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Xu R, Xu T, She M, Ji X, Li G, Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu H, Sun B, Shen G, Tian M. Skin-Friendly Large Matrix Iontronic Sensing Meta-Fabric for Spasticity Visualization and Rehabilitation Training via Piezo-Ionic Dynamics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:90. [PMID: 39694974 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Rehabilitation training is believed to be an effectual strategy that can reduce the risk of dysfunction caused by spasticity. However, achieving visualization rehabilitation training for patients remains clinically challenging. Herein, we propose visual rehabilitation training system including iontronic meta-fabrics with skin-friendly and large matrix features, as well as high-resolution image modules for distribution of human muscle tension. Attributed to the dynamic connection and dissociation of the meta-fabric, the fabric exhibits outstanding tactile sensing properties, such as wide tactile sensing range (0 ~ 300 kPa) and high-resolution tactile perception (50 Pa or 0.058%). Meanwhile, thanks to the differential capillary effect, the meta-fabric exhibits a "hitting three birds with one stone" property (dryness wearing experience, long working time and cooling sensing). Based on this, the fabrics can be integrated with garments and advanced data analysis systems to manufacture a series of large matrix structure (40 × 40, 1600 sensing units) training devices. Significantly, the tunability of piezo-ionic dynamics of the meta-fabric and the programmability of high-resolution imaging modules allow this visualization training strategy extendable to various common disease monitoring. Therefore, we believe that our study overcomes the constraint of standard spasticity rehabilitation training devices in terms of visual display and paves the way for future smart healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Xu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua She
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Ji
- Academy of Arts & Design of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganghua Li
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijin Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Health&Protective Smart Textile Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Cheng AJ, Chang W, Qiao Y, Huang F, Sha Z, He S, Wu L, Chu D, Peng S. High-Performance Supercapacitive Pressure Sensors via Height-Grading Micro-Domes of Ionic Conductive Elastomer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:59614-59625. [PMID: 39433470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Soft capacitive sensors present numerous appealing characteristics, including simple structure, low power consumption, and fast response. However, they often suffer from low sensitivity and a limited linear sensing range. Herein, a concept is presented to enhance the sensitivity and linearity of supercapacitive pressure sensors by functionally grading the heights of macrodomes constructed from a highly elastic and ionic conductive elastomer made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and phosphoric acid (PVA/H3PO4). The resultant supercapacitive sensors exhibit a high sensitivity (423.42 kPa-1), wide linear sensing range (0-400 kPa), ultralow limit of detection (0.48 Pa), and high durability (stable signal outputs up to 5000 cycles of loading/unloading). Additionally, the sensors can maintain consistent sensing performance within a temperature range of 25-40 °C. The potential of the sensor in health monitoring is demonstrated through ultrahigh-resolution weight measurement, pulse detection, and respiration monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Cheng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wenkai Chang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuansen Qiao
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhao Sha
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shuai He
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Liao Wu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Sun Z, Ou Q, Dong C, Zhou J, Hu H, Li C, Huang Z. Conducting polymer hydrogels based on supramolecular strategies for wearable sensors. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20220167. [PMID: 39439497 PMCID: PMC11491309 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are gaining considerable attention in developing wearable electronics due to their unique combination of high conductivity and softness. However, in the absence of interactions, the incompatibility between hydrophobic conductive polymers (CPs) and hydrophilic polymer networks gives rise to inadequate bonding between CPs and hydrogel matrices, thereby significantly impairing the mechanical and electrical properties of CPHs and constraining their utility in wearable electronic sensors. Therefore, to endow CPHs with good performance, it is necessary to ensure a stable and robust combination between the hydrogel network and CPs. Encouragingly, recent research has demonstrated that incorporating supramolecular interactions into CPHs enhances the polymer network interaction, improving overall CPH performance. However, a comprehensive review focusing on supramolecular CPH (SCPH) for wearable sensing applications is currently lacking. This review provides a summary of the typical supramolecular strategies employed in the development of high-performance CPHs and elucidates the properties of SCPHs that are closely associated with wearable sensors. Moreover, the review discusses the fabrication methods and classification of SCPH sensors, while also exploring the latest application scenarios for SCPH wearable sensors. Finally, it discusses the challenges of SCPH sensors and offers suggestions for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE)Faculty of Innovation EngineeringMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacao TaipaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chao Dong
