confirmed via traditional PCR, the detection of the genes via microscopic visualization failed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Feng Z, Chen X, Bao Y, Dong J, Zhang Z, Tao X. Nucleocapsid of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus forms mobile particles that traffic on an actin/endoplasmic reticulum network driven by myosin XI-K. New Phytol 2013; 200:1212-24. [PMID: 24032608 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A number of viral proteins from plant viruses, other than movement proteins, have been shown to traffic intracellularly along actin filaments and to be involved in viral infection. However, there has been no report that a viral capsid protein may traffic within a cell by utilizing the actin/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. We used Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) as a model virus to study the cell biological properties of a nucleocapsid (N) protein. We found that TSWV N protein was capable of forming highly motile cytoplasmic inclusions that moved along the ER and actin network. The disruption of actin filaments by latrunculin B, an actin-depolymerizing agent, almost stopped the intracellular movement of N inclusions, whereas treatment with a microtubule-depolymerizing reagent, oryzalin, did not. The over-expression of a myosin XI-K tail, functioning in a dominant-negative manner, completely halted the movement of N inclusions. Latrunculin B treatment strongly inhibited the formation of TSWV local lesions in Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN and delayed systemic infection in N. benthamiana. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that the capsid protein of a plant virus has the novel property of intracellular trafficking. The findings add capsid protein as a new class of viral protein that traffics on the actin/ER system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lindeboom JJ, Lioutas A, Deinum EE, Tindemans SH, Ehrhardt DW, Emons AMC, Vos JW, Mulder BM. Cortical microtubule arrays are initiated from a nonrandom prepattern driven by atypical microtubule initiation. Plant Physiol 2013; 161:1189-201. [PMID: 23300168 PMCID: PMC3585589 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.204057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ordered arrangement of cortical microtubules in growing plant cells is essential for anisotropic cell expansion and, hence, for plant morphogenesis. These arrays are dismantled when the microtubule cytoskeleton is rearranged during mitosis and reassembled following completion of cytokinesis. The reassembly of the cortical array has often been considered as initiating from a state of randomness, from which order arises at least partly through self-organizing mechanisms. However, some studies have shown evidence for ordering at early stages of array assembly. To investigate how cortical arrays are initiated in higher plant cells, we performed live-cell imaging studies of cortical array assembly in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 cells after cytokinesis and drug-induced disassembly. We found that cortical arrays in both cases did not initiate randomly but with a significant overrepresentation of microtubules at diagonal angles with respect to the cell axis, which coincides with the predominant orientation of the microtubules before their disappearance from the cell cortex in preprophase. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root cells, recovery from drug-induced disassembly was also nonrandom and correlated with the organization of the previous array, although no diagonal bias was observed in these cells. Surprisingly, during initiation, only about one-half of the new microtubules were nucleated from locations marked by green fluorescent protein-γ-tubulin complex protein2-tagged γ-nucleation complexes (γ-tubulin ring complex), therefore indicating that a large proportion of early polymers was initiated by a noncanonical mechanism not involving γ-tubulin ring complex. Simulation studies indicate that the high rate of noncanonical initiation of new microtubules has the potential to accelerate the rate of array repopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer J Lindeboom
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eleftheriou EP, Adamakis IDS, Fatsiou M, Panteris E. Hexavalent chromium disrupts mitosis by stabilizing microtubules in Lens culinaris root tip cells. Physiol Plant 2013; 147:169-80. [PMID: 22607451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an accumulating environmental pollutant due to anthropogenic activities, toxic for humans, animals and plants. Therefore, the effects of Cr(VI) on dividing root cells of lentil (Lens culinaris) were investigated by tubulin immunofluorescence and DNA staining. In Cr(VI)-treated roots, cell divisions were perturbed, the chromosomes formed irregular aggregations, multinucleate cells were produced and tubulin clusters were entrapped within the nuclei. All cell cycle-specific microtubule (MT) arrays were affected, indicating a stabilizing effect of Cr(VI) on the MTs of L. culinaris. Besides, a time- and concentration-dependent gradual increase of acetylated α-tubulin, an indicator of MT stabilization, was observed in Cr(VI)-treated roots by both immunofluorescence and western blotting. Evidence is also provided that reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by Cr(VI), determined with the specific marker dichlorofluorescein, may be responsible for MT stabilization. Combined treatments with Cr(VI) and oryzalin revealed that Cr(VI) overcomes the depolymerizing ability of oryzalin, as it does experimentally introduced hydrogen peroxide, further supporting its stabilizing effect. In conclusion, it is suggested that the mitotic aberrations caused by Cr(VI) in L. culinaris root cells may be the result of MT stabilization rather than depolymerization, which consequently disturbs MT dynamics and their related functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morettini S, Gianì S, Nick P, Morello L, Breviario D. Two anti-microtubular drugs for two differential responses: a rice cell line resistant to EPC remains susceptible to oryzalin. