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Li W, Liu X, Wang Y, Peng L, Jin X, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Chen J, Wang W. Research on high sensitivity piezoresistive sensor based on structural design. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:88. [PMID: 38753219 PMCID: PMC11098999 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
With the popularity of smart terminals, wearable electronic devices have shown great market prospects, especially high-sensitivity pressure sensors, which can monitor micro-stimuli and high-precision dynamic external stimuli, and will have an important impact on future functional development. Compressible flexible sensors have attracted wide attention due to their simple sensing mechanism and the advantages of light weight and convenience. Sensors with high sensitivity are very sensitive to pressure and can detect resistance/current changes under pressure, which has been widely studied. On this basis, this review focuses on analyzing the performance impact of device structure design strategies on high sensitivity pressure sensors. The design of structures can be divided into interface microstructures and three-dimensional framework structures. The preparation methods of various structures are introduced in detail, and the current research status and future development challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Lutai School of Textile and Apparel, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Peng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaohui Jiang
- Lutai School of Textile and Apparel, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengge Guo
- Lutai School of Textile and Apparel, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- PLA Naval Medical Center, Shang Hai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
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Pang C, Li F, Hu X, Meng K, Pan H, Xiang Y. Degradable silk fibroin based piezoresistive sensor for wearable biomonitoring. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:55. [PMID: 38526672 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Degradable wearable electronics are attracting increasing attention to weaken or eliminate the negative effect of waste e-wastes and promote the development of medical implants without secondary post-treatment. Although various degradable materials have been explored for wearable electronics, the development of degradable wearable electronics with integrated characteristics of highly sensing performances and low-cost manufacture remains challenging. Herein, we developed a facile, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach to fabricate a biocompatible and degradable silk fibroin based wearable electronics (SFWE) for on-body monitoring. A combination of rose petal templating and hollow carbon nanospheres endows as-fabricated SFWE with good sensitivity (5.63 kPa-1), a fast response time (147 ms), and stable durability (15,000 cycles). The degradable phenomenon has been observed in the solution of 1 M NaOH, confirming that silk fibroin based wearable electronics possess degradable property. Furthermore, the as-fabricated SFWE have been demonstrated that have abilities to monitor knuckle bending, muscle movement, and facial expression. This work offers an ecologically-benign and cost-effective approach to fabricate high-performance wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Pang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaorao Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Keyu Meng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yong Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Advanced Energy Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Sichuan Flexible Display Material Genome Engineering Center, Chengdu, China.
- Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhou J, Zhao S, Tang L, Zhang D, Sheng B. Programmable and Weldable Superelastic EGaIn/TPU Composite Fiber by Wet Spinning for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38031357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As an essential component of flexible electronics, superelastic conductive fibers with good mechanical and electrical properties have drawn significant attention, especially in their preparation. In this study, we prepared a superelastic conductive fiber composed of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by simple wet spinning. The composite conductive fiber with a liquid metal (LM) content of 85 wt % achieved a maximum strain at a break of 659.2%, and after the conductive pathway in the porous structure of the composite fibers was fully activated, high conductivity (1.2 × 105 S/m) was achieved with 95 wt % LM by mechanical sintering and training processes. The prepared conductive fibers exhibited a stable resistive response as the fibers were strained and could be sewn into fabrics and used as wearable strain sensors to monitor various human motions. These conductive fibers can be molded into helical by heating, and they have excellent electrical properties at a maximum mechanical strain of 3400% (resistance change <0.27%) with a helical index of 11. Moreover, the conductive fibers can be welded to various two or three-dimensional conductors. In summary, with a scalable manufacturing process, weldability, superelasticity, and high electrical conductivity, EGaIn/TPU composite fibers fabricated by wet spinning have considerable potential for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhou
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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Hu F, Huang Z, Luo C, Yue K. High-sensitivity and ultralow-hysteresis fluorine-rich ionogel strain sensors for multi-environment contact and contactless sensing. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5907-5919. [PMID: 37870851 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01138k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Information transduction via soft strain sensors under harsh conditions such as marine, oily liquid, vacuum, and extreme temperatures without excess encapsulation facilitates modern scientific and military exploration. However, most reported soft strain sensors struggle to meet these requirements, especially in complex environments. Herein, a class of fluorine-rich ionogels with tunable ultimate strain, high conductivity, and multi-environment tolerance are designed. Abundant ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions lead to excellent miscibility between the hydrophobic ionic liquid and the fluorinated polyacrylate matrix, as well as adhesion to diverse substrates in amphibious environments. The ionogel-based sensors, even in encapsulation-free form, exhibit stable operation with a negligible hysteresis (as low as 0.119%) and high sensitivity (gauge factor of up to 6.54) under amphibious conditions. Multi-environment sensing instances in contact and even contactless forms are also demonstrated. This study opens the door for the artificial syntheses of multi-environment tolerance ionic skins with robust sensing applications in soft electronics and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqi Hu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology and School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhenkai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology and School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology and School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymers Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
