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Ma H, Pan SQ, Wang WL, Yue X, Xi XH, Yan S, Wu DY, Wang X, Liu G, Ren B. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Current Understanding, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14000-14019. [PMID: 38764194 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
While surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has experienced substantial advancements since its discovery in the 1970s, it is an opportunity to celebrate achievements, consider ongoing endeavors, and anticipate the future trajectory of SERS. In this perspective, we encapsulate the latest breakthroughs in comprehending the electromagnetic enhancement mechanisms of SERS, and revisit CT mechanisms of semiconductors. We then summarize the strategies to improve sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability. After addressing experimental advancements, we comprehensively survey the progress on spectrum-structure correlation of SERS showcasing their important role in promoting SERS development. Finally, we anticipate forthcoming directions and opportunities, especially in deepening our insights into chemical or biological processes and establishing a clear spectrum-structure correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si-Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Han Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Song Y, Zeng M, Wang X, Shi P, Fei M, Zhu J. Hierarchical Engineering of Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209134. [PMID: 37246306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting water from air in sorption-based devices is a promising solution to decentralized water production, aiming for providing potable water anywhere, anytime. This technology involves a series of coupled processes occurring at distinct length scales, ranging from nanometer to meter and even larger, including water sorption/desorption at the nanoscale, condensation at the mesoscale, device development at the macroscale and water scarcity assessment at the global scale. Comprehensive understanding and bespoke designs at every scale are thus needed to improve the water-harvesting performance. For this purpose, a brief introduction of the global water crisis and its key characteristics is provided to clarify the impact potential and design criteria of water harvesters. Next the latest molecular-level optimizations of sorbents for efficient moisture capture and release are discussed. Then, novel microstructuring of surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation, which is favorable for atmospheric water generation, is shown. After that, system-level optimizations of sorbent-assisted water harvesters to achieve high-yield, energy-efficient, and low-cost water harvesting are highlighted. Finally, future directions toward practical sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Peiru Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Minfei Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
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3
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Cho IH, Ji MG, Kim J. Pursuit of hidden rules behind the irregularity of nano capillary lithography by hybrid intelligence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13649. [PMID: 37608050 PMCID: PMC10444899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature finds a way to leverage nanotextures to achieve desired functions. Recent advances in nanotechnologies endow fascinating multi-functionalities to nanotextures by modulating the nanopixel's height. But nanoscale height control is a daunting task involving chemical and/or physical processes. As a facile, cost-effective, and potentially scalable remedy, the nanoscale capillary force lithography (CFL) receives notable attention. The key enabler is optical pre-modification of photopolymer's characteristics via ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Still, the underlying physics of the nanoscale CFL is not well understood, and unexplained phenomena such as the "forbidden gap" in the nano capillary rise (unreachable height) abound. Due to the lack of large data, small length scales, and the absence of first principles, direct adoptions of machine learning or analytical approaches have been difficult. This paper proposes a hybrid intelligence approach in which both artificial and human intelligence coherently work together to unravel the hidden rules with small data. Our results show promising performance in identifying transparent, physics-retained rules of air diffusivity, dynamic viscosity, and surface tension, which collectively appear to explain the forbidden gap in the nanoscale CFL. This paper promotes synergistic collaborations of humans and AI for advancing nanotechnology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Cho
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Myung Gi Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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4
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Haque Chowdhury MA, Tasnim N, Hossain M, Habib A. Flexible, stretchable, and single-molecule-sensitive SERS-active sensor for wearable biosensing applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20787-20798. [PMID: 37441043 PMCID: PMC10334262 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable sensors for remote patient monitoring and personalized medicine has led to a revolution in biomedical technology. Plasmonic metasurfaces that enhance Raman scattering signals have recently gained attention as wearable sensors. However, finding a flexible, sensitive, and easy-to-fabricate metasurface has been a challenge for decades. In this paper, a novel wearable device, the flexible, stretchable, and single-molecule-sensetive SERS-active sensor, is proposed. This device offers an unprecedented SERS enhancement factor in the order of 1011, along with other long-desired characteristics for SERS applications such as a high scattering to absorption ratio (∼2.5) and a large hotspot volume (40 nm × 40 nm × 5 nm). To achieve flexibility, we use polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate, which is stable, transparent, and biologically compatible. Our numerical calculations show that the proposed sensor offers reliable SERS performance even under bending (up to 100° angles) or stretching (up to 50% stretch). The easy-to-fabricate and flexible nature of our sensor offers a promising avenue for developing highly sensitive wearable sensors for a range of applications, particularly in the field of personalized medicine and remote patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
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5