- Chemistry and Physics DepartmentCollege of Art and ScienceThe University of Texas of Permian BasinOdessaTexasUSA
| | - Jinsheng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and TechnologyZhuhaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
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He XT, Ran JS, Wu J, Li FY, Sun JY. A Circular Touch Mode Capacitive Rainfall Sensor: Analytical Solution and Numerical Design and Calibration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:6291. [PMID: 39409332 PMCID: PMC11478615 DOI: 10.3390/s24196291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
A circular capacitive rainfall sensor can operate from non-touch mode to touch mode; that is, under the action of enough rainwater, its movable electrode plate can form a circular contact area with its fixed electrode plate. Therefore, the weight of rainwater is borne by only its movable electrode plate in non-touch mode operation but by both its movable and fixed electrode plates in touch mode operation, and the total capacitance of its touch mode operation is much larger than that of its non-touch mode operation. Essential to its numerical design and calibration is the ability to predict the deflection shape of its moveable electrode plate to determine its total capacitance. This requires the analytical solution to the fluid-structure interaction problem of its movable electrode plate under rainwater. In our previous work, only the analytical solution for the fluid-structure interaction problem before its movable electrode plate touches its fixed electrode plate was obtained, and how to numerically design and calibrate a circular non-touch mode capacitive rainfall sensor was illustrated. In this paper, the analytical solution for the fluid-structure interaction problem after its movable electrode plate touches its fixed electrode plate is obtained, and how to numerically design and calibrate a circular touch mode capacitive rainfall sensor is illustrated for the first time. The numerical results show that the total capacitance and rainwater volume when the circular capacitive rainfall sensor operates in touch mode is indeed much larger than that when the same circular capacitive rainfall sensor operates in non-touch mode, and that the average increase in the maximum membrane stress per unit rainwater volume when the circular capacitive rainfall sensor operates in touch mode can be about 20 times smaller than that when the same circular capacitive rainfall sensor operates in non-touch mode. This is where the circular touch mode capacitive rainfall sensor excels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting He
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (J.-S.R.); (J.W.); (F.-Y.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jun-Song Ran
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (J.-S.R.); (J.W.); (F.-Y.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Ji Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (J.-S.R.); (J.W.); (F.-Y.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Fei-Yan Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (J.-S.R.); (J.W.); (F.-Y.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Jun-Yi Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (J.-S.R.); (J.W.); (F.-Y.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China
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5
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Wang K, Yao Y, Liu H, Wang J, Li X, Wang X, Yang R, Zhou H, Hu X. Fabrication of Flexible Wearable Mechanosensors Utilizing Piezoelectric Hydrogels Mechanically Enhanced by Dipole-Dipole Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51542-51553. [PMID: 39262374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have been increasingly employed to construct wearable mechanosensors due to their excellent mechanical flexibility close to that of soft tissues. In this work, piezoelectric hydrogels are prepared through free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylonitrile (AN) and further utilized in assembling flexible wearable mechanosensors. Introduction of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) component in the copolymers endows the hydrogels with excellent piezoelectric properties. Meanwhile, significant enhancement of mechanical properties has been accessed by forming dipole-dipole interactions, which results in a tensile strength of 0.51 MPa. Flexible wearable mechanosensors are fabricated by utilizing piezoelectric hydrogels as key signal converting materials. Self-powered piezoelectric pressure sensors are assembled with a sensitivity (S) of 0.2 V kPa-1. Additionally, resistive strain sensors (gauge factor (GF): 0.84, strain range: 0-250%) and capacitive pressure sensors (S: 0.23 kPa-1, pressure range: 0-8 kPa) are fabricated by utilizing such hydrogels. These flexible wearable mechanosensors can monitor diverse body movements such as joint bending, walking, running, and stair climbing. This work is anticipated to offer promising soft materials for efficient mechanical-to-electrical signal conversion and provides new insights into the development of various wearable mechanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovation Research, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an,, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovation Research, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an,, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xun Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovation Research, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an,, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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6
