1
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Chen R, Zhang C, Xiao C, Zhao T, Luo T, Zhou W. Fabrication of Hierarchical Microstructures via Laser-Induced Shrinkage of Shape Memory Polymers for Flexible Pressure Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45732-45744. [PMID: 39155638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Hierarchical microstructures are widely recognized as one of the most effective components for enhancing the performance of flexible pressure sensors. However, the rapid and controllable fabrication of pressure sensing layers with hierarchical microstructures remains a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a method that utilizes laser-induced microscale shrinkage of shape memory polymers to enable rapid and controllable fabrication of hierarchical microstructures for high-performance pressure sensing. We systematically investigate the influence of UV laser fabrication parameters on the architecture and morphology of hierarchical microstructures. A flexible pressure sensor, equipped with optimized hierarchical microstructures, exhibits a high sensitivity larger than 15 kPa-1 and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.994) in a range from 0 to 200 kPa. It features response and recovery times of 57 and 62 ms, respectively, and maintains good stability, enduring over 5,000 cycles. The laser-induced shrinkage of shape memory polymers offers an effective method for the fabrication of hierarchical microstructures, holding great potential to boost the performance of flexible pressure sensors in applications within intelligent robotics and wearable healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chiqian Xiao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tianchang Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Chen Z, Peng H, Zhang J. An integrated electronic skin with biaxial sensitivity from a layered biphasic liquid metal/polymer film. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:4150-4158. [PMID: 38895822 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Research on electronic skin (e-skin) is dedicated to simulating natural skin for the perception of external mechanical stimuli. Currently, e-skin is ineffective in analyzing a single stimulus from different directions. This work successfully fabricates an integrated electronic skin (IES) with biaxial sensing capability through the combination of a biphasic liquid metal and porous foam. Remarkably different from traditional e-skin, the IES can analyze the type, strength, and area of an external mechanical stimulus from vertical and horizontal dimensions with a dual response (capacitive and resistive change, respectively). As a multifunctional sensor, the IES simultaneously responds to compression via capacitive change and tension via resistive change. Furthermore, 1000 cyclic compressions were conducted to confirm the electrical stability of the IES. Very subtle stimuli (e.g. thawing ice and touch) can be detected by the IES via biaxial detection. This work provides a new protocol for the development of future intelligent flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- National Graduate College for Elite Engineers, Southeast University, Wuxi Campus, Wuxi, 214061, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Peng
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- National Graduate College for Elite Engineers, Southeast University, Wuxi Campus, Wuxi, 214061, P. R. China.
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3
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Ma C, Xiong C, Zhao R, Wang K, Yang M, Liang Y, Li M, Han D, Wang H, Zhang R, Shao G. Capacitive pressure sensors based on microstructured polymer-derived SiCN ceramics for high-temperature applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:503-510. [PMID: 39214002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Traditional silicon-based pressure sensors cannot meet demand of pressure information acquisition in high-temperature extreme environments due to their low sensitivity, limited detection temperature and complex processing. Herein, a capacitive pressure sensor is fabricated using polymer-derived SiCN ceramics with convex microstructures via a sample replication strategy. Its performance is measured at different pressures (0-800 kPa) from room temperature to 500 °C. The results show that the SiCN ceramic capacitive pressure sensor exhibits low hysteresis, good non-linearity of 0.26 %, outstanding repeatability and high sensitivity of 0.197 pF/MPa under room temperature. When the test temperature reaches 500 °C, the performance of the prepared capacitive pressure sensor has no degradation, keeping competent sensitivity of 0.214 pF/MPa and nonlinear error of 0.24 %. Therefore, benefitting from the preeminent high-temperature properties, e.g., excellent oxidation/corrosion resistance and thermal stability, SiCN ceramics capacitive pressure sensors have great potential in the application of high-temperature and harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metal Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Chunyue Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Yi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Zhongyuan Critical Metal Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Daoyang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Gang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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4
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Xiong Z, Bai Y, Li L, Zhou Z, Li T, Zhang T. Rational design of a laminate-structured flexible sensor for human dynamic plantar pressure monitoring. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:98. [PMID: 39015941 PMCID: PMC11251139 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors are essential components in emerging fields such as epidermal electronics, biomedicine, and human-computer interactions, and creating high-performance sensors through simple structural design for practical applications is increasingly needed. Presently, challenges still exist in establishing efficient models of flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors to predict the design required for achieving target performance. This work establishes a theoretical model of a flexible pressure sensor with a simple laminated and enclosed structure. In the modeling, the electrical constriction effect is innovatively introduced to explain the sensitization mechanism of the laminated structure to a broad range of pressures and to predict the sensor performance. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the theoretical model. The sensor exhibited excellent stability for up to three million cycles and superior durability when exposed to salt solution owing to its simple laminated and enclosed structural design. Finally, a wearable sensing system for real-time collection and analysis of plantar pressure is constructed for exercise and rehabilitation monitoring applications. This work aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rapid design and construction of flexible pressure sensors with target performance for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoping Xiong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- i-lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- i-lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Li
