1
|
Wu H, Wu X, Rovelli L, Lorke A. Dynamics of Microcystis surface scum formation under different wind conditions: the role of hydrodynamic processes at the air-water interface. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1370874. [PMID: 38529057 PMCID: PMC10961403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1370874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to climate change, Microcystis blooms occur at increasing frequencies in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Wind-generated turbulence is a crucial environmental stressor that can vertically disperse the Microcystis surface scum, reducing its light availability. Yet, the interactions of Microcystis scum with the wind-generated hydrodynamic processes, particularly those at the air-water interface, remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the response of Microcystis (including colony size and migration dynamics) to varying magnitudes and durations of intermittent wind disturbances in a mesocosm system. The flow velocities, size of Microcystis colonies, and the areal coverage of the water surface by scum were measured through video observations. Our results demonstrate that low wind speeds increase colony size by providing a stable condition where Microcystis forms a scum layer and aggregates into large colonies at the air-water interface. In contrast, wind disturbances disperse scum and generate turbulence, resulting in smaller colonies with higher magnitudes of wind disturbance. We observed that surface scum can form rapidly following a long period (6 h) of high-magnitude (4.5 m s-1) wind disturbance. Furthermore, our results indicate reduced water surface tension caused by the presence of Microcystis, which can decrease surface flow velocity and counteract wind-driven mixing. The reduced surface tension may also drive lateral convection at the water surface. These findings suggest that Microcystis reduces surface tension, likely by releasing surface-active materials, as an adaptive response to various wind conditions. This could result in an increased rate of surface scum re-formation under wind conditions and potentially facilitate the lateral expansion of scum patches during weak wind periods. This study reveals new insights into how Microcystis copes with different wind conditions and highlights the importance of the air-water interface for Microcystis scum dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Wu
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau, Germany
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lorenzo Rovelli
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau, Germany
- Now at the Department of Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology - BfG, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamranikia K, Dominici S, Keller M, Kube N, Mougin K, Spangenberg A. Very High-Aspect-Ratio Polymeric Micropillars Made by Two-Photon Polymerization. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1602. [PMID: 37630138 PMCID: PMC10456646 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micropillars with a high-aspect-ratio (HAR) are of interest for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery and the micro-electro-mechanical field. While molding is the most common method for fabricating HAR microstructures, it is affected by challenges related to demolding the final structure. In this study, we present very HAR micropillars using two-photon polymerization (TPP), an established technique for creating complex 3D microstructures. Polymeric micropillars with HARs fabricated by TPP often shrink and collapse during the development process. This is due to the lack of mechanical stability of micropillars against capillary forces primarily acting during the fabrication process when the solvent evaporates. Here, we report different parameters that have been optimized to overcome the capillary force. These include surface modification of the substrate, fabrication parameters such as laser power, exposure time, the pitch distance between the pillars, and the length of the pillars. On account of adopting these techniques, we were able to fabricate micropillars with a very HAR up to 80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keynaz Kamranikia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (K.K.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (N.K.); (K.M.)
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Dominici
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (K.K.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (N.K.); (K.M.)
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Keller
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (K.K.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (N.K.); (K.M.)
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Niklas Kube
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (K.K.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (N.K.); (K.M.)
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Mougin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (K.K.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (N.K.); (K.M.)
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (K.K.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (N.K.); (K.M.)
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Liu M, Wang Y, Liu X, Hou S, Li L, Fan Y. Graphene Hollow Micropatterns via Capillarity-Driven Assembly for Drug Storage and Neural Cell Alignment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:37775-37783. [PMID: 37467111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrical conductivity, cell-guided surface topology, and drug storage capacity of biomaterials are attractive properties for the repair and regeneration of anisotropic tissues with electrical sensitivity, such as nerves. However, designing and fabricating implantable biomaterials with all these functions remain challenging. Herein, we developed a freestanding graphene substrate with micropatterned surfaces by a simple templating method. Importantly, the raised surface micropatterns had an internal hollow structure. The morphology results showed that the template microgroove width and the graphene nanosheet size were important indicators of the formation of the hollow structures. Through real-time monitoring and theoretical analysis of the formation process, it was found that the main formation mechanism was the delamination and interlayer movement of the graphene nanosheets triggered by the evaporation-induced capillary force. Finally, we achieved the controlled release of loaded microparticles and promoted the orientation of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by applying an electric field to the hollow micropatterns. This capillarity-induced self-assembly strategy paves the way for the development of high-performance graphene micropatterned films with a hollow structure that have potential for clinical application in the repair of nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Payam AF. Modeling and Analysis of the Capillary Force for Interactions of Different Tip/Substrate in AFM Based on the Energy Method. ACS Meas Sci Au 2023; 3:194-199. [PMID: 37360037 PMCID: PMC10288610 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple and robust model to describe the wet adhesion of the AFM tip and substrate joined by a liquid bridge. The effects of contact angles, wetting circle radius, the volume of a liquid bridge, the gap between the AFM tip and substrate, environmental humidity, and tip geometry on the capillary force are studied. To model capillary forces, while a circular approximation for the meniscus of the bridge is assumed, the combination of the capillary adhesion due to the pressure difference across the free surface and the vertical component of the surface tension forces acting tangentially to the interface along the contact line is utilized. Finally, the validity of the proposed theoretical model is verified using numerical analysis and available experimental measurements. The results of this study can provide a basis to model the hydrophobic and hydrophilic tip/surfaces and study their effect on adhesion force between the AFM tip and the substrate.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jang IN, Ahn YS. The Study of Copper Powder Sintering for Porous Wick Structures with High Capillary Force. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4231. [PMID: 37374412 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The porosity, permeability, and capillary force of porous sintered copper were examined in relation to the effects of copper powder size, pore-forming agent, and sintering conditions. Cu powder with particle sizes of 100 and 200 μm was mixed with pore-forming agents ranging from 15 to 45 weight percent, and the mixture was sintered in a vacuum tube furnace. Copper powder necks were formed at sintering temperatures higher than 900 °C. The porosity, as determined by the Archimedes measurement method, and the permeability performance of the sintered body displayed higher values when the Cu powder size was uniform or small. To investigate the capillary force of the sintered foam, a test was conducted using a raised meniscus test device. As more forming agent was added, the capillary force increased. It was also higher when the Cu powder size was larger and the size of the powders was not uniform. The result was discussed in relation to porosity and pore size distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Im-Nam Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Son HJ, Kim HJ, Jeong S, Ahn Y, Yang H, Park M. Interfacial Capillary Spooling of Conductive Polyurethane-Silver Core-Sheath (PU@Ag) Microfibers for Highly Stretchable Interconnects. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:22574-22579. [PMID: 37104725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Conductive fibers are core materials in textile electronics for the sustainable operation of devices under mechanical stimuli. Conventional polymer-metal core-sheath fibers were employed as stretchable electrical interconnects. However, their electrical conductivity is severely degraded by the rupture of metal sheaths at low strains. Because the core-sheath fibers are not intrinsically stretchable, designing a stretchable architecture of interconnects based on the fibers is essential. Herein, we introduce nonvolatile droplet-conductive microfiber arrays as stretchable interconnects by employing interfacial capillary spooling, motivated by the reversible spooling of capture threads in a spider web. Polyurethane (PU)-Ag core-sheath (PU@Ag) fibers were prepared by wet-spinning and thermal evaporation. When the fiber was placed on a silicone droplet, a capillary force was generated at their interface. The highly soft PU@Ag fibers were fully spooled within the droplet and reversibly uncoiled when a tensile force was applied. Without mechanical failures of the Ag sheaths, an excellent conductivity of 3.9 × 104 S cm-1 was retained at a strain of 1200% for 1000 spooling-uncoiling cycles. A light-emitting diode connected to a multiarray of droplet-PU@Ag fibers exhibited stable operation during spooling-uncoiling cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Son
