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Uhlířová H, Stibůrek M, Pikálek T, Gomes A, Turtaev S, Kolbábková P, Čižmár T. "There's plenty of room at the bottom": deep brain imaging with holographic endo-microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11504. [PMID: 38250297 PMCID: PMC10798506 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Significance Over more than 300 years, microscopic imaging keeps providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of living organisms. Seeing microscopic structures beyond the reach of free-space light-based microscopy, however, requires dissection of the tissue-an intervention seriously disturbing its physiological functions. The hunt for low-invasiveness tools has led a growing community of physicists and engineers into the realm of complex media photonics. One of its activities represents exploiting multimode optical fibers (MMFs) as ultra-thin endoscopic probes. Employing wavefront shaping, these tools only recently facilitated the first peeks at cells and their sub-cellular compartments at the bottom of the mouse brain with the impact of micro-scale tissue damage. Aim Here, we aim to highlight advances in MMF-based holographic endo-microscopy facilitating microscopic imaging throughout the whole depth of the mouse brain. Approach We summarize the important technical and methodological prerequisites for stabile high-resolution imaging in vivo. Results We showcase images of the microscopic building blocks of brain tissue, including neurons, neuronal processes, vessels, intracellular calcium signaling, and red blood cell velocity in individual vessels. Conclusions This perspective article helps to understand the complexity behind the technology of holographic endo-microscopy, summarizes its recent advances and challenges, and stimulates the mind of the reader for further exploitation of this tool in the neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Stibůrek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pikálek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - André Gomes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petra Kolbábková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Optics, Jena, Germany
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Xia F, Rimoli CV, Akemann W, Ventalon C, Bourdieu L, Gigan S, de Aguiar HB. Neurophotonics beyond the surface: unmasking the brain's complexity exploiting optical scattering. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11510. [PMID: 38617592 PMCID: PMC11014413 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the brain necessitates the application of advanced probing techniques to comprehensively study and understand its working mechanisms. Neurophotonics offers minimally invasive methods to probe the brain using optics at cellular and even molecular levels. However, multiple challenges persist, especially concerning imaging depth, field of view, speed, and biocompatibility. A major hindrance to solving these challenges in optics is the scattering nature of the brain. This perspective highlights the potential of complex media optics, a specialized area of study focused on light propagation in materials with intricate heterogeneous optical properties, in advancing and improving neuronal readouts for structural imaging and optical recordings of neuronal activity. Key strategies include wavefront shaping techniques and computational imaging and sensing techniques that exploit scattering properties for enhanced performance. We discuss the potential merger of the two fields as well as potential challenges and perspectives toward longer term in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caio Vaz Rimoli
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Walther Akemann
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cathie Ventalon
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bourdieu
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
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Xu C, Nedergaard M, Fowell DJ, Friedl P, Ji N. Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy for in vivo imaging. Cell 2024; 187:4458-4487. [PMID: 39178829 PMCID: PMC11373887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (MPFM) has been a game-changer for optical imaging, particularly for studying biological tissues deep within living organisms. MPFM overcomes the strong scattering of light in heterogeneous tissue by utilizing nonlinear excitation that confines fluorescence emission mostly to the microscope focal volume. This enables high-resolution imaging deep within intact tissue and has opened new avenues for structural and functional studies. MPFM has found widespread applications and has led to numerous scientific discoveries and insights into complex biological processes. Today, MPFM is an indispensable tool in many research communities. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a go-to technique for researchers investigating biological phenomena at the cellular and subcellular levels in their native environments. In this Review, the principles, implementations, capabilities, and limitations of MPFM are presented. Three application areas of MPFM, neuroscience, cancer biology, and immunology, are reviewed in detail and serve as examples for applying MPFM to biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Rochester Medical School, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Deborah J Fowell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen HB 6500, the Netherlands
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Guan S, Tang M. Exposure of quantum dots in the nervous system: Central nervous system risks and the blood-brain barrier interface. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:936-952. [PMID: 38062852 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots currently possess significant importance in the field of biomedical science. Upon introduction into the body, quantum dots exhibit a tendency to accumulate in diverse tissues including the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, it becomes imperative to devote specific attention to their potential toxic effects. Moreover, the preservation of optimal CNS function relies heavily on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, thereby necessitating its prioritization in neurotoxicological investigations. A more comprehensive understanding of the BBB and CNS characteristics, along with the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to neurotoxicity, will greatly aid researchers in the development of effective design strategies. This article offers an in-depth look at the methods used to reduce the harmful effects of quantum dots on the nervous system, alongside the progression of effective treatments for brain-related conditions. The focal point of this discussion is the BBB and its intricate association with the CNS and neurotoxicology. The discourse commences by recent advancements in the medical application of quantum dots are examined. Subsequently, elucidating the mechanisms through which quantum dots infiltrate the human body and traverse into the brain. Additionally, the discourse delves into the factors that facilitate the passage of quantum dots across the BBB, primarily encompassing the physicochemical properties of quantum dots and the BBB's inherent capacity for self-permeability alteration. Furthermore, a concluding summary is presented, emphasizing existing research deficiencies and identifying promising avenues for further investigation within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Yang J, Peng S, Zhao Y, Tang T, Guo J, Cui R, Sun T, Zhang M. Improving Three-Photon Fluorescence of Near-Infrared Quantum Dots for Deep Brain Imaging by Suppressing Biexciton Decay. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6706-6713. [PMID: 38775232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Three-photon fluorescence microscopy (3PFM) is a promising brain research tool with submicrometer spatial resolution and high imaging depth. However, only limited materials have been developed for 3PFM owing to the rigorous requirement of the three-photon fluorescence (3PF) process. Herein, under the guidance of a band gap engineering strategy, CdTe/CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the near-infrared window are designed for constructing 3PF probes. The formation of type II structure significantly increased the three-photon absorption cross section of QDs and caused the delocalization of electron-hole wave functions. The time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the decay of biexcitons was significantly suppressed due to the appropriate band gap alignment, which further enhanced the 3PF efficiency of QDs. By utilizing QD-based 3PF probes, high-resolution 3PFM imaging of cerebral vasculature was realized excited by a 1600 nm femtosecond laser, indicating the possibility of deep brain imaging with these 3PF probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ran Cui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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LaViolette AK, Rebec MR, Xu C. Measurement of third order coherence by in situ autocorrelation for determining three-photon cross-sections. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3555-3562. [PMID: 38867794 PMCID: PMC11166442 DOI: 10.1364/boe.521529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
