1
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Shen Z, Huang J, Xie Y, Wei D, Chen J, Shi Z. Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal Anodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301777. [PMID: 38294273 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) represent the most promising next-generation high-energy density batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the lithium metal anode plays a crucial role in regulating lithium deposition and improving the cycling performance of LMBs. In this review, we comprehensively present the formation process of the SEI film, while elucidating the key properties such as electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical performance. Furthermore, various approaches for constructing the SEI film are discussed from both electrolyte regulation and artificial coating design perspectives. Lastly, future research directions along with development recommendations are also provided. This review aims to provide possible strategies for the further improvement of SEI film in LMBs and highlight their inspiration for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Shen
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiao Huang
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dafeng Wei
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Shi
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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2
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Krumov MR, Lang S, Johnson L, Abruña HD. Operando Investigation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation, Dynamic Evolution, and Degradation During Lithium Plating/Stripping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47692-47703. [PMID: 37751476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) dictates the stability and cycling performance of highly reactive battery electrodes. Characterization of the thin, dynamic, and environmentally sensitive nature of the SEI presents a formidable challenge, which calls for the use of microscopic, time-resolved operando methods. Herein, we employ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to directly probe the heterogeneous surface electronic conductivity during SEI formation and degradation. Complementary operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide comprehensive analysis of the dynamic size and compositional evolution of the complex interfacial microstructure. We have found that stable anode passivation occurs at potentials of 0.5 V vs Li/Li+, even in cases where anion decomposition and interphase formation occur above 1.0 V. We investigated the bidirectional relationship between the SEI and lithium plating-stripping, finding that plating-stripping ruptures the SEI. The current efficiency of this reaction is correlated to the anodic stability of the SEI, highlighting the interdependent relationship between the two. We anticipate this work will provide critical insights on the rational design of stable and effective SEI layers for safe, fast-charging, and long-lifetime lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail R Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shuangyan Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lucas Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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3
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Li Y, Liu Q, Wu S, Geng L, Popovic J, Li Y, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Dai T, Yang Y, Sun H, Lu Y, Zhang L, Tang Y, Xiao R, Li H, Chen L, Maier J, Huang J, Hu YS. Unraveling the Reaction Mystery of Li and Na with Dry Air. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10576-10583. [PMID: 37130260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Li and Na metals with high energy density are promising in application in rechargeable batteries but suffer from degradation in the ambient atmosphere. The phenomenon that in terms of kinetics, Li is stable but Na is unstable in dry air has not been fully understood. Here, we use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy combined with theoretical simulations and reveal that the different stabilities in dry air for Li and Na are reflected by the formation of compact Li2O layers on Li metal, while porous and rough Na2O/Na2O2 layers on Na metal are a consequence of the different thermodynamic and kinetics in O2. It is shown that a preformed carbonate layer can change the kinetics of Na toward an anticorrosive behavior. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the often-overlooked chemical reactions with environmental gases and enhances the electrochemical performance of Li and Na by controlling interfacial stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiunan Liu
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Geng
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yaxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Joachim Maier
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
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4
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Ni S, Zhang M, Li C, Gao R, Sheng J, Wu X, Zhou G. A 3D Framework with Li 3 N-Li 2 S Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Fast Ion Transfer Channels for a Stabilized Lithium-Metal Anode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209028. [PMID: 36482265 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Li-metal anode has been recognized as the most promising anode for its high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential. However, the major drawbacks of Li metal, such as high reactivity and large volume expansion, can lead to dendrite growth and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) fracture. An in situ artificial inorganic SEI layer, consisting of lithium nitride and lithium sulfide, is herein reported to address the dendrite growth issues. Porous graphene oxide films are doped with sulfur and nitrogen (denoted as SNGO) to work as an effective lithium host. The SNGO film enables the in situ formation of an inorganic-rich SEI layer, which facilitates the transport of Li-ions, improves SEI mechanical strength, and avoids SEI fracture. In addition, COMSOL simulation results reveal that the microchannels fabricated by the 3D printing technique further shorten the Li-ion transfer pathways and homogenize heat and stress distribution in the batteries. As a result, the assembled anode shows low capacity fading of 0.1% per cycle at 2 C rate with the sulfur cathode. In addition, the high lithium utilization of the SNGO host enables the anode to provide a stable capacity at low negative/positive electrode ratios under 3 in LiS batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Ni
