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Reyes MRT, Dominguete MHL, Javaroni JB, da Silveira HA, Silva EV, León JE. Lingual Actinomycosis Clinically Simulating Nodular Median Rhomboid Glossitis: Literature Review and Report of Additional Case. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:3984-3987. [PMID: 37974684 PMCID: PMC10645888 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is an uncommon, subacute to chronic, suppurative bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces Israelii. About 3% of all actinomycosis cases occur in the tongue, often affecting adult patients (mean age, 50 years). The clinical characteristics of actinomycosis can resemble malignant or benign tumors, and other infectious diseases. A 56-year-old woman was referred presenting an ulcerated lesion on the tongue 1 year ago. Intraoral examination revealed an edematous nodular lesion with an ulcerated surface, slightly symptomatic, on the midline dorsum of posterior tongue, suggesting nodular median rhomboid glossitis. Cytology smear was negative for fungus. After excisional biopsy, histopathological examination showed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate supported by a fibrovascular connective tissue stroma, and at the deepest part, broad basophilic areas surrounded by neutrophils, containing numerous filamentous bacilli, which were highlighted by Gram and Groccott-Gomori staining. The final diagnosis was lingual actinomycosis. Oral amoxicillin treatment (8/8 h for 2 weeks) was started, and after 1-month complete resolution was observed. Lingual actinomycosis is a rare lesion that must be recognized by dentists, because its early diagnosis and correct treatment reduce the possibility of a clinical complication that compromises the patient's quality of life. Noteworthy, when located on the midline dorsum of posterior tongue, actinomycosis can simulate nodular median rhomboid glossitis, expanding its spectrum of clinical differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Raquel Torres Reyes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry – Riberão Preto Dental School (FORP/ USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Biliato Javaroni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry – Riberão Preto Dental School (FORP/ USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Albergoni da Silveira
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evânio Vilela Silva
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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Yu S, Zhu Y, He H, Hu Y, Zhu X, Diao W, Li S, Shan G, Chen X. Prevalence and risk factors of oral human papillomavirus infection among 4212 healthy adults in Hebei, China. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:773. [PMID: 37940841 PMCID: PMC10634102 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an essential cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is increasing in incidence worldwide. However, little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection among healthy adults in China. METHODS A study in northern China was conducted in 2021 as baseline data of Diverse Life-Course Cohort (DLCC). Residents who aged above 20 were eligible to participate. Oral swab specimens and questionnaires were collected from 4226 participants. HPV DNA in oral exfoliated cells was tested by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction approach and sequencing. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between exposure factors and oral HPV infection. RESULTS Overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 4.08% (95%CI, 3.69%-4.68%). The most prevalent HPV type detected was HPV-81 (1.35%; 95% CI, 1.00%-1.70%), followed by HPV-16 (0.64%; 95% CI, 0.40%-0.88%). Oral HPV infection presented a bimodal pattern with respect to age in male and female participants. Oral HPV prevalence of male participants was significantly higher than prevalence of female participants (5.0% versus 3.6%, P = 0.041). Prevalence of oral HPV was higher among current smokers (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.11-2.29; P = 0.039) and current drinkers (OR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.14-2.25; P = 0.023). Current alcohol consumption was independently associated with oral HPV infection (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.22-2.50; P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Among healthy adults aged above 20 in Hebei, China, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 1.92% (95%CI, 1.51%-2.34%). Oral HPV prevalence was independently associated with alcohol consumption. More tailored prevention strategies are needed to prevent oral HPV infection through smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol consumption, and HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yaoda Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Diao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Department of Music Artificial Intelligence and Music Information Technology, Central Conservatory of Music, 43 Baojiajie, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Xingming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Chen J, Yao H, Yuan X, Yan L, Tang G, Yan K, Shen X. Palatal perforation caused by Alternaria alternata infection in an immunocompetent adolescent. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:207-210. [PMID: 37393042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic oral mucosal fungal infection caused by Alternaria alternata is extremely rare. Herein, we present a rare palatal perforation as a result of oral infection caused by A. alternata in an immunocompetent adolescent. An 18-year-old boy, who had previously been healthy, was admitted to our institution with persistent pain in the palate for the past 12 months. Upon impression of palatal bone resorption based on computed tomography imaging and chronic granulomatous inflammation based on biopsy (hematoxylin-eosin staining), the patient was examined for commonly relevant causes such as potential tumor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. All test results were inconclusive. After a thorough diagnostic investigation, an unusual fungal infection, A. alternata infection, was confirmed by next-generation sequencing and biopsy (periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunofluorescence staining). The patient underwent surgical debridement and was subjected to voriconazole treatment postoperatively for over a period of 5 months. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of considering A. alternata as a potential pathogenic factor in an etiological palatal perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kepeng Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Dean D, Lee SJ, Cutler C, Gooley TA, Hujoel P, Oh U(Y, Bennett-Johnson L, Hagstrom MK, Rothen M, Lloid M, Sroussi H, Treister N. Dental evaluation and clearance prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Oral Dis 2023:10.1111/odi.14717. [PMID: 37650229 PMCID: PMC10902180 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental examination and stabilization are performed prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation to decrease infection risk during neutropenia. Burden of dental disease and treatment need is not well characterized in this population. OBJECTIVES This report describes the dental status of a cohort of patients within the Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Consortium and treatment rendered prior to transplant. METHODS The cohort included 486 subjects (Fred Hutchinson: n = 245; Dana-Farber: n = 241). Both centers have institutional-based dental clearance programs. Data were retrospectively abstracted from medical records by calibrated oral health specialists. RESULTS The median age at transplant was 55.9 years, 62.1% were male, and 88% were white. Thirteen patients were edentulous (2.7%). The mean teeth among dentate patients before clearance was 26.0 (SD, 4.6). Dental findings included untreated caries (31.2%), restorations (91.6%), endodontically treated teeth (48.1%), and dental implants (5.7%). Pretransplant procedures during clearance included endodontic therapy (3.6%; mean = 0.1 teeth), restorations (25.1%; mean = 0.7), dental prophylaxis (59.2%), scaling/root planing (5.1%), and extraction (13.2%; mean = 0.3). The mean teeth after clearance was 25.6 (SD, 5.0). CONCLUSIONS Retrospective analysis of pre-AlloHCT dental data in subjects at two large transplant centers identified low levels of dental need. Findings suggest high access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dean
- University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Ted A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Lloid
- University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Nathaniel Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Background Caries and periodontitis are amongst the most prevalent diseases worldwide, leading to pain and loss of oral function for those affected. Prevention relies heavily on mechanical removal of dental plaque biofilms but for populations where this is not achievable, alternative plaque control methods are required. With concerns over undesirable side-effects and potential bacterial resistance due to the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), new antimicrobial substances for oral use are greatly needed. Here we have investigated the antimicrobial effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), stabilized with acetic acid (HAc), on oral biofilms and compared it to that of CHX. Possible adverse effects of stabilized HOCl on hydroxyapatite surfaces were also examined. Methods Single- and mixed-species biofilms of six common oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Veillonella parvula, Parvimonas micra and Porphyromonas gingivalis) within a flow-cell model were exposed to HOCl stabilized with 0.14% or 2% HAc, pH 4.6, as well as HOCl or HAc alone. Biofilm viability was assessed in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy following LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ staining. In-situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to study erosion of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by stabilized HOCl.
Results Low concentrations of HOCl (5 ppm), stabilized with 0.14% or 2% HAc, significantly reduced viability in multi-species biofilms representing supra- and sub-gingival oral communities, after 5 min, without causing erosion of HA surfaces. No equivalent antimicrobial effect was seen for CHX. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed no significant differential suceptibility to stabilized HOCl. Conclusions At low concentrations and with exposure times which could be achieved through oral rinsing, HOCl stabilized with HAc had a robust antimicrobial activity on oral biofilms, without causing erosion of HA surfaces or affecting viability of oral keratinocytes. This substance thus appears to offer potential for prevention and/or treatment of oral biofilm-mediated diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02453-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Aherne
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.,CR Competence, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Ortiz
- CR Competence, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus M Fazli
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,SoftOx Solutions AS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia R Davies
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
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Dehesa-Rodríguez G, Martínez I, Bastida-Jaime C, Espinoza B. Trypanosoma cruzi blood trypomastigotes induce intense skeletal and cardiac muscle damage and Th1/ Th2 immune response in the acute phase of mice infected by the oral route. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106605. [PMID: 35820470 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral acquisition of Trypanosoma cruzi is a foodborne transmission by juices and fruits contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) or by the ingestion of wild reservoirs infected with blood trypomastigotes (BT). In Mexico, hunting and food consumption of wild animals are current practices, which could represent a risk factor for oral infection in the rural population. In this work, Balb/c mice were inoculated by oral route with BT of a highly virulent T. cruzi Mexican strain (DTU I) to evaluate the establishment of the infection, and the humoral and cellular immune response in the acute phase of the infection. We show that BT induces blood and tissue parasitism producing an inflammatory process in the heart and skeletal muscle and low parasitism and inflammation in the digestive tract of orally infected mice. Besides, in the acute phase, the BT promotes splenomegaly, intense damage in skeletal and cardiac muscles, a humoral response dominated by the IgG isotype, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Génesis Dehesa-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis Americana, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico (Ciudad de México) C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Martínez
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis Americana, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico (Ciudad de México) C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Cristina Bastida-Jaime
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis Americana, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico (Ciudad de México) C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Bertha Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Tripanosomiasis Americana, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico (Ciudad de México) C.P. 04510, Mexico.