We show theoretically that the third order coherence at zero delay can be obtained by measuring the second and third order autocorrelation traces of a pulsed laser. Our theory enables the measurement of a fluorophore's three-photon cross-section without prior knowledge of the temporal profile of the excitation pulse by using the same fluorescent medium for both the measurement of the third order coherence at zero delay as well as the cross-section. Such an in situ measurement needs no assumptions about the pulse shape nor group delay dispersion of the optical system. To verify the theory experimentally, we measure the three-photon action cross-section of Alexa Fluor 350 and show that the measured value of the three-photon cross-section remains approximately constant despite varied amounts of chirp on the excitation pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. LaViolette
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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7
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Chen R, Peng S, Xia Q, Wu T, Zheng J, Qin H, Qian J. Intravital observation of high-scattering and dense-labeling hepatic tissues using multi-photon fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300477. [PMID: 38616104 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high-resolution and large-depth microscopic imaging in vivo under conditions characterized by high-scattering and dense-labeling, as commonly encountered in the liver, poses a formidable challenge. Here, through the optimization of multi-photon fluorescence excitation window, tailored to the unique optical properties of the liver, intravital microscopic imaging of hepatocytes and hepatic blood vessels with high spatial resolution was attained. It's worth noting that resolution degradation caused by tissue scattering of excitation light was mitigated by accounting for moderate tissue self-absorption. Leveraging high-quality multi-photon fluorescence microscopy, we discerned structural and functional alterations in hepatocytes during drug-induced acute liver failure. Furthermore, a reduction in indocyanine green metabolism rates associated with acute liver failure was observed using NIR-II fluorescence macroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Suthya AR, Wong CHY, Bourne JH. Diving head-first into brain intravital microscopy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372996. [PMID: 38817606 PMCID: PMC11137164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironments during physiology and pathology are highly complex, meaning dynamic cellular activities and their interactions cannot be accurately modelled ex vivo or in vitro. In particular, tissue-specific resident cells which may function and behave differently after isolation and the heterogenous vascular beds in various organs highlight the importance of observing such processes in real-time in vivo. This challenge gave rise to intravital microscopy (IVM), which was discovered over two centuries ago. From the very early techniques of low-optical resolution brightfield microscopy, limited to transparent tissues, IVM techniques have significantly evolved in recent years. Combined with improved animal surgical preparations, modern IVM technologies have achieved significantly higher speed of image acquisition and enhanced image resolution which allow for the visualisation of biological activities within a wider variety of tissue beds. These advancements have dramatically expanded our understanding in cell migration and function, especially in organs which are not easily accessible, such as the brain. In this review, we will discuss the application of rodent IVM in neurobiology in health and disease. In particular, we will outline the capability and limitations of emerging technologies, including photoacoustic, two- and three-photon imaging for brain IVM. In addition, we will discuss the use of these technologies in the context of neuroinflammation.
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Zhong J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Tong S, Deng X, Huang J, Li Z, Zhang C, Gao Z, Li J, Qiu P, Wang K. In vivo deep brain multiphoton fluorescence imaging emitting at NIR-I and NIR-II and excited at NIR-IV. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300422. [PMID: 38211977 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) enables deep brain imaging. Three optical windows: NIR-I, NIR-II, and NIR-III are widely used. Recently, NIR-IV (the 2200 nm window) has been demonstrated to be the last and longest window for deep tissue MPM. However, so far MPM covers only two optical windows labeled by single fluorescent probe, one for emission and one for excitation. Here we demonstrate in vivo deep brain MPM covering three optical windows, with emission at NIR-I, NIR-II, and excitation at NIR-IV, labeled by ICG. The innovations include: (1) characterizing both 3-photon excitation and emission properties of ICG emitting at both NIR-I and NIR-II, in water, plasma, and circulating blood; (2) a home-built multiphoton microscope with simultaneous dual channel detection, with which we demonstrate deep brain MPM 950 μm (NIR-I) and 850 μm (NIR-II) into the mouse brain in vivo, verifying that multi-optical window MPM is promising for deep brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Advanced Life Imaging Lab, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang Y, Zhong J, Cheng H, Huang J, Li Z, Zhang C, Gao Z, Xu Z, Xu G, Qiu P, Wang K. Comparison of the penetration depth in mouse brain in vivo through 3PF imaging using AIE nanoparticle labeling and THG imaging within the 1700 nm window. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:511-515. [PMID: 38235073 PMCID: PMC10790977 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
3-Photon microscopy (3PM) excited at the 1700 nm window features a smaller tissue attenuation and hence a larger penetration depth in brain imaging compared with other excitation wavelengths in vivo. While the comparison of the penetration depth quantified by effective attenuation length le with other excitation wavelengths have been extensively investigated, comparison within the 1700 nm window has never been demonstrated. This is mainly due to the lack of a proper excitation laser source and characterization of the in vivo emission properties of fluorescent labels within this window. Herein, we demonstrate detailed measurements and comparison of le through the 3-photon imaging of the mouse brain in vivo, at different excitation wavelengths (1600 nm, 1700 nm, and 1800 nm). 3PF imaging and in vivo spectrum measurements were performed using AIE nanoparticle labeling. Our results show that le derived from both 3PF imaging and THG imaging is the largest at 1700 nm, indicating that it enables the deepest penetration in brain imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
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11
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Pei P, Fan Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhao D, Qian BZ, Zhang F. Fluorescence-amplified nanocrystals in the second near-infrared window for in vivo real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1195-1204. [PMID: 37349506 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) holds great promise for non-invasive in vivo detection. However, real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging remains challenging due to the lack of available fluorescence probes and multiplexing techniques in the ideal NIR-IIb (1,500-1,700 nm) 'deep-tissue-transparent' sub-window. Here we report on thulium-based cubic-phase downshifting nanoparticles (α-TmNPs) with 1,632 nm fluorescence amplification. This strategy was also validated for the fluorescence enhancement of nanoparticles doped with NIR-II Er3+ (α-ErNPs) or Ho3+ (α-HoNPs). In parallel, we developed a simultaneous dual-channel imaging system with high spatiotemporal synchronization and accuracy. The NIR-IIb α-TmNPs and α-ErNPs facilitated the non-invasive real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging of cerebrovascular vasomotion activity and the single-cell-level neutrophil behaviour in mouse subcutaneous tissue and ischaemic stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Pei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shangfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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LaViolette AK, Ouzounov DG, Xu C. Measurement of three-photon excitation cross-sections of fluorescein from 1154 nm to 1500 nm. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4369-4382. [PMID: 37799679 PMCID: PMC10549759 DOI: 10.1364/boe.498214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of three-photon action cross-sections for fluorescein (dissolved in water, pH ∼11.5) are presented in the excitation wavelength range from 1154 to 1500 nm in ∼50 nm steps. The excitation source is a femtosecond wavelength tunable non-collinear optical parametric amplifier, which has been spectrally filtered with 50 nm full width at half maximum band pass filters. Cube-law power dependance is confirmed at the measurement wavelengths. The three-photon excitation spectrum is found to differ from both the one- and two-photon excitation spectra. The three-photon action cross-section at 1154 nm is more than an order of magnitude larger than those at 1450 and 1500 nm (approximately three times the wavelength of the one-photon excitation peak), which possibly indicates the presence of resonance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. LaViolette