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Runhua Gao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinzhi Sheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Srout M, Carboni M, Gonzalez JA, Trabesinger S. Insights into the Importance of Native Passivation Layer and Interface Reactivity of Metallic Lithium by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206252. [PMID: 36464645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries offer substantial advantages over lithium-ion batteries in terms of gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. However, their widespread practical use is hindered by safety concerns, often attributed to the poor stability of the metallic lithium interface, where electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can provide crucial information. The EIS spectra of metallic lithium electrodes proved to be more complex than expected, especially when studying thin lithium metal foils. Here, it is identified that charge-transfer impedance becomes one of the main components of the EIS spectra, the magnitude of which is found to be strongly dependent on the native passivation layer of metallic lithium and on the nature of electrolyte. "Asymmetricity" of the EIS spectra in symmetric cells when separated the working and counter electrode contributions to the total impedance using three-electrode cells is also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Srout
- Battery Electrodes and Cells, Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Marco Carboni
- Belenos Clean Power Holding AG, Seevorstadt 6, Biel/Bienne, 2502, Switzerland
| | | | - Sigita Trabesinger
- Battery Electrodes and Cells, Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
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6
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Li R, Fan Y, Zhao C, Hu A, Zhou B, He M, Chen J, Yan Z, Pan Y, Long J. Air-Stable Protective Layers for Lithium Anode Achieving Safe Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201177. [PMID: 36529700 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With markedly expansive demand in energy storage devices, rechargeable batteries will concentrate on achieving the high energy density and adequate security, especially under harsh operating conditions. Considering the high capacity (3860 mA h g-1 ) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode), lithium metal is identified as one of the most promising anode materials, which has sparked a research boom. However, the intrinsically high reactivity triggers a repeating fracture/reconstruction process of the solid electrolyte interphase, side reactions with electrolyte and lithium dendrites, detrimental to the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Even worse, when exposed to air, lithium metal will suffer severe atmospheric corrosion, especially the reaction with moisture, leading to grievous safety hazards. To settle these troubles, constructing air-stable protective layers (ASPLs) is an effective solution. In this review, besides the necessity of ASPLs is highlighted, the modified design criteria, focusing on enhancing chemical/mechanical stability and controlling ion flux, are proposed. Correspondingly, current research progress is comprehensively summarized and discussed. Finally, the perspectives of developing applicable lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are put forward. This review guides the direction for the practical use of LMAs, further pushing the evolution of safe and stable LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjing Li
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Yining Fan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Anjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfu Yan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Long
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang L, Jiao Y, Wang F, Zhou M, Hu Y, Yan Y, Li F, Lei T, Chen B, Chen W. Tailoring Lithium Fluoride Interface for Dendrite-Free Lithium Anode to Prolong the Cyclic Stability of Lithium-Sulfur Pouch Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:112. [PMID: 36427166 PMCID: PMC9700540 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells have been regarded as attractive alternatives to achieve higher energy densities because of their theoretical specific energy far beyond the lithium-ion cells. However, the achieved results of Li-S cells are exaggerating the cycle performance in their pouch formats because the considerable works are based on the coin cells where flood electrolyte and endless Li supply ensure the Li metal with nature structure features, resulting in a negligible effect on cycle performance caused by the Li dendrites and electrolyte dissipation during cycles. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to enable the Li metal with lithium fluoride (LiF)-rich solid electrolyte interface via integrating a reinforced interface (RI) embedded with nano-LiF particles on the surface of the Li metal anode. The RI interface enables the solvent molecules of the electrolyte to gain fewer electrons from Li anode, resulting in a lower leakage current of assembled RI||Li-S cell (~ 0 μA) than pristine Li anode (~ 1.15 µA). Moreover, these results show that suppressing lithium dendrite growth is more urgent than inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfides in the pouch cell format. As a result, the RI layer-engineered Li metal bears witness to the cyclic stability of Li anode over 800 h, thus achieving stable cycles of Ah-scale Li-S pouch cell with an energy density of 410 Wh/kg at a current of 200 mA per cell. Our study demonstrates that the suppression of lithium dendrites by the RI could be a promising method to prolong the cycle number of Li-S pouch cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Tianfu Co-Innovation Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- College of Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Tianyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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8
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Li M, Wang Y, Blount B, Gordon E, Muñoz-Castañeda JA, Ye Z, Ren H. Stochastic Local Breakdown of Oxide Film on Ni from Identical-Location Imaging: One Single Site at a Time. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6313-6319. [PMID: 35877081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical breakdown of a metal oxide film can directly affect the performance of functional electrochemical devices. However, revealing the structural insight into the breakdown sites is challenging because of heterogeneity: different breakdown sites are spatially distributed over the surface. Herein, we combine scanning electrochemical cell microscopy with identical-location microscopies to reveal the heterogeneity in the breakdown of NiO film on Ni in a site-by-site manner. Local critical breakdown potential varies by ∼500 mV, corresponding to an excess energy of 0.02-0.12 J/m2. Correlative composition imaging using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows Ni crystal grains with thinner NiO films are more resistant to breakdown. This high resistance is explained using classical nucleation theory, where the electrical energy is affected by the film thickness through the local interfacial capacitance. The correlative imaging approach overcomes the issue of heterogeneity, providing conclusive insight into the stability of the electrochemical interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brandon Blount