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Zhang X, Zhu Y, Chen L, Duan P, Zhou M. Augmented reality navigation method based on image segmentation and sensor tracking registration technology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15281. [PMID: 38961095 PMCID: PMC11222374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, navigation technology provides great convenience for people's life, but the problem of inaccurate localization in complex environments has always been a challenge that navigation technology needs to be solved urgently. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an augmented reality navigation method that combines image segmentation and multi-sensor fusion tracking registration. The method optimizes the image processing process through the GA-OTSU-Canny algorithm and combines high-precision multi-sensor information in order to achieve accurate tracking of positioning and guidance in complex environments. Experimental results show that the GA-OTSU-Canny algorithm has a faster image edge segmentation rate, and the fastest start speed is only 1.8 s, and the fastest intersection selection time is 1.2 s. The navigation system combining the image segmentation and sensor tracking and registration techniques has a highly efficient performance in real-world navigation, and its building recognition rates are all above 99%. The augmented reality navigation system not only improves the navigation accuracy in high-rise and urban canyon environments, but also significantly outperforms traditional navigation solutions in terms of navigation startup time and target building recognition accuracy. In summary, this research not only provides a new framework for the theoretical integration of image processing and multi-sensor data, but also brings innovative technical solutions for the development and application of practical navigation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450064, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450064, China.
| | - Lumin Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450064, China
| | - Peng Duan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450064, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450064, China
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Yin A, Chen R, Yin R, Zhou S, Ye Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Qi X, Liu H, Liu J, Yu S, Wei J. An ultra-soft conductive elastomer for multifunctional tactile sensors with high range and sensitivity. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1975-1988. [PMID: 38353589 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors have become important as essential tools for facilitating human and object interactions. However, the materials utilized for the electrodes of capacitive tactile sensors often cannot simultaneously exhibit high conductivity, low modulus, and strong adhesiveness. This limitation restricts their application on flexible interfaces and results in device failure due to mechanical mismatch. Herein, we report an ultra-low modulus, highly conductive, and adhesive elastomer and utilize it to fabricate a microstructure-coupled multifunctional flexible tactile sensor. We prepare a supramolecular conductive composite film (SCCF) as the electrode of the tactile sensor using a supramolecular deep eutectic solvent, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and MXene suspension. We employ a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) film containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM:TFSI) as the dielectric layer to fabricate capacitive sensors with an electrical double layer structure. Furthermore, we enhance the performance of the device by incorporating coupled pyramid and dome microstructures, which endow the sensor with multi-directional force detection. Our SCCF exhibits extremely high conductivity (reaching 710 S cm-1), ultra-low modulus (0.8 MPa), and excellent interface adhesion strength (>120 J m-2). Additionally, due to the outstanding conductivity and unique structure of the SCCF, it possesses remarkable electromagnetic shielding ability (>50 dB). Moreover, our device demonstrates a high sensitivity of up to 1756 kPa-1 and a wide working range reaching 400 kPa, combining these attributes with the requirements of an ultra-soft human-machine interface to ensure optimal contact between the sensor and interface materials. This innovative and flexible tactile sensor holds great promise and potential for addressing various and complex demands of human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruiguang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peike Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suzhu Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Zheng H, Zhou H, Zheng B, Wei C, Ma A, Jin X, Chen W, Liu H. Stable Flexible Electronic Devices under Harsh Conditions Enabled by Double-Network Hydrogels Containing Binary Cations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7768-7779. [PMID: 38294427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are increasingly used in flexible electronic devices, but the mechanical and electrochemical stabilities of hydrogel devices are often limited under specific harsh conditions. Herein, chemically/physically cross-linked double-network (DN) hydrogels containing binary cations Zn2+ and Li+ are constructed in order to address the above challenges. Double networks of chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) and