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seongsik Jeong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Yooseong Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Minwoo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng T, Guo B, Xu Z, Mo F, Chen X, Wang L, Ding Y, Bai J. Manageable Bubble Release Through 3D Printed Microcapillary for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207495. [PMID: 36825680 PMCID: PMC10161030 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Porous metal foams (e.g., Ni/Cu/Ti) are applied as catalyst supports extensively for water splitting due to their large specific area and excellent conductivity, however, intrinsic bubble congestion is unavoidable because of the irregular three-dimensional (3D) networks, resulting in high polarization and degraded electrocatalytic performances. To boost the H2 O decomposition kinetics, the immediate bubble removal and water supply sequential in the gas-liquid-solid interface is essential. Inspired by the high efficiency of water/nutrient transport in the capillaries plants, this work designs a graphene-based capillary array with side holes as catalyst support to manage the bubble release and water supply via a Z-axis controllable digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. Like planting rice, a low-cost, high-active CoNi carbonate hydroxide (CoNiCH) is planted on support. A homemade cell can reach 10 mA cm-2 in 1.51 V, and be kept at 30 mA cm-2 for 60 h without noticeable degradation, surpassing most of the known cells. This research provides a promising avenue to design and prepare advanced catalysts in various fields, including energy applications, pollutant treatment, and chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbiao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyao Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Funian Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoteng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yihong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang C, Fan Z, Fan M, Xu Z, Gao J. A Predictive Model of Capillary Forces and Contact Diameters between Two Plates Based on Artificial Neural Network. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:754. [PMID: 37420987 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have been devoted to the forecasting of the capillary force generated by capillary adsorption between solids, which is fundamental and essential in the fields of micro-object manipulation and particle wetting. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA-ANN) was proposed to predict the capillary force and contact diameter of the liquid bridge between two plates. The mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) were employed to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the GA-ANN model, theoretical solution method of the Young-Laplace equation and simulation approach based on the minimum energy method. The results showed that the values of MSE of capillary force and contact diameter using GA-ANN were 10.3 and 0.0001, respectively. The values of R2 were 0.9989 and 0.9977 for capillary force and contact diameter in regression analysis, respectively, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed predictive model. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of input parameters, including liquid volume and separation distance, on the capillary force and contact diameter. The liquid volume and separation distance played dominant roles in affecting the capillary force and contact diameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zenghua Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Ming Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oliva M, Kaganer V, Pudelski M, Meister S, Tahraoui A, Geelhaar L, Brandt O, Auzelle T. A route for the top-down fabrication of ordered ultrathin GaN nanowires. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:205301. [PMID: 36745915 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a facile route for the top-down fabrication of ordered arrays of GaN nanowires with aspect ratios exceeding 10 and diameters below 20 nm. Highly uniform thin GaN nanowires are first obtained by lithographic patterning a bilayer Ni/SiNxhard mask, followed by a combination of dry and wet etching in KOH. The SiNxis found to work as an etch stop during wet etching, which eases reproducibility. Arrays with nanowire diameters down to (33 ± 5) nm can be achieved with a uniformity suitable for photonic applications. Next, a scheme for digital etching is demonstrated to further reduce the nanowire diameter down to 5 nm. However, nanowire breaking or bundling is observed for diameters below ≈20 nm, an effect that is associated to capillary forces acting on the nanowires during sample drying in air. Explicit calculations of the nanowire buckling states under capillary forces indicate that nanowire breaking is favored by the incomplete wetting of water on the substrate surface during drying. The observation of intense nanowire photoluminescence at room-temperature indicates good compatibility of the fabrication route with optoelectronic applications. The process can be principally applied to any GaN/SiNxnanostructures and allows regrowth after removal of the SiNxmask.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Oliva
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Kaganer
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Pudelski
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Meister
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Tahraoui
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Geelhaar
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Brandt
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Auzelle
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grohn P, Heinrich S, Antonyuk S. Numerical Investigation of the Particle Dynamics in a Rotorgranulator Depending on the Properties of the Coating Liquid. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020469. [PMID: 36839791 PMCID: PMC9963257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, the coating of particles is a widely used technique to obtain desired surface modifications of the final product, e.g., controlled release of the active agents. The production of round, coated particles is particularly important, which is why fluidized bed rotor granulators (FBRG) are often used for this process. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled with the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to investigate the wet particle dynamics, depending on the properties of the coating liquid in a FBRG. The DEM contact model was extended by liquid bridge model to account for capillary and viscous forces during wet contact of particles. The influence of the relative contact velocity on the maximum length of the liquid bridge is also considered in the model. Five different cases were compared, in which the particles were initially wetted, and the liquid loading as well as the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid were changed. The results show that increasing viscosity leads to a denser particle bed and a significant decrease in particle rotational velocities and particle motion in the poloidal plane of the FBRG. Reducing the liquid loading and surface tension results in increased particle movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grohn
- Institute of Particle Process Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 44, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergiy Antonyuk
- Institute of Particle Process Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 44, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han J, Niroui F, Lang JH, Bulović V. Scalable Self-Limiting Dielectrophoretic Trapping for Site-Selective Assembly of Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8258-8265. [PMID: 36252238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a versatile, scalable, and defect-free bottom-up assembly of nanoparticles with high precision has been a longstanding roadblock facing the large-scale integration of diverse nanoparticle-based devices. To circumvent this roadblock, we present a self-limiting dielectrophoretic approach to precisely align nanoparticles onto an array of electrodes over a large area, assisted by lithographically defined capacitors in series with the electrodes. We have experimentally verified that the on-chip capacitor can reduce the probability of trapping multiple particles at a given site, as the electric field is greatly weakened after the first nanoparticle bridges the electrodes. A 70% yield of single-nanowire assembly has been achieved, and key factors limiting the current yield are discussed. The yield is expected to further increase by improving the nanoparticle-electrode contact and reducing the capillary force during the drying process. We also demonstrate the versatility of this approach for scalable and site-selective alignment of various nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchi Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Farnaz Niroui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Lang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Y, Huang M, He C, Wang K, Nhung NTH, Lu S, Dodbiba G, Otsuki A, Fujita T. The Influence of Air Nanobubbles on Controlling the Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Crystals. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15217437. [PMID: 36363030 PMCID: PMC9655898 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous approaches have been developed to control the crystalline and morphology of calcium carbonate. In this paper, nanobubbles were studied as a novel aid for the structure transition from vaterite to calcite. The vaterite particles turned into calcite (100%) in deionized water containing nanobubbles generated by high-speed shearing after 4 h, in comparison to a mixture of vaterite (33.6%) and calcite (66.3%) by the reaction in the deionized water in the absence of nanobubbles. The nanobubbles can coagulate with calcite based on the potential energy calculated and confirmed by the extended DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory. According to the nanobubble bridging capillary force, nanobubbles were identified as the binder in strengthening the coagulation between calcite and vaterite and accelerated the transformation from vaterite to calcite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kaituo Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Siming Lu
- Zhengzhou Non-Ferrous Metals Research Institute Ltd. of CHALCO, Zhengzhou 450041, China
| | - Gjergj Dodbiba
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Otsuki
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago 7941169, Chile
- Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology, SE 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Toyohisa Fujita