- i-lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Suzhou Leanstar Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000 P. R. China
| | - Tie Li
- i-lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- i-lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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5
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He C, Wu L, Gu G, Wei L, Yang C, Chen M. An Ionic Assisted Enhancement Strategy Enabled High Performance Flexible Pressure-Temperature Dual Sensor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7040-7047. [PMID: 38804573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with a broad range and high sensitivity are greatly desired yet challenging to build. Herein, we have successfully fabricated a pressure-temperature dual sensor via an ionic assisted charge enhancement strategy. Benefiting from the immobilization effect for [EMIM+] [TFSI-] ion pairs and charge transfer between ionic liquid (IL) and HFMO (H10Fe3Mo21O51), the formed IL-HFMO-TPU pressure sensor shows a high sensitivity of 25.35 kPa-1 and broad sensing range (∼10 MPa), respectively. Furthermore, the sensor device exhibits high durability and stability (5000 cycles@1 MPa). The IL-HFMO-TPU sensor also shows the merit of good temperature sensing properties. Attributed to these superior properties, the proposed sensor device could detect pressure in an ultrawide sensing range (from Pa to MPa), including breathe and biophysical signal monitoring etc. The proposed ionic assisted enhancement approach is a generic strategy for constructing high performance flexible pressure-temperature dual sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lie Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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6
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Keshyagol K, Hiremath S, H. M. V, Kini U. A, Naik N, Hiremath P. Optimizing Capacitive Pressure Sensor Geometry: A Design of Experiments Approach with a Computer-Generated Model. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3504. [PMID: 38894295 PMCID: PMC11175090 DOI: 10.3390/s24113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and optimization of capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) for their integration into capacitive touch buttons in electronic applications. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), various geometries of dielectric layers were meticulously modeled and analyzed for their capacitive and sensitivity parameters. The flexible elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as a diaphragm, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a flexible material that acts as a dielectric medium. The Design of Experiment (DoE) techniques, aided by statistical analysis, were employed to identify the optimal geometric shapes of the CPS model. From the prediction using the DoE approach, it is observed that the cylindrical-shaped dielectric medium has better sensitivity. Using this optimal configuration, the CPS was further examined across a range of dielectric layer thicknesses to determine the capacitance, stored electrical energy, displacement, and stress levels at uniform pressures ranging from 0 to 200 kPa. Employing a 0.1 mm dielectric layer thickness yields heightened sensitivity and capacitance values, which is consistent with theoretical efforts. At a pressure of 200 kPa, the sensor achieves a maximum capacitance of 33.3 pF, with a total stored electric energy of 15.9 × 10-12 J and 0.468 pF/Pa of sensitivity for 0.1 dielectric thickness. These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed CPS model for integration into capacitive touch buttons in electronic devices and e-skin applications, thereby offering promising advancements in sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Keshyagol
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (K.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Shivashankarayya Hiremath
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (K.K.); (S.H.)
- Survivability Signal Intelligence Research Center, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishwanatha H. M.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
| | - Achutha Kini U.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
| | - Nithesh Naik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
| | - Pavan Hiremath
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
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7
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Yang C, Hu J, Liu L, Wu S, Pan M, Liu Y, Wang H, Li P, Zhang Q, Qiu W, Luo H. An underwater vest containing an antioxidant MXene hydrogel for sensitive recognition of fish locomotion. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38523657 PMCID: PMC10957866 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The perception of fish locomotion is important for understanding their adaptive behaviors and ethological characteristics. However, the main strategy used for extracting fish attitudes involves the use of a vision-based monitoring system, which is limited in its range of observation and cannot perform tracking for long times. Here, we report the use of a wearable tagging electronic device, referred to as an underwater vest, to capture the surrounding flow field disturbances triggered by swimming or momentary postural changes. All of these goals were achieved by integrating a pair of pseudocapacitive pressure-sensing units and a flexible circuit board. Notably, additional conditions, such as variable hydraulic pressures and minimal changes in fish posture, require high stability and sensitivity of the sensing units. Thus, hybrid hydrogel electrodes were developed through cross-linking MXene with holey-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and further modification with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquids, which increased the interfacial capacitance and long-term interfacial activity of the MXene. Consequently, the sensing unit exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity (Smax~136,207 kPa-1) in an aquatic environment for 60 days and superior high-pressure resolution (10 Pa) within a wide working range of 1 MPa. Ultimately, an underwater vest integrated with such sensing units clearly distinguished and recorded fish locomotion. We believe that the designed device may open avenues in flow field monitoring and ocean current detection and provide new insights into the development of sensitive underwater tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiu Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Jiafei Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Lihui Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Mengchun Pan
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Weicheng Qiu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Huihui Luo
