1
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Fonseca D, Alves PM, Neto E, Custódio B, Guimarães S, Moura D, Annis F, Martins M, Gomes A, Teixeira C, Gomes P, Pereira RF, Freitas P, Parreira P, Martins MCL. One-Pot Microfluidics to Engineer Chitosan Nanoparticles Conjugated with Antimicrobial Peptides Using "Photoclick" Chemistry: Validation Using the Gastric Bacterium Helicobacter pylori. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14533-14547. [PMID: 38482690 PMCID: PMC10982938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Surface bioconjugation of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) onto nanoparticles (AMP-NP) is a complex, multistep, and time-consuming task. Herein, a microfluidic system for the one-pot production of AMP-NP was developed. Norbornene-modified chitosan was used for NP production (NorChit-NP), and thiolated-AMP was grafted on their surface via thiol-norbornene "photoclick" chemistry over exposure of two parallel UV LEDs. The MSI-78A was the AMP selected due to its high activity against a high priority (level 2) antibiotic-resistant gastric pathogen: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). AMP-NP (113 ± 43 nm; zeta potential 14.3 ± 7 mV) were stable in gastric settings without a cross-linker (up to 5 days in pH 1.2) and bactericidal against two highly pathogenic H. pylori strains (1011 NP/mL with 96 μg/mL MSI-78A). Eradication was faster for H. pylori 26695 (30 min) than for H. pylori J99 (24 h), which was explained by the lower minimum bactericidal concentration of soluble MSI-78A for H. pylori 26695 (32 μg/mL) than for H. pylori J99 (128 μg/mL). AMP-NP was bactericidal by inducing H. pylori cell membrane alterations, intracellular reorganization, generation of extracellular vesicles, and leakage of cytoplasmic contents (transmission electron microscopy). Moreover, NP were not cytotoxic against two gastric cell lines (AGS and MKN74, ATCC) at bactericidal concentrations. Overall, the designed microfluidic setup is a greener, simpler, and faster approach than the conventional methods to obtain AMP-NP. This technology can be further explored for the bioconjugation of other thiolated-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana
R. Fonseca
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de
Materiais, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Alves
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de
Materiais, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Custódio
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS−Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guimarães
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Moura
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de
Materiais, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Annis
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Martins
- INL, International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mte. José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS−Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas
- INL, International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mte. José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- INESC-MN,
INESC Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Parreira
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Cristina L. Martins
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS−Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Moon SH, Hwang HJ, Jeon HR, Park SJ, Bae IS, Yang YJ. Photocrosslinkable natural polymers in tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127757. [PMID: 36970625 PMCID: PMC10037533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely used in scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity compared to synthetic polymers. Despite these advantages, there remain drawbacks such as unsatisfying mechanical properties or low processability, which hinder natural tissue substitution. Several non-covalent or covalent crosslinking methods induced by chemicals, temperatures, pH, or light sources have been suggested to overcome these limitations. Among them, light-assisted crosslinking has been considered as a promising strategy for fabricating microstructures of scaffolds. This is due to the merits of non-invasiveness, relatively high crosslinking efficiency via light penetration, and easily controllable parameters, including light intensity or exposure time. This review focuses on photo-reactive moieties and their reaction mechanisms, which are widely exploited along with natural polymer and its tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyung Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yun Jung Yang,
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3
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Thirupathi K, Raorane CJ, Ramkumar V, Ulagesan S, Santhamoorthy M, Raj V, Krishnakumar GS, Phan TTV, Kim SC. Update on Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Applications. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010035. [PMID: 36661802 PMCID: PMC9858335 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a prominent biopolymer in research for of its physicochemical properties and uses. Each year, the number of publications based on chitosan and its derivatives increases. Because of its comprehensive biological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and tissue regeneration activities, chitosan and its derivatives can be used to prevent and treat soft tissue diseases. Furthermore, chitosan can be employed as a nanocarrier for therapeutic drug delivery. In this review, we will first discuss chitosan and chitosan-based hydrogel polymers. The structure, functionality, and physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based hydrogels are addressed. Second, a variety of characterization approaches were used to analyze and validate the physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based hydrogel materials. Finally, we discuss the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal uses of supramolecular chitosan-based hydrogels. This review study can be used as a base for future research into the production of various types of chitosan-based hydrogels in the antibacterial and antifungal fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokila Thirupathi
- Department of Physics, Sri Moogambigai College of Arts and Science for Women, Palacode 636808, India
| | | | - Vanaraj Ramkumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Selvakumari Ulagesan
- Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Vinit Raj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (T.T.V.P.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Gopal Shankar Krishnakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Thi Tuong Vy Phan
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (T.T.V.P.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (T.T.V.P.); (S.-C.K.)