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chafaï A, Ibrahimi A, Lambert P. A Volume-Tuning Capillary Gripper That Enhances Handling Capabilities and Enables Testing of Micro-Components. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1323. [PMID: 36014245 PMCID: PMC9412535 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Capillary forces are shown to be extremely effective for micro-assembly and pick-and-place processes, especially for their ability to self-align the handled objects. However, in today's machines, micro-objects are submitted to high loads, such as compressions for the electrical testing of the micro-components, or inertial forces coming from the high accelerations of the machines. There, capillary grippers may show some limits. These issues, as well as the difficulty to perform precise visual inspections (due to the tilt of the handled micro-object that can occur after a perturbation, such as the displacement of the gripper), can all be solved by temporarily removing the liquid meniscus. Therefore, we present a novel volume-tuning capillary gripper that provides a solution to these limitations without adding additional significant complexities or changes to the existing pick-and-place machines. A multi-scale prototype was dimensioned and produced by using fast prototyping methods, such as a femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching process for fused silica. Models bringing a deeper understanding of the subsystems are presented. The proof of concept was extensively tested. Its picking capabilities and enhancements of the handling capabilities during horizontal motions, as well as the repeatability of the tuning of the volume of liquid, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Chafaï
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes (TIPs) Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 165/67, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amin Ibrahimi
- Department of Mechical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Bd. de la Paine 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lambert
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes (TIPs) Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 165/67, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ito T, Fukuchi E, Tanaka K, Nishiyama Y, Watanabe N, Fuchiwaki O. Vision Feedback Control for the Automation of the Pick-and-Place of a Capillary Force Gripper. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1270. [PMID: 36014192 PMCID: PMC9413825 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a newly developed vision feedback method for improving the placement accuracy and success rate of a single nozzle capillary force gripper. The capillary force gripper was developed for the pick-and-place of mm-sized objects. The gripper picks up an object by contacting the top surface of the object with a droplet formed on its nozzle and places the object by contacting the bottom surface of the object with a droplet previously applied to the place surface. To improve the placement accuracy, we developed a vision feedback system combined with two cameras. First, a side camera was installed to capture images of the object and nozzle from the side. Second, from the captured images, the contour of the pre-applied droplet for placement and the contour of the object picked up by the nozzle were detected. Lastly, from the detected contours, the distance between the top surface of the droplet for object release and the bottom surface of the object was measured to determine the appropriate amount of nozzle descent. Through the experiments, we verified that the size matching effect worked reasonably well; the average placement error minimizes when the size of the cross-section of the objects is closer to that of the nozzle. We attributed this result to the self-alignment effect. We also confirmed that we could control the attitude of the object when we matched the shape of the nozzle to that of the sample. These results support the feasibility of the developed vision feedback system, which uses the capillary force gripper for heterogeneous and complex-shaped micro-objects in flexible electronics, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), soft robotics, soft matter, and biomedical fields.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hao J, Ding J, Rutledge GC. Shape-Stable Composites of Electrospun Nonwoven Mats and Shear-Thickening Fluids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:8373-8383. [PMID: 35104099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To improve the flexibility of the fabric stacks used in protective clothing, shear-thickening fluids (STFs) have previously been incorporated into woven microfiber fabrics to enhance their impact resistance. However, the microfiber-STF composites can exhibit loss of the STF from the composite over time due to the large interstitial spaces between fibers, resulting in limited long-term shape stability. In this study, nonwoven mats of electrospun ultrafine fibers (UFFs) were used in place of woven microfiber fabrics to improve the STF retention within the fiber-STF composites by taking advantage of high specific surface area, small pore size, and large capillary force. The UFF-STF composite, comprising an electrospun polyamide (PA 6,6) UFF mat and a fumed silica (FS) STF, exhibited excellent shape stability with high breakthrough pressure and improved STF retention compared to composites based on conventional microfiber fabrics. The mechanical response of the composite is shown to depend on the rate of deformation. At strain rates lower than the shear-thickening threshold of the STF, the introduction of STF resulted in no stiffening or strengthening of fiber mats, allowing the composite to remain flexible. At high deformation rates above the onset of shear thickening, the incorporation of STF improved both the elasticity and the viscosity of the material. In addition, the shape stability and the mechanical properties of the composite were influenced by the STF viscosity and the UFF morphology. STF with high particle loading and UFF with small fiber diameter resulted in a more pronounced enhancement to membrane performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jie Ding
- Land Division, Defense Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Gregory C Rutledge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anand U, Ghosh T, Aabdin Z, Koneti S, Xu X, Holsteyns F, Mirsaidov U. Dynamics of thin precursor film in wetting of nanopatterned surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108074118. [PMID: 34535552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108074118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spreading of a liquid droplet on flat surfaces is a well-understood phenomenon, but little is known about how liquids spread on a rough surface. When the surface roughness is of the nanoscopic length scale, the capillary forces dominate and the liquid droplet spreads by wetting the nanoscale textures that act as capillaries. Here, using a combination of advanced nanofabrication and liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, we image the wetting of a surface patterned with a dense array of nanopillars of varying heights. Our real-time, high-speed observations reveal that water wets the surface in two stages: 1) an ultrathin precursor water film forms on the surface, and then 2) the capillary action by nanopillars pulls the water, increasing the overall thickness of water film. These direct nanoscale observations capture the previously elusive precursor film, which is a critical intermediate step in wetting of rough surfaces.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang H, Yang H, Woon R, Lu Y, Diao Y, D'Arcy JM. Microtubular PEDOT-Coated Bricks for Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:34671-34678. [PMID: 34101409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting is a promising technology for alleviating global water scarcity. Current water sorption materials efficiently capture water vapor from ubiquitous air; however, they are difficult to scale up due to high costs, complex device engineering, and intensive energy consumption. Fired red brick, a low-cost masonry construction material, holds the potential for developing large-scale functional architectures. Here, we utilize fired red brick for atmospheric water harvesting by integrating a microtubular coating of the conducting polymer PEDOT within its inorganic microstructure. This microtubular polymer coating affords hygroscopicity and high surface area for water nucleation, enables capillary forces to promote water transport, and enhances the water harvesting efficiency. Our brick composite achieves a maximum water vapor uptake of ∼200 wt % versus polymer mass at 95% relative humidity, decreasing to ∼15 wt % at 40% relative humidity. Facile water release is demonstrated via thermal, electrical, and illuminative heating. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of masonry construction materials for large-scale atmospheric water harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Haoru Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Reagan Woon
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Material Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yifan Diao
- Institute of Material Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Julio M D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Material Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nie L, Ng WK, Liang Z, Ren X, Yang T, Mei G, Leung CW, Wong KS, Choy WCH. Upside-Down Molding Approach for Geometrical Parameter-Tunable Photonic Perovskite Nanostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:27313-27322. [PMID: 34100286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering that the periodic photonic nanostructures are commonly realized by expensive nanofabrication processes and the tunability of structure parameters is limited and complicated, we demonstrate a solution-processed upside-down molding method to fabricate photonic resonators on perovskites with a pattern geometry controllable to a certain extent. This upside-down approach not only reveals the effect of capillary force during the imprinting but also can control the waveguide layer thickness due to the inversion of the perovskite membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lebin Nie
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Wai Kit Ng
- Department of Physics and and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Way Bay, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - ZhiFu Liang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tingbin Yang
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanding Mei