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073 China
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Jung Y, Gu J, Yeo J, Lee W, Han H, Choi J, Ha JH, Ahn J, Cho H, Ryu S, Park I. Highly Sensitive Soft Pressure Sensors for Wearable Applications Based on Composite Films with Curved 3D Carbon Nanotube Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303981. [PMID: 37670224 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft pressure sensors based on 3D microstructures exhibit high sensitivity in the low-pressure range, which is crucial for various wearable and soft touch applications. However, it is still a challenge to manufacture soft pressure sensors with sufficient sensitivity under small mechanical stimuli for wearable applications. This work presents a novel strategy for extremely sensitive pressure sensors based on the composite film with local changes in curved 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) structure via expandable microspheres. The sensitivity is significantly enhanced by the synergetic effects of heterogeneous contact of the microdome structure and changes of percolation network within the curved 3D CNT structure. The finite-element method simulation is used to comprehend the relationships between the sensitivity and mechanical/electrical behavior of microdome structure under the applied pressure. The sensor shows an excellent sensitivity (571.64 kPa-1 ) with fast response time (85 ms), great repeatability, and long-term stability. Using the developed sensor, a wireless wearable health monitoring system to avoid carpel tunnel syndrome is built, and a multi-array pressure sensor for realizing a variety of movements in real-time is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Yeo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookjin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanchul Cho
- Precision Mechanical Process and Control R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Busan, 46938, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Chowdhury AH, Jafarizadeh B, Pala N, Wang C. Paper-Based Supercapacitive Pressure Sensor for Wrist Arterial Pulse Waveform Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37921369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in wearable pressure sensors have led to the need for high sensitivity and a broad sensing range to accurately detect various physiological states. However, high sensitivity does not always translate to a wide sensing range, and manufacturing sensors with such high sensitivity is a complex and expensive process. In this study, we present a capacitive pressure sensor based on tissue paper that is simple to produce and cost-effective yet still exhibits high linear sensitivity of 2.9 kPa-1 in the 0-16 kPa range. The linear sensitivity of 1.5 kPa-1 was achieved from 16 to 90 kPa. The sensor also demonstrated a fast response time of 0.2 s, excellent pressure resolution at both low and high pressures, and a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, making it ideal for detecting wrist arterial pulse waveforms. We were also able to demonstrate the sensor's practicality in real-world applications by cycling it 5000 times and showing its capability to capture pulse waveforms from different arterial locations. These low-cost sensors possess all the intrinsic features necessary for efficient measurement of pulse waveforms, which may facilitate the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmal Huda Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Borzooye Jafarizadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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10
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Chowdhury AH, Jafarizadeh B, Baboukani AR, Pala N, Wang C. Monitoring and analysis of cardiovascular pulse waveforms using flexible capacitive and piezoresistive pressure sensors and machine learning perspective. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115449. [PMID: 37356409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in flexible electronics for physiological monitoring, particularly using flexible pressure sensors for cardiovascular pulse waveforms monitoring, has potential applications in cuffless blood pressure measurement and early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. High sensitivity, fast response time, good pressure resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio are essential for effective pulse waveform detection. This review focuses on flexible capacitive and piezoresistive pressure sensors, which have seen significant enhancements due to their simple operation, superior performance, wide range of materials, and easy fabrication. The comparison of sensing methods for acquiring pulse waveforms from the wrist artery, device integration configurations, high-quality pulse waveforms collection, and performance analysis of capacitive and piezoresistive sensors are discussed. The review also covers the use of machine learning for analyzing pulse waveforms for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and cuff-less blood pressure monitoring. Lastly, it provides perspectives on current challenges and further advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmal Huda Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Borzooye Jafarizadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Amin Rabiei Baboukani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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11
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Hua T, Xiang Z, Xia X, Li Z, Sun D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Chen J, Li R. A Sensitivity-Optimized Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Cylindrical Ladder Microstructural Dielectric Layers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094323. [PMID: 37177527 PMCID: PMC10181647 DOI: 10.3390/s23094323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their dynamic response and good sensing capability for static and small pressures. Using microstructural dielectric layers is an effective method for improving performance. However, the current state of microstructure design is primarily focused on basic shapes and is largely limited by simulation results; there is still a great deal of potential for further innovation and improvement. This paper innovatively proposes to increase the ladder structure based on the basic microstructures, for example, the long micro-ridge ladder, the cuboid ladder, and cylindrical ladder microstructures. By comparing 9 kinds of microstructures including ladder structure through finite element simulation, it is found that the sensor with a cylindrical ladder microstructure dielectric layer has the highest sensitivity. The dielectric layers with various microstructures are obtained by 3D printed molds, and the sensor with cylindrical ladder microstructure dielectric layer has the sensitivity of 0.12 kPa-1, which is about 3.9 times higher than that without microstructure. The flexible pressure sensor developed by us boasts sensitivity-optimized and operational stability, making it an ideal solution for monitoring rainfall frequency in real time.