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Xie Y, Yang L, Du J, Li Z. Giant Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation in Hybrid Metasurface Coupled MoS 2 with Fano-Resonance Effect. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:97. [PMID: 36194308 PMCID: PMC9532486 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures have been regarded as potential candidates for boosting the nonlinear up-conversion rate at the nanoscale level due to their strong near-field enhancement and inherent high design freedom. Here, we design a hybrid metasurface to realize the moderate interaction of Fano resonance and create the dual-resonant mode-matching condition to facilitate the nonlinear process of second harmonic generation (SHG). The hybrid metasurface presents dipolar and octupolar plasmonic modes near the fundamental and doubled-frequency wavelengths, respectively, further utilized to enhance the SHG of low-dimensional MoS2 semiconductors. The maximum intensity of SHG in hybrid metasurface coupled MoS2 is more than ten thousand times larger than that of other structure-units coupled MoS2. The conversion efficiency is reported to be as high as 3.27 × 10-7. This work paves the way to optimize nonlinear light-matter interactions in low-dimensional structures coupled with semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuli Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Broadband Perfect Absorber in the Visible Range Based on Metasurface Composite Structures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072612. [PMID: 35407943 PMCID: PMC9000352 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The broadband perfect absorption of visible light is of great significance for solar cells and photodetectors. The realization of a two-dimensional broadband perfect absorber in the visible range poses a formidable challenge with regard to improving the integration of optical systems. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a broadband perfect absorber in the visible range from 400 nm to 700 nm based on metasurface composite structures. Simulation results show that the average absorptance is ~95.7% due to the combination of the intrinsic absorption of the lossy metallic material (Au) and the coupling resonances of the multi-sized resonators. The proposed perfect absorber may find potential applications in photovoltaics and photodetection.
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7
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Shu Z, Chen Y, Feng Z, Liang H, Li W, Liu Y, Duan H. Asymmetric Nanofractures Determined the Nonreciprocal Peeling for Self-Aligned Heterostructure Nanogaps and Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1718-1726. [PMID: 34978176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Planar heterostructures composed of two or more adjacent structures with different materials are a kind of building blocks for various applications in surface plasmon resonance sensors, rectifiers, photovoltaic devices, and ambipolar devices, but their reliable fabrication with controllable shape, size, and positioning accuracy remains challenging. In this work, we propose a concept for fabricating planar heterostructures via directional stripping and controlled nanofractures of metallic films, with which self-aligned, multimaterial, multiscale heterostructures with arbitrary geometries and sub-20 nm gaps can be obtained. By using a split ring as the template, the asymmetric nanofracture of the deposited film at the split position results in nonreciprocal peeling of the film in the split ring. Compared to the conventional processes, the final heterostructures are defined only by their outlines, thus providing the ability to fabricate complex heterostructures with higher resolutions. We demonstrate that this method can be used to fabricate heterodimers, multimaterial oligomers, and multiscale asymmetrical electrodes. An Ag-MoS2-Au photodiode with a strong rectification effect is fabricated based on the nanogap heterostructures prepared by this method. This technology provides a unique and reliable approach to define nanogap heterostructures, which are supposed to have potential applications in nanoelectronics, nanoplasmonics, nano-optoelectronics, and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Shu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhanyong Feng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huikang Liang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wanying Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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8
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Luo S, Hoff BH, Maier SA, de Mello JC. Scalable Fabrication of Metallic Nanogaps at the Sub-10 nm Level. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102756. [PMID: 34719889 PMCID: PMC8693066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanogaps with metal-metal separations of less than 10 nm have many applications in nanoscale photonics and electronics. However, their fabrication remains a considerable challenge, especially for applications that require patterning of nanoscale features over macroscopic length-scales. Here, some of the most promising techniques for nanogap fabrication are evaluated, covering established technologies such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography (EBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling, plus a number of newer methods that use novel electrochemical and mechanical means to effect the patterning. The physical principles behind each method are reviewed and their strengths and limitations for nanogap patterning in terms of resolution, fidelity, speed, ease of implementation, versatility, and scalability to large substrate sizes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
| | - Bård H. Hoff
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Nano‐Institute MunichFaculty of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMünchen80539Germany
- Blackett LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - John C. de Mello
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
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9