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dimitre G. Ouzounov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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13
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Guo Y, Wang L, Luo Z, Zhu Y, Gao X, Weng X, Wang Y, Yan W, Qu J. Dynamic Volumetric Imaging of Mouse Cerebral Blood Vessels In Vivo with an Ultralong Anti-Diffracting Beam. Molecules 2023; 28:4936. [PMID: 37446598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric imaging of a mouse brain in vivo with one-photon and two-photon ultralong anti-diffracting (UAD) beam illumination was performed. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of blood vessels in the mouse brain were mapped to a two-dimensional (2D) image. The speed of volumetric imaging was significantly improved due to the long focal length of the UAD beam. Comparing one-photon and two-photon UAD beam volumetric imaging, we found that the imaging depth of two-photon volumetric imaging (80 μm) is better than that of one-photon volumetric imaging (60 μm), and the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of two-photon volumetric imaging is two times that of one-photon volumetric imaging. Therefore, we used two-photon UAD volumetric imaging to perform dynamic volumetric imaging of mouse brain blood vessels in vivo, and obtained the blood flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ziyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yinru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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14
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Deng X, Ma X, Zhang W, Qin M, Xie W, Qiu P, Yin J, Wang K. In vivo deep-brain 2-photon fluorescent microscopy labeled with near-infrared dyes excited at the 1700 nm window. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341118. [PMID: 37032053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
2-Photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) is an indispensable imaging technology for neuroscience. However, the imaging depth is usually limited to the cortical layer in mouse brain in vivo. Here, we demonstrate deep brain 2PFM in vivo excited at the 1700 nm window, using IR780 and aza-IR780 as fluorescent labels. Our detailed characterization of the multiphoton excitation and emission properties of IR780 and aza-IR780 show that: (1) IR780 or aza-IR780 generate 2-photon fluorescence excited at the 1700 nm window and are promising for 2PFM; (2) aza-IR780 exhibits a larger ησ2 with better anti-photobleaching property compared to IR780; The 2-photon action cross-sections of IR780 and aza-IR780 in plasma are an order-of-magnitude larger than those in PBS; (3) In vivo 2-photon emission spectra for both dyes show a notable red shift compared to those in vitro. Based on these characterization results, we demonstrate deep brain 2PFM labeled by them. A maximum imaging depth of 1585 μm (labeled by IR780) and 1800 μm (labeled by aza-IR780) into the mouse brain in vivo readily penetrates the subcortical region of hippocampus. Besides, a maximum of 1528 μm hemodynamic imaging depth is realized via 2PFM with aza-IR780 labeling, enabling us to measure blood flow speed in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoxie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wanjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Weixin Xie
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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15
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Qin M, Huang J, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Tong S, Cheng H, Deng X, Zheng L, Zhang W, Qiu P, Wang K. Resolving arteriolar wall structures in mouse brain in vivo with three-photon microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200365. [PMID: 36633161 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The brain arteriolar wall is a multilayered structure, whose integrity is of key significance to the brain function. However, resolving these different layers in anmial models in vivo is hampered by the lack of either labeling or imaging technology. Here, we demonstrate that three-photon microscopy (3PM) is an ideal solution. In mouse brain in vivo, excited at the 1700-nm window, label-free third-harmonic generation imaging and three-photon fluorescence (3PF) imaging with Alexa 633 labeling colocalize and resolve the internal elastic lamina. Furthermore, Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA-594) shows time-dependent labeling behavior. As time lapses, WGA-594 first labels endothelium, and then vascular smooth muscle cells, which are readily captured and resolved with 3PF imaging. Our results show that 3PM, in combination with proper labeling, is a promising technology for investigating the structures of brain arteriolar wall in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Jin S, Li R, Zhu J, Pang T, Wu T, Zhan H, Zheng Y, Huang F, Chen X, Chen D. Seven-photon absorption from Na +/Bi 3+-alloyed Cs 2AgInCl 6 perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1406-1415. [PMID: 36756907 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear multi-phonon (2-7) absorption in the Na+/Bi3+-alloyed Cs2AgInCl6 lead-free double perovskites with ∼100% photoluminescence quantum yield and superior stability is observed for the first time, which can be pumped by a femtosecond laser in a wide spectral range (800-2600 nm). First-principles calculations verify that the parity-forbidden transition from the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum (at the Γ point) is not broken by Na+/Bi3+ doping, and strong optical band-to-band absorption occurs at the L&X points. Time-resolved emission spectra evidence that single-photon and multi-photon pumping leads to the same self-trapped exciton transition and high-order nonlinear absorption will not induce a remarkable thermal effect. Finally, we demonstrate that the Cs2Na0.4Ag0.6In0.99Bi0.01Cl6 DP shows great potential for next-generation wavelength-selective and highly sensitive multiphoton imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Jin
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
| | - Renfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhu
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
| | - Tao Pang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, College of Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Tianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Feng Huang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
| | - Daqin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
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17
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Zhang K, Chen FR, Wang L, Hu J. Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Window for Imaging-Navigated Modulation of Brain Structure and Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206044. [PMID: 36670072 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, optical imaging of the deep brain with high resolution has been a challenge. Recently, with the advance in second near-infrared (NIR-II) bioimaging techniques and imaging contrast agents, NIR-II window bioimaging has attracted great attention to monitoring deeper biological or pathophysiological processes with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatiotemporal resolution. Assisted with NIR-II bioimaging, the modulation of structure and function of brain is promising to be noninvasive and more precise. Herein, in this review, first the advantage of NIR-II light in brain imaging from the interaction between NIR-II and tissue is elaborated. Then, several specific NIR-II bioimaging technologies are introduced, including NIR-II fluorescence imaging, multiphoton fluorescence imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. Furthermore, the corresponding contrast agents are summarized. Next, the application of various NIR-II bioimaging technologies in visualizing the characteristics of cerebrovascular network and monitoring the changes of the pathology signals will be presented. After that, the modulation of brain structure and function based on NIR-II bioimaging will be discussed, including treatment of glioblastoma, guidance of cell transplantation, and neuromodulation. In the end, future perspectives that would help improve the clinical translation of NIR-II light are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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18
