1
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Gupta N, Saha S. Polymer-Based Designer Particles as Drug Carriers: Strategies to Construct and Modify. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2025. [PMID: 40405643 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
Biological barriers present remarkable challenges for therapeutics delivery, requiring an advanced drug delivery system that can navigate through the complex physiological environment. Polymeric particles provide remarkable versatility due to their adaptable physiochemical properties, facilitating new designs that address complex delivery issues. This review focuses on recent advancements in the morphology of polymeric particles that emulate biological barriers to improve drug efficacy. It includes how structural engineering─such as designing rod-shaped particles for improved cellular uptake, red-blood-cell-shaped particles for prolonged circulation, worm-shaped carriers for improved tissue penetration, and multicompartmental systems for providing combination therapies─profoundly alters drug delivery capabilities. These designer particles exhibit enhanced target specificity, controlled release kinetics, and improved therapeutic outcomes relative to traditional spherical carriers. This particular review also emphasizes how a combination of polymer chemistry and fabrication methods facilitates achieving these advanced structures, while highlighting ongoing challenges in scale-up, reproducibility, and clinical translations. Through the analysis of structure-functional property correlations in various biomimetic designs, we have also attempted to provide insight into future advancements in polymeric delivery systems that have the potential to transform treatment strategies for complicated diseases via shape-directed biological interactions for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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2
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Damus BJ, Amaeze NR, Yoo E, Kaur G. Ethoxy Acetalated Dextran-Based Biomaterials for Therapeutic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2756. [PMID: 39408467 PMCID: PMC11479160 DOI: 10.3390/polym16192756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel class of pH-responsive polymers, acetalated dextran, has emerged in the field of biomaterials. These versatile materials are derived from dextran through a simple acetalation reaction, allowing for the creation of polymers with a tunable release profile which allows the controlled release of encapsulated therapeutics in response to acidic environments. Despite their recent introduction, acetalated dextran has rapidly garnered significant interest due to its potential for various therapeutic applications. This review delves specifically into the recent advancements of ethoxy acetalated dextran or Ace-DEX, a particular acetalated dextran with a distinct advantage: its degradation products (acetone and ethanol) are less toxic compared to other variants that produce methanol. The focus of this review is the diverse range of biomedical applications currently being explored for Ace-DEX-based scaffolds. Finally, this review concludes by addressing the existing challenges associated with Ace-DEX and outlining potential future research directions within this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden Joshua Damus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Nzube Ruth Amaeze
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, & Bioengineering, North Caroline Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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3
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Janes ME, Park KS, Gottlieb AP, Curreri A, Adebowale K, Kim J, Mitragotri S. Dendritic Cell Immune Modulation via Polyphenol Membrane Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28070-28079. [PMID: 38779939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellular hitchhiking is an emerging strategy for the in vivo control of adoptively transferred immune cells. Hitchhiking approaches are primarily mediated by adhesion of nano and microparticles to the cell membrane, which conveys an ability to modulate transferred cells via local drug delivery. Although T cell therapies employing this strategy have progressed into the clinic, phagocytic cells including dendritic cells (DCs) are much more challenging to engineer. DC vaccines hold great potential for a spectrum of diseases, and the combination drug delivery is an attractive strategy to manipulate their function and overcome in vivo plasticity. However, DCs are not compatible with current hitchhiking approaches due to their broad phagocytic capacity. In this work, we developed and validated META (membrane engineering using tannic acid) to enable DC cellular hitchhiking for the first time. META employs the polyphenol tannic acid (TA) to facilitate supramolecular assembly of protein drug cargoes on the cell membrane, enabling the creation of cell surface-bound formulations for local drug delivery to carrier DCs. We optimized META formulations to incorporate and release protein cargoes with varying physical properties alone and in combination and to preserve DC viability and critical functions such as migration. We further show that META loaded with either a pro- or anti-inflammatory cargo can influence the carrier cell phenotype, thus demonstrating the flexibility of the approach for applications from cancer to autoimmune disease. Overall, this approach illustrates a new platform for the local control of phagocytic immune cells as a next step to advance DC therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Janes
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander P Gottlieb
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander Curreri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kolade Adebowale
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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4
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Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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5
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Kamaraj M, Moghimi N, Chen J, Morales R, Chen S, Khademhosseini A, John JV. New dimensions of electrospun nanofiber material designs for biotechnological uses. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:631-647. [PMID: 38158307 PMCID: PMC11065627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrospinning technology has garnered wide attention over the past few decades in various biomedical applications including drug delivery, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. This technology can create nanofibers with tunable fiber diameters and functionalities. However, the 2D membrane nature of the nanofibers, as well as the rigidity and low porosity of electrospun fibers, lower their efficacy in tissue repair and regeneration. Recently, new avenues have been explored to resolve the challenges associated with 2D electrospun nanofiber membranes. This review discusses recent trends in creating different electrospun nanofiber microstructures from 2D nanofiber membranes by using various post-processing methods, as well as their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kamaraj
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Nafiseh Moghimi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Ramon Morales
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | - Johnson V John