physically cross-linked κ-Carrageenan (κ-CG) are designed to account for the mechanical robustness while binary cations endow the hydrogels with excellent ionic conductivity and outstanding environmental adaptability. Excellent mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity (25 °C, 2.26 S·m-1; -25 °C, 1.54 S·m-1) have been achieved. Utilizing the DN hydrogels containing binary cations as signal-converting materials, we fabricated flexible mechanosensors. High gauge factors (resistive strain sensors, 2.4; capacitive pressure sensors, 0.82 kPa-1) and highly stable sensing ability have been achieved. Interestingly, zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors containing the DN hydrogels containing binary cations as electrolytes have achieved an initial capacity of 52.5 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 3 A·g-1 and a capacity retention rate of 82.9% after 19,000 cycles. Proper working of the zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors at subzero conditions and stable charge-discharge for more than 19,000 cycles at -25 °C have been demonstrated. Overall, DN hydrogels containing binary cations have provided promising materials for high-performance flexible electronic devices under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Bohui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjuan Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Aijie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xilang Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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9
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Li R, Ren J, Zhang M, Li M, Li Y, Yang W. Highly Stretchable, Fast Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive, and Strain-Sensitive Wearable Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:614-625. [PMID: 38241010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels integrate the conductive performance and soft nature, which is like that of human skin. Thus, they are more suitable for the preparation of wearable human-motion sensors. Nevertheless, the integration of outstanding multiple functionalities, such as stretchability, toughness, biocompatibility, self-healing, adhesion, strain sensitivity, and durability, by a simple way is still a huge challenge. Herein, we have developed a multifunctional chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/poly(acrylic acid)/tannic acid/Al3+ hydrogel (CS/OHA/HPMC/PAA/TA/Al3+) by using a two-step method with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), acrylic acid (AA), tannic acid (TA), chitosan (CS), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O). Due to the synergistic effect of dynamic imine bonds between CS and OHA, dynamic metal coordination bonds between Al3+ and -COOH and/or TA as well as reversible hydrogen, the hydrogel showed excellent tensile property (elongation at break of 3168%) and desirable toughness (0.79 MJ/m3). The mechanical self-healing efficiency can reach 95.5% at 30 min, and the conductivity can recover in 5.2 s at room temperature without stimulation. The favorable attribute of high transparency (98.5% transmittance) facilitates the transmission of the optical signal and enables visualization of the sensor. It also shows good adhesiveness to various materials and is easy to peel off without residue. The resistance of the hydrogel-based sensors shows good electrical conductivity (2.33 S m-1), good durability, high sensing sensitivity (GF value of 4.12 under 1600% strain), low detection limit (less than 1%), and short response/recovery time (0.54/0.31 s). It adhered to human skin and monitored human movements such as the bending movements of joints, swallowing, and speaking successfully. Therefore, the obtained multifunctional conductive hydrogel has great potential applications in wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Key Lab of Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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10
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Xia H, Wang L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhu L, Cai H, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang D. MXene/PPy@PDMS sponge-based flexible pressure sensor for human posture recognition with the assistance of a convolutional neural network in deep learning. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:155. [PMID: 38116450 PMCID: PMC10728160 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of flexible sensors and deep learning has attracted much attention as an efficient method for the recognition of human postures. In this paper, an in situ polymerized MXene/polypyrrole (PPy) composite is dip-coated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge to fabricate an MXene/PPy@PDMS (MPP) piezoresistive sensor. The sponge sensor achieves ultrahigh sensitivity (6.8925 kPa-1) at 0-15 kPa, a short response/recovery time (100/110 ms), excellent stability (5000 cycles) and wash resistance. The synergistic effect of PPy and MXene improves the performance of the composite materials and facilitates the transfer of electrons, making the MPP sponge at least five times more sensitive than sponges based on each of the individual single materials. The large-area conductive network allows the MPP sensor to maintain excellent electrical performance over a large-scale pressure range. The MPP sensor can detect a variety of human body activity signals, such as radial artery pulse and different joint movements. The detection and analysis of human motion data, which is assisted by convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning algorithms, enable the recognition and judgment of 16 types of human postures. The MXene/PPy flexible pressure sensor based on a PDMS sponge has broad application prospects in human motion detection, intelligent sensing and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Haolin Cai