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Tong S, Zhong J, Chen X, Deng X, Huang J, Zhang Y, Qin M, Li Z, Cheng H, Zhang W, Zheng L, Xie W, Qiu P, Wang K. In Vivo Deep-Brain 3- and 4-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Subcortical Structures Labeled by Quantum Dots Excited at the 2200 nm Window. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3686-3695. [PMID: 36799427 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an enabling technology for visualizing deep-brain structures at high spatial resolution in vivo. Within the low tissue absorption window, shifting to longer excitation wavelengths reduces tissue scattering and boosts penetration depth. Recently, the 2200 nm excitation window has emerged as the last and longest window suitable for deep-brain MPM. However, multiphoton fluorescence imaging at this window has not been demonstrated, due to the lack of characterization of multiphoton properties of fluorescent labels. Here we demonstrate technologies for measuring both the multiphoton excitation and emission properties of fluorescent labels at the 2200 nm window, using (1) 3-photon (ησ3) and 4-photon action cross sections (ησ4) and (2) 3-photon and 4-photon emission spectra both ex vivo and in vivo of quantum dots. Our results show that quantum dots have exceptionally large ησ3 and ησ4 for efficient generation of multiphoton fluorescence. Besides, the 3-photon and 4-photon emission spectra of quantum dots are essentially identical to those of one-photon emission, which change negligibly subject to the local environment of circulating blood. Based on these characterization results, we further demonstrate deep-brain vasculature imaging in vivo. Due to the superb multiphoton properties of quantum dots, 3-photon and 4-photon fluorescence imaging reaches a maximum brain imaging depth of 1060 and 940 μm below the surface of a mouse brain, respectively, which enables the imaging of subcortical structures. We thus fill the last gap in multiphoton fluorescence imaging in terms of wavelength selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Advanced Life Imaging Lab, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wanjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weixin Xie
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Xiao Y, Deng P, Zhao Y, Yang S, Li B. Three-photon excited fluorescence imaging in neuroscience: From principles to applications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1085682. [PMID: 36891460 PMCID: PMC9986337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1085682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of three-photon microscopy (3PM) has greatly expanded the capability of imaging deep within biological tissues, enabling neuroscientists to visualize the structure and activity of neuronal populations with greater depth than two-photon imaging. In this review, we outline the history and physical principles of 3PM technology. We cover the current techniques for improving the performance of 3PM. Furthermore, we summarize the imaging applications of 3PM for various brain regions and species. Finally, we discuss the future of 3PM applications for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Deep tissue multi-photon imaging using adaptive optics with direct focus sensing and shaping. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1663-1671. [PMID: 35697805 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution optical imaging deep in tissues is challenging because of optical aberrations and scattering of light caused by the complex structure of living matter. Here we present an adaptive optics three-photon microscope based on analog lock-in phase detection for focus sensing and shaping (ALPHA-FSS). ALPHA-FSS accurately measures and effectively compensates for both aberrations and scattering induced by specimens and recovers subcellular resolution at depth. A conjugate adaptive optics configuration with remote focusing enables in vivo imaging of fine neuronal structures in the mouse cortex through the intact skull up to a depth of 750 µm below the pia, enabling near-non-invasive high-resolution microscopy in cortex. Functional calcium imaging with high sensitivity and high-precision laser-mediated microsurgery through the intact skull were also demonstrated. Moreover, we achieved in vivo high-resolution imaging of the deep cortex and subcortical hippocampus up to 1.1 mm below the pia within the intact brain.
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21
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Xu C. Optical clearing of the mouse skull. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:284. [PMID: 36175405 PMCID: PMC9522800 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High spatial resolution imaging of the mouse brain through the intact skull is challenging because of the skull-induced aberration and scattering. The research group of Dan Zhu from Huazhong University of Science and Technology has developed a skull-clearing technique that provides a long-term (~ weeks), stable, transparent window for high resolution optical imaging over a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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22
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Zhang H, Fu P, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Wang M, Abdellah M, He M, Qian J, Roe AW, Xi W. Large-depth three-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging of cortical microvasculature on nonhuman primates with bright AIE probe In vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121809. [PMID: 36166895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has been a powerful tool in brain research, three-photon fluorescence microscopy is increasingly becoming an emerging technique for neurological research of the cortex in depth. Nonhuman primates play important roles in the study of brain science because of their neural and vascular similarity to humans. However, there are few research results of three-photon fluorescence microscopy on the brain of nonhuman primates due to the lack of optimized imaging systems and excellent fluorescent probes. Here we introduced a bright aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe with excellent three-photon fluorescence efficiency as well as facile synthesis process and we validated its biocompatibility in the macaque monkey. We achieved a large-depth vascular imaging of approximately 1 mm in the cerebral cortex of macaque monkey with our lab-modified three-photon fluorescence microscopy system and the AIE probe. Functional measurement of blood velocity in deep cortex capillaries was also performed. Furthermore, the comparison of cortical deep vascular structure parameters across species was presented on the monkey and mouse cortex. This work is the first in vivo three-photon fluorescence microscopic imaging research on the macaque monkey cortex reaching the imaging depth of ∼1 mm with the bright AIE probe. The results demonstrate the potential of three-photon microscopy as primate-compatible method for imaging fine vascular networks and will advance our understanding of vascular function in normal and disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mubin He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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23
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Matsuura H, Kawakami R, Isoe M, Hoshihara M, Minami Y, Yatsuzuka K, Tsuda T, Murakami M, Suzuki Y, Kawamata J, Imamura T, Hadano S, Watanabe S, Niko Y. NIR-II-Excitable Dye-Loaded Nanoemulsions for Two-Photon Microscopy Imaging of Capillary Blood Vessels in the Entire Hippocampal CA1 Region of Living Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40481-40490. [PMID: 36063083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PM) imaging, the development of techniques that can improve the observable depth and temporal resolution is an important challenge to address biological and biomedical concerns such as vascular dynamics in the deep brain (typically the hippocampal region) of living animals. Improvements have been achieved through two approaches: an optical approach using a highly tissue-penetrating excitation laser oscillating in the second near-infrared wavelength region (NIR-II, 1100-1350 nm) and a chemical approach employing fluorescent probes with high two-photon brightness (characterized by the product of the two-photon absorption cross section, σ2, and the fluorescence quantum yield, Φ). To integrate these two approaches, we developed a fluorescent dye exhibiting a sufficiently high σ2Φ value of 68 Goeppert-Mayer units at 1100 nm. When a nanoemulsion encapsulating >1000 dye molecules per particle and a 1100 nm laser were employed for 2PM imaging, capillary blood vessels in almost the entire hippocampal CA1 region of the mouse brain (approximately 1.1-1.5 mm below the surface) were clearly visualized at a frame rate of 30 frames s-1 (averaged over eight frames, practically 3.75 frames s-1). This observable depth and frame rate are much higher than those in previous reports on 2PM imaging. Furthermore, this nanoemulsion allowed for the visualization of blood vessels at a depth of 1.8 mm, corresponding to the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These results highlight the advantage of combining bright probes with NIR-II lasers. Our probe is a promising tool for studying the vascular dynamics of living animals and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuura
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
- TOSA Innovative Human Development Programs, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Maki Isoe
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hoshihara
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Yuya Minami
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yatsuzuka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Teruko Tsuda
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masamoto Murakami
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shingo Hadano
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Shigeru Watanabe