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Pacini MF, González FB, Dinatale B, Bulfoni Balbi C, Villar SR, Farré C, Lupi G, Espariz M, Blancato VS, Magni C, Marcipar I, Pérez AR. Nasal immunization with a L. lactis-derived trans-sialidase antigen plus c-di-AMP protects against acute oral T. cruzi infection. Vaccine 2022; 40:2311-2323. [PMID: 35279330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The new generation of vaccines for Chagas disease, are focused to induce both humoral and cellular response to effectively control Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. The administration of vaccine formulations intranasally has the advantage over parenteral routes that can induce a specific response at mucosal and systemic levels. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and prophylactic effectiveness of two Trans-sialidase (TS)-based mucosal vaccines against T. cruzi administered intranasally. Vaccines consisted of a recombinant fragment of TS expressed in Lactococcus lactis formulated in two different adjuvants. The first, was an immunostimulant particle (ISPA, an ISCOMATRIX-like adjuvant), while the second was the dinucleotide c-di-AMP, which have shown immunostimulant properties at the mucosal level. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally (3 doses, one every two weeks) with each formulation (TS + ISPA or TS + c-di-AMP) and with TS alone or vehicle (saline solution) as controls. Fifteen days after the last immunization, both TS + ISPA or TS + c-di-AMP induced an evident systemic humoral and cellular response, as judged by the increased plasma anti-TS IgG2a titers and IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and enhanced cellular response against TS. Plasma derived antibodies from TS + c-di-AMP also inhibit in vitro the invasion capacity of T. cruzi. Furthermore, specific secretory IgA was more enhanced in TS + c-di-AMP group. Protective efficacy was proved in vaccinated animals by an oral T. cruzi-challenge. Parasitemia control was only achieved by animals vaccinated with TS + c-di-AMP, despite all vaccinates groups showed enhanced CD8+IFN-γ+ T cell numbers. In addition, it was reflected during the acute phase in a significant reduction of tissue parasite load, clinical manifestations and diminished tissue damage. The better prophylactic capacity elicited by TS + c-di-AMP was related to the induction of neutralizing plasma antibodies and augmented levels of mucosal IgA since TS + ISPA and TS + c-di-AMP groups displayed similar immunogenicity and CD8+IFN-γ+ T-cell response. Therefore, TS + c-di-AMP formulation appears as a promising strategy for prophylaxis against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda Dinatale
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Camila Bulfoni Balbi
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvina Raquel Villar
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Farré
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Víctor Sebastián Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.
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Grodzin CJ, Henderson EB, Velasquez A, Smith-Farmer S, Gebreyonas S. Necrotizing Clostridium subterminale infection with an odontogenic origin. IDCases 2022; 27:e01416. [PMID: 35127448 PMCID: PMC8808049 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium subterminale is an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium rarely isolated in human infections. This case study presents a necrotizing C. subterminale infection stemming from a dental abscess that progressed into sepsis, a small pericardial effusion, moderate bilateral pulmonary effusions, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The management of the infection, along with other relevant cases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Grodzin
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Edward B Henderson
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, 1365 Clifton Rd NE Building C, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alvaro Velasquez
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Soraya Smith-Farmer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Intensive Care Unit, Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Samuel Gebreyonas
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Intensive Care Unit, Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
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Teston APM, Fernandes NDS, Abegg CP, de Abreu AP, Sarto MPM, Gomes ML, Toledo MJDO. Therapeutic effects of benznidazole in Swiss mice that are orally inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi IV strains from the Western Brazilian Amazon. Exp Parasitol 2021; 228:108136. [PMID: 34280400 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease, are classified into different discrete typing units that may present distinct dynamics of infection and susceptibility to benznidazole (BZ) treatment. Mice that were orally inoculated with T. cruzi IV strains exhibited a more intense course of infection compared with intraperitoneally inoculated mice, reflected by higher parasite loads. We evaluated the efficacy of BZ treatment in Swiss mice that were inoculated with T. cruzi IV strains from the Western Brazilian Amazon. The mice were orally (OR) or intraperitoneally (IP) inoculated with 2 × 106 culture-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes of the AM14, AM16, AM64, and AM69 strains of T. cruzi that were obtained from two outbreaks of orally acquired acute Chagas disease in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The animals were treated with BZ (100 mg/kg/day for 20 days). Fresh blood examination, hemoculture, conventional and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to monitor the therapeutic effects of BZ. Significant reductions in five of 24 parameters of parasitemia and parasite load were found in different tissues in the OR group, indicating worse response to BZ treatment compared with the IP group, in which significant reductions in nine of those 24 parameters were observed. The cure rates in the OR groups ranged from 18.2% (1/11) to 75.0% (9/12) and in the IP groups from 58.3% (7/12) to 91.7% (11/12), for the AM14 and AM69 strains, respectively. These findings indicate that treatment with BZ had fewer beneficial effects with regard to reducing parasitemia and parasite load in different tissues of mice that were OR inoculated with four TcIV strains compared with IP inoculation. Therefore, the route of infection with T. cruzi should be considered when evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of BZ in patients with Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Margioto Teston
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil; Departament of Pharmacy, Uningá University Center Ingá, Rodovia PR317, Maringá, Paraná, 87035-510, Brazil.
| | - Nilma de Souza Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila Piva Abegg
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Abreu
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Paula Mansano Sarto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Lúcia Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
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10
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Abstract
Proven cases of vector-transmitted acute autochthonous Chagas disease in the United States are rare (<10 cases). Possible or probable cases of unknown duration determined by serology are uncommon as well (<100). In Latin America it is widely accepted that after feeding, the kissing bug defecates and Trypanosoma cruzi in the feces is rubbed into the bite punctum. This is an inefficient method of parasite transmission. The average infected individual in Latin America suffers more than 1000 bites, but more importantly, there are often thousands of kissing bugs in a household dropping feces on the inhabitants and living quarters. Today in Brazil the most common form of acute Chagas is secondary to oral ingestion of the parasite in food and drink. We present our experience with many hundreds of individuals bitten by kissing bugs and the possibility of oral ingestion occurring in the United States.