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 China
| | - Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 China
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11
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Chowdhury AH, Jafarizadeh B, Pala N, Wang C. Paper-Based Supercapacitive Pressure Sensor for Wrist Arterial Pulse Waveform Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37921369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in wearable pressure sensors have led to the need for high sensitivity and a broad sensing range to accurately detect various physiological states. However, high sensitivity does not always translate to a wide sensing range, and manufacturing sensors with such high sensitivity is a complex and expensive process. In this study, we present a capacitive pressure sensor based on tissue paper that is simple to produce and cost-effective yet still exhibits high linear sensitivity of 2.9 kPa-1 in the 0-16 kPa range. The linear sensitivity of 1.5 kPa-1 was achieved from 16 to 90 kPa. The sensor also demonstrated a fast response time of 0.2 s, excellent pressure resolution at both low and high pressures, and a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, making it ideal for detecting wrist arterial pulse waveforms. We were also able to demonstrate the sensor's practicality in real-world applications by cycling it 5000 times and showing its capability to capture pulse waveforms from different arterial locations. These low-cost sensors possess all the intrinsic features necessary for efficient measurement of pulse waveforms, which may facilitate the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmal Huda Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Borzooye Jafarizadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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12
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Hong W, Guo X, Zhang T, Liu Y, Yan Z, Zhang A, Qian Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Jin C, Zhao J, Liu T, Hong Q, Xu Y, Xia Y, Zhao Y. Bioinspired Engineering of Fillable Gradient Structure into Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Toward Ultra-High Sensitivity and Wide Working Range. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300420. [PMID: 37775102 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensing is required for electronic skin and intelligent robots to function properly. However, the dielectric layer's poor structural compressibility in conventional pressure sensors results in a limited pressure sensing range and low sensitivity. To solve this issue, a flexible pressure sensor with a crocodile-inspired fillable gradient structure is provided. The fillable gradient structure and grooves in the pressure sensor accommodate the deformed microstructure that permits the enhancement of the media layer compressibility via COMSOL finite element simulation and optimization. The pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of up to 0.97 k Pa-1 (0-4 kPa), a wide pressure detection range (7 Pa-380 kPa), and outstanding repeatability. The sensor can detect Morse code, robotic grabbing, and human motion monitoring. As a result, flexible sensors with a bionic fillable gradient structure pave the way for wearable devices and offer a novel method for achieving highly precise tactile perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chengchao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jingji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yaohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xia
- Bengbu Zhengyuan Electronics Technology Co. Ltd, Bengbu, 233000, P. R. China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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13
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Ding H, Liu J, Shen X, Li H. Advances in the Preparation of Tough Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4001. [PMID: 37836050 PMCID: PMC10575238 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of tough conductive hydrogels has led to considerable progress in the fields of tissue engineering, soft robots, flexible electronics, etc. Compared to other kinds of traditional sensing materials, tough conductive hydrogels have advantages in flexibility, stretchability and biocompatibility due to their biological structures. Numerous hydrogel flexible sensors have been developed based on specific demands for practical applications. This review focuses on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors. Representative tactics to construct tough hydrogels and strategies to fulfill conductivity, which are of significance to fabricating tough conductive hydrogels, are briefly reviewed. Then, diverse tough conductive hydrogels are presented and discussed. Additionally, recent advancements in flexible sensors assembled with different tough conductive hydrogels as well as various designed structures and their sensing performances are demonstrated in detail. Applications, including the wearable skins, bionic muscles and robotic systems of these hydrogel-based flexible sensors with resistive and capacitive modes are discussed. Some perspectives on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors are also stated at the end. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of tough conductive hydrogels and will offer clues to researchers who have interests in pursuing flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.D.)
