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Zhou C, Wang Q, Cao H, Jiang J, Gao L. Nanozybiotics: Advancing Antimicrobial Strategies Through Biomimetic Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403362. [PMID: 38874860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens present significant global health challenges. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance exacerbates this issue, leading to a scenario where effective antibiotics are increasingly scarce. Traditional antibiotic development strategies are proving inadequate against the swift evolution of microbial resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial strategies with mechanisms distinct from those of existing antibiotics. Nanozybiotics, which are nanozyme-based antimicrobials, mimic the catalytic action of lysosomal enzymes in innate immune cells to kill infectious pathogens. This review reinforces the concept of nanozymes and provides a comprehensive summary of recent research advancements on potential antimicrobial candidates. Initially, nanozybiotics are categorized based on their activities, mimicking either oxidoreductase-like or hydrolase-like functions, thereby highlighting their superior mechanisms in combating antimicrobial resistance. The review then discusses the progress of nanozybiotics in treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, confirming their potential as novel antimicrobial candidates. The translational potential of nanozybiotic-based products, including hydrogels, nanorobots, sprays, bandages, masks, and protective clothing, is also considered. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of nanozybiotic-related products are explored, emphasizing the design and antimicrobial capabilities of nanozybiotics for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haolin Cao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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Hosseini Hooshiar M, Badkoobeh A, Kolahdouz S, Tadayonfard A, Mozaffari A, Nasiri K, Salari S, Safaralizadeh R, Yasamineh S. The potential use of nanozymes as an antibacterial agents in oral infection, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:207. [PMID: 38664778 PMCID: PMC11044492 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that oral pathogenic biofilms cause persistent oral infections. Among these is periodontitis, a prevalent condition brought on by plaque biofilm. It can even result in tooth loss. Furthermore, the accumulation of germs around a dental implant may lead to peri-implantitis, which damages the surrounding bone and gum tissue. Furthermore, bacterial biofilm contamination on the implant causes soft tissue irritation and adjacent bone resorption, severely compromising dental health. On decontaminated implant surfaces, however, re-osseointegration cannot be induced by standard biofilm removal techniques such as mechanical cleaning and antiseptic treatment. A family of nanoparticles known as nanozymes (NZs) comprise highly catalytically active multivalent metal components. The most often employed NZs with antibacterial activity are those that have peroxidase (POD) activity, among other types of NZs. Since NZs are less expensive, more easily produced, and more stable than natural enzymes, they hold great promise for use in various applications, including treating microbial infections. NZs have significantly contributed to studying implant success rates and periodontal health maintenance in periodontics and implantology. An extensive analysis of the research on various NZs and their applications in managing oral health conditions, including dental caries, dental pulp disorders, oral ulcers, peri-implantitis, and bacterial infections of the mouth. To combat bacteria, this review concentrates on NZs that imitate the activity of enzymes in implantology and periodontology. With a view to the future, there are several ways that NZs might be used to treat dental disorders antibacterially.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashkan Badkoobeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Shirin Kolahdouz
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Tadayonfard
- Postgraduate Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Mozaffari
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Salari
- Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Restarative Dentistry, Department of Dental, Faculty Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Choi SS, Lee JH, Kong H, Park EJ. Biofilm removal effect of diatom complex on 3D printed denture base resin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4034. [PMID: 38369560 PMCID: PMC10874960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
For patients who have difficulty in mechanical cleaning of dental appliances, a denture cleaner that can remove biofilm with dense extracellular polymeric substances is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of diatom complex with active micro-locomotion for removing biofilms from 3D printed dentures. The diatom complex, which is made by doping MnO2 nanosheets on diatom biosilica, is mixed with H2O2 to generate fine air bubbles continuously. Denture base resin specimens were 3D printed in a roof shape, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (107 CFU/mL) was cultured on those for biofilm formation. Cleaning solutions of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control, NC), 3% H2O2 with peracetic acid (positive control, PC), denture cleanser tablet (DCT), 3% H2O2 with 2 mg/mL diatom complex M (Melosira, DM), 3% H2O2 with 2 mg/mL diatom complex A (Aulacoseira, DA), and DCT with 2 mg/mL DM were prepared and applied. To assess the efficacy of biofilm removal quantitatively, absorbance after cleaning was measured. To evaluate the stability of long-term use, surface roughness, ΔE, surface micro-hardness, and flexural strength of the 3D printed dentures were measured before and after cleaning. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows with one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe's test as a post hoc (p < 0.05). The group treated with 3% H2O2 with DA demonstrated the lowest absorbance value, followed by the groups treated with 3% H2O2 with DM, PC, DCT, DCT + DM, and finally NC. As a result of Scheffe's test to evaluate the significance of difference between the mean values of each group, statistically significant differences were shown in all groups based on the NC group. The DA and DM groups showed the largest mean difference though there was no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the denture base resin, no statistically significant differences were observed before and after cleaning. In the cytotoxicity test, the relative cell count was over 70%, reflecting an absence of cytotoxicity. The diatom complex utilizing active micro-locomotion has effective biofilm removal ability and has a minimal effect in physical and mechanical properties of the substrate with no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sil Choi
- Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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Yin Z, Liu Y, Anniwaer A, You Y, Guo J, Tang Y, Fu L, Yi L, Huang C. Rational Designs of Biomaterials for Combating Oral Biofilm Infections. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305633. [PMID: 37566788 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral biofilms, which are also known as dental plaque, are the culprit of a wide range of oral diseases and systemic diseases, thus contributing to serious health risks. The manner of how to achieve good control of oral biofilms has been an increasing public concern. Novel antimicrobial biomaterials with highly controllable fabrication and functionalization have been proven to be promising candidates. However, previous reviews have generally emphasized the physicochemical properties, action mode, and application effectiveness of those biomaterials, whereas insufficient attention has been given to the design rationales tailored to different infection types and application scenarios. To offer guidance for better diversification and functionalization of anti-oral-biofilm biomaterials, this review details the up-to-date design rationales in three aspects: the core strategies in combating oral biofilm, as well as the biomaterials with advanced antibiofilm capacity and multiple functions based on the improvement or combination of the abovementioned antimicrobial strategies. Thereafter, insights on the existing challenges and future improvement of biomaterial-assisted oral biofilm treatments are proposed, hoping to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the subsequent design and application of antibiofilm biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Annikaer Anniwaer
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuan You
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jingmei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Luyao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Cui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Yang K, Dong H, Xiu W, Yuwen L, Mou Y, Yin Z, Liang B, Wang L. Self-Adaptive Antibiofilm Effect and Immune Regulation by Hollow Cu 2MoS 4 Nanospheres for Treatment of Implant Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18720-18733. [PMID: 37018422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Implant infections are difficult to cure by traditional antibiotic therapy due to bacterial biofilm-induced antibiotic tolerance and impaired immune responses. To efficiently treat implant infections, therapeutic agents need to kill bacteria and regulate the inflammatory response of immune cells during the biofilm elimination process. Herein, multifunctional smart hollow Cu2MoS4 nanospheres (H-CMS NSs) with pH-responsive enzyme-like activities were prepared for self-adaptively eliminating biofilms and regulating the inflammation of macrophages in implant infections. During biofilm infection, the tissue microenvironment around implants is acidic. H-CMS NSs with oxidase (OXD)/peroxidase (POD)-like activities can catalyze reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation for directly killing bacteria and polarizing macrophages to a proinflammatory phenotype. Moreover, the POD-like activity and antibacterial property of H-CMS NSs can be further enhanced under ultrasound (US) irradiation. After the elimination of biofilms, the tissue microenvironment around implants shifts from acidic to neutral. H-CMS NSs show catalase (CAT)-like activity and eliminate excessive ROS, which polarizes macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotype and promotes healing of infected tissue. This work provides a smart nanozyme with self-adaptive regulation of the antibiofilm activity and immune response by regulating ROS generation/elimination according to the different pathological microenvironments in implant infections during the different therapeutic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weijun Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaowei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kim H, Lee EH, Lee SW, Deng YH, Kwon HB, Lim YJ, Kong H, Kim MJ. Antimicrobial efficacy of self-locomotive manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler on orthodontic brackets in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36670429 PMCID: PMC9854181 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic brackets provide a favorable environment for Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, increasing the risk of white spots and dental caries. Manganese oxide (MnO2) nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler (DM) is a recently developed material for biofilm removal. DM can generate oxygen by catalase-mimicking activity in Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution and move with ejecting oxygen microbubbles to produce a mechanical self-cleansing effect. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of DM as a novel bracket cleaner. METHODS DM was prepared according to the protocol and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We treated S. mutans biofilms grown over bracket with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX group), 3% H2O2 (H2O2 group), and co-treatment with 3 mg/mL of DM and 3% H2O2 (DM group). The biofilm removal effect was analyzed using crystal violet assay, and the results were observed using SEM. The viability of S. mutans in remaining biofilms was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Finally, we examined the effect of all materials on mature multispecies biofilms formed on debonded brackets. RESULTS Crystal violet assay results revealed that the CHX group removed more biofilms than the control group, and the DM group removed biofilms more effectively than the CHX group (p < 0.0001). SEM and CLSM images showed that CHX killed S. mutans but failed to remove most biofilms on brackets. However, DM effectively removed biofilms and mature multispecies biofilms on debonded brackets (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Co-treatment with DM and H2O2 is effective in removing biofilms on orthodontic brackets compared to conventional antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsub Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hyuk Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-woo Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ho-Beom Kwon
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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