Correlation between Optical Activity and the Helical Molecular Orbitals of Allene and Cumulenes

Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Poly(allenamer)s by Powerful Cyclic-Alkyl-Amino-Carbene (CAAC) Ruthenium Catalysts and Facile Post-modification

Cyclic polymers are very attractive due to their unique properties; however, so far, they have simple and less reactive backbone structures due to synthetic limitations, restricting their further post-modification. Notably, allenes present a potentially useful platform in polymer chemistry due to their well-established toolbox in organic chemistry. Nevertheless, the biggest challenge remains in synthesizing poly(allenamer)s with high allene contents or polymerization efficiency, as well as synthesizing different types of cyclic poly(allenamer)s. Herein, we synthesized linear and cyclic poly(allenamer)s via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), employing highly efficient cyclic-alkyl-amino-carbene (CAAC) ruthenium catalysts. Mechanistic studies suggested CAAC ligands enhanced stability of propagating Ru vinylidene, enabling various linear and cyclic poly(allenamer)s with turnover number up to 1360 and molecular weight reaching 549 kDa. Their cyclic architecture was thoroughly characterized by multiangle light scattering size-exclusion chromatography (MALS SEC) with viscometer. Moreover, controlled ROMP of a highly reactive α-substituted cyclic allene was achieved using third-generation Grubbs' catalyst. Finally, we demonstrated highly efficient and selective post-modifications on poly(allenamer)s with primary and secondary alcohols. This broadens the scope of cyclic polymers with improved efficiency and structural control, affording a practical platform for diverse macromolecules.

Chemical structures of polyketides and alkaloids isolated from a culture of fungus Curvularia moringae

Seven new polyketides [moringols I-VII (1-7)], a new alkaloid [moringamine I (8)], and seven known compounds (9-15) were isolated from the fungus Curvularia moringae JKYM-KR4. The planar chemical structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and DP4+ analysis using the calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts. For moringols I and II (1 and 2), the planar chemical structures and relative configurations were confirmed using X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 1-6 and 8 were determined by ECD calculations. Among the isolated compounds, terpestacin (14) moderately inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells.

Counterintuitive Isomerization of TFSI- and TFSI--Cation Correlated Isomerization: Insights into the Low Melting Points of TFSI--Based Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs), particularly bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (TFSI-)-based ILs, have attracted substantial attention in electrochemical energy storage, ionic gating for superconductivity, and iontronic sensing. However, underestimating TFSI- isomerization and overlooking TFSI--cation correlation make the origin of their most characteristic property, low melting points (Tm), ambiguous. Traditional static electronic structure calculations assume that C2-symmetric trans enantiomers of TFSI- easily isomerize into cis enantiomers through four symmetrically equivalent pathways over a barrier of 7.1 kJ mol-1. Herein, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations combined with metadynamics reveal that the unusual oscillation of the central nitrogen atom promotes TFSI- to undergo complex isomerization. Specifically, asymmetric trans-to-cis diastereomers of TFSI- experience restricted interconversion (20-52 kJ mol-1) through four distinct asymmetric pathways. The adaptive oscillation and hybridization of chiral nitrogen boost nN → σ*S-C negative hyperconjugation for stabilizing conformational structures and enlarging energy barriers. The orientational distortion of oxygen atoms' lone pairs enhances conjugation but breaks the C2-symmetry. The coexistence of both helicity and chiral nitrogen breaks the enantiomeric relationship. Furthermore, Raman characterization and AIMD simulations confirm the positive correlation between the relative stability of cis-TFSI- and its countercation's polarity. TFSI- and countercations make a mutual conformational selection instead of free isomerization. Surprisingly, Tm increases with the cation-dependent conformational rigidity of TFSI-, offering new fundamental insights into the low Tm of ILs. This descriptor encoding the dependence of thermal property on cation-anion correlated isomerization provides material design guidelines and property prediction capability.

Chiral Jahn-Teller Distortion in Quasi-Planar Boron Clusters

In this work, we have observed that some chiral boron clusters (B16-, B20-, B24-, and B28-) can simultaneously have helical molecular orbitals and helical spin densities; these seem to be the first compounds discovered to have this intriguing property. We show that chiral Jahn-Teller distortion of quasi-planar boron clusters drives the formation of the helical molecular spin densities in these clusters and show that elongation/enhancement in helical molecular orbitals can be achieved by simply adding more building blocks via a linker. Aromaticity of these boron clusters is discussed. Chiral boron clusters may find potential applications in spintronics, such as molecular magnets.