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emma Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | | | - Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Zachman MJ, Yang Z, Du Y, Chi M. Robust Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Lithium in Battery Materials by Center-of-Mass Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1358-1367. [PMID: 35000379 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The performance of energy storage materials is often governed by their structure at the atomic scale. Conventional electron microscopy can provide detailed information about materials at these length scales, but direct imaging of light elements such as lithium presents a challenge. While several recent techniques allow lithium columns to be distinguished, these typically either involve complex contrast mechanisms that make image interpretation difficult or require significant expertise to perform. Here, we demonstrate how center-of-mass scanning transmission electron microscopy (CoM-STEM) provides an enhanced ability for simultaneous imaging of lithium and heavier element columns in lithium ion conductors. Through a combination of experiments and multislice electron scattering calculations, we show that CoM-STEM is straightforward to perform and produces directly interpretable contrast for thin samples, while being more robust to variations in experimental parameters than previously demonstrated techniques. As a result, CoM-STEM is positioned to become a reliable and facile method for directly probing all elements within energy storage materials at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zachman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yingge Du
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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10
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In Situ and In Operando Techniques to Study Li-Ion and Solid-State Batteries: Micro to Atomic Level. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work summarizes the most commonly used in situ techniques for the study of Li-ion batteries from the micro to the atomic level. In situ analysis has attracted a great deal of interest owing to its ability to provide a wide range of information about the cycling behavior of batteries from the beginning until the end of cycling. The in situ techniques that are covered are: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). An optimized setup is required to be able to use any of these in situ techniques in battery applications. Depending on the type of data required, the available setup, and the type of battery, more than one of these techniques might be needed. This study organizes these techniques from the micro to the atomic level, and shows the types of data that can be obtained using these techniques, their advantages and their challenges, and possible strategies for overcoming these challenges.
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11
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Reactive surface coating of metallic lithium and its role in rechargeable lithium metal batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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13
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Han Z, Zhang C, Lin Q, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Han J, Wu D, Kang F, Yang QH, Lv W. A Protective Layer for Lithium Metal Anode: Why and How. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001035. [PMID: 34927844 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal is the most promising candidate anode material for high energy density batteries, but its high activity and severe dendrite growth lead to safety concerns and limit its practical use. Constructing a protective layer (PL) on the lithium surface to avoid the side reactions and stabilize the electrode-electrolyte interface is an effective approach to solve these problems. In this review, the recent progress on PLs is summarized, and their desired properties and design principles are discussed from the aspects of materials selection and the corresponding fabrication methods. Advanced PLs with different properties are then highlighted, including a self-adjusting feature to increase structural integrity, the synergistic effect of organic and inorganic hybrids to improve mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, the use of embedded groups and ion diffusion channels to regulate ion distribution and flux, and a protective barrier to suppress corrosion from humid air or water. Finally, the remaining challenges and the possible solutions for PL design in future studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiaowei Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaqian Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junwei Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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14
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Kang JH, Lee J, Jung JW, Park J, Jang T, Kim HS, Nam JS, Lim H, Yoon KR, Ryu WH, Kim ID, Byon HR. Lithium-Air Batteries: Air-Breathing Challenges and Perspective. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14549-14578. [PMID: 33146514 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their utilization in electric vehicles. The intrinsic challenges arising from O2 (electro)chemistry have been mitigated by developing various types of catalysts, porous electrode materials, and stable electrolyte solutions. At the next stage, we face the need to reform batteries by substituting pure O2 gas with air from Earth's atmosphere. Thus, the key emerging challenges of Li-air batteries, which are related to the selective filtration of O2 gas from air and the suppression of undesired reactions with other constituents in air, such as N2, water vapor (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2), should be properly addressed. In this review, we discuss all key aspects for developing Li-air batteries that are optimized for operating in ambient air and highlight the crucial considerations and perspectives for future air-breathing batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyuk Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseong Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ro Yoon
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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15
