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Gianazza E, Zoanni B, Mallia A, Brioschi M, Colombo GI, Banfi C. Proteomic studies on apoB-containing lipoprotein in cardiovascular research: A comprehensive review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1397-1423. [PMID: 34747518 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, makes the current clinical pathway for cardiovascular risk assessment unsatisfactory, as there remains a substantial unexplained residual risk. Simultaneous assessment of a large number of plasma proteins may be a promising tool to further refine risk assessment, and lipoprotein-associated proteins have the potential to fill this gap. Technical advances now allow for high-throughput proteomic analysis in a reproducible and cost-effective manner. Proteomics has great potential to identify and quantify hundreds of candidate marker proteins in a sample and allows the translation from isolated lipoproteins to whole plasma, thus providing an individual multiplexed proteomic fingerprint. This narrative review describes the pathophysiological roles of atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins and the recent advances in their mass spectrometry-based proteomic characterization and quantitation for better refinement of CVD risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Mallia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Woo JG, Melchior JT, Swertfeger DK, Remaley AT, Sise EA, Sosseh F, Welge JA, Prentice AM, Davidson WS, Moore SE, Woollett LA. Lipoprotein subfraction patterns throughout gestation in The Gambia: changes in subfraction composition and their relationships with infant birth weights. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 36737730 PMCID: PMC9896684 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein subfraction concentrations have been shown to change as gestation progresses in resource-rich settings. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on different-sized lipoprotein particle concentrations and compositions in a resource-poor setting. METHOD Samples were collected from pregnant women in rural Gambia at enrollment (8-20 weeks), 20 weeks, and 30 weeks of gestation. Concentrations of different-sized high-density, low-density, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (HDL, LDL, and TRL, respectively) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in 126 pooled plasma samples from a subset of women. HDL was isolated and the HDL proteome evaluated using mass spectroscopy. Subfraction concentrations from women in The Gambia were also compared to concentrations in women in the U.S. in mid gestation. RESULTS Total lipoprotein particles and all-sized TRL, LDL, and HDL particle concentrations increased during gestation, with the exception of medium-sized LDL and HDL particles which decreased. Subfraction concentrations were not associated with infant birth weights, though relationships were found between some lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in women with normal versus low birth weight infants (< 2500 kg). HDL's proteome also changed during gestation, showing enrichment in proteins associated with metal ion binding, hemostasis, lipid metabolism, protease inhibitors, proteolysis, and complement activation. Compared to women in the U.S., Gambian women had lower large- and small-sized LDL and HDL concentrations, but similar medium-sized LDL and HDL concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Most lipoprotein subfraction concentrations increase throughout pregnancy in Gambian women and are lower in Gambian vs U.S. women, the exception being medium-sized LDL and HDL particle concentrations which decrease during gestation and are similar in both cohorts of women. The proteomes of HDL also change in ways to support gestation. These changes warrant further study to determine how a lack of change or different changes could impact negative pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Woo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John T Melchior
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, WA, Richland, USA
| | - Debi K Swertfeger
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ebrima A Sise
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Fatou Sosseh
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sophie E Moore
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura A Woollett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Lazaris V, Hatziri A, Symeonidis A, Kypreos KE. The Lipoprotein Transport System in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma: Advances and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638288. [PMID: 33842343 PMCID: PMC8032975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplastic hematologic disorder characterized by malignant plasma cells, mainly in the bone marrow. MM is associated with multiple factors, such as lipid metabolism, obesity, and age-associated disease development. Although, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown, abnormal lipid and lipoprotein levels have been reported in patients with MM. Interestingly, patients with higher APOA1 levels, the major apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL), have better overall survival. The limited existing studies regarding serum lipoproteins in MM are inconclusive, and often contradictory. Nevertheless, it appears that deregulation of the lipoprotein transport system may facilitate the development of the disease. Here, we provide a critical review of the literature on the role of lipids and lipoproteins in MM pathophysiology. We also propose novel mechanisms, linking the development and progression of MM to the metabolism of blood lipoproteins. We anticipate that proteomic and lipidomic analyses of serum lipoproteins along with analyses of their functionality may improve our understanding and shed light on novel mechanistic aspects of MM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Lazaris
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Hematology Clinic, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatziri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Abstract
Introduction: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous and their proteome is complex and distinct from HDL cholesterol. However, it is largely unknown whether HDL proteins are associated with cardiovascular protection. Areas covered: HDL isolation techniques and proteomic analyses are reviewed. A list of HDL proteins reported in 37 different studies was compiled and the effects of different isolation techniques on proteins attributed to HDL are discussed. Mass spectrometric techniques used for HDL analysis and the need for precise and robust methods for quantification of HDL proteins are discussed. Expert opinion: Proteins associated with HDL have the potential to be used as biomarkers and/or help to understand HDL functionality. To achieve this, large cohorts must be studied using precise quantification methods. Key factors in HDL proteome quantification are the isolation methodology and the mass spectrometry technique employed. Isolation methodology affects what proteins are identified in HDL and the specificity of association with HDL particles needs to be addressed. Shotgun proteomics yields imprecise quantification, but the majority of HDL studies relied on this approach. Few recent studies used targeted tandem mass spectrometry to quantify HDL proteins, and it is imperative that future studies focus on the application of these precise techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tomáš Vaisar
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Kaiser K, Gyllborg D, Procházka J, Salašová A, Kompaníková P, Molina FL, Laguna-Goya R, Radaszkiewicz T, Harnoš J, Procházková M, Potěšil D, Barker RA, Casado ÁG, Zdráhal Z, Sedláček R, Arenas E, Villaescusa JC, Bryja V. WNT5A is transported via lipoprotein particles in the cerebrospinal fluid to regulate hindbrain morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1498. [PMID: 30940800 PMCID: PMC6445127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNTs are lipid-modified proteins that control multiple functions in development and disease via short- and long-range signaling. However, it is unclear how these hydrophobic molecules spread over long distances in the mammalian brain. Here we show that WNT5A is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP) of the developing hindbrain, but not the telencephalon, in both mouse and human. Since the ChP produces and secretes the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we examine the presence of WNT5A in the CSF and find that it is associated with lipoprotein particles rather than exosomes. Moreover, since the CSF flows along the apical surface of hindbrain progenitors not expressing Wnt5a, we examined whether deletion of Wnt5a in the ChP controls their function and find that cerebellar morphogenesis is impaired. Our study thus identifies the CSF as a route and lipoprotein particles as a vehicle for long-range transport of biologically active WNT in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jan Procházka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Salašová