Comparative rotatory power of bent and twisted polyynes

Linear polyynes of the formula C18 H2 (symmetry D∞h ) were bent in silico by progressively introducing CCC angles less than 180°. The bent structures (symmetry C2v ) were then twisted by introducing torsion angles across the CCCC segments by as much as 60°. The gyration tensors of these 19 structures (linear, bent, and twisted) were computed by linear response methods. Bending is massively generative of optical activity in oriented structures, even achiral structures, whereas twisting in conjunction with bending, serves to linearize the molecules and diminish maximally observable optical activity. This computational exercise is intended to unbind the infelicitous linkage of optical activity and chirality, which is only meaningful in isotropic media. Although bent structures are not optically active in solution-the spatial average of the optical activity is necessarily zero-solution measurements that deliver the spatial averages are a special class of measurements, albeit the overwhelmingly most common chiroptical measurements, that prejudice our common understanding of how π-conjugated structures generate gyration. Bending is far more effective than twisting at generating optical activity along some directions for oriented structures. The respective contributions from the transition electric dipole-magnetic dipole polarizability and the transition electric dipole-electric quadrupole polarizability are compared.

Jahn-Teller effects in initial and final states: high-resolution X-ray absorption, photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy of allene

Carbon K-edge resonant Auger spectra of gas-phase allene following excitation of the pre-edge 1s → π* transitions are presented and analysed with the support of EOM-CCSD/cc-pVTZ calculations. X-Ray absorption (XAS), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), valence band and non-resonant Auger spectra are also reanalysed with a series of computational approaches. The results presented demonstrate the importance of including nuclear ensemble effects for simulating X-ray observables and as an effective strategy for capturing Jahn-Teller effects in spectra.

Stereochemistry of Chiral 2-Substituted Chromanes: Twist of the Dihydropyran Ring and Specific Optical Rotation

Chiral 2-substituted chromanes are important substructures in organic synthesis and appear in numerous natural products. Herein, the correlation between specific optical rotations (SORs) and the stereochemistry at C2 of chiral 2-substituted chromanes was investigated through data mining, quantum-chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT), and mechanistic analyses. For 2-aliphatic (including acyloxy and alkenyl) chromanes, the P-helicity of the dihydropyran ring usually corresponds to a positive SOR; however, 2-aryl chromanes with P-helicity tend to exhibit negative SORs. 2-Carboxyl (including alkoxycarbonyl and carbonyl) chromanes often display small experimental SORs, and theoretical calculations for them are prone to error because of the fluctuating conformational distribution with computational parameters. Several typical compounds were discussed, including detailed descriptions of the asymmetric synthesis, absolute configuration (AC) assignment methods, and systematic conformational analysis. We hope this work will enrich the knowledge of the stereochemistry of chiral 2-substituted chromanes.

Helical versus linear Jahn–Teller distortions in allene and spiropentadiene radical cations

The allene radical cation can be stabilized both by Jahn–Teller distortion of the bond lengths and by torsion of the end-groups.

Quantification of the Helicality of Helical Molecular Orbitals

The frontier molecular orbital (MO) topology of linear carbon molecules, such as polyynes, can be visually identified as helices. However, there is no clear way to quantify the helical curvature of these π-MOs, and it is thus challenging to quantify correlations between the helical curvature and molecular properties. In this paper, we develop a method that enables us to compute the helical curvature of MOs based on their nodal planes. Using this method, we define a robust way of quantifying the helical nature of MOs (helicality) by their deviation from a perfect helix. We explore several limiting cases, including polyynes, metallacumulenes, cyclic allenes, and spiroconjugated systems, where the change in helical curvature is subtle yet clearly highlighted with this method. For example, we show that strain only has a minor effect on the helicality of the frontier orbitals of cycloallenes and that the MOs of spiroconjugated systems are close to perfect helices around the spiro-carbon. Our work provides a well-defined method for assessing orbital helicality beyond visual inspection of MO isosurfaces, thus paving the way for future studies of how the helicality of π-MOs affects molecular properties.

Helical electronic transitions of spiroconjugated molecules

The π–π* transitions of disubstituted spiropentadiene become helical due to mixing of its two perpendicular π-systems. The helicity is symmetry-protected and gives rise to experimentally observable effects, such as optical activity.