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11
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Conde-Ferráez L, Ek-Hernández GE, Canché-Pech JR, Gómez-Carballo JG, Kantún-Moreno NE, González-Losa MDR. Genomic characterization of human papillomavirus type 13, associated to multifocal epithelial hyperplasia, in a Mayan community. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 91:104595. [PMID: 33096300 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 13 (HPV13) is a low-risk HPV type associated with Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (MEH). It is considered a rare pathology of oral mucosa, more prevalent in certain ethnical groups, such as the Maya from Yucatan in Mexico. As for 2020 only two complete genomes of HPV13 are publicly available in Genbank database (one from Turkey one from the Amazonian). We aimed to obtain the complete genome sequence of HPV13 associated to MEH, obtained from a community in the Mayan area from Mexico. A bank of oral swabs from children with MEH were used. To enrich the sample, a Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA) method was performed followed by overlapping end-point PCR of 500 bp fragments, Sanger sequencing and assembly. Eight open reading frames (ORFs) were annotated (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1 and L2 genes). When compared with the other two previously reported genomes the identity at nucleotide level is high 98.9% and 99.6%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree shows that Yucatan HPV13 is more closely related to HPV13 obtained from the Amazonian. Most changes identified at amino acid level are substitutions derived from nucleotide variations or SNPs in coding regions. Amino-acid changes were observed in E2 and E1 proteins (n ≥ 8), and in L1, L2, E6 and E5 proteins (n ≤ 5). E7 protein from Yucatan has 100% identity with the reported from Amazonian and differs (94.1% identity) with the one from Turkey due to 3 substitutions and three missing amino acids. In conclusion, the genome from HPV13 (7831 bp, 49 nt missing) associated to MEH in the Mayan area from Yucatan was obtained from stored swabs; this is the first effort in Mexico, the second in Latin America, and the third of the world. More research that contributes to the knowledge of the determinants underlying this neglected pathology are urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Conde-Ferráez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Virología, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, CP. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Gemaly Elisama Ek-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Virología, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, CP. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - José Reyes Canché-Pech
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Virología, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, CP. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gilberto Gómez-Carballo
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Virología, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, CP. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Nuvia Eugenia Kantún-Moreno
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Virología, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, CP. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - María Del Refugio González-Losa
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Virología, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, CP. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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12
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Carvalho LM, de Carvalho TV, Ferraz AT, Marques FDS, Roatt BM, Fonseca KDS, Reis LES, Carneiro CM, Vieira PMDA. Histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic alterations triggered by experimental oral infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108012. [PMID: 33011239 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in almost all countries of Latin America. In Brazil, oral infection is becoming the most important mechanism of transmission of the disease in several regions of the country. The gastrointestinal tract is the gateway for the parasite through this route of infection, however, little is known about the involvement of these organs related to oral route. In this sense, the present study evaluated the impact of oral infection on the digestive tract in mice infected by Berenice-78 (Be-78) T. cruzi strain, in comparison with the intraperitoneal route of infection. In this work, the intraperitoneal route group showed a peak of parasitemia similar to the oral route group, however the mortality rate among the orally infected animals was higher when compared to intraperitoneal route. By analyzing the frequency of blood cell populations, differences were mainly observed in CD4+ T lymphocytes, and not in CD8+, presenting an earlier reduction in the number of CD4+ T cells, which persisted for a longer period, in the animals of the oral group when compared with the intraperitoneal group. Animals infected by oral route presented a higher tissue parasitism and inflammatory infiltrate in stomach, duodenum and colon on the 28th day after infection. Therefore, these data suggest that oral infection has a different profile of parasitological and immune responses compared to intraperitoneal route, being the oral route more virulent and with greater tissue parasitism in organs of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Mendes Carvalho
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thais Vieira de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline Tonhela Ferraz
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Souza Marques
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Levi Eduardo Soares Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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13