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Zhu T, Wu K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Sun J. Highly stable and strain-insensitive metal film conductors via manipulating strain distribution. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5920-5930. [PMID: 37873924 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal film-based stretchable conductors are essential elements of flexible electronics for wearable, biomedical, and robotic applications, which require strain-insensitive high conductivity over a wide strain range and excellent cyclic stability. However, they suffer from serious electrical failure under monotonic and cyclic tensile loading at a small strain due to the uncontrolled film cracking behavior. Here, we propose a novel in-plane crack control strategy of engineering hierarchical microstructures to achieve outstanding electromechanical performance via harnessing the strain distribution in metal films. The wrinkles delay the crack initiation at undercuts which should be the most vulnerable sites during the stretching process. The surface protrusions/grooves/undercuts inhibit the crack propagation because of the effective strain redistribution. In addition, hierarchical microstructures significantly improve cyclic stability due to the strong interfacial adhesion and stable crack patterns. The metal film-based conductors exhibit ultrahigh strain-insensitive conductivity (1.7 × 107 S m-1), negligible resistance change (ΔR/R0 = 0.007) over an ultra-wide strain range (>200%), and excellent cyclic strain durability (>15 000 cycles at 100% strain). A range of metal films was explored to establish the universality of this strategy, including ductile copper and silver, as well as brittle molybdenum and high entropy alloy. We demonstrate the strain-insensitive electrical functionality of a metal film-based conductor in a flexible light-emitting diode circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
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Liu C, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wei C, Li F, Qing N, Tang L. Highly adhesive chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels via the synergy of phytic acid and boric acid and their application as highly sensitive and widely linear strain sensors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3488-3498. [PMID: 37249353 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible strain sensors have attracted increasing interest, and accurate sensing and comfortable wearables are highly demanded. However, current flexible strain sensors fail to have wide linearity and high sensitivity simultaneously, and their adhesion is insufficient for convenient wear and precise motion monitoring. Herein, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with phytic acid (PA) and boric acid (BA) as crosslinkers (CS/PVA-PA-BA hydrogels) were fabricated. The synergy of phytic acid and boric acid not only improved the mechanical properties of the obtained hydrogels (1070% of fracture strain and 0.83 MPa of fracture stress), but also provided them with outstandingly strong adhesion. Their adhesive strength was up to 527 kPa for a variety of materials, including glass, silica rubber, steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and skin. In addition, the hydrogel-based strain sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (gauge factor = 4.61), a wide linear strain range (up to 1000%, R2 = 0.996), fast response time (90 ms), and good stability. A flexible strain sensor with such high sensitivity and wide linear range simultaneously, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported before. The development of CS/PVA-PA-BA hydrogels is expected to inspire a novel method for high-adhesive and high-sensing-performance wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwen Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Chengmeng Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Ning Qing
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Liuyan Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
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Cho CJ, Chung PY, Tsai YW, Yang YT, Lin SY, Huang PS. Stretchable Sensors: Novel Human Motion Monitoring Wearables. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2375. [PMID: 37630960 PMCID: PMC10459719 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A human body monitoring system remains a significant focus, and to address the challenges in wearable sensors, a nanotechnology-enhanced strategy is proposed for designing stretchable metal-organic polymer nanocomposites. The nanocomposite comprises reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and in-situ generated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within elastic electrospun polystyrene-butadiene-polystyrene (SBS) fibers. The resulting Sandwich Structure Piezoresistive Woven Nanofabric (SSPWN) is a tactile-sensitive wearable sensor with remarkable performance. It exhibits a rapid response time (less than three milliseconds) and high reproducible stability over 5500 cycles. The nanocomposite also demonstrates exceptional thermal stability due to effective connections between rGO and AgNPs, making it suitable for wearable electronic applications. Furthermore, the SSPWN is successfully applied to human motion monitoring, including various areas of the hand and RGB sensing shoes for foot motion monitoring. This nanotechnology-enhanced strategy shows promising potential for intelligent healthcare, health monitoring, gait detection, and analysis, offering exciting prospects for future wearable electronic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.L.)