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics and and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Way Bay, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Komarov SV, Yamamoto T, Arai H. Incorporation of Powder Particles into an Impeller-Stirred Liquid Bath through Vortex Formation. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2710. [PMID: 34063966 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses the incorporation of fine particles into liquids via the creation of a large-scale swirling vortex on the liquid free surface using a rotary impeller positioned along the axis of a cylindrical vessel. Four types of particles are used in the experiments to investigate the incorporation efficiency of the particles into a water bath under different impeller rotation speeds. Additionally, the vortex characteristics are investigated numerically. The results reveal that two factors, namely the particle wettability and turbulent oscillations at the bottom part of vortex surface, play dominant roles in determining the particle incorporation behavior. Hydrophobic particles are incapable of being incorporated into the water bath under any of the conditions examined in the present study. Partly wettable particles are entrained into the water bath, with the efficiency increasing with the impeller rotation speed and particle size. This is because an increase in the impeller rotation speed causes vortex deformation, whereby its bottom part approaches the impeller blades where the turbulent surface oscillations reach maximum amplitudes. Another possible mechanism of particle incorporation is the effect of capillary increases of liquid into the spaces between particles, which accumulate on the bottom surface of the vortex.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Y, Wei Y, Liu M, Bai Y, Wang X, Shang S, Du C, Gao W, Chen J, Liu Y. Face-to-Face Growth of Wafer-Scale 2D Semiconducting MOF Films on Dielectric Substrates. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007741. [PMID: 33599039 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of large-area 2D conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) films remains highly desirable but challenging. Here, inspired by the capillary phenomenon, a face-to-face confinement growth method to grow conductive 2D Cu2 (TCPP) (TCPP = meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) MOF films on dielectric substrates is developed. Trace amounts of solutions containing low-concentration Cu2+ and TCPP are pumped cyclically into a micropore interface to produce this growth. The crystal structures are confirmed with various characterization techniques, which include high-resolution atomic force microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The Cu2 (TCPP) MOF film exhibit an electrical conductivity of ≈0.007 S cm-1 , which is approximately four orders of magnitude higher than other carboxylic-acid-based MOF materials (10-6 S cm-1 ). Other wafer-scale conductive MOF films such as M3 (HHTP)2 (M = Cu, Co, and Ni; HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylenehexol) can be produced utilizing this strategy and suggests this method has widescale applicability potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youxing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengcong Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Pan M, Yuan J, Liu G, Zhu L. Capillary Action-Inspired Nanoengineering of Spheres-on-Sphere Microspheres with Hollow Core and Hierarchical Shell. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:14669-14678. [PMID: 33739827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current syntheses of spheres-on-sphere (SOS) microsphere, which possesses both hollow cavity and hierarchical structure, mainly rely on complicated routes and template removal. In this study, a one pot nanoengineering strategy inspired by the automatic transport behavior of water in plants is successfully developed to fabricate SOS microsphere in tandem with a traditional soft template method in the preparation of hollow structure. Amphiphilic siloxane oligomers generated in situ from methyltriethoxylsilane (MTES) under acidic conditions are anchored on the surface of soft template St monomer droplets, sequentially completing hydrolysis-polycondensation and forming a mesoporous polysilsesquioxane (PSQ) shell. Then, the St monomers located in cavity migrate outward under the combined action of capillary force stemming from mesoporous and osmotic pressure generating from inside-outside of the PSQ shell and polymerize on the outside of the hollow PSQ shell, in which residual siloxane oligomers further anchor on the polystyrene (PS) surface to reduce the surface energy of the system, finally resulting in the successful formation of SOS particles. To reduce thermal insulation coefficient of the material, the PS phase in SOS particles is removed to obtain the particles with multiscale hollow structure (SOS-MH), which have more hollow cavities to encapsulate more air. The presence of a much hollow structure in SOS-MH particles enables the thermal conductivity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/SOS-MH composite fibrous membranes (0.0307 W m-1 K-1) to decrease by about 40% compared to that of pure PAN fibrous films (0.0520 W m-1 K-1) at the same thickness of 1 mm, and the material also has moisture resistance due to the existence of a hierarchical shell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Mingwang Pan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fan Z, Liu Z, Huang C, Zhang W, Lv Z, Wang L. Capillary Forces between Concave Gripper and Spherical Particle for Micro-Objects Gripping. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12030285. [PMID: 33800478 PMCID: PMC8001796 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The capillary action between two solid surfaces has drawn significant attention in micro-objects manipulation. The axisymmetric capillary bridges and capillary forces between a spherical concave gripper and a spherical particle are investigated in the present study. A numerical procedure based on a shooting method, which consists of double iterative loops, was employed to obtain the capillary bridge profile and bring the capillary force subject to a constant volume condition. Capillary bridge rupture was characterized using the parameters of the neck radius, pressure difference, half-filling angle, and capillary force. The effects of various parameters, such as the contact angle of the spherical concave gripper, the radius ratio, and the liquid bridge volume on the dimensionless capillary force, are discussed. The results show that the radius ratio has a significant influence on the dimensionless capillary force for the dimensionless liquid bridge volumes of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 when the radius ratio value is smaller than 10. The effectiveness of the theorical approach was verified using simulation model and experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (Z.L.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zixiao Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (Z.L.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Congcong Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (Z.L.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (Z.L.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhe Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (Z.L.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jeon J, Tan ATL, Lee J, Park JE, Won S, Kim S, Bedewy M, Go J, Kim JK, Hart AJ, Wie JJ. High-Speed Production of Crystalline Semiconducting Polymer Line Arrays by Meniscus Oscillation Self-Assembly. ACS Nano 2020; 14:17254-17261. [PMID: 33232120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative self-assembly of semiconducting polymers is a low-cost route to fabricating micrometer and nanoscale features for use in organic and flexible electronic devices. However, in most cases, rate is limited by the kinetics of solvent evaporation, and it is challenging to achieve uniformity over length- and time-scales that are compelling for manufacturing scale-up. In this study, we report high-throughput, continuous printing of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) by a modified doctor blading technique with oscillatory meniscus motion-meniscus-oscillated self-assembly (MOSA), which forms P3HT features ∼100 times faster than previously reported techniques. The meniscus is pinned to a roller, and the oscillatory meniscus motion of the roller generates repetitive cycles of contact-line formation and subsequent slip. The printed P3HT lines demonstrate reproducible and tailorable structures: nanometer scale thickness, micrometer scale width, submillimeter pattern intervals, and millimeter-to-centimeter scale coverage with highly defined boundaries. The line width as well as interval of P3HT patterns can be independently controlled by varying the polymer concentration levels and the rotation rate of the roller. Furthermore, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals that this dynamic meniscus control technique dramatically enhances the crystallinity of P3HT. The MOSA process can potentially be applied to other geometries, and to a wide range of solution-based precursors, and therefore will develop for practical applications in printed electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin T L Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mostafa Bedewy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jamison Go
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hou Y, Ren X, Fan J, Wang G, Dai Z, Jin C, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhang Z. Preparation of Twisted Bilayer Graphene via the Wetting Transfer Method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:40958-40967. [PMID: 32805838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembling monolayers into a bilayer system unlocks the rotational free degree of van der Waals (vdW) homo/heterostructure, enabling the building of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) which possesses novel electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Previous methods for preparation of homo/heterstructures inevitably leave the polymer residue or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) mask, which usually obstructs the measurement of intrinsic mechanical and surface properties of tBLG. Undoubtedly, to fabricate the designable tBLG with clean interface and surface is necessary but challenging. Here, we propose a simple and handy method to prepare atomically clean twisted bilayer graphene with controllable twist angles based on wetting-induced delamination. This method can transfer tBLG onto a patterned substrate, which offers an excellent platform for the observation of physical phenomena such as relaxation of moiré pattern in marginally tBLG. These findings and insight should ultimately guide the designable packaging and atomic characterization of the two-dimensional (2D) materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xibiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingcun Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Guorui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yinbo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Enriching and locating target analytes into specific "hot spots" are vital for ultrasensitive molecular identification and detection using plasmonic-based techniques. Inspired by mass transportation in lamp wicks, we develop an effective enrichment strategy for highly diluted analytes in which analytes and Au nanoparticles are transported via a solution microflow under the capillarity driving force of glass fiber papers to a heated region. After evaporation, a large volume of a solution containing analytes and Au nanoparticles is condensed into a very limited area, and thus, analyte molecules are effectively enriched and located into surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots. Using this enrichment strategy, the sensitivity and detection limits of SERS are remarkably improved. Detection levels of crystal violet and anthracene are down to 10-16 and 10-10 M, respectively. This enrichment strategy is very robust and easy to implement, and it can potentially be exploited in various plasmonic-based molecular detection and identification techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hongjun You