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Hansen HJ, Estilo C, Owosho A, Solano AK, Randazzo J, Huryn J, Yom SK. Dental status and risk of odontogenic complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:2231-2238. [PMID: 32901321 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental evaluation and management prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) plays a vital role in identifying and treating infections that may be life-threatening. The purpose of this study is to describe the dental management of patients undergoing pre-HSCT examination with the Dental Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and to report on odontogenic complications. METHODS Patients referred for evaluation as part of the standard preparation for HSCT were included. Following clinical and radiological examination, patients were assigned to one of three groups based on risk of odontogenic infection, and treatment was provided as indicated. Patients were followed, and their medical records were reviewed for odontogenic complications during the transplant admission. RESULTS Of the 375 patients evaluated, 350 patients underwent HSCT: allogeneic 143 (40.9%) and autologous 207 (59.1%). The distribution of primary cancer diagnosis was as follows: multiple myeloma 104 (29.7%), leukemias 95 (27.1%), Hodgkin's lymphoma 28 (8.0%), non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 99 (28.3%), and other conditions 24 (6.9%). The median time from dental evaluation to transplant was 29 days. The median Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index was 17. The median Community Periodontal Index was 1. Based on dental status, 145 patients (41.4%) were classified as low risk, 133 (38%) as moderate risk and 72 (20.6%) as high risk of odontogenic infection. One hundred fourteen patients (32.6%) required dental treatment prior to HSCT, and 100 of these (28.6%) completed treatment. Two (0.57%) patients had odontogenic complications. CONCLUSIONS With conservative pre-HSCT dental treatment based on an infection risk classification system, a low odontogenic complication rate was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cherry Estilo
- Dental Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adepitan Owosho
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Armand Karl Solano
- Dental Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Randazzo
- Dental Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Huryn
- Dental Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - SaeHee K Yom
- Dental Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Ito M, Ito T, Aoki H, Nishioka K, Shiokawa T, Tada H, Takeuchi Y, Takeyasu N, Yamamoto T, Takashiba S. Isolation and identification of the antimicrobial substance included in tempeh using Rhizopus stolonifer NBRC 30816 for fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108645. [PMID: 32353648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we focus on the antimicrobial properties of tempeh, a soybean fermented food, against oral bacteria. Tempeh showed antimicrobial activity against dental caries pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. An antimicrobial substance contained in tempeh was present in the 100 kDa or greater fraction generated by ultrafiltration, but it was found not to be proteinaceous by native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE and protein degradation tests. Next, when the fraction was purified with an ODS column, the 80% and 100% methanol eluates showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. The 100% methanol eluate was further subjected to a 2nd column purification, and isolation of the target was confirmed by HPLC. When the isolated material was analyzed by ESI-MS, the m/z was 279.234. Further analysis by Raman spectroscopy revealed a peak similar to linoleic acid. This substance also possessed antimicrobial properties equivalent to linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ito
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Aoki
- Ikeda Food Research Co., Ltd., 95-7 Minooki-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-0956, Japan.
| | - Koshi Nishioka
- Ikeda Food Research Co., Ltd., 95-7 Minooki-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-0956, Japan.
| | - Tsugumi Shiokawa
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Department of Instrumental Analysis and Cryogenics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Tada
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Department of Instrumental Analysis and Cryogenics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Takeyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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15
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Yousefi L, Leylabadlo HE, Pourlak T, Eslami H, Taghizadeh S, Ganbarov K, Yousefi M, Tanomand A, Yousefi B, Kafil HS. Oral spirochetes: Pathogenic mechanisms in periodontal disease. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104193. [PMID: 32304795 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease resulting from infection of biofilm forming bacteria. Several bacterial factors regulate inflammatory response and cause to tissue damage and loss of connection between gingival and tooth. Since bacterial virulence factors and also host immune responses have role, understanding of periodontal disease is complex, in overall we can say that in this disease epithelium is deleted by bacteria. Oral spirochetes are related to periodontitis, among them, Treponema denticola, have been associated with periodontal diseases such as early-onset periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute pericoronitis. This review will analyse mechanisms of pathogenesis of spirochetes in periodontitis. Microorganisms cause destruction of gingival tissue by two mechanisms. In one, damage results from the direct action of bacterial enzymes and cytotoxic products of bacterial metabolism. In the other, only bacterial components have role, and tissue destruction is the inevitable side effect of a subverted and exaggerated host inflammatory response to plaque antigens.
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16
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Kichenbrand C, Marchal A, Mouraret A, Hasnaoui N, Guillet J, Rech F, Phulpin B. Brain abscesses and intracranial empyema due to dental pathogens: Case series. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 69:35-38. [PMID: 32248015 PMCID: PMC7132046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infection is rare but life-threatening disease. Dental origin for brain abscesses or intra cranial empyema is very rarely reported in the literature. Infected maxillary teeth are probably involved in contiguous spread of the infection to the brain. There is currently no guidelines in oral surgery to manage patients with cerebral infection from dental origin.