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Shi H, Zhu X, Zhang S, Wen G, Zheng M, Duan H. Plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small features: new effects, fabrication and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4349-4369. [PMID: 36133477 PMCID: PMC9417648 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons in metals promise many fascinating properties and applications in optics, sensing, photonics and nonlinear fields. Plasmonic nanostructures with extremely small features especially demonstrate amazing new effects as the feature sizes scale down to the sub-nanometer scale, such as quantum size effects, quantum tunneling, spill-out of electrons and nonlocal states etc. The unusual physical, optical and photo-electronic properties observed in metallic structures with extreme feature sizes enable their unique applications in electromagnetic field focusing, spectra enhancing, imaging, quantum photonics, etc. In this review, we focus on the new effects, fabrication and applications of plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small features. For simplicity and consistency, we will focus our topic on the plasmonic metal nanostructures with feature sizes of sub-nanometers. Subsequently, we discussed four main and typical plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small features, including: (1) ultra-sharp plasmonic metal nanotips; (2) ultra-thin plasmonic metal films; (3) ultra-small plasmonic metal particles and (4) ultra-small plasmonic metal nanogaps. Additionally, the corresponding fascinating new effects (quantum nonlinear, non-locality, quantum size effect and quantum tunneling), applications (spectral enhancement, high-order harmonic wave generation, sensing and terahertz wave detection) and reliable fabrication methods will also be discussed. We end the discussion with a brief summary and outlook of the main challenges and possible breakthroughs in the field. We hope our discussion can inspire the broader design, fabrication and application of plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small feature sizes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Shi
- Center for Research on Leading Technology of Special Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xupeng Zhu
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Shi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Guilin Wen
- Center for Research on Leading Technology of Special Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | | | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
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10
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Allen FI. A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:633-664. [PMID: 34285866 PMCID: PMC8261528 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The helium ion microscope has emerged as a multifaceted instrument enabling a broad range of applications beyond imaging in which the finely focused helium ion beam is used for a variety of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication tasks. Operation of the ion source with neon has extended the reach of this technology even further. This paper reviews the materials modification research that has been enabled by the helium ion microscope since its commercialization in 2007, ranging from fundamental studies of beam-sample effects, to the prototyping of new devices with features in the sub-10 nm domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances I Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Dong Z, Gorelik S, Paniagua-Dominguez R, Yik J, Ho J, Tjiptoharsono F, Lassalle E, Rezaei SD, Neo DCJ, Bai P, Kuznetsov AI, Yang JKW. Silicon Nanoantenna Mix Arrays for a Trifecta of Quantum Emitter Enhancements. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4853-4860. [PMID: 34041907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric nanostructures have demonstrated optical antenna effects due to Mie resonances. Previous work has exhibited enhancements in absorption, emission rates and directionality with practical limitations. In this paper, we present a Si mix antenna array to achieve a trifecta enhancement of ∼1200-fold with a Purcell factor of ∼47. The antenna design incorporates ∼10 nm gaps, within which fluorescent molecules strongly absorb the pump laser energy through a resonant mode. In the emission process, the antenna array increases the radiative decay rates of the fluorescence molecules via a Purcell effect and provides directional emission through a separate mode. This work could lead to novel CMOS-compatible platforms to enhance fluorescence for biological and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Sergey Gorelik
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Ramón Paniagua-Dominguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Johnathan Yik
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, 138632 Singapore
| | - Jinfa Ho
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Febiana Tjiptoharsono
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Lassalle
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | | | - Darren C J Neo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Ping Bai
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, 138632 Singapore
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
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12
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Zeng P, Shu Z, Zhang S, Liang H, Zhou Y, Ba D, Feng Z, Zheng M, Wu J, Chen Y, Duan H. Fabrication of single-nanometer metallic gaps via spontaneous nanoscale dewetting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:205302. [PMID: 33571970 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall metallic nanogaps are of great significance for wide applications in various nanodevices. However, it is challenging to fabricate ultrasmall metallic nanogaps by using common lithographic methods due to the limited resolution. In this work, we establish an effective approach for successful formation of ultrasmall metallic nanogaps based on the spontaneous nanoscale dewetting effect during metal deposition. By varying the initial opening size of the exposed resist template, the influence of dewetting behavior could be adjusted and tiny metallic nanogaps can be obtained. We demonstrate that this method is effective to fabricate diverse sub-10 nm gaps in silver nanostructures. Based on this fabrication concept, even sub-5 nm metallic gaps were obtained. SERS measurements were performed to show the molecular detection capability of the fabricated Ag nanogaps. This approach is a promising candidate for sub-10 nm metallic gaps fabrication, thus possessing potential applications in nanoelectronics, nanoplasmonics, and nano-optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zeng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Shu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huikang Liang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Dedong Ba
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzu Feng
- Science and Technology on Material Performance Evaluating in Space Environment Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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13