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 63:107-114. [PMID: 23261650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity to the two anti-microtubular drugs oryzalin and EPC (ethyl-N-phenylcarbamate) is shown to be uncoupled in the rice EPC-resistant ER31d cell line, derived from the corresponding ER31 mutant. The ER31d cell line grows in the presence of EPC but it remains susceptible to oryzalin. In the presence of concentrations of EPC up to 0.4 mM, ER31d cells remain viable maintaining cell anisotropy and detectable cortical microtubule array. The amount of α- and β-tubulin is also maintained high through a regulatory mechanism that operates at post-transcriptional level. In contrast, all these cellular and molecular parameters are heavily affected by the addition of 1 μM oryzalin. Also, the pattern of post-translationally modified α-tubulins changes in the ER31d cells compared to that of their Nihon-Masari wild type line of reference. The different response elicited by the two herbicides is discussed in relation to a possible differential sensitivity of the cortical MT array, that may in turn relate to their different tubulin-binding specificities and chemical structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Morettini
- Istituto Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Era A, Kutsuna N, Higaki T, Hasezawa S, Nakano A, Ueda T. Microtubule stability affects the unique motility of F-actin in Marchantia polymorpha. J Plant Res 2013; 126:113-119. [PMID: 22678689 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Actin microfilaments play crucial roles in diverse plant functions. Some specific cellular processes require interaction between F-actin and microtubules, and it is believed that there are direct or indirect connections between F-actin and microtubules. We previously reported that actin microfilaments exhibit unique dynamic motility in cells of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha; the relevance of this activity to microtubules has not been explored. To examine whether the dynamics of F-actin in M. polymorpha were somehow regulated by microtubules, we investigated the effects of stabilization or destabilization of microtubules on dynamics of actin bundles, which were visualized by Lifeact-Venus. To our surprise, both stabilization and destabilization of microtubules exerted similar effects on F-actin motility; apparent sliding movement of F-actin in M. polymorpha cells was accelerated by both oryzalin and paclitaxel, with the effect of paclitaxel more evident than that of oryzalin. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that some F-actin bundles were arrayed along with microtubules in M. polymorpha thallus cells. These results suggest that microtubules play regulatory roles in the unique F-actin dynamics in M. polymorpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Era
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang Q, Lin F, Mao T, Nie J, Yan M, Yuan M, Zhang W. Phosphatidic acid regulates microtubule organization by interacting with MAP65-1 in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2012; 24:4555-76. [PMID: 23150630 PMCID: PMC3531852 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids play fundamental structural and regulatory roles in cell metabolism and signaling. Here, we report that phosphatidic acid (PA), a product of phospholipase D (PLD), regulates MAP65-1, a microtubule-associated protein, in response to salt stress. Knockout of the PLDα1 gene resulted in greater NaCl-induced disorganization of microtubules, which could not be recovered during or after removal of the stress. Salt affected the association of MAP65-1 with microtubules, leading to microtubule disorganization in pldα1cells, which was alleviated by exogenous PA. PA bound to MAP65-1, increasing its activity in enhancing microtubule polymerization and bundling. Overexpression of MAP65-1 improved salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Mutations of eight amino acids in MAP65-1 led to the loss of its binding to PA, microtubule-bundling activity, and promotion of salt tolerance. The pldα1 map65-1 double mutant showed greater sensitivity to salt stress than did either single mutant. These results suggest that PLDα1-derived PA binds to MAP65-1, thus mediating microtubule stabilization and salt tolerance. The identification of MAP65-1 as a target of PA reveals a functional connection between membrane lipids and the cytoskeleton in environmental stress signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianing Nie