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.D.)
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.D.)
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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14
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Zeng L, Gao G. Stretchable Organohydrogel with Adhesion, Self-Healing, and Environment-Tolerance for Wearable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:28993-29003. [PMID: 37284783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable hydrogels as landmark soft materials have been efficiently utilized in the field of wearable sensing devices. However, these soft hydrogels mostly cannot integrate transparency, stretchability, adhesiveness, self-healing, and environmental adaptability into one system. Herein, a fully physically cross-linked poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-gelatin dual-network organohydrogel is prepared in a phytic acid-glycerol binary solvent via a rapid ultraviolet light initiation. The introduction of gelatin as the second network endows the organohydrogel with desirable mechanical performance (high stretchability up to 1240%). The presence of phytic acid not only synergizes with glycerol to impart environment-tolerance to the organohydrogel (from -20 to 60 °C) but also increases the conductivity. Moreover, the organohydrogel demonstrates a durable adhesive performance toward diverse substrates, a high self-healing efficiency through heat treatment, and favorable optical transparency (transmittance of 90%). Furthermore, the organohydrogel achieves high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.18 at 100% strain) and rapid response time (80 ms) and could detect both tiny (a low detection limit of 0.25% strain) and large deformations. Therefore, the assembled organohydrogel-based wearable sensors are capable of monitoring human joint motions, facial expression, and voice signals. This work proposes a facile route for multifunctional organohydrogel transducers and promises the practical application of flexible wearable electronics in complex scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zeng
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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15
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Yang R, Dutta A, Li B, Tiwari N, Zhang W, Niu Z, Gao Y, Erdely D, Xin X, Li T, Cheng H. Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity over ultra-broad linear range enabled by laser-induced gradient micro-pyramids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2907. [PMID: 37264026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive developments of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, it is still elusive to simultaneously achieve excellent linearity over a broad pressure range, high sensitivity, and ultrahigh pressure resolution under large pressure preloads. Here, we present a programmable fabrication method for microstructures to integrate an ultrathin ionic layer. The resulting optimized sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 33.7 kPa-1 over a linear range of 1700 kPa, a detection limit of 0.36 Pa, and a pressure resolution of 0.00725% under the pressure of 2000 kPa. Taken together with rapid response/recovery and excellent repeatability, the sensor is applied to subtle pulse detection, interactive robotic hand, and ultrahigh-resolution smart weight scale/chair. The proposed fabrication approaches and design toolkit from this work can also be leveraged to easily tune the pressure sensor performance for varying target applications and open up opportunities to create other iontronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Niu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Erdely
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, 050018, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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16
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Lv S, Zhang S, Zuo J, Liang S, Yang J, Wang J, Wei D. Progress in preparation and properties of chitosan-based hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124915. [PMID: 37211080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a kind of natural polysaccharide biomass with the second highest content in nature after cellulose, which has good biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hemostasis, mucosal adsorption, non-toxicity, and antibacterial properties. Therefore, hydrogels prepared from chitosan have the advantages of good hydrophilicity, unique three-dimensional network structure, and good biocompatibility, so they have received extensive attention and research in environmental testing, adsorption, medical materials, and catalytic supports. Compared with traditional polymer hydrogels, biomass chitosan-based hydrogels have advantages such as low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, outstanding processability, and low cost. This paper reviews the preparation of various chitosan-based hydrogels using chitosan as raw material and their applications in the fields of medical materials, environmental detection, catalytic carriers, and adsorption. Some views and prospects are put forward for the future research and development of chitosan-based hydrogels, and it is believed that chitosan-based hydrogels will be able to obtain more valuable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lv
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jingjing Zuo
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Shan Liang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Juhui Yang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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17