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Luo S, Mancini A, Berté R, Hoff BH, Maier SA, de Mello JC. Massively Parallel Arrays of Size-Controlled Metallic Nanogaps with Gap-Widths Down to the Sub-3-nm Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100491. [PMID: 33939199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanogaps (MNGs) are fundamental components of nanoscale photonic and electronic devices. However, the lack of reproducible, high-yield fabrication methods with nanometric control over the gap-size has hindered practical applications. A patterning technique based on molecular self-assembly and physical peeling is reported here that allows the gap-width to be tuned from more than 30 nm to less than 3 nm. The ability of the technique to define sub-3-nm gaps between dissimilar metals permits the easy fabrication of molecular rectifiers, in which conductive molecules bridge metals with differing work functions. A method is further described for fabricating massively parallel nanogap arrays containing hundreds of millions of ring-shaped nanogaps, in which nanometric size control is maintained over large patterning areas of up to a square centimeter. The arrays exhibit strong plasmonic resonances under visible light illumination and act as high-performance substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with high enhancement factors of up to 3 × 108 relative to thin gold films. The methods described here extend the range of metallic nanostructures that can be fabricated over large areas, and are likely to find many applications in molecular electronics, plasmonics, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Berté
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Bård H Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John C de Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Peng L, Chen K, Chen D, Chen J, Tang J, Xiang S, Chen W, Liu P, Zheng F, Shi J. Study on the enhancing water collection efficiency of cactus- and beetle-like biomimetic structure using UV-induced controllable diffusion method and 3D printing technology. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14769-14776. [PMID: 35424002 PMCID: PMC8697806 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting water from fog flow has emerged as a promising strategy for the relief of water shortage problems. Herein, using a UV-induced (ultraviolet light induced) controllable diffusion method combined with technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing, we fabricate biomimetic materials incorporating beetle-like hydrophobic-hydrophilic character and cactus-like cone arrays with various structure parameters, and then systematically study their fog-harvesting performance. The UV-induced controllable diffusion method can break away from the photomask to regulate the hybrid wettability. Moreover, employing 3D printing technology can flexibly control the structure parameters to improve the water collection efficiency. It is found that the water collection rate (WCR) can be optimized by controlling the hybrid wettability of the sample surface and cone distance and using substrates with printed holes, which lead to a 109% increase of WCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Peng
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Keqiu Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Deyi Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jingzhi Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jie Tang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Shijie Xiang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Weijiang Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Pengyi Liu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feipeng Zheng
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jifu Shi
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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15
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Li P, Chen S, Dai H, Yang Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Peng W, Shan W, Duan H. Recent advances in focused ion beam nanofabrication for nanostructures and devices: fundamentals and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1529-1565. [PMID: 33432962 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed growing research interest in developing powerful nanofabrication technologies for three-dimensional (3D) structures and devices to achieve nano-scale and nano-precision manufacturing. Among the various fabrication techniques, focused ion beam (FIB) nanofabrication has been established as a well-suited and promising technique in nearly all fields of nanotechnology for the fabrication of 3D nanostructures and devices because of increasing demands from industry and research. In this article, a series of FIB nanofabrication factors related to the fabrication of 3D nanostructures and devices, including mechanisms, instruments, processes, and typical applications of FIB nanofabrication, are systematically summarized and analyzed in detail. Additionally, current challenges and future development trends of FIB nanofabrication in this field are also given. This work intends to provide guidance for practitioners, researchers, or engineers who wish to learn more about the FIB nanofabrication technology that is driving the revolution in 3D nanostructures and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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16
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Manipulation and Applications of Hotspots in Nanostructured Surfaces and Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091667. [PMID: 32858806 PMCID: PMC7557400 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanostructured surfaces and thin films has potential applications in the field of plasmonics, including plasmon sensors, plasmon-enhanced molecular spectroscopy (PEMS), plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs), and so on. In this article, we review various nanostructured surfaces and thin films obtained by the combination of nanosphere lithography (NSL) and physical vapor deposition. Plasmonic nanostructured surfaces and thin films can be fabricated by controlling the deposition process, etching time, transfer, fabrication routes, and their combination steps, which manipulate the formation, distribution, and evolution of hotspots. Based on these hotspots, PEMS and PMCRs can be achieved. This is especially significant for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and controlling the growth locations of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanostructured surfaces and thin films, which is expected to enhance the optical and sensing performance.
