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Wang S, Liu S, Chen W, Hu Y, Chen D, He M, Zhou M, Lei T, Zhang Y, Xiong J. Designing Reliable Cathode System for High-Performance Inorganic Solid-State Pouch Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401889. [PMID: 38554399 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes fascinate a large body of researchers in terms of overcoming the inferior energy density and safety issues of existing lithium-ion batteries. To date, the cathode designs in the ASSBs achieve remarkable achievements, adding the urgency of scaling up the battery system toward inorganic solid-state pouch cell configuration for the application market. Herein, the recent developments of cathode materials and the design considerations for their application in the pouch cell format are reviewed to straighten out the roadmap of ASSBs. Specifically, the intercalation compounds and the conversion materials with conversion chemistries are highlighted and discussed as two potentially valuable material types. This review focuses on the basic electrochemical mechanisms, mechanical contact issues, and sheet-type structure in inorganic solid-state pouch cells with corresponding perspectives, thus guiding the future research direction. Finally, the benchmarks for manufacturing inorganic solid-state pouch cells to meet practical high energy density targets are provided in this review for the development of commercially viable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yin Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Dongjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Tianyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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Zhou J, Chu Y, Liu W, Chu F, Guan Z, He Z, Li J, Wu F. Mg/Al Double-Pillared LiNiO 2 as a Co-Free Ternary Cathode Material Ensuring Stable Cycling at 4.6 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13948-13960. [PMID: 38441538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt-free (Co-free) and nickel-rich (Ni-rich) cathode materials have attracted significant attention and undergone extensive studies due to their affordability and superior energy density. However, the commercialization of these Co-free materials is hindered by challenges such as cation disorder, irreversible phase changes, and inadequate high-voltage performance. To overcome these challenges, a Co-free ternary cathode material of Mg/Al double-pillared LiNiO2 (NMA) synthesized via a wet-coating and lithiation-sintering technique is proposed. Fundamental studies reveal that Mg and Al have the potential to form a distinctive double-pillar structure within the layered cathode, enhancing its structural stability. To be specific, the strategic placement of Mg and Al in Li and Ni layers, respectively, effectively reduces Li+/Ni2+ disorder and prevents irreversible phase transitions. Additionally, the inclusion of Mg and Al refines the primary grains and compacts the secondary grains in the cathode material, reducing stress from cyclic usage and preventing material cracking, thereby mitigating electrolyte erosion. As a result, NMA demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance under a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. It maintains 70% of initial specific capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C and exhibits excellent rate performance, with a capacity of 162 mAh g-1 at 5 C and 149 mAh g-1 at 10 C. As a whole, the produced NMA achieves a high structural stability in cases of excessive delithiation, providing a groundbreaking solution for the development of cost-effective and high-energy-density cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Chu
- School of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- School of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Fulu Chu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zengqiang Guan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Li
- School of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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Liang P, Qi K, Chen S, Ding X, Wu X, Wu C, Zhu Y. Low-Electronegativity Cationic High-Entropy Doping to Trigger Stable Anion Redox Activity for High-Ni Co-Free Layered Cathodes in Li-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318186. [PMID: 38179819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM-811) exhibits the highest capacity in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and the high Ni content (80 %) provides the only route for high energy density. However, the cationic structure instability arisen from the increase of Ni content (>80 %) limits the further increase of the capacity, and inevitable O2 release related to anionic structure instability hinders the utilization of anion redox activity. Here, by comparing various combinations of high-entropy dopants substituted Co element, we propose a low-electronegativity cationic high-entropy doping strategy to fabricate the high-Ni Co-free layered cathode (LiNi0.8 Mn0.12 Al0.02 Ti0.02 Cr0.02 Fe0.02 O2 ) that exhibits much higher capacity and cycling stability. Configurational disorder originated from cationic high-entropy doping in transition metal (TM) layer, anchors the oxidized lattice oxygen ((O2 )n- ) to preserve high (O2 )n- content, triggering the anion redox activity. Electron transfer induced by applying TM dopants with lower electronegativity than that of Co element, increases the electron density of O in TM-O octahedron (TM-O6 ) configuration to reach higher (O2 )n- content, resulting in the higher anion redox activity. With exploring the stabilization effect on both cations and anions of high-entropy doping and low-electronegativity cationic modified anion redox activity, we propose an innovative and variable pathway for rationally tuning the properties of commercial cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Hou P, Gong M, Tian Y, Li F. A new high-valence cation pillar within the Li layer of compositionally optimized Ni-rich LiNi 0.9Co 0.1O 2 with improved structural stability for Li-ion battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:129-136. [PMID: 37713911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevating the nickel (Ni) content within layered cathodes constitutes a straightforward and effective approach to enhance the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the phase transition from H2 to H3 introduces substantial alterations in lattice volume, leading to structural degradation and diminished electrochemical performance. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine that the formation energy for Nb5+ occupied at Li 3b sites is lower compared to that of Ni 3a and Co 3a sites, yet higher than that of Mn 3a sites. This suggests a preference for Nb5+ doping within the Li layer of Mn-free cathodes. Motivated by these DFT results, we show the viability of high-valence Nb5+ as a stable pillar in the compositionally optimized binary oxide LiNi0.9Co0.1O2. The inclusion of this Nb5+ pillar in the Li layer of Ni/Co-based oxide significantly enhances the reversibility of the H2-H3 redox couple and mitigates microcrack formation in polycrystalline cathodes. As a result, the Nb-doped Ni/Co-based cathode exhibits an extended cycling lifespan, elevated rate capability, and increased thermal stability compared to the undoped. This investigation achieves precise control over doping sites by optimizing the chemical composition of Ni-rich cathodes and provides novel insights into advancing their electrochemical performance for high-energy LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Hou
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Maosheng Gong
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Choi WS, Kim M, Kim IT. Te-rP-C Anodes Prepared Using a Scalable Milling Process for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2156. [PMID: 38138325 PMCID: PMC10745479 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Red phosphorus (rP) is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, owing to its high theoretical capacity. However, its low electronic conductivity and large volume expansion during cycling limit its practical applications, as it exhibits low electrochemical activity and unstable cyclability. To address these problems, tellurium (Te)-rP-C composites, which have active materials (Te, rP) that are uniformly distributed within the carbon matrix, were fabricated through a simple high-energy ball milling method. Among the three electrodes, the Te-rP (1:2)-C electrode with a 5% FEC additive delivers a high initial CE of 80% and a high reversible capacity of 734 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1. Additionally, it exhibits a high-rate capacity of 580 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 10,000 mA g-1. Moreover, a comparison of the electrolytes with and without the 5% FEC additive demonstrated improved cycling stability when the FEC additive was used. Ex situ XRD analysis demonstrated the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of Te-rP (1:2)-C after cycling based on the cyclic voltammetry results. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis results, a Te-rP-C composite with its notable electrochemical performance as an anode can sufficiently contribute to the battery anode industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Il Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (W.S.C.); (M.K.)