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang F, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Chen T, Arimura SI, Tsutsumi N, Lin J. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of dynamin-related proteins (AtDRP3A/3B) synergically regulate mitochondrial proliferation during mitosis. Plant J 2012; 72:43-56. [PMID: 22595081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion is disrupted during mitosis, but the mechanism governing this phenomenon in plant cells remains enigmatic. Here, we used mitochondrial matrix-localized Kaede protein (mt-Kaede) to analyze the dynamics of mitochondrial fission in BY-2 suspension cells. Analysis of the photoactivatable fluorescence of mt-Kaede suggested that the fission process is dominant during mitosis. This finding was confirmed by an electron microscopic analysis of the size distribution of mitochondria in BY-2 suspension cells at various stages. Cellular proteins interacting with Myc-tagged dynamin-related protein 3A/3B (AtDRP3A and AtDRP3B) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc antibody-conjugated beads and subsequently identified by microcapillary liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CapLC Q-TOF) MS/MS. The identified proteins were broadly associated with cytoskeletal (microtubular), phosphorylation, or ubiquitination functions. Mitotic phosphorylation of AtDRP3A/AtDRP3B and mitochondrial fission at metaphase were inhibited by treatment of the cells with a CdkB/cyclin B inhibitor or a serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor. The fate of AtDRP3A/3B during the cell cycle was followed by time-lapse imaging of the fluorescence of Dendra2-tagged AtDRP3A/3B after green-to-red photoconversion; this experiment showed that AtDRP3A/3B is partially degraded during interphase. Additionally, we found that microtubules are involved in mitochondrial fission during mitosis, and that mitochondria movement to daughter cell was limited as early as metaphase. Taken together, these findings suggest that mitotic phosphorylation of AtDRP3A/3B promotes mitochondrial fission during plant cell mitosis, and that AtDRP3A/3B is partially degraded at interphase, providing mechanistic insight into the mitochondrial morphological changes associated with cell-cycle transitions in BY-2 suspension cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zevzikoviene A, Zevzikovas A, Tarasevicius E, Pavlonis A, Dirse V. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial study of 4-thiazolidinone containing sulfanilamide. Acta Pol Pharm 2012; 69:911-915. [PMID: 23061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The title compounds, 3-allyl-2-sulfanylamido-4-thiazolidinones (2a-d), have been synthesized after substitution of amino group of sulfanylamide with allylisothiocyanate and cyclization into 4-thiazolidinones. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity (MIC) in vitro) against microorganisms: S. aureus, E. faecalis. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, B. subtilis, B. cereus and C. albicans taking sulfadimidine, sulfathiazole, sulfanilamide and sulfamethizole as standard drugs. Synthesized compounds (2a-d) demonstrated selective activity against B. cereus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Zevzikoviene
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Radially arranged cortical microtubules are a prominent feature of guard cells. Guard cells expressing GFP-tubulin showed consistent changes in the appearance of microtubules when stomata opened or closed. Guard cells showed fewer microtubule structures as stomata closed, whether induced by transfer to darkness, ABA, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium hydrogen carbonate. Guard cells kept in the dark (closed stomata) showed increases in microtubule structures and stomatal aperture on light treatment. GFP-EB1, marking microtubule growing plus ends, showed no change in number of plus ends or velocity of assembly on stomatal closure. Since the number of growing plus ends and the rate of plus-end growth did not change when microtubule structure numbers declined, microtubule instability and/or rearrangement must be responsible for the apparent loss of microtubules. Guard cells with closed stomata showed more cytosolic GFP-fluorescence than those with open stomata as cortical microtubules became disassembled, although with a large net loss in total fluorescence. Microtubule-targeted drugs blocked guard-cell function in Vicia and Arabidopsis. Oryzalin disrupted guard-cell microtubules and prevented stomatal opening and taxol stabilized guard-cell microtubules and delayed stomatal closure. Gas exchange measurements indicated that the transgenes for fluorescent-labeled proteins did not disrupt normal stomatal function. These dynamic changes in guard-cell microtubules combined with our inhibitor studies provide evidence for an active role of microtubules in guard-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Eisinger