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17
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Zhang S, Zhu X, Xiao W, Shi H, Wang Y, Chen Z, Chen Y, Sun K, Muskens OL, De Groot CH, Liu SD, Duan H. Strongly coupled evenly divided disks: a new compact and tunable platform for plasmonic Fano resonances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:325202. [PMID: 32340011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8d68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic artificial molecules are promising platforms for linear and nonlinear optical modulation at various regimes including the visible, infrared and terahertz bands. Fano resonances in plasmonic artificial structures are widely used for controlling spectral lineshapes and tailoring of near-field and far-field optical response. Generation of a strong Fano resonance usually relies on strong plasmon coupling in densely packed plasmonic structures. Challenges in reproducible fabrication using conventional lithography significantly hinders the exploration of novel plasmonic nanostructures for strong Fano resonance. In this work, we propose a new class of plasmonic molecules with symmetric structure for Fano resonances, named evenly divided disk, which shows a strong Fano resonance due to the interference between a subradiant anti-bonding mode and a superradiant bonding mode. We successfully fabricated evenly divided disk structures with high reproducibility and with sub-20 nm gaps, using our recently developed sketch and peel lithography technique. The experimental spectra agree well with the calculated response, indicating the robustness of the Fano resonance for the evenly divided disk geometry. Control experiments reveal that the strength of the Fano resonance gradually increases when increasing the number of split parts on the disk from three to eight individual segments. The Fano-resonant plasmonic molecules that can also be reliably defined by our unique fabrication approach open up new avenues for application and provide insight into the design of artificial molecules for controlling light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan university, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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18
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Kuruoğlu F, Çalışkan M, Serin M, Erol A. Well-ordered nanoparticle arrays for floating gate memory applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:215203. [PMID: 31986505 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A non-volatile floating gate memory device containing well-ordered Au nanoparticles (NPs) is fabricated as a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structure. With superior control on the size, shape and position of nanoparticles, the presented nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) device possesses almost perfect precision of device geometry. The well-ordered Au NPs embedded within the memory device exhibit large memory window at low operation voltages (8.8V @ ± 15V), fast operation time (<10-4 s) and good retention (up to 107 s). In this work, the structural properties of the NFGM device are correlated with the examined electrical properties. The current results are compared with the other studies in the literature to emphasis the advantages of the precise ordering and geometry of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Kuruoğlu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Tan YS, Liu H, Ruan Q, Wang H, Yang JKW. Plasma-assisted filling electron beam lithography for high throughput patterning of large area closed polygon nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10584-10591. [PMID: 32373857 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron-beam lithography is widely applied in nanofabrication due to its high resolution. However, it suffers from low throughput due to its patterning process. All the pixels within a pattern's boundary are needed to be scanned for patterning, which is inefficient for a large area closed polygon structure. Introducing an additional step to perform the polygon-filling function for patterning will significantly improve the fabrication throughput. In this work, we introduce a practical polygon-filling process for electron beam lithography, termed plasma-assisted filling electron beam lithography (PFEBL), that makes use of post-exposure plasma treatment on the resist which only crosslinks the top surface of the resist. Using this technique, we only need to expose the outline of the patterns during the writing process and could still obtain the full structure after post-exposure plasma treatment and development. We show that the lithography patterning efficiency could be enhanced 50 times and above while sub-10 nm resolution patterning with a sharp boundary feature size can still be obtained. The plasma exposure mechanism and development mechanism were discussed for the characteristics of the resist that enables this filling process. Our approach allows large area closed polygon structures to be patterned with high patterning efficiency, which could find uses in various applications in nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sin Tan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
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20
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Feng H, Dong J, Wu X, Yang F, Ma L, Liu X, Liu Q. Ultra-large local field enhancement effect of isolated thick triangular silver nanoplates on a silicon substrate in the green waveband. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2099-2102. [PMID: 32236078 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The local field enhancement in plasmonic nanostructures is vital for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, it remains a challenge to achieve a large local field enhancement at an illumination wavelength in the green waveband. Here we report on an ultra-large local field enhancement effect of isolated thick triangular silver nanoplates (ITTSNPs) on a silicon substrate at an illumination wavelength in the green waveband. We show that when the thickness of the ITTSNP is larger than a critical thickness depending on the illumination wavelength, a large local field enhancement with an enhancement factor (EF) greater than 350 can be achieved at an illumination wavelength in the green waveband, which is due to the excitation of strong localized surface plasmon polaritons only at three top apexes of the ITTSNP. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that at an excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm, the average SERS EF of the ITTSNPs can exceed ${{10}^{11}}$1011, and the sensitivity for the detection of Rhodamine 6 G molecules can reach ${{10}^{ - 12}}\;{\rm M}$10-12M.
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21
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Zhu X, Zhang S, Shi H, Zheng M, Wang Y, Xue S, Quan J, Zhang J, Duan H. Huge field enhancement and high transmittance enabled by terahertz bow-tie aperture arrays: a simulation study. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5851-5859. [PMID: 32121799 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sub-wavelength aperture arrays featuring small gaps have an extraordinary significance in enhancing the interactions of terahertz (THz) waves with matters. But it is difficult to obtain large light-substance interaction enhancement and high optical response signal detection capabilities at the same time. Here, we propose a simple terahertz bow-tie aperture arrays structure with a large electric field enhancement factor and high transmittance at the same time. The field enhancement factor can reach a high value of 1.9×104 and the transmission coefficient of around 0.8 (the corresponding normalized-to-area transmittance is about 14.3) at 0.04 µm feature gap simultaneously. The systematic simulation results show that the designed structure can enhance the intensity of electromagnetic hotspot by continuously reducing the feature gap size without affecting the intensity of the transmittance. We also visually displayed the significant advantages of extremely strong electromagnetic hot spots in local terahertz refractive index detection, which provides a potential platform and simple strategy for enhanced THz spectral detection.
