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Navya PV, Ganesan K, Neyts EC, Sampath S. Heterocycle- and Amine-Free Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Molecules for Energy-Saving See-Through Smart Windows and Displays. Chemistry 2024:e202401647. [PMID: 38747442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are an elegant alternative to dusty curtains, blinds, and traditional dimming devices. The EC energy storage smart windows and displays received remarkable attention in the optoelectronic industry as they hold promise for high energy efficiency, low power consumption, reversibility, and swift response to stimuli. However, achieving these properties remains challenging. Moreover, most EC molecules do not exhibit electrofluorochromism, which is highly essential for smart displays because its EC property can modulate the solar heat entering the building, and its electrofluorochromic (EFC) aspects can create lighting during the night. In this work, a structure-property relationship is utilized to develop new electrochromes that can store the injected charge, and these molecules indeed exhibit electrofluorochromism. The compounds are synthesized from tetrabenzofluorene with two aromatic acceptor units, and avoids the use of widely studied heterocycles and amine derivatives. The electrochromes switches from yellow to dark hue in solution, solid, and gel state. The compounds display exceptional electrochemical stability and reversibility in 1000 cycles and capacity retention of 93-100 % in 300 charging-discharging cycles. The proof-of-concept device fabrication of the self-dimming EC smart window presented here demonstrates that it can furnish visual comfort, modulate transmitted light and glare, and reduce energy usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panichiyil V Navya
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Krithika Ganesan
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Erik C Neyts
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
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2
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Wang D, Li J, Sun X, Hu J, Tan X, Jia Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Wu G, Wang X. New electric field responsive photonic crystals with remarkable yellow-to-green switch for adaptive camouflage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:581-591. [PMID: 37862807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Electric field responsive photonic crystals take on critical significance in developing adaptive camouflage technology, which are promising materials for adaptive camouflage devices with better fabrication processes and color saturation. However, electric field responsive photonic crystals are primarily susceptible to poor fusion with typical background colors and necessitate the continuous implementation of electric fields to attain specific colors, thus limiting their practical applications. Monodisperse polyvinylpyrrolidone modified cadmium sulfide (PVP/CdS) microspheres with large refractive index are well prepared in this study. Liquid photonic crystals, exhibiting earth-yellow and light green under specific electric field, are obtained with PVP/CdS particles dispersed in propylene carbonate in accordance with the subtractive color mixing principle of structural color and initial color. The resulting electric field responsive photonic crystals are characterized by a simple preparation process, fast electrical response, long-time holding of the earth-yellow state, and reversible color changes between earth-yellow and light green in -3.5 V and + 3.5 V electric field switching. This study can contribute to the development of color-changing devices designed for adaptive camouflage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jingfang Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Xueqiang Tan
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Qi Jia
- College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Guohua Wu
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Wu L, Guo Y, Kuang G, Wang Y, Liu H, Kang Y, Ma T, Tao Y, Huang K, Zhang S. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of all donor polymers containing fused thienothiophene derivatives with high contrast and color efficiency. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Xu Z, Wang B, Kong L, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Color-tuning neutrality for soluble black-to-transmissive electrochromics via solution co-processing. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Du Y, Zhao J, Xie Y. Novel Thiadiazolobenzotriazole Based Donor–Acceptor Type Conjugated Polymers as Neutral Green Electrochromic Materials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yuchang Du
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Yichun University Yichun 336000 P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
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Collier GS, Wilkins R, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. Exploring Isomeric Effects on Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Red/Orange Electrochromic Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Riley Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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7
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Topal S, Sezer E, Eroglu MS, Ozturk T. Surface characterization, electrochromic and capacitive properties of poly(N-(4-(4-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3-yl-phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine) film. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Flexible Electrochromic Poly(thiophene-furan) Film via Electrodeposition with High Stability. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lv Y, Yang X, Du W, Ma P, Wang H, Bonnefont A, Wright DS, Ruhlmann L, Zhang C. An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution-Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3844-3854. [PMID: 32413249 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new green synthetic route to tris[4-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine (TEPA) monomer has been developed and the molecular structure of TEPA has been determined by using single-crystal XRD. Solution-processable nanoporous poly{tris[4-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine} (PTEPA) is prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization in a microemulsion. Based on the distorted structure of TEPA in the solid state, it is proposed that dendritic PTEPA has a distorted 3 D conformation with multiple twisted channels and pores that are narrowed and blocked by bifurcation and distortion of PTEPA, which is consistent with the observed hierarchical pore structure. As a cathode material, PTEPA exhibits a discharge capacity of 89.5 mAh g-1 in the initial cycle with a highly sloping two-stage discharge curve and relatively stable cycling performance. Beyond its excellent energy storage properties, PTEPA also shows relatively good electrochromic performance. Furthermore, an efficient all-solid-state electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) with good electrochromic performance and high energy storage capacity (13.3 mF cm-2 ) is assembled from PTEPA and nanoporous graphene films. During charge-discharge processes, the color of the ECSC changes between yellow-green and steel blue. Thus, the energy storage level of the ECSC can be monitored by the corresponding color changes. The fabricated ECSC may have practical applications, for example, in self-powered electrochromic smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Lv
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
- Institut de Chimie (UMR au CNRS n°7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Xing Yang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weishi Du
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Shaoxing Jinye Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., No.173, Zhenghai Road, Binhai Industrial Zone, Keqiao District, Shaoxing, 312073, P.R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Antoine Bonnefont
- Institut de Chimie (UMR au CNRS n°7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Dominic S Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie (UMR au CNRS n°7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Yin Y, Xing X, Fang D, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Ali MU, Shi Y, Bai J, Wu P, Shen CK, Meng H. The Effect of Oligo(Ethylene Oxide) Side Chains: A Strategy to Improve Contrast and Switching Speed in Electrochromic Polymers. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:321-327. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youquan Chen
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuyang Yin
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xing Xing
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Shenzhen)Northwestern Polytechnical University Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Daqi Fang
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuhao Shi
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Junwu Bai
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Shenzhen ZSZ Construction Group Co., Ltd Chinese Cha Gong 82 Jingtian Road North Shenzhen China
| | - Clifton Kwang‐Fu Shen
- Guangdong Leputai New Material Technology Co., Ltd Songshan Lake High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Dongguan China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
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11
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Chen G, Qian G, Yi S, He Z, Wu HB, Yang W, Zhang B, Cao Y. Molecular Engineering on Bis(benzothiophene- S, S-dioxide)-Based Large-Band Gap Polymers for Interfacial Modifications in Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45969-45978. [PMID: 31694372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of effectively universal interfacial materials for both conventional and inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) plays a very crucial role in achieving highly photovoltaic performance and feasible device engineering. In this study, two novel alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers (PBSON-P and PBSON-FEO) with bis(benzothiophene-S,S-dioxide)-fused aromatics (FBTO) as the core unit and amino as functional groups are synthesized. They are utilized as universal cathode interfacial layers for both conventional and inverted PSCs simultaneously. Ascribing to the enlarged conjugated planarity and higher electron affinity for an FBTO unit, both PBSON-P and PBSON-FEO exhibit versatile electron-transporting abilities. They show wide band gaps that are important for light absorption in inverted PSCs, at which point PBSON-P and PBSON-FEO are more progressive than some of the reported small band gap cathode interfacial materials. Importantly, PBSON-P and PBSON-FEO display deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, which can block holes at the cathode and thus increase the fill factor. As a result, both conventional and inverted PSCs using PBSON-P and PBSON-FEO as cathode interlayers realize high photovoltaic performance. Therefore, this series of novel polymers are amphibious cathode interfacial materials for high-performance conventional and inverted PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Jiaying University , Meizhou 514015 , P. R. China
| | - Gaoheng Qian
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Shuwang Yi
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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Santiago S, Aller M, Campo FJ, Guirado G. Screen‐printable Electrochromic Polymer Inks and Ion Gel Electrolytes for the Design of Low‐power, Flexible Electrochromic Devices. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santiago
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til⋅lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Aller
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSICCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til.lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Javier Campo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM-CSICCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til.lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona C/ Til⋅lers s/n 08193-Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain
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Yu H, Qi M, Wang J, Yin Y, He Y, Meng H, Huang W. A feasible strategy for the fabrication of camouflage electrochromic fabric and unconventional devices. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Li W, Ning J, Yin Y, Xing X, Qi M, Li T, Cao J, He Y, Perepichka IF, Meng H. Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based conjugated copolymers for solution-processable neutral black electrochromism. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two neutral black copolymers were prepared by employing PTTPh or PTTTh as complementary segments to supplement the absorption deficiency from PTTBT.
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