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jixiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nguyen NN, Berger R, Butt HJ. Premelting-Induced Agglomeration of Hydrates: Theoretical Analysis and Modeling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14599-14606. [PMID: 32125147 PMCID: PMC7343245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the long-standing problem of hydrate plugging in oil and gas pipelines has driven an intense quest for mechanisms behind the plug formation. However, existing theories of hydrate agglomeration have critical shortcomings, for example, they cannot describe nanometer-range capillary forces at hydrate surfaces that were recently observed by experiments. Here, we present a new model for hydrate agglomeration which includes premelting of hydrate surfaces. We treat the premelting layer on hydrate surfaces such as a thin liquid film on a substrate and propose a soft-sphere model of hydrate interactions. The new model describes the premelting-induced capillary force between a hydrate surface and a pipe wall or another hydrate. The calculated adhesive force between a hydrate sphere (R = 300 μm) and a solid surface varies from 0.3 mN on a hydrophilic surface (contact angle, θ = 0°) to 0.008 mN on a superhydrophobic surface (θ = 160°). The initial contact area is 4 orders of magnitude smaller than the cross-sectional area of the hydrate sphere and can expand with increasing contact time because of the consolidation of hydrate particles on the solid surface. Our model agrees with the available experimental results and can serve as a conceptual guidance for developing a chemical-free environmentally friendly method for prevention of hydrate plugs via surface coating of pipe surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc N. Nguyen
- Physics
at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University
of Science and Technology, Dai Co Viet 1, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Physics
at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Physics
at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shu J, Lu Y, Wang E, Li X, Tang SY, Zhao S, Zhou X, Sun L, Li W, Zhang S. Particle-Based Porous Materials for the Rapid and Spontaneous Diffusion of Liquid Metals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:11163-11170. [PMID: 32037788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-based room-temperature liquid metals have enormous potential for realizing various applications in electronic devices, heat flow management, and soft actuators. Filling narrow spaces with a liquid metal is of great importance in rapid prototyping and circuit printing. However, it is relatively difficult to stretch or spread liquid metals into desired patterns because of their large surface tension. Here, we propose a method to fabricate a particle-based porous material which can enable the rapid and spontaneous diffusion of liquid metals within the material under a capillary force. Remarkably, such a method can allow liquid metal to diffuse along complex structures and even overcome the effect of gravity despite their large densities. We further demonstrate that the developed method can be utilized for prototyping complex three-dimensional (3D) structures via direct casting and connecting individual parts or by 3D printing. As such, we believe that the presented technique holds great promise for the development of additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and soft electronics using liquid metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yangming Lu
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215000, China
| | - Erlong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Sizepeng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lining Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215000, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Nature has created photonic structures in cells and assembled them to make photonic layers for a living. Inspired from nature, we design amphiphilic photonic tiles and assemble them at air-water interface to compose highly reconfigurable photonic layers. The photonic tiles are prepared by photolithographically defining the shape of the disc using a photocurable dispersion of repulsive particles. The tiles are further treated by directional dry etching to selectively render top and side surfaces of the discs hydrophobic. The amphiphilic photonic tiles deform the air-water interface by gravity, which causes a strong attractive force driven by capillarity. Therefore, the tiles form two-dimensional (2D) dense-packing, which rapidly adapts dynamic fluctuation and shape change of the interface, providing highly reconfigurable photonic layers. In addition, the assembly can be transferred into target solid surfaces through the Langmuir-Blodgett method to make photonic coatings. Moreover, the amphiphilic tiles can be assembled on the surface of water drops, forming a photonic shell on liquid marbles which resembles photonic structures in nature. We believe that our strategy based on a 2D tile assembly at the free interface will provide a simple yet useful means to create photonic layers on various purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tadrist L, Motte L, Rahli O, Tadrist L. Characterization of interface properties of fluids by evaporation of a capillary bridge. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191608. [PMID: 31903214 PMCID: PMC6936275 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties between two non-miscible fluids are key elements to understand mass transfer, chemistry and bio-chemistry at interfaces. In this paper, surface properties are investigated in evaporating and non-evaporating conditions. A capillary bridge between two large plates (similar to a Hele-Shaw cell) is considered. The temporal evolution of surface forces and mass transfers due to evaporation of the liquid are measured. The force depends on surface properties of the substrate. It is adhesive in the wetting case and repulsive in the non-wetting case. The force is also shown to depend linearly on the volume of the capillary bridge F ∝ V 0 and inversely to the height of the bridge. Modelling is performed to characterize both surface force and evaporation properties of the capillary bridge. The evaporation is shown to be diffusion driven and is decoupled from the bridge mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Tadrist
- Microfluidics Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liege, Allée de la découverte 9, Liège 4000Belgium
- Author for correspondence: Loïc Tadrist e-mail:
| | - L. Motte
- CNRS, Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques et Industriels UMR 7343, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13453France
| | - O. Rahli
- CNRS, Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques et Industriels UMR 7343, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13453France
| | - Lourès Tadrist
- CNRS, Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques et Industriels UMR 7343, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13453France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Superrepellency is a favorable nonwetting scenario featuring a dramatic reduction of the solid/liquid contact area. The robustness of superhydrophobicity plays a central role in self-cleaning and anti-icing. Drop impacts happen ubiquitously in natural environments and often cause a notable extension of the solid/liquid contact area. This is associated with an enhanced affinity between water and the microtextures and therefore leads to irreversible breakdowns in the superhydrophobicity. This problem remains a major challenge and limits the practical applications of superrepellent materials. In order to find a solution, in this paper, a repeated Cassie-Wenzel-Cassie wetting state transition is studied at the microscale when a drop impacts a two-tier superhydrophobic surface. In this case, the surface is completely dry without any liquid residue after the drop rebounds. The present results exhibit a striking contrast to the conventional perspective. The influence of geometrical parameters of the textured surface on the spreading and retracting behaviors of the impact drops is quantified, as well as the time-dependence scaling laws. From a practical point of view, it is demonstrated that the self-cleaning and dropwise condensation may significantly benefit from this repeated wetting transition. Dirt particles or small droplets in deep textures are able to be taken away so that the functionality and the robustness of the superhydrophobicity may be significantly strengthened. The results reported in this study facilitate the design of functional superrepellent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Cunjing Lv
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chang B, Liu H, Ras RHA, Zhou Q. Capillary Transport of Miniature Soft Ribbons. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E684. [PMID: 31614506 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of soft miniature devices is important in the construction of soft robots, wearable devices, and biomedical devices. However, transport of soft miniature devices is still a challenging task, and few studies has been conducted on the subject. This paper reports a droplet-based micromanipulation method for transporting miniature soft ribbons. We show that soft ribbons can be successfully picked up and released to the target location using water droplets. We analyze the forces involved during the process numerically and investigate the influence of the width of the ribbon on the deformation. We verify that the deformation of a soft ribbon caused by elasto-capillary phenomena can be calculated using a well-known equation for calculating the deflection of a cantilever beam. The experimental and theoretical results show that the deformability of a soft miniature device during manipulation depends on its width.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang C, Adler PH, Monaenkova D, Andrukh T, Pometto S, Beard CE, Kornev KG. Self-assembly of the butterfly proboscis: the role of capillary forces. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0229. [PMID: 30045890 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The proboscis of butterflies and moths consists of two C-shaped fibres, the galeae, which are united after the insect emerges from the pupa. We observed that proboscis self-assembly is facilitated by discharge of saliva. In contrast with vertebrate saliva, butterfly saliva is not slimy and is an almost inviscid, water-like fluid. Butterfly saliva, therefore, cannot offer any viscoelastic adhesiveness. We hypothesized that capillary forces are responsible for helping butterflies and moths pull and hold their galeae together while uniting them mechanically. Theoretical analysis supported by X-ray micro-computed tomography on columnar liquid bridges suggests that both concave and convex liquid bridges are able to pull the galeae together. Theoretical and experimental analyses of capillary forces acting on natural and artificial proboscises show that these forces are sufficiently high to hold the galeae together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Daria Monaenkova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Taras Andrukh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Suellen Pometto