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Shi Y, Wan J, Liu GX, Zuo TT, Song YX, Liu B, Guo YG, Wen R, Wan LJ. Interfacial Evolution of Lithium Dendrites and Their Solid Electrolyte Interphase Shells of Quasi-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18120-18125. [PMID: 32602612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Unstable electrode/solid-state electrolyte interfaces and internal lithium dendrite penetration hamper the applications of solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs), and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, in situ optical microscopy provides insights into the lithium plating/stripping processes in a gel polymer electrolyte and reveals its dynamic evolution. Spherical lithium deposits evolve into moss-like and branch-shaped lithium dendrites with increasing current densities. Remarkably, the on-site-formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) shell on the lithium dendrite is distinctly captured after lithium stripping. Inducing an on-site-formed SEI shell with an enhanced modulus to wrap the lithium precipitation densely and uniformly can regulate dendrite-free behaviors. An in-depth understanding of lithium dendrite evolution and its functional SEI shell will aid in the optimization of SSLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Xian Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Yuan Y, Wu F, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Zheng L, Wang Z, Bai Y, Wu C. Rational Tuning of a Li 4SiO 4-Based Hybrid Interface with Unique Stepwise Prelithiation for Dendrite-Proof and High-Rate Lithium Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39362-39371. [PMID: 32805888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates for high energy-density batteries. However, dendrite growth constitutes the biggest stumbling block to its development. Herein, Li4SiO4-dominating organic-inorganic hybrid layers are rationally designed by SiO2 surface modification and the stepwise prelithiation process. SiO2 nanoparticles construct a zigzagged porous structure, where a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) has grown and penetrated to form a conformal and compact hybrid surface. Such a first-of-this-kind structure enables enhanced Li dendrite prohibition and surface stability. The interfacial chemistry reveals a two-step prelithiation process that transfers SiO2 into well-defined Li4SiO4, the components of which exhibits the lowest diffusion barrier (0.12 eV atom-1) among other highlighted SEI species, such as LiF (0.175 eV atom-1) for the current artificial layer. Therefore, the decorated Li allows for an improved high-rate full-cell performance (LiFePO4/modified Li) with a much higher capacity of 65.7 mAh g-1 at 5C (1C = 170 mAh g-1) than its counterpart with bare Li (∼3 mAh g-1). Such a protocol provides insights into the surface architecture and SEI component optimization through prelithiation in the target of stable, dendrite-proof, homogenized Li+ solid-state migration and high electrochemical performance for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lumin Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Shi Y, Wan J, Liu G, Zuo T, Song Y, Liu B, Guo Y, Wen R, Wan L. Interfacial Evolution of Lithium Dendrites and Their Solid Electrolyte Interphase Shells of Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Gui‐Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Tong‐Tong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yue‐Xian Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Guo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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18
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Krauskopf T, Richter FH, Zeier WG, Janek J. Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7745-7794. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Krauskopf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix H. Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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19
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Recent Advances in Atomic-scale Storage Mechanism Studies of Two-dimensional Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-ion. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Xiao Y, Xu R, Yan C, Liang Y, Ding JF, Huang JQ. Waterproof lithium metal anode enabled by cross-linking encapsulation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:909-916. [PMID: 36747423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal is considered as the ultimate anode choice for developing next-generation high-energy batteries. However, the poor tolerance against moist air and the unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) induced by the intrinsic high reactivity of lithium bring series of obstacles such as the rigorous operating condition, the poor electrochemical performance, and safety anxiety of the cell, which to a large extent hinder the commercial utilization of Li metal anode. Here, an effective encapsulation strategy was reported via a facile drop-casting and a following heat-assisted cross-linking process. Benefiting from the inherent hydrophobicity and the compact micro-structure of the cross-linked poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), the as-encapsulated Li metal exhibited prominent stability toward moisture, as well corroborated by the evaluations both under the humid air at 25 °C with 30% relative humidity (RH) and pure water. Moreover, the encapsulated Li metal anode exhibits a decent electrochemical performance without substantially increasing the cell polarization due to the uniform and unblocked ion channels, which originally comes from the superior affinity of the PVDF-HFP polymer toward non-aqueous electrolyte. This work demonstrates a novel and valid encapsulation strategy for humidity-sensitive alkali metal electrodes, aiming to pave the way for the large-scale and low-cost deployment of the alkali metal-based high-energy-density batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chong Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yeru Liang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun-Fan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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21
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Ren XC, Zhang XQ, Xu R, Huang JQ, Zhang Q. Analyzing Energy Materials by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908293. [PMID: 32249530 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Safe and high-energy-density rechargeable batteries are increasingly indispensable in the pursuit of a wireless and fossil-free society. Advancements in present battery technologies and the investigation of next-generation batteries highly depend on the ever-deepening fundamental understanding and the rational designs of working electrodes, electrolytes, and interfaces. However, accurately analyzing energy materials and interfaces is severely hindered by their intrinsic limitations of air and electron-beam sensitivity, which restrains the research of energy materials in a low-efficiency trial-and-error paradigm. The emergence of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled the nondestructive characterization of air- and electron-beam sensitive energy materials in the microscale and nanoscale, and even at atomic resolutions, affording closer insights into the primary chemistry and physics of working batteries. Herein, the development of cryo-EM and the applications in detecting energy materials are reviewed and analyzed from its overwhelming advantages in disclosing the underlying mystery of energy materials. Critical sample preparation methods as the precondition for cryo-EM are compared, which strongly affect the characterization accuracy. Furthermore, new developments in the analysis of energy materials, especially bulk electrodes and interfaces in lithium metal batteries, are presented according to different functions of cryo-EM. Finally, future directions of cryo-EM for analyzing energy materials are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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22