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Zhou W, Xiao P, Zhang C, Yang Q, Chen T. Dynamic competitive strains enabled self-supporting Janus nanostructured films for high-performance airflow perception. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1264-1273. [PMID: 36786523 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, piezoresistive airflow sensing systems have shown extensive potential applications in aerospace, weather forecasting, mineral enterprises, and wearable electronics. However, the achievement of both an ultralow detection limit and broad monitoring range still remains challenging. Here, we propose a self-supported Janus film based on a graphene/carbon sphere-elastomer hybrid, which allows us to sensitively and efficiently perceive tiny and strong airflows via responding with opposite current variations enabled by the dynamic competition of transverse and longitudinal strains. The achieved film enables an ultralow detection limit of ∼0.0087 m s-1, a wide detection range of 0.0087-23 m s-1, favorable response speed as fast as ∼0.1 s, and signal stability for 1150 cycles. Furthermore, an artificial smart spiderweb array system is delicately designed to efficiently distinguish the position and intensity of the applied airflow for efficient non-contact manipulation, enabling significant potential in the development of advanced soft electronics and smart biomimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Tadesse MG, Lübben JF. Recent Progress in Self-Healable Hydrogel-Based Electroluminescent Devices: A Comprehensive Review. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030250. [PMID: 36975699 PMCID: PMC10048157 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible electronics have gained significant research attention in recent years due to their potential applications as smart and functional materials. Typically, electroluminescence devices produced by hydrogel-based materials are among the most notable flexible electronics. With their excellent flexibility and their remarkable electrical, adaptable mechanical and self-healing properties, functional hydrogels offer a wealth of insights and opportunities for the fabrication of electroluminescent devices that can be easily integrated into wearable electronics for various applications. Various strategies have been developed and adapted to obtain functional hydrogels, and at the same time, high-performance electroluminescent devices have been fabricated based on these functional hydrogels. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various functional hydrogels that have been used for the development of electroluminescent devices. It also highlights some challenges and future research prospects for hydrogel-based electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkie Getnet Tadesse
- Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, Ethiopia
| | - Jörn Felix Lübben
- Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany
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Kong X, Li H, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Gong M, Lin X, Wang D. Direct Writing of Silver Nanowire Patterns with Line Width down to 50 μm and Ultrahigh Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9906-9915. [PMID: 36762969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct writing of one-dimensional nanomaterials with large aspect ratios into customized, highly conductive, and high-resolution patterns is a challenging task. In this work, thin silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a length-to-diameter ratio of 730 are employed as a representative example to demonstrate a potent direct ink writing (DIW) strategy, in which aqueous inks using a natural polymer, sodium alginate, as the thickening agent can be easily patterned with arbitrary geometries and controllable structural features on a variety of planar substrates. With the aid of a quick spray-and-dry postprinting treatment at room temperature, the electrical conductivity and substrate adhesion of the written AgNWs-patterns improve simultaneously. This simple, environment benign, and low-temperature DIW strategy is effective for depositing AgNWs into patterns that are high-resolution (with line width down to 50 μm), highly conductive (up to 1.26 × 105 S/cm), and mechanically robust and have a large alignment order of NWs, regardless of the substrate's hardness, smoothness, and hydrophilicity. Soft electroadhesion grippers utilizing as-manufactured interdigitated AgNWs-electrodes exhibit an increased shear adhesion force of up to 15.5 kPa at a driving voltage of 3 kV, indicating the strategy is very promising for the decentralized and customized manufacturing of soft electrodes for future soft electronics and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hejian Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Gong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Faraco TA, Fontes MDL, Paschoalin RT, Claro AM, Gonçalves IS, Cavicchioli M, de Farias RL, Cremona M, Ribeiro SJL, Barud HDS, Legnani C. Review of Bacterial Nanocellulose as Suitable Substrate for Conformable and Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030479. [PMID: 36771781 PMCID: PMC9918992 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the development of nanotechnology progresses, organic electronics have gained momentum in recent years, and the production and rapid development of electronic devices based on organic semiconductors, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), and organic field effect transistors (OFETs), among others, have excelled. Their uses extend to the fabrication of intelligent screens for televisions and portable devices, due to their flexibility and versatility. Lately, great efforts have been reported in the literature to use them in the biomedical field, such as in photodynamic therapy. In tandem, there has been considerable interest in the design of advanced materials originating from natural sources. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural polymer synthesized by many microorganisms, notably by non-pathogenic strains of Komagataeibacter (K. xylinus, K. hansenii, and K. rhaeticus). BNC shows distinct physical and mechanical properties, including its insolubility, rapid biodegradability, tensile strength, elasticity, durability, and nontoxic and nonallergenic features, which make BNC ideal for many areas, including active and intelligent food packaging, sensors, water remediation, drug delivery, wound healing, and as conformable/flexible substrates for application in organic electronics. Here, we review BNC production methods, properties, and applications, focusing on electronic devices, especially OLEDs and flexible OLEDs (FOLEDs). Furthermore, we discuss the future progress of BNC-based flexible substrate nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Alves Faraco