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22
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Dong Z, Wang T, Chi X, Ho J, Tserkezis C, Yap SLK, Rusydi A, Tjiptoharsono F, Thian D, Mortensen NA, Yang JKW. Ultraviolet Interband Plasmonics With Si Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8040-8048. [PMID: 31560545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although Si acts as an electrical semiconductor, it has properties of an optical dielectric. Here, we revisit the behavior of Si as a plasmonic metal. This behavior was previously shown to arise from strong interband transitions that lead to negative permittivity of Si across the ultraviolet spectral range. However, few have studied the plasmonic characteristics of Si, particularly in its nanostructures. In this paper, we report localized plasmon resonances of Si nanostructures and the observation of plasmon hybridization in the UV (∼250 nm wavelength). In addition, simulation results show that Si nanodisk dimers can achieve a local intensity enhancement greater than ∼500-fold in a 1 nm gap. Lastly, we investigate hybrid Si-Al nanostructures to achieve sharp resonances in the UV, due to the coupling between plasmon resonances supported by Si and Al nanostructures. These results will have potential applications in the UV range, such as nanostructured devices for spectral filtering, plasmon-enhanced Si photodetectors, interrogation of molecular chirality, and catalysis. It could have significant impact on UV photolithography on patterned Si structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiao Chi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) , National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link , 117603 , Singapore
| | - Jinfa Ho
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
| | - Christos Tserkezis
- Center for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Sherry Lee Koon Yap
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
| | - Andrivo Rusydi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS) , National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link , 117603 , Singapore
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 , Singapore
| | - Febiana Tjiptoharsono
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
| | - Dickson Thian
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
| | - N Asger Mortensen
- Center for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis , 138634 Singapore
- Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road , 487372 , Singapore
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23
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Le-The H, Tiggelaar RM, Berenschot E, van den Berg A, Tas N, Eijkel JCT. Postdeposition UV-Ozone Treatment: An Enabling Technique to Enhance the Direct Adhesion of Gold Thin Films to Oxidized Silicon. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6782-6789. [PMID: 31189059 PMCID: PMC6595434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We found that continuous films of gold (Au) on oxidized silicon (SiO2) substrates, upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-ozone, exhibit strong adhesion to the SiO2 support. Importantly, the enhancement is independent of micro- or nanostructuring of such nanometer-thick films. Deposition of a second Au layer on top of the pretreated Au layer makes the adhesion stable for at least 5 months in environmental air. Using this treatment method enables us to large-scale fabricate various SiO2-supported Au structures at various thicknesses with dimensions spanning from a few hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, without the use of additional adhesion layers. We explain the observed adhesion improvement as polarization-induced increased strength of Auδ-Siδ+ bonds at the Au-SiO2 interface due to the formation of a gold oxide monolayer on the Au surface by the UV-ozone treatment. Our simple and enabling method thus provides opportunities for patterning Au micro/nanostructures on SiO2 substrates without an intermediate metallic adhesion layer, which is critical for biosensing and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab
Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of
Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Berenschot
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Tas
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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24
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Xiong C, Li H, Xu H, Zhao M, Zhang B, Liu C, Wu K. Coupling effects in single-mode and multimode resonator-coupled system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17718-17728. [PMID: 31252728 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed a simple metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide system side-coupled with single-mode and multimode resonators. This proposed structure can achieve a typical dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect in the transmission spectra. The two PIT peaks exhibit opposite evolution tendencies with the increase in the depth of stubs. A multimode-coupled mode theory (M-CMT), confirmed by simulated results, is originally introduced to investigate the coupling effects of the proposed structure. Compared to the previous reported multichannel filters, the proposed structure includes obvious advantages, such as structural simplicity and ease of fabrication. In addition, the sensing characteristics of the proposed structure based on PIT effects are discussed numerically. The results demonstrate that the proposed structure is suitable for applications in multichannel filters, optical switches, and sensors.