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Xiong J, Zhan T, Hu Y, Guo Z, Wang S. A tough, stretchable, freeze-tolerated double-cross-linked conductive hydrogel and its application in flexible strain sensors. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Wang Z, Valenzuela C, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang L, Feng W. Bioinspired Freeze-Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201597. [PMID: 35971186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many biological organisms have developed the exceptional antifreezing ability to survive in extremely cold environments. Inspired by the freeze resistance of these organisms, researchers have devoted extensive efforts to develop advanced freeze-tolerant soft materials and explore their potential applications in diverse areas such as electronic skin, soft robotics, flexible energy, and biological science. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement of freeze-tolerant soft materials and their emerging applications from the perspective of bioinspiration and advanced material engineering is provided. First, the mechanisms underlying the freeze tolerance of cold-enduring biological organisms are introduced. Then, engineering strategies for developing antifreezing soft materials are summarized. Thereafter, recent advances in freeze-tolerant soft materials for different technological applications such as smart sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage, and cryogenic medical applications are presented. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of bioinspired freeze-tolerant soft materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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19
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Li D, Fei X, Xu L, Wang Y, Tian J, Li Y. Pressure-sensitive antibacterial hydrogel dressing for wound monitoring in bed ridden patients. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:942-955. [PMID: 35901573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pressure ulcer is a common chronic injury in the bedridden population. The wound is easily subjected to secondary pressure injury due to the inconvenient mobility of patients, which greatly prolongs the hospital stay of patients and is highly prone to wound infection or other complications. It is urgent to develop a multifunctional wound dressing with pressure sensing, real-time monitoring, and wound therapy to overcome the secondary pressure injury during treatment. Here, a polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide-ionic liquid hydrogel dressing is designed based on the antibacterial property and electrical conductivity of imidazolidine ionic liquids. Compared with existing pressure-sensing hydrogels, the hydrogel exhibits extremely high pressure sensitivity (9.19 kPa-1). Meanwhile, the good real-time responsiveness, stable signal output as well as excellent mechanical properties enable the hydrogel to monitor human movement on a large scale, and transmit the pressure status of patient wounds to nursing staff in a timely manner to avoid secondary pressure injuries. In addition, this hydrogel dressing exhibits a wide range of antibacterial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi, and has a significant therapeutic effect on full-thickness skin wounds by inhibiting wound infection, rapidly eradicating inflammation, promoting proliferation and tissue remodeling. This multifunctional hydrogel dressing opens a therapeutic and regulatory two-pronged strategy avenue through chronic wound management and pressure sensing monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrun Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xu Fei
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Longquan Xu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yao Li
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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20
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Xia S, Gao Y, Gao G. Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xin Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shan Xia
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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Li C. Towards conductive hydrogels in e-skins: a review on rational design and recent developments. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33835-33848. [PMID: 35497297 PMCID: PMC9042588 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, electronic skins (e-skins) have attracted significant attention owing to their feasibility of applications in health monitoring, motion detection, and entertainment. As a class of soft materials, conductive hydrogels feature biocompatibility, stretchability, adhesiveness, and self-healing properties, making them one of the most important candidates for high-performance e-skins. However, profound challenges remain for achieving the combination of superior mechanical strength and conductivity of conductive hydrogels simultaneously without sacrificing their multifunctionalities. Herein, a framework for rational designs to fabricate conductive hydrogels are proposed, including the fundamental strategies of copolymerization, doping, and self-assembly. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis of their merits and demerits when the conductive hydrogels are fabricated in different ways. Furthermore, the recent progress and future perspective for conductive hydrogels in terms of electronic skins are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujia Li
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710072 China
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22