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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6
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Kudryavtseva V, Sukhorukov GB. Features of Anisotropic Drug Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307675. [PMID: 38158786 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural materials are anisotropic. Delivery systems occurring in nature, such as viruses, blood cells, pollen, and many others, do have anisotropy, while delivery systems made artificially are mostly isotropic. There is apparent complexity in engineering anisotropic particles or capsules with micron and submicron sizes. Nevertheless, some promising examples of how to fabricate particles with anisotropic shapes or having anisotropic chemical and/or physical properties are developed. Anisotropy of particles, once they face biological systems, influences their behavior. Internalization by the cells, flow in the bloodstream, biodistribution over organs and tissues, directed release, and toxicity of particles regardless of the same chemistry are all reported to be factors of anisotropy of delivery systems. Here, the current methods are reviewed to introduce anisotropy to particles or capsules, including loading with various therapeutic cargo, variable physical properties primarily by anisotropic magnetic properties, controlling directional motion, and making Janus particles. The advantages of combining different anisotropy in one entity for delivery and common problems and limitations for fabrication are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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7
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Batty CJ, Pena ES, Amouzougan EA, Moore KM, Ainslie KM, Bachelder EM. Humoral Response to the Acetalated Dextran M2e Vaccine is Enhanced by Antigen Surface Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1447-1458. [PMID: 37458383 PMCID: PMC11654056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A virus causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide every year and poses a constant threat of an emergent pandemic. Seasonal influenza vaccination strategies fail to provide complete protection against infection due to antigenic drift and shift. A universal vaccine targeting a conserved influenza epitope could substantially improve current vaccination strategies. The ectodomain of the matrix 2 protein (M2e) of influenza is a highly conserved epitope between virus strains but is also poorly immunogenic. Administration of M2e and the immunostimulatory stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist 3'3'-cyclic guanosine-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) encapsulated in microparticles made of acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) has previously been shown to be effective for increasing the immunogenicity of M2e, primarily through T-cell-mediated responses. Here, the immunogenicity of Ace-DEX MPs delivering M2e was further improved by conjugating the M2e peptide to the particle surface in an effort to affect B-cell responses more directly. Conjugated or encapsulated M2e co-administered with Ace-DEX MPs containing cGAMP were used to vaccinate mice, and it was shown that two or three vaccinations could fully protect against a lethal influenza challenge, while only the surface-conjugated antigen constructs could provide some protection against lethal challenge with only one vaccination. Additionally, the use of a reducible linker augmented the T-cell response to the antigen. These results show the utility of conjugating M2e to the surface of a particle carrier to increase its immunogenicity for use as the antigen in a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J. Batty
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erik S. Pena
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Eva A. Amouzougan
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Moore
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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8
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Kumar M, Dogra R, Mandal UK. Nanomaterial-based delivery of vaccine through nasal route: Opportunities, challenges, advantages, and limitations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Eckshtain-Levi M, Batty CJ, Lifshits LM, McCammitt B, Moore KM, Amouzougan EA, Stiepel RT, Duggan E, Ross TM, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Metal-Organic Coordination Polymer for Delivery of a Subunit Broadly Acting Influenza Vaccine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28548-28558. [PMID: 35704854 PMCID: PMC9495290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A zinc-carnosine (ZnCar) metal-organic coordination polymer was fabricated in biologically relevant N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer for use as a vaccine platform. In vitro, ZnCar exhibited significantly less cytotoxicity than a well-established zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8). Adsorption of CpG on the ZnCar surface resulted in enhanced innate immune activation compared to soluble CpG. The model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was encapsulated in ZnCar and exhibited acid-sensitive release in vitro. When injected intramuscularly on days 0 and 21 in C57BL/6 mice, OVA-specific serum total IgG and IgG1 were significantly greater in all groups with ZnCar and antigen compared to soluble controls. Th1-skewed IgG2c antibodies were significantly greater in OVA and CpG groups delivered with ZnCar for all time points, regardless of whether the antigen and adjuvant were co-formulated in one material or co-delivered in separate materials. When broadly acting Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) P1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) was ligated to ZnCar via its His-tag, significantly greater antibody levels were observed at all time points compared to soluble antigen and CpG. ZnCar-formulated antigen elicited increased peptide presentation to B3Z T cells in vitro and production of IL-2 after ex vivo antigen recall of splenocytes isolated from vaccinated mice. Overall, this work displays the formation of a zinc-carnosine metal-organic coordination polymer that can be applied as a platform for recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Eckshtain-Levi
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cole J. Batty
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liubov M. Lifshits
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brandon McCammitt
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Moore
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eva A. Amouzougan
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebeca T. Stiepel
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eliza Duggan
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
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10