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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24
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Li S, Deng X, Cheng H, Li X, Wan Y, Cao C, Yu J, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang K, Lee CS. Bright Near-Infrared π-Conjugated Oligomer Nanoparticles for Deep-Brain Three-Photon Microscopy Excited at the 1700 nm Window in Vivo. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12480-12487. [PMID: 35968934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of three-photon fluorophores with 1700 nm excitation is pressingly desirable for in vivo imaging of tissue resided deep inside the brain. Herein, we report a designed and synthesized fluorescent molecule (OFET) for in vivo mouse brain imaging with three-photon microscopy at a record imaging depth. The OFET molecule has a relatively high fluorescence brightness and has a near-infrared (NIR) maximum emission at 820 nm after integrating as water-dispersible nanoparticles (OEFT NPs). Under 1720 nm excitation, OFET NPs show a large three-photon action cross-section of 1.06 × 10-82 cm6 s2/photon2, which is more than twice that of the commonly used sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) dye. Benefiting from the high tissue penetration depths for both the long excitation in the second NIR window of 1720 nm and the emission wavelength in the first NIR window of 820 nm, a high brightness, and a large action cross-section of three-photon, OFET NPs have good deep-brain imaging performance. Brain vasculatures of a mouse located at a depth of 1696 μm can be clearly resolved in vivo. With no observable cytotoxicity even in a high concentration, the present OFET NPs suggest that fluorescent π-conjugated oligomers are of great potential in high-resolution 3PM imaging of in vivo deep-tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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25
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Li J, Zhang Z, Deng X, Xu Z, Wang L, Xu G, Wang K, Wang D, Tang BZ. A potent luminogen with NIR-IIb excitable AIE features for ultradeep brain vascular and hemodynamic three-photon imaging. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121612. [PMID: 35671577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (3PEFM) has emerged as a promising protocol for visualizing deep-brain vasculature and hemodynamics. However, the current situation is still far from satisfactory, due to small excitation action cross-section and short excitation wavelength of those previously reported 3PEFM luminogens. Herein, we manipulated molecular engineering by subtly regulating structural planarization/twisting to achieve ingenious integration of large three-photon absorption cross-section, high fluorescence quantum yield, ultralong near-infrared IIb excitation, and aggregation-induced emission features. The resulting molecule, namely DPCZ-BT, exhibited as high as 50.6% of fluorescence quantum yield and as large as 2.0 × 10-81 cm6s2/photon2 of three-photon absorption cross-section, which can be excited by 1665 nm fs laser and presents a recorded penetration depth of 1860 μm for deep-brain vascular structural imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and signal-to-background ratio. Moreover, DPCZ-BT having good photostability and excellent biocompatibility is capable of impressively approaching 1600 μm depth in monitoring red blood cells flow velocity with extraordinary clarity for hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangao Li
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
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26
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Towards the non-invasive imaging of brain networks and functions at high resolution. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1582-1583. [PMID: 35697808 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Xu Z, Zhang Z, Deng X, Li J, Jiang Y, Law WC, Yang C, Zhang W, Chen X, Wang K, Wang D, Xu G. Deep-Brain Three-Photon Imaging Enabled by Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens with Near-Infrared-III Excitation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6712-6724. [PMID: 35293713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the morphology and hemodynamics of cerebral vasculature at large penetration depths and microscale resolution is fundamentally important to decipher brain diseases. Among the various imaging technologies, three-photon (3P) microscopy is of significance by virtue of its deep-penetrating capability and submicron resolution, which especially benefits in vivo vascular imaging. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been recognized to be extraordinarily powerful as 3P probes. However, systematic studies on the structure-performance relationship of 3P AIEgens have been seldom reported. Herein, a series of AIEgens has been designed and synthesized. By intentionally introducing benzene rings onto electron donors (D) and acceptors (A), the molecular distortion, conjugation strength, and the D-A relationship can be facilely manipulated. Upon encapsulation with DSPE-PEG2000, the optimized AIEgens are successfully applied for 3P microscopy with emission in the far-red/near-infrared-I (NIR-I, 700-950 nm) region under the near-infrared-III (NIR-III, 1600-1870 nm) excitation. Impressively, using mice with an opened skull, vasculature within 1700 μm and a microvessel with a diameter of 2.2 μm in deep mouse brain were clearly visualized. In addition, the hemodynamics of blood vessels were well-characterized. Thus, this work not only proposes a molecular design strategy of 3P AIEgens but also promotes the performance of 3P imaging in cerebral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiangao Li
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yihang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wanjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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28
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Zheng Z, Zhang H, Cao H, Gong J, He M, Gou X, Yang T, Wei P, Qian J, Xi W, Tang BZ. Intra- and Intermolecular Synergistic Engineering of Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens to Boost Three-Photon Absorption for Through-Skull Brain Imaging. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6444-6454. [PMID: 35357126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-photon fluorescence microscopic (3PFM) bioimaging is a promising imaging technique for visualizing the brain in its native environment thanks to its advantages of high spatial resolution and large imaging depth. However, developing fluorophores with strong three-photon absorption (3PA) and bright emission that meets the requirements for efficient three-photon fluorescence microscopic (3PFM) bioimaging is still challenging. Herein, four bright fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission features are facilely synthesized, and their powders exhibit high quantum yields of up to 56.4%. The intramolecular engineering of luminogens endows (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(7-(diphenylamino)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (DCBT) molecules with bright near-infrared emission and large 3PA cross sections of up to 1.57 × 10-78 cm6 s2 photon-2 at 1550 nm, which is boosted by 3.6-fold to 5.61 × 10-78 cm6 s2 photon-2 in DCBT dots benefiting from the extensive intermolecular interactions in molecular stacking. DCBT dots are successfully applied for 3PFM imaging of brain vasculature on mice with a removed or intact skull, providing images with high spatial resolution, and even small capillaries can be recognized below the skull. This study will inspire more insights for developing advanced multiphoton absorbing materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Junyi Gong
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Mubin He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexin Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Peifa Wei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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29
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Intravital three-photon microscopy allows visualization over the entire depth of mouse lymph nodes. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:330-340. [PMID: 35087231 PMCID: PMC9210714 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intravital confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy are powerful tools to explore the dynamic behavior of immune cells in mouse lymph nodes (LNs), with penetration depth of ~100 and ~300 μm, respectively. Here, we used intravital three-photon microscopy to visualize the popliteal LN through its entire depth (600-900 μm). We determined the laser average power and pulse energy that caused measurable perturbation in lymphocyte migration. Long-wavelength three-photon imaging within permissible parameters was able to image the entire LN vasculature in vivo and measure CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cell motility in the T cell zone over the entire depth of the LN. We observed that the motility of naive CD4+ T cells in the T cell zone during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation was dependent on depth. As such, intravital three-photon microscopy had the potential to examine immune cell behavior in the deeper regions of the LN in vivo.