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Charles E Beard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Konstantin G Kornev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee J, You EA, Hwang DW, Kang S, Wi JS. Active Accumulation of Spherical Analytes on Plasmonic Hot Spots of Double-Bent Au Strip Arrays by Multiple Dip-Coating. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9050660. [PMID: 31027370 PMCID: PMC6567194 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To achieve sensitive plasmonic biosensors, it is essential to develop an efficient method for concentrating analytes in hot spots, as well as to develop plasmonic nanostructures for concentrating light. In this study, target analytes were delivered to the surface of double-bent Au strip arrays by a multiple dip-coating method; they were self-aligned in the valleys between neighboring Au strips by capillary forces. As the valleys not only accommodate target analytes but also host strong electromagnetic fields due to the interaction between adjacent strips, sensitive measurement of target analytes was possible by monitoring changes in the wavelength of a localized surface plasmon resonance. Using the proposed plasmonic sensor and target delivery method, the adsorption and saturation of polystyrene beads 100 nm in size on the sensor surface were monitored by the shift of the resonance wavelength. In addition, the pH-dependent stability of exosomes accumulated on the sensor surface was successfully monitored by changing the pH from 7.4 to 4.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ah You
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Shinill Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jung-Sub Wi
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thomas LK, Reichling M. Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:804-810. [PMID: 31019867 PMCID: PMC6466726 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present strong experimental evidence for the moiré origin of superlattices on graphite by imaging a live transition from one superlattice to another with concurrent and direct measurement of the orientation angle before and after rotation using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This has been possible due to a fortuitous observation of a superlattice on a nanometer-sized graphene flake wherein we have induced a further rotation of the flake utilizing the capillary forces at play at a solid-liquid interface using STM tip motion. We propose a more "realistic" tip-surface meniscus relevant to STM at solid-liquid interfaces and show that the capillary force is sufficient to account for the total expenditure of energy involved in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loji K Thomas
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Physics, S. B College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, 686101, India
| | - Michael Reichling
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang J, Gao J, Zhang H, He W, Zhang J, Daniel D, Yao X. Directional pumping of water and oil microdroplets on slippery surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2482-7. [PMID: 30692246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817172116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transporting water and oil microdroplets is important for applications ranging from water harvesting to biomedical analysis but remains a great challenge. This is due to the amplified contact angle hysteresis and insufficient driving force in the micrometer scale, especially for low-surface energy oil droplets. Coalescence of neighboring droplets, which releases vast additional surface energy, was often required, but its relatively uncontrollable nature brings uncertainties to the droplet motion, and the methodology is not applicable to single droplets. Here we introduce a strategy based on slippery surface with immobilized lubricant menisci to directionally transport microdroplets. By simply mounting hydrogel dots on slippery surface, the raised menisci remotely pump microdroplets via capillary force with high efficiency, regardless of droplet size or surface energy. By proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate that our method allows for highly efficient water droplet collection and highly sensitive biomedical analyte detection.
Collapse
|
36
|
Carapezzi S, Cavallini A. The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:2094-2102. [PMID: 31728257 PMCID: PMC6839548 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mechanisms of self-assembly/self-organization are fundamental for the emergence of nanoarchitectonic systems composed by elemental units, and it is important to build a theoretical framework for them. Additionally, because the enhanced functionalities of these systems are related to their spatial morphologies, it is necessary to quantify the self-organized design through suited statistical analysis tools. Results: We have investigated the self-assembly bundling process of nanowires fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE). First, we have applied theoretical models in order to obtain a quantitative estimation of the driving forces leading to self-assembly. Then, we have studied the surfaces of the nanoarchitectures by means of multifractal analysis. We have found that these systems are not simple monofractals, but that the more complex paradigm of multifractality (different fractal dimensions across different scales) has to be applied to describe their morphology. Conclusion: The multifractal analysis approach has proven its ability to discriminate among different MACE nanoarchitectures. Additionally, it has demonstrated its capacity to measure the degree of homogeneity of these surfaces. Finally, a correlation between the growth conditions and the capacity dimension of the nanowires was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carapezzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- DEI-ARCES, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40125, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Cavallini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lao Z, Pan D, Yuan H, Ni J, Ji S, Zhu W, Hu Y, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Mechanical-Tunable Capillary-Force-Driven Self-Assembled Hierarchical Structures on Soft Substrate. ACS Nano 2018; 12:10142-10150. [PMID: 30295470 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Capillary-force-driven self-assembly (CFSA) has been combined with many top-down fabrication methods to be alternatives to conventional single micro/nano manufacturing techniques for constructing complicated micro/nanostructures. However, most CFSA structures are fabricated on a rigid substrate, and little attention is paid to the tuning of CFSA, which means that the pattern of structures cannot be regulated once they are manufactured. Here, by combining femtosecond laser direct writing with CFSA, a flexible method is proposed to fabricate self-assembled hierarchical structures on a soft substrate. Then, the tuning of the self-assembly process is realized with a mechanical-stretching strategy. With this method, different patterns of tunable self-assembled structures are obtained before tuning and after release, which is difficult to achieve with other techniques. In addition, as a proof-of-concept application, this mechanical tunable self-assembly of microstructures on a soft substrate is used for smart displays and versatile micro-object trapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Lao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Deng Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Shengyun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Wulin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim JH, Park JW. Novel Patterning Method for Nanomaterials and Its Application to Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:9704-9717. [PMID: 29473412 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple, low-cost, and scalable method to form various patterns of nanomaterials with different dimensions and shapes using capillary and centrifugal forces. The desired patterns were formed on the surfaces of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps, and the PDMS stamps were conformally contacted with the surfaces of flexible polymer substrates. Solutions of nanomaterials, such as metal nanowires and nanoparticles, were then drop-casted at one open end of the microchannels formed at the interface of the polymer substrate and PDMS stamp. The nanomaterial solutions penetrated the microchannels due to capillary force interactions between the surfaces and the fluid. The solvents of the nanomaterial solutions exfiltrated from the entrance of microchannels because of the coffee ring effect. Then, the solvent remaining in the microchannels was discharged by applying a centrifugal force by spinning the polymer substrate/PDMS stamp system. Because of the synergistic effect of the capillary force, coffee ring effect, and centrifugal force, uniform patterns of the nanomaterials with clearly defined edges were formed for a variety of pattern shapes and substrates. Furthermore, the direct patterning approach resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of wasted materials. Finally, flexible organic light-emitting diodes were successfully fabricated on the finely patterned nanowire electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bott RA, Baumgartner W, Bräunig P, Menzel F, Joel AC. Adhesion enhancement of cribellate capture threads by epicuticular waxes of the insect prey sheds new light on spider web evolution. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0363. [PMID: 28566485 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive, web-building spiders rely on their capture threads to restrain prey. Many species use special adhesives for this task, and again the majority of those species cover their threads with viscoelastic glue droplets. Cribellate spiders, by contrast, use a wool of nanofibres as adhesive. Previous studies hypothesized that prey is restrained by van der Waals' forces and entrapment in the nanofibres. A large discrepancy when comparing the adhesive force on artificial surfaces versus prey implied that the real mechanism was still elusive. We observed that insect prey's epicuticular waxes infiltrate the wool of nanofibres, probably induced by capillary forces. The fibre-reinforced composite thus formed led to an adhesion between prey and thread eight times stronger than that between thread and wax-free surfaces. Thus, cribellate spiders employ the originally protective coating of their insect prey as a fatal component of their adhesive and the insect promotes its own capture. We suggest an evolutionary arms race with prey changing the properties of their cuticular waxes to escape the cribellate capture threads that eventually favoured spider threads with viscous glue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raya A Bott
- Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen, Germany
| | - Werner Baumgartner
- Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, JKU Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Bräunig
- Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Menzel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna-Christin Joel
- Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
A simple and clean method of transferring two-dimensional (2D) materials plays a critical role in the fabrication of 2D electronics, particularly the heterostructure devices based on the artificial vertical stacking of various 2D crystals. Currently, clean transfer techniques rely on sacrificial layers or bulky crystal flakes (e.g., hexagonal boron nitride) to pick up the 2D materials. Here, we develop a capillary-force-assisted clean-stamp technique that uses a thin layer of evaporative liquid (e.g., water) as an instant glue to increase the adhesion energy between 2D crystals and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the pick-up step. After the liquid evaporates, the adhesion energy decreases, and the 2D crystal can be released. The thin liquid layer is condensed to the PDMS surface from its vapor phase, which ensures the low contamination level on the 2D materials and largely remains their chemical and electrical properties. Using this method, we prepared graphene-based transistors with low charge-neutral concentration (3 × 1010 cm-2) and high carrier mobility (up to 48 820 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature) and heterostructure optoelectronics with high operation speed. Finally, a capillary-force model is developed to explain the experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qiushi Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yongtao Cui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, §Department of Physics, and ∥Material Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Y, Jie J, Sun Y, Jeon SG, Zhang X, Dai G, Lee CJ, Zhang X. Precise Patterning of Organic Single Crystals via Capillary-Assisted Alternating-Electric Field. Small 2017; 13:1604261. [PMID: 28509426 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the extraordinary properties, organic micro/nanocrystals are important building blocks for future low-cost and high-performance organic electronic devices. However, integrated device application of the organic micro/nanocrystals is hampered by the difficulty in high-throughput, high-precision patterning of the micro/nanocrystals. In this study, the authors demonstrate, for the first time, a facile capillary-assisted alternating-electric field method for the large-scale assembling and patterning of both 0D and 1D organic crystals. These crystals can be precisely patterned at the photolithography defined holes/channels at the substrate with the yield up to 95% in 1 mm2 . The mechanism of assembly kinetics is systematically studied by the electric field distribution simulation and experimental investigations. By using the strategy, various organic micro/nanocrystal patterns are obtained by simply altering the geometries of the photoresist patterns on substrates. Moreover, ultraviolet photodetectors based on the patterned Alq3 micro/nanocrystals exhibit visible-blind photoresponse with high sensitivity as well as excellent stability and reproducibility. This work paves the way toward high-integration, high-performance organic electronic, and optoelectronic devices from the organic micro/nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuning Sun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gy Jeon
- Applied Electromagnetic Wave Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Ansan, 426-170, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaole Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Cheol Jin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li M, Carter R, Douglas A, Oakes L, Pint CL. Sulfur Vapor-Infiltrated 3D Carbon Nanotube Foam for Binder-Free High Areal Capacity Lithium-Sulfur Battery Composite Cathodes. ACS Nano 2017; 11:4877-4884. [PMID: 28452494 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a strategy to produce high areal loading and areal capacity sulfur cathodes by using vapor-phase infiltration of low-density carbon nanotube (CNT) foams preformed by solution processing and freeze-drying. Vapor-phase capillary infiltration of sulfur into preformed and binder-free low-density CNT foams leads to a mass loading of ∼79 wt % arising from interior filling and coating of CNTs with sulfur while preserving conductive CNT-CNT junctions that sustain electrical accessibility through the thick foam. Sulfur cathodes are then produced by mechanically compressing these foams into dense composites (ρ > 0.2 g/cm3), revealing specific capacity of 1039 mAh/gS at 0.1 C, high sulfur areal loading of 19.1 mg/cm2, and high areal capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm2. This work highlights a technique broadly adaptable to a diverse group of nanostructured building blocks where preformed low-density materials can be vapor infiltrated with sulfur, mechanically compressed, and exhibit simultaneous high areal and gravimetric storage properties. This provides a route for scalable, low-cost, and high-energy density sulfur cathodes based on conventional solid electrode processing routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and §Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rachel Carter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and §Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Anna Douglas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and §Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Landon Oakes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and §Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and §Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Y, Zhang J, Gao H, Wang Y, Liu Q, Huang S, Guo CF, Ren Z. Capillary-Force-Induced Cold Welding in Silver-Nanowire-Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes. Nano Lett 2017; 17:1090-1096. [PMID: 28094950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) films have been studied as the most promising flexible transparent electrodes for flexible photoelectronics. The wire-wire junction resistance in the AgNW film is a critical parameter to the electrical performance, and several techniques of nanowelding or soldering have been reported to reduce the wire-wire junction resistance. However, these methods require either specific facilities, or additional materials as the "solder", and often have adverse effects to the AgNW film or substrate. In this study, we show that at the nanoscale, capillary force is a powerful driving force that can effectively cause self-limited cold welding of the wire-wire junction for AgNWs. The capillary-force-induced welding can be simply achieved by applying moisture on the AgNW film, without any technical support like the addition of materials or the use of specific facilities. The moisture-treated AgNW films exhibit a significant decrease in sheet resistance, but negligible changes in transparency. We have also demonstrated that this method is effective to heal damaged AgNW films of wearable electronics and can be conveniently performed not only indoors but also outdoors where technical support is often unavailable. The capillary-force-based method may also be useful in the welding of other metal NWs, the fabrication of nanostructures, and smart assemblies for versatile flexible optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science & Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science & Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science & Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qingxian Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science & Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Siya Huang
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science & Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A Janus porous sphere with a coral-like microstructure is prepared by stepwise dealloying a metallic alloy sphere and sequential modification (for example, using silanes and polymers). Nanoscale coral-like microstructure of the internal skeleton gives remarkable capillary force, thus accelerating the mass transportation. Starting from the outer layer of the sphere, stepwise dealloying can achieve different layers inwardly, thus introducing different composition and performance. As an example, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-PNIPAM)- and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(N,N-diethylamino-2-ethylmethacrylate) (PEG-PDEAEMA)-responsive Janus porous spheres can quickly capture oil by simply changing temperature or pH. Similarly, release is also triggered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bingyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun Y, Sai H, Spoth KA, Tan KW, Werner-Zwanziger U, Zwanziger J, Gruner SM, Kourkoutis LF, Wiesner U. Stimuli-Responsive Shapeshifting Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2016; 16:651-655. [PMID: 26669906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials have attracted great interest in catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery applications and are typically constituted by soft components. We present a one-pot synthetic method for a type of inorganic silica-based shape change material that is responsive to water vapor exposure. After the wetting treatment, the cross-sectional shape of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with hexagonal pore lattice changed from hexagonal to six-angle-star, accompanied by the loss of periodic mesostructural order. Nitrogen sorption measurements suggested that the wetting treatment induced a shrinkage of mesopores resulting in a broad size distribution and decreased mesopore volume. Solid-state (29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of samples after wetting treatment displayed a higher degree of silica condensation, indicating that the shape change was associated with the formation of more siloxane bonds within the silica matrix. On the basis of material characterization results, a mechanism for the observed anisotropic shrinkage is suggested based on a buckling deformation induced by capillary forces in the presence of a threshold amount of water vapor available beyond a humidity of about 50%. The work presented here may open a path toward novel stimuli-responsive materials based on inorganic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Josef Zwanziger