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Hendy DA, Amouzougan EA, Young IC, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Nano/microparticle Formulations for Universal Influenza Vaccines. AAPS J 2022; 24:24. [PMID: 34997352 PMCID: PMC8741137 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza affects millions of people worldwide and can result in severe sickness and even death. The best method of prevention is vaccination; however, the seasonal influenza vaccine often suffers from low efficacy and requires yearly vaccination due to changes in strain and viral mutations. More conserved universal influenza antigens like M2 ectodomain (M2e) and the stalk region of hemagglutinin (HA stalk) have been used clinically but often suffer from low antigenicity. To increase antigenicity, universal antigens have been formulated using nano/microparticles as vaccine carriers against influenza. Utilizing polymers, liposomes, metal, and protein-based particles, indicators of immunity and protection in mouse, pig, ferrets, and chicken models of influenza have been shown. In this review, seasonal and universal influenza vaccine formulations comprised of these materials including their physiochemical properties, fabrication, characterization, and biologic responses in vivo are highlighted. The review is concluded with future perspectives for nano/microparticles as carrier systems and other considerations within the universal influenza vaccine delivery landscape. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4012 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Eva A Amouzougan
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4012 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Isabella C Young
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4012 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4012 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4012 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA. .,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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11
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Kapate N, Clegg JR, Mitragotri S. Non-spherical micro- and nanoparticles for drug delivery: Progress over 15 years. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113807. [PMID: 34023331 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shape of particulate drug carries has been identified as a key parameter in determining their biological outcome. In this review, we analyze the field of particle shape as it shifts from fundamental investigations to contemporary applications for disease treatment, while highlighting outstanding remaining questions. We summarize fabrication and characterization methods and discuss in depth how particle shape influences biological interactions with cells, transport in the vasculature, targeting in the body, and modulation of the immune response. As the field moves from discoveries to applications, further attention needs to be paid to factors such as characterization and quality control, selection of model organisms, and disease models. Taken together, these aspects will provide a conceptual foundation for designing future non-spherical drug carriers to overcome biological barriers and improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kapate
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John R Clegg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Luzuriaga MA, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Herbert FC, Wijesundara YH, Gassensmith JJ. Biomaterials and nanomaterials for sustained release vaccine delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1735. [PMID: 34180608 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the most significant medical advancements in human history, as they have prevented hundreds of millions of deaths since their discovery; however, modern travel permits disease spread at unprecedented rates, and vaccine shortcomings like thermal sensitivity and required booster shots have been made evident by the COVID-19 pandemic. Approaches to overcoming these issues appear promising via the integration of vaccine technology with biomaterials, which offer sustained-release properties and preserve proteins, prevent conformational changes, and enable storage at room temperature. Sustained release and thermal stabilization of therapeutic biomacromolecules is an emerging area that integrates material science, chemistry, immunology, nanotechnology, and pathology to investigate different biocompatible materials. Biomaterials, including natural sugar polymers, synthetic polyesters produced from biologically derived monomers, hydrogel blends, protein-polymer blends, and metal-organic frameworks, have emerged as early players in the field. This overview will focus on significant advances of sustained release biomaterial in the context of vaccines against infectious disease and the progress made towards thermally stable "single-shot" formulations. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Luzuriaga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
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13
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Wang S, Fontana F, Shahbazi MA, Santos HA. Acetalated dextran based nano- and microparticles: synthesis, fabrication, and therapeutic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4212-4229. [PMID: 33913978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is a pH-responsive dextran derivative polymer. Prepared by a simple acetalation reaction, Ac-DEX has tunable acid-triggered release profile. Despite its relatively short research history, Ac-DEX has shown great potential in various therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the recent functionalization of Ac-DEX makes versatile derivatives with additional properties. Herein, we summarize the cutting-edge development of Ac-DEX and related polymers. Specifically, we focus on the chemical synthesis, nano- and micro-particle fabrication techniques, the controlled-release mechanisms, and the rational design Ac-DEX-based of drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran and Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Stiepel RT, Batty CJ, MacRaild CA, Norton RS, Bachelder E, Ainslie KM. Merozoite surface protein 2 adsorbed onto acetalated dextran microparticles for malaria vaccination. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120168. [PMID: 33309558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a global health threat, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite current interventions. The human disease is caused by five different parasitic species, with Plasmodium falciparum being the deadliest. As a result, vaccine research against P. falciparum is a global priority. Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) is a promising vaccine antigen as MSP2-specific antibodies have been shown previously to be protective against malaria infection. In this study, the formulation of an MSP2 vaccine was explored to enhance antigen uptake and achieve both an antibody and Th1 immune response by adsorbing MSP2 antigen onto a biomaterial carrier system. Specifically, MSP2 antigen was adsorbed onto acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs). IgG and IgG2a titers elicited by the Ace-DEX MP platform were compared to titer levels elicited by MSP2 adsorbed to an FDA-approved alum adjuvant, MSP2 alone, and PBS alone. Both adsorption of MSP2 to Ace-DEX MPs and to alum elicited antibody responses in vivo, but only the formulation containing Ace-DEX MPs was able to elicit a significant Th1-biased response needed to combat the intracellular pathogen. As such, MSP2 adsorbed to Ace-DEX MPs demonstrates promise as a malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca T Stiepel
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Cole J Batty
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Christopher A MacRaild
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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