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30
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Akbari N, Rebec MR, Xia F, Xu C. Imaging deeper than the transport mean free path with multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:452-463. [PMID: 35154884 PMCID: PMC8803047 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy enables deep in vivo imaging by using long excitation wavelengths to increase the penetration depth of ballistic photons and nonlinear excitation to suppress the out-of-focus fluorescence. However, the imaging depth of multiphoton microscopy is limited by tissue scattering and absorption. This fundamental depth limit for two-photon microscopy has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Long wavelength three-photon fluorescence microscopy was developed to image beyond the depth limit of two-photon microscopy and has achieved unprecedented in vivo imaging depth. Here we extend the theoretical framework for characterizing the depth limit of two-photon microscopy to three-photon microscopy. We further verify the theoretical predictions with experimental results from tissue phantoms. We demonstrate experimentally that high spatial resolution diffraction-limited imaging at a depth of 10 scattering mean free paths, which is nearly twice the transport mean free path, is possible with multiphoton microscopy. Our results indicate that the depth limit of three-photon microscopy is significantly beyond what has been achieved in biological tissues so far, and further technological development is required to reach the full potential of three-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Akbari
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mihailo R Rebec
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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31
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Abdelfattah AS, Ahuja S, Akkin T, Allu SR, Brake J, Boas DA, Buckley EM, Campbell RE, Chen AI, Cheng X, Čižmár T, Costantini I, De Vittorio M, Devor A, Doran PR, El Khatib M, Emiliani V, Fomin-Thunemann N, Fainman Y, Fernandez-Alfonso T, Ferri CGL, Gilad A, Han X, Harris A, Hillman EMC, Hochgeschwender U, Holt MG, Ji N, Kılıç K, Lake EMR, Li L, Li T, Mächler P, Miller EW, Mesquita RC, Nadella KMNS, Nägerl UV, Nasu Y, Nimmerjahn A, Ondráčková P, Pavone FS, Perez Campos C, Peterka DS, Pisano F, Pisanello F, Puppo F, Sabatini BL, Sadegh S, Sakadzic S, Shoham S, Shroff SN, Silver RA, Sims RR, Smith SL, Srinivasan VJ, Thunemann M, Tian L, Tian L, Troxler T, Valera A, Vaziri A, Vinogradov SA, Vitale F, Wang LV, Uhlířová H, Xu C, Yang C, Yang MH, Yellen G, Yizhar O, Zhao Y. Neurophotonic tools for microscopic measurements and manipulation: status report. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:013001. [PMID: 35493335 PMCID: PMC9047450 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.s1.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last seven years, Neurophotonics' agenda has been well aligned with this focus on neurotechnologies featuring new optical methods and tools applicable to brain studies. While the BRAIN Initiative 2.0 is pivoting towards applications of these novel tools in the quest to understand the brain, this status report reviews an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function that have emerged from the BRAIN Initiative and related large-scale efforts for measurement and manipulation of brain structure and function. Here, we focus on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies. A companion report, scheduled to appear later this year, will cover diffuse optical imaging methods applicable to noninvasive human studies. For each domain, we outline the current state-of-the-art of the respective technologies, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Abdelfattah
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Sapna Ahuja
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Taner Akkin
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua Brake
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, Claremont, California, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anderson I. Chen
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Costantini
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patrick R. Doran
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Natalie Fomin-Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yeshaiahu Fainman
- University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Tomas Fernandez-Alfonso
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. L. Ferri
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ariel Gilad
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute for Medical Research Israel–Canada, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xue Han
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew Harris
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Central Michigan University, Department of Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Na Ji
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evelyn M. R. Lake
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lei Li
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Tianqi Li
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- University of California Berkeley, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | | | - U. Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience University of Bordeaux & CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Petra Ondráčková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco S. Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Florence, Italy
| | - Citlali Perez Campos
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Francesca Puppo
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Bernardo L. Sabatini
- Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sanaz Sadegh
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shy Shoham
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sanaya N. Shroff
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R. Angus Silver
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth R. Sims
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Spencer L. Smith
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- New York University Langone Health, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lei Tian
- Boston University, Departments of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lin Tian
- University of California Davis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis, California, United States
| | - Thomas Troxler
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Antoine Valera
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, New York, New York, United States
- The Rockefeller University, The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chris Xu
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Changhuei Yang
- California Institute of Technology, Departments of Electrical Engineering, Bioengineering and Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Mu-Han Yang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Gary Yellen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Mizuta Y. Advances in Two-Photon Imaging in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1224-1230. [PMID: 34019083 PMCID: PMC8579158 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Live and deep imaging play a significant role in the physiological and biological study of organisms. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM), also known as multiphoton excitation microscopy, is a fluorescent imaging technique that allows deep imaging of living tissues. Two-photon lasers use near-infrared (NIR) pulse lasers that are less invasive and permit deep tissue penetration. In this review, recent advances in two-photon imaging and their applications in plant studies are discussed. Compared to confocal microscopy, NIR 2PEM exhibits reduced plant-specific autofluorescence, thereby achieving greater depth and high-resolution imaging in plant tissues. Fluorescent proteins with long emission wavelengths, such as orange-red fluorescent proteins, are particularly suitable for two-photon live imaging in plants. Furthermore, deep- and high-resolution imaging was achieved using plant-specific clearing methods. In addition to imaging, optical cell manipulations can be performed using femtosecond pulsed lasers at the single cell or organelle level. Optical surgery and manipulation can reveal cellular communication during development. Advances in in vivo imaging using 2PEM will greatly benefit biological studies in plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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33
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Keahey P, Si P, Razavi M, Yu S, Lippok N, Villiger M, Padera TP, de la Zerda A, Bouma B. Spectral- and Polarization-Dependent Scattering of Gold Nanobipyramids for Exogenous Contrast in Optical Coherence Tomography. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8595-8601. [PMID: 34644094 PMCID: PMC8555503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) reveals the subsurface microstructure of biological tissue and provides information regarding the polarization state of light backscattered from tissue. Complementing OCT's structural signal with molecular imaging requires strategies to simultaneously detect multiple exogenous contrast agents with high specificity in tissue. Specific detection of molecular probes enables the parallel visualization of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. Here we demonstrate that, by combining PS-OCT and spectral contrast (SC)-OCT measurements, we can distinguish signatures of different gold nanobipyramids (GNBPs) in lymphatic vessels from the surrounding tissue and blood vessels in live mouse models. This technique could well be extended to other anisotropic nanoparticle-based OCT contrast agents and presents significant progress toward enabling OCT molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelham Keahey