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Grants
- U22A20248,52201236, 52105286, 52127803, 51931011, 51971233, 62174165, M-0152, U20A6001, U1909215, 52105286, 52201236, 62204246, 92064011, 62174164 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022M723251 China Postdoctoral Foundation
- 174433KYSB20190038, 174433KYSB20200013 External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- YJKYYQ20200030 Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- GJTD-2020-11 K.C. Wong Education Foundation
- 2018334 Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association
- 2022C01032 "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang
- 2021C01183 Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program
- LD22E010002 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
- LGG20F010006 Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Project
- 2019B10127, 2020Z022 Ningbo Scientific and Technological Innovation 2025 Major Project
- 20221JCGY010312 Ningbo Natural Science Foundations
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Materials, Jiangxi University of Sciences and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiangling Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhangling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Materials, Jiangxi University of Sciences and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Runwei Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Chen H, Guo D, Lei X, Wu W, Guo X, Li Y, Weng X, Liu S, Liu F. One-Step Laser Direct-Printing Process of a Hybrid Microstructure for Highly Sensitive Flexible Piezocapacitive Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21435-21443. [PMID: 37073628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures can effectively improve the sensing performance of flexible piezocapacitive sensors. Simple, low-cost fabrication methods for microstructures are key to facilitating the practical application of piezocapacitive sensors. Herein, based on the laser thermal effect and the thermal decomposition of glucose, a rapid, simple, and low-cost laser direct-printing process is proposed for the preparation of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based electrode with a hybrid microstructure. Combining the PDMS-based electrode with an ionic gel film, highly sensitive piezocapacitive sensors with different hybrid microstructures are realized. Due to the good mechanical properties brought about by the hybrid microstructure and the double electric layer induced by the ionic gel film, the sensor with a porous X-type microstructure exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 92.87 kPa-1 in the pressure range of 0-1000 Pa, a wide measurement range of 100 kPa, excellent stability (>3000 cycles), fast response time (100 ms) and recovery time (101 ms), and good reversibility. Furthermore, the sensor is used to monitor human physiological signals such as throat vibration, pulse, and facial muscle movement, demonstrating the application potential of the sensor in human health monitoring. Most importantly, the laser direct-printing process provides a new strategy for the one-step preparation of hybrid microstructures on thermal curing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Chen
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dingyi Guo
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Weiguang Wu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xuanqi Guo
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yunfan Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiaohong Weng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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13
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Liu T, Gou GY, Gao F, Yao P, Wu H, Guo Y, Yin M, Yang J, Wen T, Zhao M, Li T, Chen G, Sun J, Ma T, Cheng J, Qi Z, Chen J, Wang J, Han M, Fang Z, Gao Y, Liu C, Xue N. Multichannel Flexible Pulse Perception Array for Intelligent Disease Diagnosis System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5673-5685. [PMID: 36716225 PMCID: PMC10062340 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pressure sensors with high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and a quick response time are critical for building an intelligent disease diagnosis system that directly detects and recognizes pulse signals for medical and health applications. However, conventional pressure sensors have limited sensitivity and nonideal response ranges. We proposed a multichannel flexible pulse perception array based on polyimide/multiwalled carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite/polyimide (PI/MPN/PI) sandwich-structure pressure sensor that can be applied for remote disease diagnosis. Furthermore, we established a mechanical model at the molecular level and guided the preparation of MPN. At the structural level, we achieved high sensitivity (35.02 kPa-1) and a broad response range (0-18 kPa) based on a pyramid-like bilayer microstructure with different upper and lower surfaces. A 27-channel (3 × 9) high-density sensor array was integrated at the device level, which can extract the spatial and temporal distribution information on a pulse. Furthermore, two intelligent algorithms were developed for extracting six-dimensional pulse information and automatic pulse recognition (the recognition rate reaches 97.8%). The results indicate that intelligent disease diagnosis systems have great potential applications in wearable healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezhu Liu
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Guang-yang Gou
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Fupeng Gao
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Pan Yao
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
| | - Yusen Guo
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Minghui Yin
- Department
of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Jie Yang
- TCM
Data Center & Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese
Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical
Sciences (CAMS), Beijing100700, China
| | - Tiancai Wen
- TCM
Data Center & Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese
Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical
Sciences (CAMS), Beijing100700, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department
of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853, China
| | - Tong Li
- School
of Modern Post (School of Automation), Beijing
University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing100876, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School
of Modern Post (School of Automation), Beijing
University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing100876, China
| | - Jianhai Sun
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Tianjun Ma
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Jianqun Cheng
- School
of Integrated Circuit, Quanzhou University
of Information Engineering, Quanzhou, Fujian362000, China
| | - Zhimei Qi
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Mengdi Han
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing100091, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- Personalized
Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing10029, China
| | - Chunxiu Liu
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- Personalized
Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Ning Xue