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mei Y, Gao HB, Yuan M, Xue HW. The Arabidopsis ARCP protein, CSI1, which is required for microtubule stability, is necessary for root and anther development. Plant Cell 2012; 24:1066-80. [PMID: 22427339 PMCID: PMC3336141 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.095059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Armadillo repeat-containing proteins (ARCPs) are conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms and function in various processes. Regulation of microtubule stability by ARCPs exists widely in mammals and algae, but little is known in plants. Here, we present the functional characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana ARCP, which was previously identified as Cellulose synthase-interactive protein1 (CSI1), and prove its crucial role in anther and root development. CSI1 is highly expressed in floral tissues, and knockout mutants of CSI1 (three allelic lines) accordingly exhibit defective anther dehiscence, which can be partially rescued by mammalian microtubule-stabilizer MAP4, suggesting that CSI1 functions by stabilizing the microtubular cytoskeleton. CSI1 binds microtubules in vitro, and immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed the physical interactions between CSI1 and microtubules in vivo. Analysis using oryzalin, a microtubule-disrupting drug, further revealed the destabilized microtubules under CSI1 deficiency and confirmed the crucial role of CSI1 in microtubule stability. The dynamic change of CSI1 in response to dehydration strongly suggests the important function of CSI1 in dehydration-induced microtubule depolymerization and reorganization, which is crucial for anther development. These results indicate the pivotal role of CSI1 in anther development by regulating microtubule stability and hence cell morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Bo Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang L, Li L, Wu J, Peng J, Zhang L, Wang X. Cell expansion and microtubule behavior in ray floret petals of Gerbera hybrida: Responses to light and gibberellic acid. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:279-88. [PMID: 22020373 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Polko JK, van Zanten M, van Rooij JA, Marée AFM, Voesenek LACJ, Peeters AJM, Pierik R. Ethylene-induced differential petiole growth in Arabidopsis thaliana involves local microtubule reorientation and cell expansion. New Phytol 2012; 193:339-48. [PMID: 21973123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
• Hyponastic growth is an upward petiole movement induced by plants in response to various external stimuli. It is caused by unequal growth rates between adaxial and abaxial sides of the petiole, which bring rosette leaves to a more vertical position. The volatile hormone ethylene is a key regulator inducing hyponasty in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we studied whether ethylene-mediated hyponasty occurs through local stimulation of cell expansion and whether this involves the reorientation of cortical microtubules (CMTs). • To study cell size differences between the two sides of a petiole in ethylene and control conditions, we analyzed epidermal imprints. We studied the involvement of CMT orientation in epidermal cells using the tubulin marker line as well as genetic and pharmacological means of CMT manipulation. • Our results demonstrate that ethylene induces cell expansion at the abaxial side of the- petiole and that this can account for the observed differential growth. At the abaxial side, ethylene induces CMT reorientation from longitudinal to transverse, whereas, at the adaxial side, it has an opposite effect. The inhibition of CMTs disturbed ethylene-induced hyponastic growth. • This work provides evidence that ethylene stimulates cell expansion in a tissue-specific manner and that it is associated with tissue-specific changes in the arrangement of CMTs along the petiole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Polko
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li J, Wang X, Qin T, Zhang Y, Liu X, Sun J, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Yuan M, Mao T. MDP25, a novel calcium regulatory protein, mediates hypocotyl cell elongation by destabilizing cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2011; 23:4411-27. [PMID: 22209764 PMCID: PMC3269874 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.092684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of hypocotyl elongation is important for plant growth. Microtubules play a crucial role during hypocotyl cell elongation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. In this study, we describe a novel Arabidopsis thaliana microtubule-destabilizing protein 25 (MDP25) as a negative regulator of hypocotyl cell elongation. We found that MDP25 directly bound to and destabilized microtubules to enhance microtubule depolymerization in vitro. The seedlings of mdp25 mutant Arabidopsis lines had longer etiolated hypocotyls. In addition, MDP25 overexpression resulted in significant overall shortening of hypocotyl cells, which exhibited destabilized cortical microtubules and abnormal cortical microtubule orientation, suggesting that MDP25 plays a crucial role in the negative regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation. Although MDP25 localized to the plasma membrane under normal conditions, increased calcium levels in cells caused MDP25 to partially dissociate from the plasma membrane and move into the cytosol. Cellular MDP25 bound to and destabilized cortical microtubules, resulting in their reorientation, and subsequently inhibited hypocotyl cell elongation. Our results suggest that MDP25 exerts its function on cortical microtubules by responding to cytoplasmic calcium levels to