Introduction Spontaneous brain abscess and intracranial empyema are rare but life-threatening diseases. They can result from potential complications of oral chronic infections. Given the similarity between most of the germs commonly found both in cerebral abscess and in oral cavity and its anatomic proximity, the oral cavity represents a major source of cerebral infections. Presentation of cases We report here a series of seven cases of intracranial abscesses and empyema due to dental pathogens that occurred in the neurosurgery department of our institute. Five of those seven cases were then cared in the oral surgery department of our institute. Discussion Bacteriological examination of the brain abscesses identified an oral commensal bacterium belonging to streptococci group in six patients (85.7%) and Porphyromonas Gingivalis, a pathogen oral germ involved in periodontal diseases in the seventh patient. For all patients examined, oral status and oral health were poor or moderate with the presence of dental caries, missing teeth and abundant dental plaque. Except the oral cavity, no other front door or infectious site were found. Conclusion This rare series of cases highlights the importance of systematically explore the oral cavity in presence of intracranial infection and to radically eradicate the potential infectious foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Kichenbrand
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Odontology, Lorraine University, 96 Avenue Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 54004 Nancy, France; Odontology Department, Regional University Hospital, 5 Rue Du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Alix Marchal
- Odontology Department, Regional University Hospital, 5 Rue Du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alizée Mouraret
- Odontology Department, Regional University Hospital, 5 Rue Du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nasr Hasnaoui
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Odontology, Lorraine University, 96 Avenue Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 54004 Nancy, France; Odontology Department, Regional University Hospital, 5 Rue Du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julie Guillet
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Odontology, Lorraine University, 96 Avenue Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 54004 Nancy, France; Odontology Department, Regional University Hospital, 5 Rue Du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Fabien Rech
- Neurosurgery Department, Regional University Hospital, 29 Avenue Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Berengère Phulpin
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Odontology, Lorraine University, 96 Avenue Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 54004 Nancy, France; Odontology Department, Regional University Hospital, 5 Rue Du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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17
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Greco G, Di Piazza S, Chan J, Zotti M, Hanna R, Gheno E, Zekiy AO, Pasquale C, De Angelis N, Amaroli A. Newly formulated 5% 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101575. [PMID: 31614222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of systemic diseases can be linked to oral candida pathogenicity. The global trend of invasive candidiasis has increased progressively and is often accentuated by increasing Candida albicans resistance to the most common antifungal medications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for oral microbial infections. A new formulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5%ALA) in a thermosetting gel (t) (5%ALA-PTt) was patented and recently has become available on the market. However, its antimicrobial properties, whether mediated or not by PDT, are not yet known. In this work we characterised them. METHODS We isolated a strain of C. albicans from plaques on the oral mucus membrane of an infected patient. Colonies of this strain were exposed for 1 24 h, to 5%ALA-PTt, 5%ALA-PTt buffered to pH 6.5 (the pH of the oral mucosa) (5%ALA-PTtb) or not exposed (control). The 1 h-exposed samples were also irradiated at a wavelength of 630 nm with 0.14 watts (W) and 0.37 W/cm2 for 7 min at a distance of <1 mm. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The 5% ALA-PTt preparation was shown to be effective in reducing the growth of biofilm and inoculum of C. albicans. This effect seems to be linked to the intrinsic characteristics of 5%ALA-TPt, such acidic pH and the induction of free radical production. This outcome was significantly enhanced by the effect of PDT at relatively short incubation and irradiation times, which resulted in growth inhibition of both treated biofilm and inoculum by ∼80% and ∼95%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Greco
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Piazza
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jiemei Chan
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirca Zotti
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Reem Hanna
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ezio Gheno
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Dental Clinical Research Center, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Rua São Paulo, 28, Campus do Valonguinho Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020 150, Brazil
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola De Angelis
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Technologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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18
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Yumoto H, Hirota K, Hirao K, Ninomiya M, Murakami K, Fujii H, Miyake Y. The Pathogenic Factors from Oral Streptococci for Systemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4571. [PMID: 31540175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is suggested as the reservoir of bacterial infection, and the oral and pharyngeal biofilms formed by oral bacterial flora, which is comprised of over 700 microbial species, have been found to be associated with systemic conditions. Almost all oral microorganisms are non-pathogenic opportunistic commensals to maintain oral health condition and defend against pathogenic microorganisms. However, oral Streptococci, the first microorganisms to colonize oral surfaces and the dominant microorganisms in the human mouth, has recently gained attention as the pathogens of various systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis, purulent infections, brain hemorrhage, intestinal inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, as well as bacteremia. As pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, extracellular polymeric substances, toxins, proteins and nucleic acids as well as vesicles, which secrete these components outside of bacterial cells in biofilm, have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to consider that the relevance of these pathogenic factors to systemic diseases and also vaccine candidates to protect infectious diseases caused by Streptococci. This review article focuses on the mechanistic links among pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, inflammation, and systemic diseases to provide the current understanding of oral biofilm infections based on biofilm and widespread systemic diseases.