- School
of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research
Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- Personalized
Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100190, China
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14
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Cho C, Kim D, Lee C, Oh JH. Ultrasensitive Ionic Liquid Polymer Composites with a Convex and Wrinkled Microstructure and Their Application as Wearable Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13625-13636. [PMID: 36861378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of pressure sensors with high sensitivity and effectiveness that exhibit linearity over a wide pressure range is crucial for wearable devices. In this study, we fabricated a novel ionic liquid (IL)/polymer composite with a convex and randomly wrinkled microstructure in a cost-effective and facile manner using an opaque glass and stretched polydimethylsiloxane template. The fabricated IL/polymer composite was used as the dielectric layer in a capacitive pressure sensor. The sensor exhibited a high linear sensitivity of 56.91 kPa-1 owing to the high interfacial capacitance formed by the electrical double layer of the IL/polymer composite over a relatively wide range (0-80 kPa). We also demonstrated the sensor performance for various applications such as a glove-attached sensor, sensor array, respiration monitoring mask, human pulse, blood pressure measurement, human motion detection, and a wide range of pressure sensing. It would be expected that the proposed pressure sensor has sufficient potential for use in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hoon Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lei D, Liu N, Su T, Zhang Q, Wang L, Ren Z, Gao Y. Roles of MXene in Pressure Sensing: Preparation, Composite Structure Design, and Mechanism. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110608. [PMID: 35291047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are one of the most important components in the fields of electronic skin (e-skin), robotics, and health monitoring. However, the application of pressure sensors in practice is still difficult and expensive due to the limited sensing properties and complex manufacturing process. The emergence of MXene, a red-hot member of the 2D nanomaterials, has brought a brand-new breakthrough for pressure sensing. Ti3 C2 Tx is the most popular studied MXene in the field of pressure sensing and shows good mechanical, electrical properties, excellent hydrophilicity, and extensive modifiability. It will ameliorate the properties of the sensitive layer and electrode layer of the pressure sensor, and further apply pressure sensing to many fields, such as e-skin flexibility. Herein, the preparation technologies, antioxidant methods, and properties of MXene are summarized. The design of MXene-based microstructures is introduced, including hydrogels, aerogels, foam, fabrics, and composite nanofibers. The mechanisms of MXene pressure sensors are further broached, including piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and potentiometric transduction mechanism. Moreover, the integration of multiple devices is reviewed. Finally, the chance and challenge of pressure sensors improved by MXene smart materials in future e-skin and the Internet of Things are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lei
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Nishuang Liu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tuoyi Su
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Luoxin Wang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Ren
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Gao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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16
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Shin YK, Shin Y, Lee JW, Seo MH. Micro-/Nano-Structured Biodegradable Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:952. [PMID: 36354461 PMCID: PMC9687959 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in biodegradable pressure sensors in the biomedical field is growing because of their temporary existence in wearable and implantable applications without any biocompatibility issues. In contrast to the limited sensing performance and biocompatibility of initially developed biodegradable pressure sensors, device performances and functionalities have drastically improved owing to the recent developments in micro-/nano-technologies including device structures and materials. Thus, there is greater possibility of their use in diagnosis and healthcare applications. This review article summarizes the recent advances in micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices. In particular, we focus on the considerable improvement in performance and functionality at the device-level that has been achieved by adapting the geometrical design parameters in the micro- and nano-meter range. First, the material choices and sensing mechanisms available for fabricating micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices are discussed. Then, this is followed by a historical development in the biodegradable pressure sensors. In particular, we highlight not only the fabrication methods and performances of the sensor device, but also their biocompatibility. Finally, we intoduce the recent examples of the micro/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyum Shin
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Yujin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
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17
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Versatile self-assembled electrospun micropyramid arrays for high-performance on-skin devices with minimal sensory interference. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5839. [PMID: 36192475 PMCID: PMC9530173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
On-skin devices that show both high performance and imperceptibility are desired for physiological information detection, individual protection, and bioenergy conversion with minimal sensory interference. Herein, versatile electrospun micropyramid arrays (EMPAs) combined with ultrathin, ultralight, gas-permeable structures are developed through a self-assembly technology based on wet heterostructured electrified jets to endow various on-skin devices with both superior performance and imperceptibility. The designable self-assembly allows structural and material optimization of EMPAs for on-skin devices applied in daytime radiative cooling, pressure sensing, and bioenergy harvesting. A temperature drop of ~4 °C is obtained via an EMPA-based radiative cooling fabric under a solar intensity of 1 kW m-2. Moreover, detection of an ultraweak fingertip pulse for health diagnosis during monitoring of natural finger manipulation over a wide frequency range is realized by an EMPA piezocapacitive-triboelectric hybrid sensor, which has high sensitivity (19 kPa-1), ultralow detection limit (0.05 Pa), and ultrafast response (≤0.8 ms). Additionally, EMPA nanogenerators with high triboelectric and piezoelectric outputs achieve reliable biomechanical energy harvesting. The flexible self-assembly of EMPAs exhibits immense potential in superb individual healthcare and excellent human-machine interaction in an interference-free and comfortable manner.