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, C 8000, Denmark
| | - Petra Kompaníková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Lamus Molina
- Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 5, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocio Laguna-Goya
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Procházková
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ángel Gato Casado
- Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 5, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedláček
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - J Carlos Villaescusa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
- Psychiatric Stem Cell Group, Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
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Swertfeger DK, Rebholz S, Li H, Shah AS, Davidson WS, Lu LJ. Feasibility of a plasma bioassay to assess oxidative protection of low-density lipoproteins by high-density lipoproteins. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:1539-1548. [PMID: 30244943 PMCID: PMC6437770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, the impact of lipoproteins on vascular disease has been evaluated in light of their quantity, that is, cholesterol content, in plasma. However, recent studies of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have focused on functionality with regard to atheroprotection. For example, bioassays have emerged to assess the ability of HDL, in its near native plasma environment, to promote cholesterol removal (efflux) from cells. As a result, attention has focused on developing plasma-based assays for other putative HDL protective functions including protecting low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidative damage. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of such an assay in a complex sample such as plasma, we evaluated the contribution of HDL vs other plasma factors in preventing LDL oxidation. METHODS We separated normolipidemic human plasma by gel filtration chromatography and assessed each fraction for its ability to prevent LDL modification by water soluble radical and copper-initiated oxidation mechanisms. RESULTS Using proteomics and selective precipitation methods, we identified major antioxidative contributions for fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, albumin, and small soluble molecules like uric acid and ascorbate, with albumin being especially dominant in copper-initiated mechanisms. HDL particles were minor contributors (∼1%-2%) to the antioxidant capacity of plasma, irrespective of oxidation mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Given the overwhelming background of antioxidant capacity inherent to highly abundant plasma proteins, specific bioassays of HDL antioxidative function will likely require its complete separation from plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debi K Swertfeger
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sandra Rebholz
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Long J Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Kypreos KE, Bitzur R, Karavia EA, Xepapadaki E, Panayiotakopoulos G, Constantinou C. Pharmacological Management of Dyslipidemia in Atherosclerosis: Limitations, Challenges, and New Therapeutic Opportunities. Angiology 2018; 70:197-209. [PMID: 29862840 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718779533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies during the last 7 decades indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels correlate with the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall. This observation led to the development of LDL-C-lowering drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, some with greater success than others. However, a body of recent clinical evidence shows that a substantial residual cardiovascular risk exists even at very low levels of LDL-C, suggesting that new therapeutic modalities are still needed for reduction of atherosclerosis morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, HDL-C-raising drugs developed toward this goal had disappointing results thus far. Here, we critically review the literature presenting available evidence and challenges that need to be met and discuss possible new avenues for the development of novel lipid pharmacotherapeutics to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Rafael Bitzur
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | - Caterina Constantinou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
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Swertfeger DK, Li H, Rebholz S, Zhu X, Shah AS, Davidson WS, Lu LJ. Mapping Atheroprotective Functions and Related Proteins/Lipoproteins in Size Fractionated Human Plasma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:680-693. [PMID: 28223350 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL has been shown to possess a variety of cardio-protective functions, including removal of excess cholesterol from the periphery, and inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation. It has been proposed that various HDL subparticles exist, each with distinct protein and lipid compositions, which may be responsible for HDL's many functions. We hypothesized that HDL functions will co-migrate with the operational lipoprotein subspecies when separated by gel filtration chromatography. Plasma from 10 healthy male donors was fractionated and the protein composition of the phospholipid containing fractions was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Each fraction was evaluated for its proteomic content as well as its ability to promote cholesterol efflux and protect low density lipoprotein (LDL) from free radical oxidation. For each function, several peaks of activity were identified across the plasma size gradient. Neither cholesterol efflux or LDL antioxidation activity correlated strongly with any single protein across the fractions. However, we identified multiple proteins that had strong correlations (r values >0.7, p < 0.01) with individual peaks of activity. These proteins fell into diverse functional categories, including those traditionally associated with lipid metabolism, as well as alternative complement cascade, innate immunity and clotting cascades and immunoglobulins. Additionally, the phospholipid and cholesterol concentration of the fractions correlated strongly with cholesterol efflux (r = 0.95 and 0.82 respectively), whereas the total protein content of the fractions correlated best with antioxidant activity across all fractions (r = 0.746). Furthermore, two previously postulated subspecies (apoA-I, apoA-II and apoC-1; as well as apoA-I, apoC-I and apoJ) were found to have strong correlations with both cholesterol efflux and antioxidation activity. Up till now, very little has been known about how lipoprotein composition mediates functions like cholesterol efflux and antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debi K Swertfeger
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Hailong Li
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Sandra Rebholz
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039.,¶Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237-0507
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Amy S Shah
- ‖Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - W Sean Davidson
- ¶Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237-0507
| | - Long J Lu
- From the ‡School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; .,§Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
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