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19
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Hou D, Kuang W, Luo S, Zhang F, Zhou F, Chen T, Zhang Y, Wang H, Hu Z, Deng F, Wang M. Baculovirus ODV-E66 degrades larval peritrophic membrane to facilitate baculovirus oral infection. Virology 2019; 537:157-164. [PMID: 31493654 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ODV-E66 is a major envelope proteins of baculovirus occlusion derived virus (ODV) with chondroitinase activity. Here, we studied the roles of ODV-E66 during Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) primary infection. ODV-E66 is a late viral protein dispensable for BV production and ODV morphogenesis. Deletion of odv-e66 had a profound effect on HearNPV oral infectivity in 4th instar larvae with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value of 26 fold higher than that of the repaired virus, compared to in 3rd instar larvae. Calcofluor white, an agent which destroys the peritrophic membrane (PM), could rescue the oral infectivity of odv-e66 deleted HearNPV, implying the PM may be the target of ODV-E66. In vitro assays showed HearNPV ODV-E66 has chondroitinase activity. Electron microscopy demonstrated that odv-e66 deletion alleviated the damage to the PM caused by HearNPV infection. These data suggest an important role of ODV-E66 in the penetration of the PM during oral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wenhua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sijiani Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fengqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Zhou F, Kuang W, Wang X, Hou D, Huang H, Sun X, Deng F, Wang H, van Oers MM, Wang M, Hu Z. The cysteine-rich region of a baculovirus VP91 protein contributes to the morphogenesis of occlusion bodies. Virology 2019; 535:144-53. [PMID: 31302508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus core gene vp91 has been reported to be essential for nucleocapsid assembly and oral infection. Here, we studied the function of vp91 by analyzing its homologue, ha76, in Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV). HA76 was expressed at the late stage of HearNPV infection; deletion of ha76 showed that the gene is required for budded virus production. A series of recombinants with truncated ha76 was constructed and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the region encoding the C-terminus of HA76 was essential for nucleocapsid assembly, whereas the N-terminal cysteine-rich region was responsible for oral infection. Electron microscope analyses further showed that the cysteine-rich region contributed to morphogenesis of occlusion bodies (OBs), with amino acids 136-223 of HA76 being critical for this function. The results revealed a novel function of VP91 and suggested that the impact on OB morphogenesis is partially related to oral infectivity.
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21
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Zecha JAEM, Raber-Durlacher JE, Laheij AMGA, Westermann AM, Epstein JB, de Lange J, Smeele LE. The impact of the oral cavity in febrile neutropenia and infectious complications in patients treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3667-3679. [PMID: 31222393 PMCID: PMC6726710 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an inflammatory response causing fever that may develop during cancer therapy-induced neutropenia. FN may herald life-threatening infectious complications and should therefore be considered a medical emergency. Patients presenting with FN are routinely subjected to careful history taking and physical examination including X-rays and microbiological evaluations. Nevertheless, an infection is documented clinically in only 20-30% of cases, whereas a causative microbial pathogen is not identified in over 70% of FN cases. The oral cavity is generally only visually inspected. Although it is recognized that ulcerative oral mucositis may be involved in the development of FN, the contribution of infections of the periodontium, the dentition, and salivary glands may be underestimated. These infections can be easily overlooked, as symptoms and signs of inflammation may be limited or absent during neutropenia. This narrative review is aimed to inform the clinician on the potential role of the oral cavity as a potential source in the development of FN. Areas for future research directed to advancing optimal management strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A E M Zecha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith E Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexa M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M Westermann
- Department of Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joel B Epstein
- Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles and City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jan de Lange
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Centre for Dentistry, (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludi E Smeele
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Centre for Dentistry, (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Barbosa CG, Gómez-Hernández C, Rezende-Oliveira K, Da Silva MV, Rodrigues JPF, Tiburcio MGS, Ferreira TB, Rodrigues V, Yoshida N, Ramirez LE. Oral infection of mice and host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi strains from Mexico. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1493-1500. [PMID: 30847614 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral infection by Trypanosoma cruzi has been responsible for frequent outbreaks of acute Chagas disease in the north of South America and in the Amazon region, where T. cruzi genetic group TcI predominates. TcI strains from different geographical regions have been used in oral infection in mice, but there is no information about strains from Mexico where TcI is prevalent. Here, we analyzed four Mexican strains as concerns the course of oral infection, the ability to invade host cells in vitro, and the profile of metacyclic trypomastigote surface molecules gp82 and gp90 that are implicated in parasite internalization. Oral infection of mice with metacyclic forms of all strains resulted in reduced blood and tissue parasitism, and mild to moderate inflammatory process in the heart/skeletal muscle. They expressed pepsin-resistant gp82 and gp90 molecules at high levels and invaded host cells poorly in full nutrient medium and efficiently under nutrient-deprived condition. The properties exhibited by Mexican strains were similar to those displayed by TcI strains from other geographical regions, reinforcing the notion that these features are common to the genetic group TcI as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia G Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - César Gómez-Hernández
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcos Vinicius Da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | | | - Monique G S Tiburcio
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Thatiane Bragini Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | | | - Luis E Ramirez
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Getúlio Guaritá S/N, Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
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23