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sol M Gruner
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baek S, Kang G, Shin D, Bae K, Kim YH, Kim K. Improvement of Light Extraction Efficiency in Flip-Chip Light Emitting Diodes on SiC Substrate via Transparent Haze Films with Morphology-Controlled Collapsed Alumina Nanorods. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:135-41. [PMID: 26690377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate GaN-based flip-chip light emitting diodes (FC-LEDs) on SiC substrate achieving high extraction efficiency by simply attaching the optically transparent haze films consisting of collapsed alumina nanorods. Through controlled etching time of alumina nanorods, we obtain four types of films that have different morphologies with different optical transmittance and haze properties. We show that the light output power of the FC-LEDs with film, which has 95.6% transmittance and 62.7% haze, increases by 20.4% in comparison to the bare LEDs. The angular radiation pattern of the LEDs also follows the Lambertian emission pattern without deteriorating the electrical properties of the device. The improvement of light extraction is mainly attributed to the reduced total internal reflection (TIR) via efficient out-coupling of guided light from SiC substrate to air by collapsed alumina nanorod structures in the film. The high transparency of film and reduced Fresnel reflection via graded refractive index transition between the film and SiC substrate also contribute to the extraction enhancement of the device. We systematically investigate the influence of haze film's geometrical or optical properties on the extraction efficiency of FC-LEDs, and this study will provide a novel approach to enhance the performance of various optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwa Baek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Gumin Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Dongheok Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- LED Convergence Research Center, LED R&D Division, Korea Photonics Technology Institute , 9, Chumdan venture-ro, 108 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, South Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lao Z, Hu Y, Zhang C, Yang L, Li J, Chu J, Wu D. Capillary Force Driven Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Hierarchical Structures Prepared by Femtosecond Laser 3D Printing and Their Applications in Crystallizing Microparticles. ACS Nano 2015; 9:12060-9. [PMID: 26506428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchical structures are the derivation of various functionalities in the natural world and have inspired broad practical applications in chemical systhesis and biological manipulation. However, traditional top-down fabrication approaches suffered from low complexity. We propose a laser printing capillary-assisted self-assembly (LPCS) strategy for fabricating regular periodic structures. Microscale pillars are first produced by the localized femtosecond laser polymerization and are subsequently self-assembled into periodic hierarchical architectures with the assistance of controlled capillary force. Moreover, based on anisotropic assemblies of micropillars, the LPCS method is further developed for the preparation of more complicated and advanced functional microstructures. Pillars cross section, height, and spatial arrangement can be tuned to guide capillary force, and diverse assemblies with different configurations are thus achieved. Finally, we developed a strategy for growing micro/nanoparticles in designed spatial locations through solution-evaporation self-assembly induced by morphology. Due to the high flexibility of LPCS method, the special arrangements, sizes, and distribution density of the micro/nanoparticles can be controlled readily. Our method will be employed not only to fabricate anisotropic hierarchical structures but also to design and manufacture organic/inorganic microparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Lao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chenchu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nahavandi A, Korayem MH. Analyzing the Effect of Capillary Force on Vibrational Performance of the Cantilever of an Atomic Force Microscope in Tapping Mode with Double Piezoelectric Layers in an Air Environment. Microsc Microanal 2015; 21:1195-1206. [PMID: 26324257 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615014889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of forces exerted on the cantilever probe tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). These forces vary according to the separation distance between the probe tip and the surface of the sample being examined. Hence, at a distance away from the surface (farther than d(on)), these forces have an attractive nature and are of Van der Waals type, and when the probe tip is situated in the range of a₀≤ d(ts) ≤ d(on), the capillary force is added to the Van der Waals force. At a distance of d(ts) ≤ a₀, the Van der Waals and capillary forces remain constant at intermolecular distances, and the contact repulsive force repels the probe tip from the surface of sample. The capillary force emerges due to the contact of thin water films with a thickness of h(c) which have accumulated on the sample and probe. Under environmental conditions a layer of water or hydrocarbon often forms between the probe tip and sample. The capillary meniscus can grow until the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation. For each of the above forces, different models are presented. The smoothness or roughness of the surfaces and the geometry of the cantilever tip have a significant effect on the modeling of forces applied on the probe tip. Van der Waals and the repulsive forces are considered to be the same in all the simulations, and only the capillary force is altered in order to evaluate the role of this force in the AFM-based modeling. Therefore, in view of the remarkable advantages of the piezoelectric microcantilever and also the extensive applications of the tapping mode, we investigate vibrational motion of the piezoelectric microcantilever in the tapping mode. The cantilever mentioned is entirely covered by two piezoelectric layers that carry out both the actuation of the probe tip and the measuringof its position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nahavandi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University,1477893855 Tehran,Iran
| | - Moharam Habibnejad Korayem
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University,1477893855 Tehran,Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu Y, Lao Z, Cumming BP, Wu D, Li J, Liang H, Chu J, Huang W, Gu M. Laser printing hierarchical structures with the aid of controlled capillary-driven self-assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6876-81. [PMID: 26038541 PMCID: PMC4460519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503861112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary force is often regarded as detrimental because it may cause undesired distortion or even destruction to micro/nanostructures during a fabrication process, and thus many efforts have been made to eliminate its negative effects. From a different perspective, capillary force can be artfully used to construct specific complex architectures. Here, we propose a laser printing capillary-assisted self-assembly strategy for fabricating regular periodic structures. Microscale pillars are first produced by localized femtosecond laser polymerization and are subsequently assembled into periodic hierarchical architectures with the assistance of controlled capillary forces in an evaporating liquid. Spatial arrangements, pillar heights, and evaporation processes are readily tuned to achieve designable ordered assemblies with various geometries. Reversibility of the assembly is also revealed by breaking the balance between the intermolecular force and the elastic standing force. We further demonstrate the functionality of the hierarchical structures as a nontrivial tool for the selective trapping and releasing of microparticles, opening up a potential for the development of in situ transportation systems for microobjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Hu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Zhaoxin Lao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Benjamin P Cumming
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haiyi Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, and Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China;
| | - Wenhao Huang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Min Gu
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang H, Deng M, Ga S, Chen S, Kang L, Wang J, Xin W, Zhang T, You Z, An Y, Wang J, Cui D. Capillary-driven surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic chip for abrin detection. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:138. [PMID: 24655483 PMCID: PMC3994323 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we firstly demonstrate the design and the proof-of-concept use of a capillary-driven surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic chip for abrin detection. The micropillar array substrate was etched and coated with a gold film by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process to integrate into a lateral flow test strip. The detection of abrin solutions of various concentrations was performed by the as-prepared microfluidic chip. It was shown that the correlation between the abrin concentration and SERS signal was found to be linear within the range of 0.1 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL. Our microfluidic chip design enhanced the operability of SERS-based immunodiagnostic techniques, significantly reducing the complication and cost of preparation as compared to previous SERS-based works. Meanwhile, this design proved the superiority to conventional lateral flow test strips in respect of both sensitivity and quantitation and showed great potential in the diagnosis and treatment for abrin poisoning as well as on-site screening of abrin-spiked materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Deng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Ga
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhui Chen
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zherong You
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan An
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|