mediate hypocotyl cell elongation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang S, Kurepa J, Hashimoto T, Smalle JA. Salt stress-induced disassembly of Arabidopsis cortical microtubule arrays involves 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of SPIRAL1. Plant Cell 2011; 23:3412-27. [PMID: 21954463 PMCID: PMC3203425 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.089920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic instability of cortical microtubules (MTs) (i.e., their ability to rapidly alternate between phases of growth and shrinkage) plays an essential role in plant growth and development. In addition, recent studies have revealed a pivotal role for dynamic instability in the response to salt stress conditions. The salt stress response includes a rapid depolymerization of MTs followed by the formation of a new MT network that is believed to be better suited for surviving high salinity. Although this initial depolymerization response is essential for the adaptation to salt stress, the underlying molecular mechanism has remained largely unknown. Here, we show that the MT-associated protein SPIRAL1 (SPR1) plays a key role in salt stress-induced MT disassembly. SPR1, a microtubule stabilizing protein, is degraded by the 26S proteasome, and its degradation rate is accelerated in response to high salinity. We show that accelerated SPR1 degradation is required for a fast MT disassembly response to salt stress and for salt stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhu Wang
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Jasmina Kurepa
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jan A. Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Giannoutsou EP, Apostolakos P, Galatis B. Actin filament-organized local cortical endoplasmic reticulum aggregations in developing stomatal complexes of grasses. Protoplasma 2011; 248:373-90. [PMID: 20644970 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) immunolabeling in developing stomatal complexes and in the intervening cells of the stomatal rows (ICSRs) of Zea mays revealed that the cortical-ER forms distinct aggregations lining locally expanding wall regions. The polarized subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs), displayed a cortical-ER-patch lining the wall region shared with the inducing guard cell mother cell (GMC), which disorganized during mitosis. In dividing SMCs, ER persisted in the preprophase band region and was unequally distributed in the mitotic spindle poles. The subsidiary cells (SCs) formed initially an ER-patch lining the common wall with the GMC or the young guard cells and afterwards an ER-ring in the junction of the SC wall with the neighboring ones. Distinct ER aggregations lined the ICSR wall regions shared with the SCs. The cortical-ER aggregations in stomatal cells of Z. mays were co-localized with actin filament (AF) arrays but both were absent from the respective cells of Triticum turgidum, which follow a different morphogenetic pattern. Experimental evidence showed that the interphase ER aggregations are organized by the respective AF arrays, while the mitotic ER aggregations by microtubules. These results revealed that AF and ER demarcated "cortical cytoplasmic domains" are activated below the locally expanding stomatal cell wall regions, probably via a mechanosensing mechanism triggered by the locally stressed plasmalemma/cell wall continuum. The probable role(s) of the local ER aggregations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Magne D, Angoulvant A, Botterel F, Bouges-Michel C, Bougnoux ME, Bouree P, Chochillon C, Cornet M, Dannaoui E, Fekkar A, Galeazzi G, Yera H, Sarfati C, Roux P. Pneumocystosis: a network survey in the Paris area 2003-2008. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:673-5. [PMID: 21229281 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-1139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this network group were to collect epidemiological data of PcP cases in 14 hospitals in the Paris area and to determine the Di-Hydro Pteroate Synthase (DHPS) genotypes, genetic markers for possible sulfamide resistance. From January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2008, 993 (mean 166/year) PcP cases have been reported. Sixty-five percent of patients were HIV-positive. The median count of CD4 lymphocytes was 32/mm(3) (30 in HIV-positive patients, 152 in HIV-negative patients). In HIV-positive patients, PcP revealed the HIV infection in 39%. Among 304 PcP occurring in HIV known infected patients, no prophylaxis was prescribed for 64%; cotrimoxazole prophylaxis had been prescribed to 47 patients but only one of them had the right compliance. In HIV-negative patients (264), corticosteroids were prescribed in 59% and cytotoxic chemotherapies in 34%; 78% did not receive prophylaxis. One hundred sixty nine tumoral pathologies and 116 transplantations were notified. The mortality rate was 16% at day 14 (13% in HIV-positive patients, 26% in HIV-negative patients). Mutations in DHPS genes were detected in 18.5% of samples; 12.5% of patients were infected with several strains. The total annual number of cases has been stable for five years but the proportion of HIV-negative patients increased from 25% to 43%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Magne
- Hôpital St Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|