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Zhang C, Firestein KL, Fernando JFS, Siriwardena D, von Treifeldt JE, Golberg D. Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904094. [PMID: 31566272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most powerful approaches for revealing physical and chemical process dynamics at atomic resolutions. The most recent developments for in situ TEM techniques are summarized; in particular, how they enable visualization of various events, measure properties, and solve problems in the field of energy by revealing detailed mechanisms at the nanoscale. Related applications include rechargeable batteries such as Li-ion, Na-ion, Li-O2 , Na-O2 , Li-S, etc., fuel cells, thermoelectrics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. To promote various applications, the methods of introducing the in situ stimuli of heating, cooling, electrical biasing, light illumination, and liquid and gas environments are discussed. The progress of recent in situ TEM in energy applications should inspire future research on new energy materials in diverse energy-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Konstantin L Firestein
- Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Joseph F S Fernando
- Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Dumindu Siriwardena
- Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Joel E von Treifeldt
- Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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23
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Wang E, Dey S, Liu T, Menkin S, Grey CP. Effects of Atmospheric Gases on Li Metal Cyclability and Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2020; 5:1088-1094. [PMID: 32300662 PMCID: PMC7155172 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For Li-air batteries, dissolved gas can cross over from the air electrode to the Li metal anode and affect the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, a phenomenon that has not been fully characterized. In this work, the impact of atmospheric gases on the SEI properties is studied using electrochemical methods and ex situ characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of O2 significantly improved the lithium cyclability; less lithium is consumed to form the SEI or is lost because of electrical disconnects. However, the SEI resistivity and plating overpotentials increased. Lithium cycled in an "air-like" mixed O2/N2 environment also demonstrated improved cycling efficiency, suggesting that dissolved O2 participates in electrolyte reduction, forming a homogeneous SEI, even at low concentrations. The impact of gas environments on Li metal plating and SEI formation represents an additional parameter in designing future Li-metal batteries.
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24
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Abstract
Many heterogeneous chemical reactions involve gases catalyzed over solid surfaces at elevated temperatures and play a critical role in the production of energy, healthcare, pollution control, industrial products, and food. These catalytic reactions take place at the atomic level, with active structures forming under reaction conditions. A fundamental understanding of catalysis at the single atom resolution is therefore a major advance in a rational framework upon which future catalytic processes can be built. Visualization and analysis of gas-catalyst chemical reactions at the atomic level under controlled reaction conditions are key to understanding the catalyst structural evolution and atomic scale reaction mechanisms crucial to the performance and the development of improved catalysts and chemical processes. Increasingly, dynamic single atoms and atom clusters are believed to lead to enhanced catalyst performance, but despite considerable efforts, reaction mechanisms at the single atom level under reaction conditions of gas and temperature are not well understood. The development of the atomic lattice resolution environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) by the authors is widely used to visualize gas-solid catalyst reactions at this atomic level. It has recently been advanced to the environmental scanning TEM (ESTEM) with single atom resolution and full analytical capabilities. The ESTEM employs high-angle annular dark-field imaging where intensity is approximately proportional to the square of the atomic number (Z). In this Account, we highlight the ESTEM development also introduced by the authors for real time in situ studies to reliably discern metal atoms on lighter supports in gas and high temperature environments, evolving oxide/metal interfaces, and atomic level reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysts more generally and informatively, with utilizing the wider body of literature. The highlights include platinum/carbon systems of interest in fuel cells to meet energy demands and reduce environmental pollution, in reduction/oxidation (redox) mechanisms of copper and nickel nanoparticles extensively employed in catalysis, electronics, and sensors, and in the activation of supported cobalt catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis to produce fuels. By following the dynamic reduction process at operating temperature, we investigate Pt atom migrations from irregular nanoparticles in a carbon supported platinum catalyst and the resulting faceting. We outline the factors that govern the mechanism involved, with the discovery of single atom interactions which indicate that a primary role of the nanoparticles is to act as reservoirs of low coordination atoms and clusters. This has important implications in supported nanoparticle catalysis and nanoparticle science. In copper and nickel systems, we track the oxidation front at the atomic level as it proceeds across a nanoparticle, by directly monitoring Z-contrast changes with time and temperature. Regeneration of deactivated catalysts is key to prolong catalyst life. We discuss and review analyses of dynamic redox cycles for the redispersion of nickel nanoparticles with single atom resolution. In the FT process, pretreatment of practical cobalt/silica catalysts reveals higher low-coordination Co0 active sites for CO adsorption. Collectively, the ESTEM findings generate structural insights into catalyst dynamics important in the development of efficient catalysts and processes.