- Wellman
Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Email for P.K.:
| | - Peng Si
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mohammad Razavi
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Edwin
L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Shangjie Yu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Norman Lippok
- Wellman
Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman
Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Timothy P. Padera
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Edwin
L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Biophysics
Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- The
Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- The
Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Email for A.d.l.Z.:
| | - Brett Bouma
- Wellman
Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Institute
for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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34
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Wang K, Pan Y, Tong S, Liang H, Qiu P. Deep-skin multiphoton microscopy of lymphatic vessels excited at the 1700-nm window in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6474-6484. [PMID: 34745750 PMCID: PMC8548020 DOI: 10.1364/boe.437482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of lymphatic vessels is key to the understanding of their structure, function, and dynamics. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a potential technology for imaging lymphatic vessels, but tissue scattering prevents its deep penetration in skin. Here we demonstrate deep-skin MPM of the lymphatic vessels in mouse hindlimb in vivo, excited at the 1700 nm window. Our results show that with contrast provided by indocyanine green (ICG), 2-photon fluorescence (2PF) imaging enables noninvasive imaging of lymphatic vessels 300 μm below the skin surface, visualizing both its structure and contraction dynamics. Simultaneously acquired second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) images visualize the local environment in which the lymphatic vessels reside. After removing the surface skin layer, 2PF and THG imaging visualize finer structures of the lymphatic vessels: most notably, the label-free THG imaging visualizes lymphatic valves and their open-and-close dynamics in real time. MPM excited at the 1700-nm window thus provides a promising technology for the study of lymphatic vessels.
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35
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Yu T, Li D, Zhu D. Tissue Optical Clearing for Biomedical Imaging: From In Vitro to In Vivo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 3233:217-255. [PMID: 34053030 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This chapter firstly gives a brief introduction to mechanisms of tissue optical clearing techniques, from the physical mechanism to chemical mechanism, which is the most important foundation to develop tissue optical clearing methods. During the past years, in vitro and in vivo tissue optical clearing methods were developed. In vitro tissue optical clearing techniques, including the solvent-based clearing methods and the hydrophilic reagents-based clearing methods, combined with labeling technique and advanced microscopy, can be applied to image 3D microstructure of tissue blocks or whole organs such as brain and spinal cord with high resolution. In vivo skin or skull optical clearing, promise various optical imaging techniques to detect cutaneous or cortical cell and vascular structure and function without surgical window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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36
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Chen X, Cheng H, Deng X, Tong S, Li J, Qiu P, Wang K. Self-phase-modulated femtosecond laser source at 1603 nm and its application to deep-brain 3-photon microscopy in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000349. [PMID: 33179837 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
3-photon microscopy (3PM) excited at the 1700 nm window enables deep-tissue imaging in vivo, especially in brain. PC rod soliton source has previously been exclusively used as the excitation source, which is rather costly and difficult to align. Here we demonstrate a novel nonlinear optical technique to build femtosecond laser source at the 1700 nm window, based on self-phase modulation (SPM) in a short span of large-mode-area fiber. The spectral broadening experienced by the pump pulse leads to the generation of a red-shifted sidelobe at 1603 nm. After spectral filtering, this sidelobe corresponds to 170-fs, 167-nJ pulses at 1603 nm. Using this SPM source, we further demonstrate deep-brain 3 PM to a depth of 1500 μm below the mouse brain surface in vivo. Our SPM femtosecond laser source thus provides a cost effective and easy-to-align alternative excitation source to the PC rod soliton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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37
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Hontani Y, Xia F, Xu C. Multicolor three-photon fluorescence imaging with single-wavelength excitation deep in mouse brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3531. [PMID: 33731355 PMCID: PMC7968831 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique for deep-tissue observation of living cells. In particular, three-photon microscopy is highly beneficial for deep-tissue imaging because of the long excitation wavelength and the high nonlinear confinement in living tissues. Because of the large spectral separation of fluorophores of different color, multicolor three-photon imaging typically requires multiple excitation wavelengths. Here, we report a new three-photon excitation scheme: excitation to a higher-energy electronic excited state instead of the conventional excitation to the lowest-energy excited state, enabling multicolor three-photon fluorescence imaging with deep-tissue penetration in the living mouse brain using single-wavelength excitation. We further demonstrate that our excitation method results in ≥10-fold signal enhancement for some of the common red fluorescent molecules. The multicolor imaging capability and the possibility of enhanced three-photon excitation cross section will open new opportunities for life science applications of three-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Hontani
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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38
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Ravotto L, Meloni SL, Esipova TV, Masunov AE, Anna JM, Vinogradov SA. Three-Photon Spectroscopy of Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:11038-11050. [PMID: 33337890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in laser technology have made three-photon (3P) microscopy a real possibility, raising interest in the phenomenon of 3P absorption (3PA). Understanding 3PA of organic chromophores is especially important in view of those imaging applications that rely on exogenous probes, whose optical properties can be manipulated and optimized. Here, we present measurements and theoretical analysis of the degenerate 3PA spectra of several phosphorescent metalloporphyrins, which are used in the construction of biological oxygen probes. The effective 3PA cross sections (σ(3)) of these porphyrins near 1700 nm, a new promising biological optical window, were found to be on the order of 1000 GM3 (1 GM3 = 10-83 cm6 s2), therefore being among the highest values reported to date for organic chromophores. To interpret our data, we developed a qualitative four-state model specific for porphyrins and used it in conjunction with quantitative analysis based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)/a posteriori Tamm-Dancoff approximation (ATDA)/sum-over-states (SOS) formalism. The analysis revealed that B (Soret) state plays a key role in the enhancement of 3PA of porphyrins in the Q band region, while the low-lying two-photon (2P)-allowed gerade states interfere negatively and diminish the 3PA strength. This study features the first systematic examination of 3PA properties of porphyrins, suggesting ways to improve their performance and optimize them for imaging and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ravotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stephen L Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tatiana V Esipova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Artëm E Masunov
- NanoScience Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, and School of Modeling, Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States.,National Nuclear Research University MEPhI, Kashirskoye Shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russia.,South Ural State University, Lenin Pr. 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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39