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Ji B, Zhou Q, Lei M, Ding S, Song Q, Gao Y, Li S, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou B. Gradient Architecture-Enabled Capacitive Tactile Sensor with High Sensitivity and Ultrabroad Linearity Range. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103312. [PMID: 34585504 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity and linearity are critical parameters that can preserve the high pressure-resolution across a wide range and simplify the signal processing process of flexible tactile sensors. Although extensive micro-structured dielectrics have been explored to improve the sensitivity of capacitive sensors, the attenuation of sensitivity with increasing pressure is yet to be fully resolved. Herein, a novel dielectric layer based on the gradient micro-dome architecture (GDA) is presented to simultaneously realize the high sensitivity and ultrabroad linearity range of capacitive sensors. The gradient micro-dome pixels with rationally collocated amount and height can effectively regulate the contact area and hence enable the linear variation in effective dielectric constant of the GDA dielectric layer under varying pressures. With systematical optimization, the sensor exhibits the high sensitivity of 0.065 kPa-1 in an ultrabroad linearity range up to 1700 kPa, which is first reported. Based on the excellent sensitivity and linearity, the high pressure-resolution can be preserved across the full scale of pressure spectrum. Therefore, potential applications such as all-round physiological signal detection in diverse scenarios, control instruction transmission with combinatorial force inputs, and convenient Morse code communication with non-overlapping capacitance signals are successfully demonstrated through a single sensor device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Sen Ding
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qi Song
- Shenzhen Shineway Technology Corporation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Shenzhen Shineway Technology Corporation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Shunbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education & Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education & Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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Kwon JH, Kim YM, Moon HC. Porous Ion Gel: A Versatile Ionotronic Sensory Platform for High-Performance, Wearable Ionoskins with Electrical and Optical Dual Output. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15132-15141. [PMID: 34427425 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of elastic ionic conductors offers opportunities to fabricate key wearable ionic components such as ionoskins that can perceive mechanical deformation. However, there is still plenty of room to overcome the trade-off between sensitivity and detectable range of previous systems and impart additional functionality. Here, we propose porous ion gels for high-performance, functional ionic sensory platforms. The porous ion gels can be effectively deformed by closing pores even with a small pressure, and a large change in the contact area of the gel and the electrode is induced, leading to a significant difference in electrical double-layer capacitance. The porous ion gels are applied to ionoskins after optimizing mechanical characteristics by adjusting gel parameters. The device indicates a high sensitivity of ∼152.8 kPa-1, a broad sensory pressure range (up to 400 kPa), and excellent durability (>6000 cycles). Successful monitoring of various human motions that induce different magnitudes of pressure is demonstrated with high precision. More interestingly, the functionality of the porous ion gel is extended to include electrochemiluminescence (ECL), resulting in the production of emissive ECL ionoskins. The ECL intensity from the emissive ionoskin is linearly correlated with the applied pressure, which can even be inferred even by the naked eye. The porous ion gel-based functional ionoskins are expected to be key components in future sensory ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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24
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Ji B, Zhou Q, Hu B, Zhong J, Zhou J, Zhou B. Bio-Inspired Hybrid Dielectric for Capacitive and Triboelectric Tactile Sensors with High Sensitivity and Ultrawide Linearity Range. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100859. [PMID: 34062019 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between sensitivity and linearity is critical for preserving the high pressure-resolution over a broad range and simplifying the signal processing/conversion of flexible tactile sensors. Conventional dielectrics suffer from the difficulty of quantitatively controlling the interacted mechanical and dielectric properties, thus causing the restricted sensitivity and linearity of capacitive sensors. Herein, inspired by human skin, a novel hybrid dielectric composed of a low-permittivity (low-k) micro-cilia array, a high-permittivity (high-k) rough surface, and micro-dome array is developed. The pressure-induced series-parallel conversion between the low-k and high-k components of the hybrid dielectric enables the linear effective dielectric constant and controllable initial/resultant capacitance. The gradient compressibility of the hybrid dielectric enables the linear behavior of elastic modulus with pressures, which derives the capacitance variation determined by the effective dielectric constant. Therefore, an ultrawide linearity range up to 1000 kPa and a high sensitivity of 0.314 kPa-1 are simultaneously achieved by the optimized hybrid dielectric. The design is also applicable for triboelectric tactile sensors, which realizes the similar linear behavior of output voltage and enhanced sensitivity. With the high pressure-resolution across a broad range, potential applications such as healthcare monitoring in diverse scenarios and control command conversion via a single sensor are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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