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25
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Zheng J, Kim MS, Tu Z, Choudhury S, Tang T, Archer LA. Regulating electrodeposition morphology of lithium: towards commercially relevant secondary Li metal batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2701-2750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rational approaches for achieving fine control of the electrodeposition morphology of Li are required to create commercially-relevant rechargeable Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Mun Sek Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | | | | | - Tian Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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26
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Guo Y, Niu P, Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Li D, Zhai T, Li H, Cui Y. An Autotransferable g-C 3 N 4 Li + -Modulating Layer toward Stable Lithium Anodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900342. [PMID: 31095799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercial deployment of lithium anodes has been severely impeded by the poor battery safety, unsatisfying cycling lifespan, and efficiency. Recently, building artificial interfacial layers over a lithium anode was regarded as an effective strategy to stabilize the electrode. However, the fabrications reported so far have mostly been conducted directly upon lithium foil, often requiring stringent reaction conditions with indispensable inert environment protection and highly specialized reagents due to the high reactivity of metallic lithium. Besides, the uneven lithium-ion flux across the lithium surface should be more powerfully tailored via mighty interfacial layer materials. Herein, g-C3 N4 is employed as a Li+ -modulating material and a brand-new autotransferable strategy to fabricate this interfacial layer for Li anodes without any inert atmosphere protection and limitation of chemical regents is developed. The g-C3 N4 film is filtrated on the separator in air using a common alcohol solution and then perfectly autotransferred to the lithium surface by electrolyte wetting during normal cell assembly. The abundant nitrogen species within g-C3 N4 nanosheets can form transient LiN bonds to powerfully stabilize the lithium-ion flux and thus enable a CE over 99% for 900 cycles and smooth deposition at high current densities and capacities, surpassing most previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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27
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Lithium anode stable in air for low-cost fabrication of a dendrite-free lithium battery. Nat Commun 2019; 10:900. [PMID: 30796214 PMCID: PMC6385276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal, the ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries, suffers from the inherent limitations of sensitivity to the humid atmosphere and dendrite growth. Herein, low-cost fabrication of a metallic-lithium anode that is stable in air and plated dendrite-free from an organic-liquid electrolyte solves four key problems that have plagued the development of large-scale Li-ion batteries for storage of electric power. Replacing the low-capacity carbon anode with a safe, dendrite-free lithium anode provides a fast charge while reducing the cost of fabrication of a lithium battery, and increasing the cycle life of a rechargeable cell by eliminating the liquid-electrolyte ethylene-carbonate additive used to form a solid-electrolyte interphase passivation layer on the anode that is unstable during cycling. This solution is accomplished by formation of a hydrophobic solid-electrolyte interphase on a metallic-lithium anode that allows for handling of the treated lithium anode membrane in a standard dry room during cell fabrication. The lithium metal is a promising anode material for batteries; however, the growth of dendrite and its instability against moisture are two technical challenges. Here the authors address both issues by introducing a bifunctional layer consisting of hydrophobic graphite fluoride and lithium fluoride.