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18
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Yu H, Guo C, Ye X, Pan Y, Tu J, Wu Z, Chen Z, Liu X, Huang J, Ren Q, Li Y. Wide-Range Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Dielectrics with Various Porosity. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101588. [PMID: 36295942 PMCID: PMC9611044 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wide-range flexible pressure sensors are in difficulty in research while in demand in application. In this paper, a wide-range capacitive flexible pressure sensor is developed with the foaming agent ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). By controlling the concentration of NH4HCO3 doped in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and repeating the curing process, pressure-sensitive dielectrics with various porosity are fabricated to expand the detection range of the capacitive pressure sensor. The shape and the size of each dielectric is defined by the 3D printed mold. To improve the dielectric property of the dielectric, a 1% weight ratio of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are doped into PDMS liquid. Besides that, a 5% weight ratio of MWCNTs is dispersed into deionized water and then coated on the electrodes to improve the contact state between copper electrodes and the dielectric. The laminated dielectric layer and two electrodes are assembled and tested. In order to verify the effectiveness of this design, some reference devices are prepared, such as sensors based on the dielectric with uniform porosity and a sensor with common copper electrodes. According to the testing results of these sensors, it can be seen that the sensor based on the dielectric with various porosity has higher sensitivity and a wider pressure detection range, which can detect the pressure range from 0 kPa to 1200 kPa and is extended to 300 kPa compared with the dielectric with uniform porosity. Finally, the sensor is applied to the fingerprint, finger joint, and knee bending test. The results show that the sensor has the potential to be applied to human motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Yu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chengxi Guo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yifei Pan
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiacheng Tu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zefang Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xueyang Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qingying Ren
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronic (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication; Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Nie Z, Kwak JW, Han M, Rogers JA. Mechanically Active Materials and Devices for Bio-Interfaced Pressure Sensors-A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2205609. [PMID: 35951770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pressures generated by external forces or by internal body processes represent parameters of critical importance in diagnosing physiological health and in anticipating injuries. Examples span intracranial hypertension from traumatic brain injuries, high blood pressure from poor diet, pressure-induced skin ulcers from immobility, and edema from congestive heart failure. Pressures measured on the soft surfaces of vital organs or within internal cavities of the body can provide essential insights into patient status and progression. Challenges lie in the development of high-performance pressure sensors that can softly interface with biological tissues to enable safe monitoring for extended periods of time. This review focuses on recent advances in mechanically active materials and structural designs for classes of soft pressure sensors that have proven uses in these contexts. The discussions include applications of such sensors as implantable and wearable systems, with various unique capabilities in wireless continuous monitoring, minimally invasive deployment, natural degradation in biofluids, and/or multiplexed spatiotemporal mapping. A concluding section summarizes challenges and future opportunities for this growing field of materials and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jean Won Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mengdi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Wearable Near-Field Communication Sensors for Healthcare: Materials, Fabrication and Application. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050784. [PMID: 35630251 PMCID: PMC9146494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The wearable device industry is on the rise, with technology applications ranging from wireless communication technologies to the Internet of Things. However, most of the wearable sensors currently on the market are expensive, rigid and bulky, leading to poor data accuracy and uncomfortable wearing experiences. Near-field communication sensors are low-cost, easy-to-manufacture wireless communication technologies that are widely used in many fields, especially in the field of wearable electronic devices. The integration of wireless communication devices and sensors exhibits tremendous potential for these wearable applications by endowing sensors with new features of wireless signal transferring and conferring radio frequency identification or near-field communication devices with a sensing function. Likewise, the development of new materials and intensive research promotes the next generation of ultra-light and soft wearable devices for healthcare. This review begins with an introduction to the different components of near-field communication, with particular emphasis on the antenna design part of near-field communication. We summarize recent advances in different wearable areas of near-field communication sensors, including structural design, material selection, and the state of the art of scenario-based development. The challenges and opportunities relating to wearable near-field communication sensors for healthcare are also discussed.