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LEO), Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-330, MG, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronics (LOEM), Department of Physics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BioPolMat), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biomaterials (LQMBio), Department of Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Takehara Paschoalin
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BioPolMat), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biomaterials (LQMBio), Department of Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria Claro
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BioPolMat), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biomaterials (LQMBio), Department of Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabella Salgado Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BioPolMat), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biomaterials (LQMBio), Department of Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
- Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cavicchioli
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BioPolMat), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biomaterials (LQMBio), Department of Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Lira de Farias
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Cremona
- Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronics (LOEM), Department of Physics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sidney José Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Photonic Materials, Department of Analytical, Physical-Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials (BioPolMat), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biomaterials (LQMBio), Department of Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.d.S.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristiano Legnani
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LEO), Department of Physics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-330, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.d.S.B.); (C.L.)
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Progression of Quantum Dots Confined Polymeric Systems for Sensorics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020405. [PMID: 36679283 PMCID: PMC9863920 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The substantial fluorescence (FL) capabilities, exceptional photophysical qualities, and long-term colloidal stability of quantum dots (QDs) have aroused a lot of interest in recent years. QDs have strong and wide optical absorption, good chemical stability, quick transfer characteristics, and facile customization. Adding polymeric materials to QDs improves their effectiveness. QDs/polymer hybrids have implications in sensors, photonics, transistors, pharmaceutical transport, and other domains. There are a great number of review articles available online discussing the creation of CDs and their many uses. There are certain review papers that can be found online that describe the creation of composites as well as their many different uses. For QDs/polymer hybrids, the emission spectra were nearly equal to those of QDs, indicating that the optical characteristics of QDs were substantially preserved. They performed well as biochemical and biophysical detectors/sensors for a variety of targets because of their FL quenching efficacy. This article concludes by discussing the difficulties that still need to be overcome as well as the outlook for the future of QDs/polymer hybrids.
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Jang Y, Nabae H, Suzumori K. Effects of Surface Roughness on Direct Plasma Bonding between Silicone Rubbers Fabricated with 3D-Printed Molds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45004-45013. [PMID: 36530245 PMCID: PMC9753519 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the effects of surface roughness on the adhesion strength of plasma-treated rubbers that are widely used in soft robotics. The rubbers are designed with 11 molds of different patterns and fabricated from liquid silicones for mutual comparison. Several specimens with nonperiodic and periodic surface waveforms are quantitatively analyzed based on the correlation between surface roughness and adhesion strength. The surface roughness of three-dimensional (3D) printed molds under different printing conditions is compared to that of the standard specimens molded by a smooth acrylic plate and four sandpapers. The surface profiles are measured by a stylus profiler, analyzed using fast Fourier transform, and subsequently quantified using the experimental roughness parameters, R a and R ku *. The kurtosis ratio R ku * is proposed to simultaneously evaluate the sharpness, total height, and peak density to identify contact surfaces. A 90° peel test is also conducted to evaluate the adhesion strength, considering the designed pattern and printing orientation relative to the peeling direction. Microstructural analysis of the specimens is performed to investigate the peeling mechanism and molding quality using scanning electron and digital microscopes. Correlations between adhesion strength and surface roughness are obtained through the evaluation of the plasma-treated silicone specimens. R ku * is significant in determining the surface properties of the effective contact area, particularly for rough surfaces, and further contributes to an effective evaluation when the parameter R a is used simultaneously. The results suggest that the plasma bonding of silicone rubbers fabricated with 3D-printed molds is effective in enhancing the adhesion strength of soft robots or stretchable devices.
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Moist-electric films based on asymmetric distribution of sodium alginate oxygen-containing functional groups. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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