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28
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Wang H, Li Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Lin D, Zhu C, Chen G, Yang A, Yan K, Chen H, Zhu Y, Li J, Xie J, Xu J, Zhang Z, Vilá R, Pei A, Wang K, Cui Y. Wrinkled Graphene Cages as Hosts for High-Capacity Li Metal Anodes Shown by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1326-1335. [PMID: 30676759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal has long been considered the "holy grail" of battery anode chemistry but is plagued by low efficiency and poor safety due to its high chemical reactivity and large volume fluctuation, respectively. Here we introduce a new host of wrinkled graphene cage (WGC) for Li metal. Different from recently reported amorphous carbon spheres, WGC show highly improved mechanical stability, better Li ion conductivity, and excellent solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for continuous robust Li metal protection. At low areal capacities, Li metal is preferentially deposited inside the graphene cage. Cryogenic electron microscopy characterization shows that a uniform and stable SEI forms on the WGC surface that can shield the Li metal from direct exposure to electrolyte. With increased areal capacities, Li metal is plated densely and homogeneously into the outer pore spaces between graphene cages with no dendrite growth or volume change. As a result, a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ∼98.0% was achieved under 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1-10 mAh/cm2 in commercial carbonate electrolytes, and a CE of 99.1% was realized with high-concentration electrolytes under 0.5 mA/cm2 and 3 mAh/cm2. Full cells using WGC electrodes with prestored Li paired with Li iron phosphate showed greatly improved cycle lifetime. With 10 mAh/cm2 Li metal deposition, the WGC/Li composite anode was able to provide a high specific capacity of ∼2785 mAh/g. With its roll-to-roll compatible fabrication procedure, WGC serves as a highly promising material for the practical realization of Li metal anodes in next-generation high energy density secondary batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yuzhang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Dingchang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Guangxu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yangying Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jinwei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Zewen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Rafael Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Allen Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kecheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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29
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Luo Z, Zhu G, Guo L, Li F, Li Y, Fu M, Cao YC, Li YL, Luo K. Improving the cyclability and capacity of Li-O 2 batteries via low rate pre-activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2094-2097. [PMID: 30694273 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple low rate pre-activation effectively prolonged the cycle life of Li-O2 batteries with MWNT cathodes in a 1 M LiClO4/DMSO electrolyte from 55 to 290 cycles, and the ultimate capacity and rate performance were also significantly enhanced, attributed to reconstructed homogeneous and compact SEI layers on the Li anodes by pre-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
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30
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Golozar M, Hovington P, Paolella A, Bessette S, Lagacé M, Bouchard P, Demers H, Gauvin R, Zaghib K. In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Detection of Carbide Nature of Dendrites in Li-Polymer Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7583-7589. [PMID: 30462516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Li metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation which causes short circuit of the battery. Therefore, it is important to understand the chemical composition and growth mechanism of dendrites that limit battery efficiency and cycle life. In this study, in situ scanning electron microscopy was employed to monitor the cycling behavior of all-solid Li metal batteries with LiFePO4 cathodes. Chemical analyses of the dendrites were conducted using a windowless energy dispersive spectroscopy detector, which showed that the dendrites are not metallic lithium as universally recognized. Our results revealed the carbide nature of the dendrites with a hollow morphology and hardness greater than that of pure lithium. These carbide-based dendrites were able to perforate through the polymer, which was confirmed by milling the polymer using focused ion beam. It was also shown that applying pressure on the battery can suppress growth of the dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golozar
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | | | - Andrea Paolella
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Stéphanie Bessette
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Marin Lagacé
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Patrick Bouchard
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Hendrix Demers
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Raynald Gauvin
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
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31
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32
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Sytwu K, Hayee F, Narayan TC, Koh AL, Sinclair R, Dionne JA. Visualizing Facet-Dependent Hydrogenation Dynamics in Individual Palladium Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5357-5363. [PMID: 30148640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface faceting in nanoparticles can profoundly impact the rate and selectivity of chemical transformations. However, the precise role of surface termination can be challenging to elucidate because many measurements are performed on ensembles of particles and do not have sufficient spatial resolution to observe reactions at the single and subparticle level. Here, we investigate solute intercalation in individual palladium hydride nanoparticles with distinct surface terminations. Using a combination of diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and dark-field contrast in an environmental transmission electron microscope (TEM), we compare the thermodynamics and directly visualize the kinetics of 40-70 nm {100}-terminated cubes and {111}-terminated octahedra with approximately 2 nm spatial resolution. Despite their distinct surface terminations, both particle morphologies nucleate the new phase at the tips of the particle. However, whereas the hydrogenated phase-front must rotate from [111] to [100] to propagate in cubes, the phase-front can propagate along the [100], [11̅0], and [111] directions in octahedra. Once the phase-front is established, the interface propagates linearly with time and is rate-limited by surface-to-subsurface diffusion and/or the atomic rearrangements needed to accommodate lattice strain. Following nucleation, both particle morphologies take approximately the same time to reach equilibrium, hydrogenating at similar pressures and without equilibrium phase coexistence. Our results highlight the importance of low-coordination number sites and strain, more so than surface faceting, in governing solute-driven reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sytwu