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4
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Lu DQ, Liu D, Liu J, Li WX, Ai Y, Wang J, Guan D. Facile synthesis of chitosan-based nanogels through photo-crosslinking for doxorubicin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:335-345. [PMID: 35870629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanogels are effective carriers for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the chemically cross-linked nanogels usually require complicated procedures or tough conditions. Herein, we report a simple approach to generate chitosan-based nanogels by photo-crosslinking of poor solvent-induced nanoaggregates without requiring any emulsifying agent, catalyst, or external crosslinker. O-nitrobenzyl alcohol-modified carboxymethyl chitosan was synthesized and self-crosslinked into the nanogels in a mixed solution of ethanol and water under 365 nm light irradiation due to UV-induced primary amine and o-nitrobenzyl alcohol cyclization. The nanogels (CMC-NBA NPs) and lactobionic acid-decorated nanogels (LACMC-NBA NPs) displayed a uniform diameter (~200 nm) and excellent stability under physiological conditions. Notably, the nanogels exhibited a high loading content (~28 %) due to π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions between doxorubicin (DOX) and the carriers. These DOX-loaded nanogels showed rapid drug release under slightly acidic conditions. The cell and animal experiments confirmed that LACMC-NBA NPs increased cellular uptake, improved cytotoxicity in tumor cells, and enhanced growth inhibition in vivo than CMC-NBA NPs. Thus, these photo-crosslinked nanogels possess great potential for DOX delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Qiang Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Justin Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yilong Ai
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Daogang Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China.
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5
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Tien ND, Geng T, Heyward CA, Reseland JE, Lyngstadaas SP, Blaker JJ, Haugen HJ. Solution blow spinning of highly deacetylated chitosan nanofiber scaffolds for dermal wound healing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212871. [PMID: 35929246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible fibrous scaffolds based on highly deacetylated chitosan were fabricated using high-throughput solution blow spinning. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the chitosan nanofiber scaffolds had ultrafine and continuous fibers (300-1200 nm) with highly interconnected porous structures (30-75% porosity), mimicking some aspects of the native extracellular matrix in skin tissue. Post-treatment of as-spun nanofibers with aqueous potassium carbonate solution resulted in a fibrous scaffold with a high chitosan content that retained its fibrous structural integrity for cell culture. Analysis of the mechanical properties of the chitosan nanofiber scaffolds in both dry and wet conditions showed that their strength and durability were sufficient for wound dressing applications. Significantly, the wet scaffold underwent remarkable elastic deformation during stretch such that the elongation at break dramatically increased to up to 44% of its original length, showing wavy fiber morphology near the break site. The culture of normal human dermal fibroblast cells onto scaffolds for 1-14 days demonstrated that the scaffolds were highly compatible and a suitable platform for cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. Secretion profiles of wound healing-related proteins to the cell culture medium demonstrated that chitosan fibers were a promising scaffold for wound healing applications. Overall, the dense fibrous network with high porosity of the chitosan nanofiber scaffold and their mechanical properties indicate that they could be used to design and fabricate new materials that mimic the epidermis layer of natural skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen D Tien
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tianxiang Geng
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine A Heyward
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny J Blaker
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Materials and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Schumacher L, Siemsen K, Appiah C, Rajput S, Heitmann A, Selhuber-Unkel C, Staubitz A. A Co-Polymerizable Linker for the Covalent Attachment of Fibronectin Makes pHEMA Hydrogels Cell-Adhesive. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050258. [PMID: 35621556 PMCID: PMC9140594 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials because their chemical and mechanical properties can be tailored to mimic those of biological tissues. However, many hydrogels do not allow cell or protein attachment. Therefore, they are post-synthetically functionalized by adding functional groups for protein binding, which then allows cell adhesion in cell culture substrates. However, the degree of functionalization and covalent binding is difficult to analyze in these cases. Moreover, the density of the functional groups and the homogeneity of their distribution is hard to control. This work introduces another strategy for the biofunctionalization of hydrogels: we synthesized a polymerizable linker that serves as a direct junction between the polymeric structure and cell adhesion proteins. This maleimide-containing, polymerizable bio-linker was copolymerized with non-functionalized monomers to produce a bioactive hydrogel based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). Therefore, the attachment site was only controlled by the polymerization process and was thus uniformly distributed throughout the hydrogel. In this way, the bio-conjugation by a protein-binding thiol-maleimide Michael-type reaction was possible in the entire hydrogel matrix. This approach enabled a straightforward and highly effective biofunctionalization of pHEMA with the adhesion protein fibronectin. The bioactivity of the materials was demonstrated by the successful adhesion of fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schumacher
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Siemsen
- Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Clement Appiah
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sunil Rajput
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anne Heitmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.S.-U.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-6221-544935 (C.S.-U.); +49-4212-186-3210 (A.S.)
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.S.-U.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-6221-544935 (C.S.-U.); +49-4212-186-3210 (A.S.)