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Qiu H, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Na + Lattice Doping Induces Oxygen Vacancies to Achieve High Capacity and Mitigate Voltage Decay of Li-Rich Cathodes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098035. [PMID: 37175736 PMCID: PMC10179001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized 1D hollow square rod-shaped MnO2, and then obtained Na+ lattice doped-oxygen vacancy lithium-rich layered oxide by a simple molten salt template strategy. Different from the traditional synthesis method, the hollow square rod-shaped MnO2 in NaCl molten salt provides numerous anchor points for Li, Co, and Ni ions to directly prepare Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 on the original morphology. Meanwhile, Na+ is also introduced for lattice doping and induces the formation of oxygen vacancy. Therefrom, the modulated sample not only inherits the 1D rod-like morphology but also achieves Na+ lattice doping and oxygen vacancy endowment, which facilitates Li+ diffusion and improves the structural stability of the material. To this end, transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other characterization are used for analysis. In addition, density functional theory is used to further analyze the influence of oxygen vacancy generation on local transition metal ions, and theoretically explain the mechanism of the electrochemical performance of the samples. Therefore, the modulated sample has a high discharge capacity of 282 mAh g-1 and a high capacity retention of 90.02% after 150 cycles. At the same time, the voltage decay per cycle is only 0.0028 V, which is much lower than that of the material (0.0038 V per cycle) prepared without this strategy. In summary, a simple synthesis strategy is proposed, which can realize the morphology control of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, doping of Na+ lattice, and inducing the formation of oxygen vacancy, providing a feasible idea for related exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Youxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li Y, Gao J, Lan X, Feng G, Zhang Y, Guo Z. Solidification and recovery of Cr from hazardous Cr-bearing steel slag: Selective solidification, super-gravity separation and crystal characterization. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xie H, Tan L, Yao Z, Cui J, Ding X, Zhang Z, Luo D, Lin Z. Phosphorylation of Li-Rich Mn-Based Layered Oxides for Anion Redox and Structural Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2881-2890. [PMID: 36608156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides are proposed to be candidates for high-energy Li-ion batteries. However, their large-scale production is still hampered by poor rate capability and severe voltage decay. It was mainly attributed to the irreversible oxygen loss, which induces transition metal ion migration, electrolyte consumption, and structural evolution. Herein, we propose an effective strategy of phosphorylation, in which the phosphate ion is induced to remove the surface labile oxygen. It urges the Li2MnO3 component to transform to the spinel-like structure and promotes the anionic redox process, thus facilitating lithium-ion diffusion and improving structural stability. As a result, the Li2MnO3 component is more prone to be activated, with the capacity increased by 18% in comparison with the pristine one. It also exhibits a superior capacity retention of 86.1% after 150 extended cycles and better rate performance delivering a capacity of 148.1 mA h g-1 even at 10 C. The effective phosphorylation opens a new way to tune anion redox chemistry and obtain structurally stable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Liping Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Zhuo Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Xiaokai Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Zuhao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
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Jiang G, Liu L, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Dong P, Ouyang Q, Zhu Z. Toward the efficient direct regeneration of spent cathode materials through the effect of residual sodium ions analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116661. [PMID: 36372038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries is an important means for promoting sustainability within the energy industry. In this study, the effects of residual sodium on the regeneration process and the performance of spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 were explored. An appropriate amount of residual sodium was found to improve the properties of the regenerated material, with the best cycle performance and rate performance at a residual sodium of 3 mol %. The first-cycle and 100-cycle discharge capacities were 136.4 mA h g-1 and 120 mA h g-1, respectively, with a capacity retention rate of 87.98% after 100 cycles at a rate of 1 C. The electrochemical performance of the regenerated cathode materials was improved because sodium occupied the lithium sites in the crystal structure, providing a channel for lithium deintercalation. These results indicate that the residual sodium ions should be monitored in appropriate quantities to improve the efficiency of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China; Graphene Materials Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Colleges and Universities, Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Used Power Batteries Recycling, Advanced Batteries and Materials Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Qi Meng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Peng Dong
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Quansheng Ouyang
- Graphene Materials Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Colleges and Universities, Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Used Power Batteries Recycling, Advanced Batteries and Materials Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, China
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Min K. Dual Doping with Cation and Anion for Enhancing the Structural Stability of Sodium-Ion Layered Cathode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13006-13014. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05327b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First-principles-based calculations were implemented to explore the ideal combination of cations and anions as dual dopants for enhancing the structural stability of the sodium-ion layered cathode for application in sodium...
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