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Highly stable flexible pressure sensors with a quasi-homogeneous composition and interlinked interfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1317. [PMID: 35273183 PMCID: PMC8913661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) are devices that can respond to mechanical stimuli and enable robots to perceive their surroundings. A great challenge for existing e-skins is that they may easily fail under extreme mechanical conditions due to their multilayered architecture with mechanical mismatch and weak adhesion between the interlayers. Here we report a flexible pressure sensor with tough interfaces enabled by two strategies: quasi-homogeneous composition that ensures mechanical match of interlayers, and interlinked microconed interface that results in a high interfacial toughness of 390 J·m−2. The tough interface endows the sensor with exceptional signal stability determined by performing 100,000 cycles of rubbing, and fixing the sensor on a car tread and driving 2.6 km on an asphalt road. The topological interlinks can be further extended to soft robot-sensor integration, enabling a seamless interface between the sensor and robot for highly stable sensing performance during manipulation tasks under complicated mechanical conditions. E-skins often have poor interfaces that lead to unstable performances. Here, authors report e-skins with a quasi-homogeneous composition and bonded micro-structured interfaces, through which both the sensitivity and stability of the devices are improved.
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22
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Li WD, Ke K, Jia J, Pu JH, Zhao X, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Bai L, Zhang K, Yang MB, Yang W. Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E-skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103734. [PMID: 34825473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e-skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e-skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated and highly sensitive flexible sensors with multiresponsive functions are becoming a big thrust for the detection of human body motions, physiological signals (e.g., skin temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiograms (ECG), electromyograms (EMG), sweat, etc.) and environmental stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), which are vital to real-time and all-round human health monitoring and management. Herein, this review summarizes the design, manufacturing, and application of multiresponsive flexible sensors and presents the future challenges of fabricating these sensors for the next-generation e-skin and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Di Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jun-Hong Pu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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23
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Zhu Y, Hartel MC, Yu N, Garrido PR, Kim S, Lee J, Bandaru P, Guan S, Lin H, Emaminejad S, de Barros NR, Ahadian S, Kim HJ, Sun W, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Weiss PS, Yan R, Khademhosseini A. Epidermis-Inspired Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Self-Wrapped Copper Nanowire Networks. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100900. [PMID: 35041280 PMCID: PMC8852346 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable piezoresistive sensors are being developed as electronic skins (E-skin) for broad applications in human physiological monitoring and soft robotics. Tactile sensors with sufficient sensitivities, durability, and large dynamic ranges are required to replicate this critical component of the somatosensory system. Multiple micro/nanostructures, materials, and sensing modalities have been reported to address this need. However, a trade-off arises between device performance and device complexity. Inspired by the microstructure of the spinosum at the dermo epidermal junction in skin, a low-cost, scalable, and high-performance piezoresistive sensor is developed with high sensitivity (0.144 kPa-1 ), extensive sensing range ( 0.1-15 kPa), fast response time (less than 150 ms), and excellent long-term stability (over 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the piezoresistive functionality of the device is realized via a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) using a highly stable reduced graphene oxide self-wrapped copper nanowire network. The developed nanowire-based spinosum microstructured FTEs are amenable to wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Martin C. Hartel
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pamela Rosario Garrido
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Technological Institute of Merida, Merida, Yucatan 97118, Mexico
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Shenghan Guan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Haisong Lin
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Wujin Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruoxue Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Materials Science & Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
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24
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Zhu H, Hu X, Liu B, Chen Z, Qu S. 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogel-Elastomer Hybrids for Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59243-59251. [PMID: 34870967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electronically conductive hydrogels integrated with dielectric elastomers show great promise in a wide range of applications, such as biomedical devices, soft robotics, and stretchable electronics. However, one big conundrum that impedes the functionality and performance of hydrogel-elastomer-based devices lies in the strict demands of device integration and the requirements for devices with satisfactory mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, the digital light processing three-dimensional (3D) printing method is used to fabricate 3D functional devices that bridge submillimeter-scale device resolution to centimeter-scale object size and simultaneously realize complex hybrid structures with strong adhesion interfaces and desired functionalities. The interconnected poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) network endows the PAAm hydrogel with high conductivity and superior electrical stability and poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) functions as an insulating medium. The strong interfacial bonding between the hydrogel and elastomer is achieved by incomplete photopolymerization that ensures the stability of the hybrid structure. Lastly, applications of stretchable electronics illustrated as 3D-printed electroluminescent devices and 3D-printed capacitive sensors are conceptually demonstrated. This strategy will open up avenues to fabricate conductive hydrogel-elastomer hybrids in next-generation multifunctional stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaocheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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25