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25
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Abstract
The great barrier of optical diffraction significantly limits the resolution of photolithography and the manipulation of nano-objects by light. Here, through utilizing near-field enhancement and photothermal effects, we demonstrate the nanolithography of polystyrene (PS) films and self-jetting of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which happen simultaneously. This nanojet lithography creates subwavelength holes via the single step of laser irradiation. We find that the laser power input strongly affects the etching of PS films, as well as the movement of Au NPs, which is a synergic effect of photoablation (including both photothermal and photochemical aspects) and gas pushing. This facile approach not only generates polymer holes with sizes below the diffraction limit, but also provides an intriguing way to detach and move particles on surfaces via thermal jetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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26
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Zheng M, Chen Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Liu Q, Bi K, Shu Z, Zhang Y, Duan H. Kirigami-inspired multiscale patterning of metallic structures via predefined nanotrench templates. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:54. [PMID: 31814993 PMCID: PMC6885514 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Reliable fabrication of multiscale metallic patterns with precise geometry and size at both the nanoscale and macroscale is of importance for various applications in electronic and optical devices. The existing fabrication processes, which usually involve film deposition in combination with electron-beam patterning, are either time-consuming or offer limited precision. Inspired by the kirigami, an ancient handicraft art of paper cutting, this work demonstrates an electron-beam patterning process for multiscale metallic structures with significantly enhanced efficiency and precision. Similar to the kirigami, in which the final pattern is defined by cutting its contour in a paper and then removing the unwanted parts, we define the target multiscale structures by first creating nanotrench contours in a metallic film via an electron-beam-based process and then selectively peeling the separated film outside the contours. Compared with the conventional approach, which requires the exposure of the whole pattern, much less exposure area is needed for nanotrench contours, thus enabling reduced exposure time and enhanced geometric precision due to the mitigated proximity effect. A theoretical model based on interface mechanics allows a clear understanding of the nanotrench-assisted selective debonding behaviour in the peeling process. By using this fabrication process, multiscale metallic structures with sub-10-nm up to submillimetre features can be reliably achieved, having potential applications for anti-counterfeiting and gap-plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasi Wang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaixi Bi
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Shu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huigao Duan
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Lao Z, Pan D, Yuan H, Ni J, Ji S, Zhu W, Hu Y, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Mechanical-Tunable Capillary-Force-Driven Self-Assembled Hierarchical Structures on Soft Substrate. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10142-10150. [PMID: 30295470 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Capillary-force-driven self-assembly (CFSA) has been combined with many top-down fabrication methods to be alternatives to conventional single micro/nano manufacturing techniques for constructing complicated micro/nanostructures. However, most CFSA structures are fabricated on a rigid substrate, and little attention is paid to the tuning of CFSA, which means that the pattern of structures cannot be regulated once they are manufactured. Here, by combining femtosecond laser direct writing with CFSA, a flexible method is proposed to fabricate self-assembled hierarchical structures on a soft substrate. Then, the tuning of the self-assembly process is realized with a mechanical-stretching strategy. With this method, different patterns of tunable self-assembled structures are obtained before tuning and after release, which is difficult to achieve with other techniques. In addition, as a proof-of-concept application, this mechanical tunable self-assembly of microstructures on a soft substrate is used for smart displays and versatile micro-object trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Lao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Deng Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Shengyun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Wulin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
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Zhang J, Zhu L, Yang Y, Yong H, Zhang J, Peng Y, Fu J. A Coulomb explosion strategy to tailor the nano-architecture of α-MoO 3 nanobelts and an insight into its intrinsic mechanism. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8285-8291. [PMID: 29687135 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the nanoarchitecture of materials is significant for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. To date, one of the most powerful strategies is convergent electron beam irradiation (EBI). However, only two main functions of knock-on or atomic displacement have been achieved to date. In this study, a Coulomb explosion phenomenon was found to occur in α-MoO3 nanobelts (NBs) under electron beam irradiation, which was controllable and could be used to efficiently create nanostructures such as holes, gaps, and other atomic/nanometer patterns on a single α-MoO3 NB. Theoretical simulations starting from the charging state, charging rate to the threshold time of Coulomb explosion reveal that the Coulomb explosion phenomenon should result from positive charging. The results also show that the multiple charged regions are quickly fragmented, and the monolayered α-MoO3 pieces can then be peeled off once the Coulombic repulsion is sufficient to break the Mo-O bonds in the crystalline structure. It is believed that this efficient and versatile strategy may open up a new avenue to tailor α-MoO3 NBs or other kind of transition metal dichalcogenides via the Coulomb explosion effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Abstract
Tip-based nanofabrication (TBN) is a family of emerging nanofabrication techniques that use a nanometer scale tip to fabricate nanostructures. In this review, we first introduce the history of the TBN and the technology development. We then briefly review various TBN techniques that use different physical or chemical mechanisms to fabricate features and discuss some of the state-of-the-art techniques. Subsequently, we focus on those TBN methods that have demonstrated potential to scale up the manufacturing throughput. Finally, we discuss several research directions that are essential for making TBN a scalable nano-manufacturing technology.