- Department of Applied Physics , Stanford University , 348 Via Pueblo , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Fariah Hayee
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , 350 Serra Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tarun C Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ai Leen Koh
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities , Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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33
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Jlassi K, Radwan AB, Sadasivuni KK, Mrlik M, Abdullah AM, Chehimi MM, Krupa I. Anti-corrosive and oil sensitive coatings based on epoxy/polyaniline/magnetite-clay composites through diazonium interfacial chemistry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13369. [PMID: 30190528 PMCID: PMC6127100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy polymer nanocomposites filled with magnetite (Fe3O4) clay (B), named (B-DPA-PANI@Fe3O4) have been prepared at different filler loading (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 wt. %). The surface modification of clay by polyaniline (PANI) is achieved in the presence of 4-diphenylamine diazonium salt (DPA). The effects of the nanofiller loading on Tensile, mechanical and dielectric properties were systematically studied. Improved properties was highlighted for all reinforced samples. The addition of only 3 wt. % of the filler enhanced the tensile strength of the composites by 256%, and the glass transition temperature Tg by 37%. The dielectric spectra over a broad frequency showed a robust interface between the hybrid (B-DPA-PANI@Fe3O4) fillers and epoxy matrix. The results showed most significant improvement in corrosion inhibition using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5 wt % NaCl, as well as a significant response in oil sensing test. High charge transfer resistance of 110 × 106 Ω.cm2 using 3-wt % of filler was noted compared to 0.35 × 106 Ω.cm2 for the pure epoxy. The results obtained herein will open new routes for the preparation of efficient anticorrosion sensor coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Jlassi
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - A Bahgat Radwan
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Aboubakr M Abdullah
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M Chehimi
- University Paris Est, CNRS, UMR7182, ICMPE, UPEC, F-94320, Thais, France
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- QAPCO Polymer Chair, Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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34
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Song Z, Xie ZH. A literature review of in situ transmission electron microscopy technique in corrosion studies. Micron 2018; 112:69-83. [PMID: 29929172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in corrosion investigation is foreseeing precisely how and where materials will degenerate in a designated condition owing to scarceness of accurate corrosion mechanisms. Recent fast development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique makes it achievable to better understand the corrosion mechanism and physicochemical processes at the interfaces between samples and gases or electrolytes by dynamical capture the microstructural and chemical changes with high resolution within a realistic or near-realistic environment. However, a detailed and in-depth account summing up the development and latest achievements of in situ TEM techniques, especially the application of emerging liquid and electrochemical cells in the community of corrosion study in the last several years is lacking and is urgently needed for its heathy development. To fill this gap, this critical review summarizes firstly the key scientific issues in corrosion research, followed by introducing the configurations of several typical closed-type cells. Then, the achievements of in situ TEM using open-type or closed-type cells in corrosion study are presented in detail. The study directions in the future are commented finally in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, electron radiation, and linkage between microstructure and electrochemical performance in corrosion community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
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35
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Yulaev A, Oleshko V, Haney P, Liu J, Qi Y, Talin AA, Leite MS, Kolmakov A. From Microparticles to Nanowires and Back: Radical Transformations in Plated Li Metal Morphology Revealed via in Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1644-1650. [PMID: 29397748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Li metal is the preferred anode material for all-solid-state Li batteries. However, a stable plating and stripping of Li metal at the anode-solid electrolyte interface remains a significant challenge particularly at practically feasible current densities. This problem usually relates to high and/or inhomogeneous Li-electrode-electrolyte interfacial impedance and formation and growth of high-aspect-ratio dendritic Li deposits at the electrode-electrolyte interface, which eventually shunt the battery. To better understand details of Li metal plating, we use operando electron microscopy and Auger spectroscopy to probe nucleation, growth, and stripping of Li metal during cycling of a model solid-state Li battery as a function of current density and oxygen pressure. We find a linear correlation between the nucleation density of Li clusters and the charging rate in an ultrahigh vacuum, which agrees with a classical nucleation and growth model. Moreover, the trace amount of oxidizing gas (≈10-6 Pa of O2) promotes the Li growth in a form of nanowires due to a fine balance between the ion current density and a growth rate of a thin lithium-oxide shell on the surface of the metallic Li. Interestingly, increasing the partial pressure of O2 to 10-5 Pa resumes Li plating in a form of 3D particles. Our results demonstrate the importance of trace amounts of preexisting or ambient oxidizing species on lithiation processes in solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yulaev
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Maryland NanoCenter , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Vladimir Oleshko
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Paul Haney
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - A Alec Talin
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94551 , United States
| | - Marina S Leite
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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