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Liang Y, Walczak P. Long term intravital single cell tracking under multiphoton microscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 349:109042. [PMID: 33340557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing and tracking cells over time in a living organism has been a much-coveted dream before the invention of intravital microscopy. The opaque nature of tissue was a major hurdle that was remedied by the multiphoton microscopy. With the advancement of optical imaging and fluorescent labeling tools, intravital high resolution imaging has become increasingly accessible over the past few years. Long-term intravital tracking of single cells (LIST) under multiphoton microscopy provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the longitudinal changes in the morphology, migration, or function of cells or subcellular structures. It is particularly suitable for studying slow-evolving cellular and molecular events during normal development or disease progression, without losing the opportunity of catching fast events such as calcium signals. Here, we review the application of LIST under 2-photon microscopy in various fields of neurobiology and discuss challenges and new directions in labeling and imaging methods for LIST. Overall, this review provides an overview of current applications of LIST in mammals, which is an emerging field that will contribute to a better understanding of essential molecular and cellular events in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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40
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He C, Deng X, Pan Y, Tong S, Kang J, Li J, Qiu P, Wang K. 3-photon microscopy of myelin in mouse digital skin excited at the 1700-nm window. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000321. [PMID: 32969170 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Myelin is a key component of the peripheral nervous system, whose structure anomaly in the digital skin is implicated in neuropathy. Here we demonstrate an in vivo labeling and imaging technique, capable of visualizing myelin sheaths deep in the mouse digital skin. Through material characterization, we verify that 3-photon fluorescence (3PF) can be generated from a commonly used dye- FluoroMyelin Red for labeling myelin, excited at the 1700-nm window. Topical injection of FluoroMyelin Red in the mouse digit leads to bright labeling of myelin sheaths. Harnessing the deep-penetration capability of 3-photon microscopy excited at the 1700-nm window, we demonstrate that 3PF imaging of FluoroMyelin Red-labeled myelin sheaths in the mouse digit in vivo can be achieved to a depth 340 μm below the skin surface, revealing both branching bundle of and individual myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Kang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Deng X, He C, Cheng H, Li J, Lu Y, Qiu P, Wang K. Measurement of two-photon properties of indocyanine green in water and human plasma excited at the 1700-nm window. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000299. [PMID: 33026179 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a human compatible dye and is ideal for deep-tissue two-photon fluorescence (2PF) microscopy excited at the 1700-nm window in vivo. However, the two-photon excitation and emission properties of this dye remain unknown. Here we demonstrate measurement of the two-photon excitation and emission properties of ICG in both water and human plasma, using home-built two-photon action cross-sectional measurement and two-photon emission spectrum measurement systems. Our results show that excited from 1600 to 1800 nm, 2PF can be generated from ICG dissolved in both water and human plasma. The measured two-photon action cross-sectional ησ2 of ICG dissolved in human plasma is an order-of-magnitude larger than that dissolved in water. The measured two-photon emission spectrum overlaps with the one-photon emission spectrum for ICG dissolved in both human plasma and water. Our results will provide key two-photon parameters for the clinical use of ICG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Sixth Hospital of Shenzhen University (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Li DY, Zheng Z, Yu TT, Tang BZ, Fei P, Qian J, Zhu D. Visible-near infrared-II skull optical clearing window for in vivo cortical vasculature imaging and targeted manipulation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000142. [PMID: 32589789 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Skull optical clearing window permits us to perform in vivo cortical imaging without craniotomy, but mainly limits to visible (vis)-near infrared (NIR)-I light imaging. If the skull optical clearing window is available for NIR-II, the imaging depth will be further enhanced. Herein, we developed a vis-NIR-II skull optical clearing agents with deuterium oxide instead of water, which could make the skull transparent in the range of visible to NIR-II. Using a NIR-II excited third harmonic generation microscope, the cortical vasculature of mice could be clearly distinguished even at the depth of 650 μm through the vis-NIR-II skull clearing window. The imaging depth after clearing is close to that without skull, and increases by three times through turbid skull. Furthermore, the new skull optical clearing window promises to realize NIR-II laser-induced targeted injury of cortical single vessel. This work enhances the ability of NIR-II excited nonlinear imaging techniques for accessing to cortical neurovasculature in deep tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ben-Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Fu X, Sompol P, Brandon JA, Norris CM, Wilkop T, Johnson LA, Richards CI. In Vivo Single-Molecule Detection of Nanoparticles for Multiphoton Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy to Quantify Cerebral Blood Flow. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6135-6141. [PMID: 32628854 PMCID: PMC8405275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the application of multiphoton in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) of fluorescent nanoparticles for the measurement of cerebral blood flow with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Through the detection of single nanoparticles within the complex vessel architecture of a live mouse, this new approach enables the quantification of nanoparticle dynamics occurring within the vasculature along with simultaneous measurements of blood flow properties in the brain. In addition to providing high resolution blood flow measurements, this approach enables real-time quantification of nanoparticle concentration, degradation, and transport. This method is capable of quantifying flow rates at each pixel with submicron resolution to enable monitoring of dynamic changes in flow rates in response to changes in the animal's physiological condition. Scanning the excitation beam using FCS provides pixel by pixel mapping of flow rates with subvessel resolution across capillaries 300 μm deep in the brains of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jason A Brandon
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Thomas Wilkop
- Light Microscopy Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Christopher I Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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Wang T, Wu C, Ouzounov DG, Gu W, Xia F, Kim M, Yang X, Warden MR, Xu C. Quantitative analysis of 1300-nm three-photon calcium imaging in the mouse brain. eLife 2020; 9:53205. [PMID: 31999253 PMCID: PMC7028383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1300 nm three-photon calcium imaging has emerged as a useful technique to allow calcium imaging in deep brain regions. Application to large-scale neural activity imaging entails a careful balance between recording fidelity and perturbation to the sample. We calculated and experimentally verified the excitation pulse energy to achieve the minimum photon count required for the detection of calcium transients in GCaMP6s-expressing neurons for 920 nm two-photon and 1320 nm three-photon excitation. By considering the combined effects of in-focus signal attenuation and out-of-focus background generation, we quantified the cross-over depth beyond which three-photon microscopy outpeforms two-photon microscopy in recording fidelity. Brain tissue heating by continuous three-photon imaging was simulated with Monte Carlo method and experimentally validated with immunohistochemistry. Increased immunoreactivity was observed with 150 mW excitation power at 1 and 1.2 mm imaging depths. Our analysis presents a translatable model for the optimization of three-photon calcium imaging based on experimentally tractable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chunyan Wu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Dimitre G Ouzounov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Fei Xia
- Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Xusan Yang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Melissa R Warden
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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