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31
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Zhang S, Huang J, Chen Z, Lai Y. Bioinspired Special Wettability Surfaces: From Fundamental Research to Water Harvesting Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602992. [PMID: 27935211 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the pollution of water has become worse in many parts of the world, which causes a severe shortage of clean water and attracts widespread attention worldwide. Bioinspired from nature, i.e. spider silk, cactus, Namib desert beetle, Nepenthes alata, special wettability surfaces have attracted great interest from fundamental research to water-harvesting applications. Here, recently published literature about creatures possessing water-harvesting ability are reviewed, with a focus on the corresponding water-harvesting mechanisms of creatures in dry or arid regions, consisting of the theory of wetting and transporting. Then a detailed account of the innovative fabrication technologies and bionic water-harvesting materials with special wetting are summarized, i.e. bio-inspired artificial spider silk, bio-inspired artificial cactus-like structures, and bio-inspired artificial Namib desert beetle-like surfaces. Special attentions are paid to the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies, as well as factors that affect the amount of water-harvesting. Finally, conclusions, future outlooks and the current challenges for future development of the water-harvesting technology are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuekun Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Li GC, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu SD, Lei DY, Duan H. Pronounced Fano Resonance in Single Gold Split Nanodisks with 15 nm Split Gaps for Intensive Second Harmonic Generation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11105-11114. [PMID: 28024358 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single metallic nanostructures supporting strong Fano resonances allow more compact nanophotonics integration and easier geometrical control in practical applications such as enhanced spectroscopy and sensing. In this work, we designed a class of plasmonic split nanodisks that show pronounced Fano resonance comparable to that observed in widely studied plasmonic oligomer clusters. Using our recently developed "sketch and peel" electron-beam lithography, split nanodisks with varied diameter and split length were fabricated over a large area with high uniformity. Transmission spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the fabricated structures with 15 nm split gap exhibit disk diameter and split length controlled Fano resonances in the near-infrared region, showing excellent agreement with simulation results. Together with the plasmon hybridization theory, in-depth full-wave analyses elucidated that the Fano resonances observed in the split nanodisks were induced by mode interference between the bright antibonding dipole mode of split disks and the subradiant mode supported by the narrow split gap. With the giant near-field enhancement enabled by the intensive Fano resonance at the tiny split gap, strong wavelength-dependent second harmonic generation was observed under near-infrared excitation. Our work demonstrated that single split nanodisks could serve as important building blocks for plasmonic and nanophotonic applications including sensing and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Can Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong 999077, China
| | | | | | - Shao-Ding Liu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong 999077, China
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Chen Y, Bi K, Wang Q, Zheng M, Liu Q, Han Y, Yang J, Chang S, Zhang G, Duan H. Rapid Focused Ion Beam Milling Based Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Assemblies via "Sketch and Peel" Strategy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11228-11236. [PMID: 28024375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Focused ion beam (FIB) milling is a versatile maskless and resistless patterning technique and has been widely used for the fabrication of inverse plasmonic structures such as nanoholes and nanoslits for various applications. However, due to its subtractive milling nature, it is an impractical method to fabricate isolated plasmonic nanoparticles and assemblies which are more commonly adopted in applications. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an approach to reliably and rapidly define plasmonic nanoparticles and their assemblies using FIB milling via a simple "sketch and peel" strategy. Systematic experimental investigations and mechanism studies reveal that the high reliability of this fabrication approach is enabled by a conformally formed sidewall coating due to the ion-milling-induced redeposition. Particularly, we demonstrated that this strategy is also applicable to the state-of-the-art helium ion beam milling technology, with which high-fidelity plasmonic dimers with tiny gaps could be directly and rapidly prototyped. Because the proposed approach enables rapid and reliable patterning of arbitrary plasmonic nanostructures that are not feasible to fabricate via conventional FIB milling process, our work provides the FIB milling technology an additional nanopatterning capability and thus could greatly increase its popularity for utilization in fundamental research and device prototyping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaixi Bi
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Yunxin Han
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Yang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Chang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
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34
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Xiang Q, Chen Y, Li Z, Bi K, Zhang G, Duan H. An anti-ultrasonic-stripping effect in confined micro/nanoscale cavities and its applications for efficient multiscale metallic patterning. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19541-19550. [PMID: 27878197 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to reliably and efficiently fabricate high-fidelity metallic structures from a ten-nanometer to a millimeter scale based on an anti-ultrasonic-stripping (AUS) effect in confined micro/nanoscale cavities. With this AUS effect, metallic structures, which are surrounded by the pre-patterned closed templates, could be defined through selectively removing the evaporated metallic layer at the top and outside of the templates by ultrasonic-cavitation-induced stripping. Because only pre-patterned templates are required for exposure in this multiscale patterning process, this AUS-based process enables much smaller and more reliable plasmonic nanogaps due to the mitigated proximity effect and allows rapid fabrication of multiscale metallic structures which require both tiny and large structures. With unprecedented efficiency and resolution down to a ten-nanometer scale, various metallic structures were fabricated using this AUS-effect-based multiscale patterning process. This AUS effect paves the way for direct writing of metallic structures with a high resolution over a large area for practical applications in plasmonics and nanogap-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhiqin Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kaixi Bi
- School of Physics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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