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7
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Stojkov G, Niyazov Z, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Relationship between Structure and Rheology of Hydrogels for Various Applications. Gels 2021; 7:255. [PMID: 34940315 PMCID: PMC8700820 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have gained a lot of attention with their widespread use in different industrial applications. The versatility in the synthesis and the nature of the precursor reactants allow for a varying range of hydrogels with different mechanical and rheological properties. Understanding of the rheological behavior and the relationship between the chemical structure and the resulting properties is crucial, and is the focus of this review. Specifically, we include detailed discussion on the correlation between the rheological characteristics of hydrogels and their possible applications. Different rheological tests such as time, temperature and frequency sweep, among others, are described and the results of those tests are reported. The most prevalent applications of hydrogels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.); (Z.N.); (F.P.)
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8
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Wang X, Liu Y, Yan L. On Thiol‐Ene Radical Coupling Reaction when Synthesis of ABCL
2
Type Heteroarm Star Copolymer Containing PDPA Arm. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
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9
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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10
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Gao Y, Peng K, Mitragotri S. Covalently Crosslinked Hydrogels via Step-Growth Reactions: Crosslinking Chemistries, Polymers, and Clinical Impact. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006362. [PMID: 33988273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high-water content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels have made a great clinical impact in past years because of their desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structural and chemical properties. Various polymers and step-growth crosslinking chemistries are harnessed for fabricating such covalently crosslinked hydrogels for translational research. However, selecting appropriate crosslinking chemistries and polymers for the intended clinical application is time-consuming and challenging. It requires the integration of polymer chemistry knowledge with thoughtful crosslinking reaction design. This task becomes even more challenging when other factors such as the biological mechanisms of the pathology, practical administration routes, and regulatory requirements add additional constraints. In this review, key features of crosslinking chemistries and polymers commonly used for preparing translatable hydrogels are outlined and their performance in biological systems is summarized. The examples of effective polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations that have yielded clinically approved hydrogel products are specifically highlighted. These hydrogel design parameters in the context of the regulatory process and clinical translation barriers, providing a guideline for the rational selection of polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations to construct hydrogels with high translational potential are further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Gao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Peng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Michel SES, Rogers SE, Briscoe WH, Galan MC. Tunable Thiol-Ene Photo-Cross-Linked Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8075-8083. [PMID: 35019547 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Access to biocompatible hydrogels with tunable properties is of great interest in biomedical applications. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of photo-cross-linked chitosan hydrogels from norbornene-functionalized chitosan (CS-nb) and various thiolated cross-linkers. The resulting materials were characterized by NMR, swelling ratio, rheology, SEM, and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The hydrogels exhibited pH- and salt-dependent swelling, while the macro- and microscale properties could be modulated by the choice and degree of cross-linker or the polymer concentration. The materials could be molded in situ and loaded with small molecules that can be released overtime. Moreover, the incorporation of collagen in the hydrogels drastically improved cell adhesion, with excellent viabilities of human dermofibroblast cells on the hydrogels observed for up to 6 days, highlighting the potential use of these materials in the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E S Michel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Sharma B, Clem CM, Diaz Perez A, Striegler S. Antimicrobial Activity of Microgels with an Immobilized Copper(II) Complex Linked to Cross-Linking and Composition. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7611-7619. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babloo Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 345 North Campus Drive, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Carlie M. Clem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 345 North Campus Drive, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Alda Diaz Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 345 North Campus Drive, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Susanne Striegler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 345 North Campus Drive, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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13
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Han Z, Zhou P, Duan C. Extremely stretchable, stable and antibacterial double network organogels based on hydrogen bonding interaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Michel SSE, Kilner A, Eloi JC, Rogers SE, Briscoe WH, Galan MC. Norbornene-Functionalized Chitosan Hydrogels and Microgels via Unprecedented Photoinitiated Self-Assembly for Potential Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5253-5262. [PMID: 35021700 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Access to biocompatible self-assembled gels and microgels is of great interests for a variety of biological applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. Here, the facile synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels of norbornene (nb)-functionalized chitosan (CS-nb) via UV-triggered self-assembly in the presence of Irgacure 2959 (IRG) is reported. The in vitro stable hydrogels are injectable and showed pH-responsive swelling behavior, while their structure and mechanical properties could be tuned by tailoring the stereochemistry of the norbornene derivative (e.g., endo- or -exo). Interestingly, unlike other nb-type hydrogels, the gels possess nanopores within their structure, which might lead to potential drug delivery applications. A gelation mechanism was proposed based on hydrophobic interactions following the combination of IRG on norbornene, as supported by 1H NMR. This self-assembly mechanism was used to access microgels of size 100-150 nm, which could be further functionalized and showed no significant toxicity to human dermofibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S E Michel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS81TS, U.K
| | - Alice Kilner
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS81TS, U.K
| | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- Chemical Imaging Facility, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS81TS, U.K
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS81TS, U.K
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS81TS, U.K
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15
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Advances in chitosan-based hydrogels: Evolution from covalently crosslinked systems to ionotropically crosslinked superabsorbents. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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