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Fu X, Zhang J, Xiao J, Kang Y, Yu L, Jiang C, Pan Y, Dong H, Gao S, Wang Y. A high-resolution, ultrabroad-range and sensitive capacitive tactile sensor based on a CNT/PDMS composite for robotic hands. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18780-18788. [PMID: 34750598 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensors are of great significance for robotic perception improvement to realize stable object manipulation and accurate object identification. To date, developing a broad-range tactile sensor array with high sensitivity economically remains a critical challenge. In this study, a flexible capacitive tactile sensor array, consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, parylene films, and two polyimide (PI) films patterned with electrodes, is facilely prepared. The CNT/PDMS film, acting as a giant dielectric permittivity material, is utilized to improve the sensitivity, while the parylene film serves as the scaffold architecture to extend the working range of the tactile sensor array. Also, it is promising to realize mass production for this sensor array due to the scalable fabrication procedure. The as-prepared sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance with a high sensitivity of 1.61% kPa-1 (<1 MPa), an ultra-broad pressure working range of 0.9 kPa-2.55 MPa, an outstanding durability, a stability up to 5000 cycles, and a fast response time. By integrating our tactile sensor array with a robotic gripper, we show that robots can successfully differentiate object shapes and manipulate light and heavy objects with a closed-loop pressure feedback, demonstrating its great potential in robotic perception and wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuran Kang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Longteng Yu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chengpeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shuaikang Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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26
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Ruth SRA, Kim MG, Oda H, Wang Z, Khan Y, Chang J, Fox PM, Bao Z. Post-surgical wireless monitoring of arterial health progression. iScience 2021; 24:103079. [PMID: 34568798 PMCID: PMC8449246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of limb ischemia, strokes, and heart attacks may be enabled via long-term monitoring of arterial health. Early stenosis, decreased blood flow, and clots are common after surgical vascular bypass or plaque removal from a diseased vessel and can lead to the above diseases. Continuous arterial monitoring for the early diagnosis of such complications is possible by implanting a sensor during surgery that is wirelessly monitored by patients after surgery. Here, we report the design of a wireless capacitive sensor wrapped around the artery during surgery for continuous post-operative monitoring of arterial health. The sensor responds to diverse artery sizes and extents of occlusion in vitro to at least 20 cm upstream and downstream of the sensor. It demonstrated strong capability to monitor progression of arterial occlusion in human cadaver and small animal models. This technology is promising for wireless monitoring of arterial health for pre-symptomatic disease detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R A Ruth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Min-Gu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yasser Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Chang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paige M Fox
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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27
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Qin J, Yin LJ, Hao YN, Zhong SL, Zhang DL, Bi K, Zhang YX, Zhao Y, Dang ZM. Flexible and Stretchable Capacitive Sensors with Different Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008267. [PMID: 34240474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sensors that can imitate human skin have received extensive attention. Capacitive sensors have a simple structure, low loss, no temperature drift, and other excellent properties, and can be applied in the fields of robotics, human-machine interactions, medical care, and health monitoring. Polymer matrices are commonly employed in flexible capacitive sensors because of their high flexibility. However, their volume is almost unchanged when pressure is applied, and they are inherently viscoelastic. These shortcomings severely lead to high hysteresis and limit the improvement in sensitivity. Therefore, considerable efforts have been applied to improve the sensing performance by designing different microstructures of materials. Herein, two types of sensors based on the applied forces are discussed, including pressure sensors and strain sensors. Currently, five types of microstructures are commonly used in pressure sensors, while four are used in strain sensors. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical values of the different structures are systematically elaborated. Finally, future perspectives of microstructures for capacitive sensors are discussed, with the aim of providing a guide for designing advanced flexible and stretchable capacitive sensors via ingenious human-made microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Li-Juan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Shao-Long Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dong-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ke Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Yong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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28
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Stretchable Capacitive Pressure Sensing Sleeve Deployable onto Catheter Balloons towards Continuous Intra-Abdominal Pressure Monitoring. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050156. [PMID: 34069108 PMCID: PMC8157154 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is closely correlated with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) diagnoses, indicating the need for continuous monitoring. Early intervention for IAH and ACS has been proven to reduce the rate of morbidity. However, the current IAP monitoring method is a tedious process with a long calibration time for a single time point measurement. Thus, there is the need for an efficient and continuous way of measuring IAP. Herein, a stretchable capacitive pressure sensor with controlled microstructures embedded into a cylindrical elastomeric mold, fabricated as a pressure sensing sleeve, is presented. The sensing sleeve can be readily deployed onto intrabody catheter balloons for pressure measurement at the site. The thin and highly conformable nature of the pressure sensing sleeve captures the pressure change without hindering the functionality of the foley catheter balloon.
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