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Donà MG, Pichi B, Rollo F, Benevolo M, Latini A, Laquintana V, Pellini R, Colafigli M, Frasca M, Giuliani M, Cristaudo A. Human papillomavirus detection in matched oral rinses, oropharyngeal and oral brushings of cancer-free high-risk individuals. Oral Oncol 2019; 91:1-6. [PMID: 30926054 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The detection of oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) may be of clinical utility because of the major role HPV plays in the etiology of oropharyngeal cancer. However, oral HPV testing is not standardized and the best sampling method has yet to be identified. We aimed to compare HPV findings in matched oral rinse-and-gargles (rinses), oropharyngeal brushings and oral brushings. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPV-DNA was investigated using Linear Array in samples collected from cancer-free individuals at increased risk for oral HPV. RESULTS 163 oral rinses already tested for HPV were selected. The matched oropharyngeal (n = 163) and oral brushings (n = 100) were analyzed. The detection rate for any HPV, high-risk (HR)-HPVs and HPV16 was significantly higher in rinses than brushings. The overall agreement for any HPV between rinses and oropharyngeal brushings was 51.2% (Cohen K: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07-0.21). The proportion of positive agreement was 16.8%. The overall agreement for HR-HPVs was 74.1% (Cohen K: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.33). The genotype-specific profile of rinses and brushings which were concomitantly HPV-positive only partially overlapped in cases with multiple infections, with more genotypes detected in the rinse, which were not isolated in the corresponding brushings. CONCLUSION The agreement for HPV status between rinses and brushings is poor, particularly for the HPV-positive findings. Despite the fact that the origin of the HPV-infected cells present in the oral rinse is unclear, since they could not be traced back to the oropharynx or oral cavity, oral rinses provided the highest detection rate for HR-HPVs and HPV16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Laquintana
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Frasca
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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24
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Schroll C, Huang K, Ahmed S, Kristensen BM, Pors SE, Jelsbak L, Lemire S, Thomsen LE, Christensen JP, Jensen PR, Olsen JE. The SPI-19 encoded type-six secretion-systems (T6SS) of Salmonella enterica serovars Gallinarum and Dublin play different roles during infection. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:23-31. [PMID: 30827393 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 19 (SPI19) encodes a type VI secretion system (T6SS). SPI19 is only present in few serovars of S. enterica, including the host-adapted serovar S. Dublin and the host-specific serovar S. Gallinarum. The role of the SPI19 encoded T6SS in virulence in these serovar is not fully understood. Here we show that during infection of mice, a SPI19/T6SS deleted strain of S. Dublin 2229 was less virulent than the wild type strain after oral challenge, but not after IP challenge. The mutant strain also competed significantly poorer than the wild type strain when co-cultured with strains of E. coli, suggesting that this T6SS plays a role in pathogenicity by killing competing bacteria in the intestine. No significant difference was found between wild type S. Gallinarum G9 and its ΔSPI19/T6SS mutant in infection, whether chicken were challenged orally or by the IP route, and the S. Gallinarum G9 ΔSPI19/T6SS strain competed equally well as the wild type strain against strains of E. coli. However, contrary to what was observed with S. Dublin, the wild type G9 strains was significantly more cytotoxic to monocyte derived primary macrophages from hens than the mutant, suggesting that SPI19/T6SS in S. Gallinarum mediates killing of eukaryotic cells. The lack of significant importance of SPI19/T6SS after oral and systemic challenge of chicken was confirmed by knocking out SPI19 in a second strain, J91. Together the results suggest that the T6SS encoded from SPI19 have different roles in the two serovars and that it is a virulence-factor after oral challenge of mice in S. Dublin, while we cannot confirm previous results that SPI19/T6SS influence virulence significantly in S. Gallinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Schroll
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaisong Huang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil M Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Jelsbak
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | | | - Line E Thomsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Christensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter R Jensen
- Department of Food, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - John E Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare and severe necrotic bone disease reflecting a compromise in the body's osseous healing mechanisms and unique to the craniofacial region. Antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications have been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of ONJ; yet, the pathophysiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated. This article raises the current theories underlying the pathophysiology of ONJ. RECENT FINDINGS The proposed mechanisms highlight the unique localization of ONJ. The evidence-based mechanisms of ONJ pathogenesis include disturbed bone remodeling, inflammation or infection, altered immunity, soft tissue toxicity, and angiogenesis inhibition. The role of dental infections and the oral microbiome is central to ONJ, and systemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus contribute through their impact on immune resiliency. Current experimental studies on mechanisms of ONJ are summarized. The definitive pathophysiology is as yet unclear. Recent studies are beginning to clarify the relative importance of the proposed mechanisms. A better understanding of osteoimmunology and the relationship of angiogenesis to the development of ONJ is needed along with detailed studies of the impact of drug holidays on the clinical condition of ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - A E Hakam
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - L K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Fumiya K, Norihisa I, Yukiko W, Kazuto O, Hiroki S, Hideharu H. Third molar pericoronitis in neutropenia. IDCases 2018; 13:e00419. [PMID: 30101065 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 40 year-old woman who presented third molar pericoronitis in neutropenia. she had undergone extraction of the right third mandibular molar. This may have been due to an infection in the extraction socket or part of the crown. There was no inflammation seen after transplant of umbilical cord blood.
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27
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Fujiwara N, Yumoto H, Miyamoto K, Hirota K, Nakae H, Tanaka S, Murakami K, Kudo Y, Ozaki K, Miyake Y. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymer suppresses an increase of oral bacteria: a single-blind, crossover clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:739-46. [PMID: 29766378 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biocompatible 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymers, which mimic a biomembrane, reduce protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion and inhibit cell attachment. The aim of this study is to clarify whether MPC-polymer can suppress the bacterial adherence in oral cavity by a crossover design. We also investigated the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is the key bacterium forming dental plaque, in clinical samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study, with two treatment periods separated by a 2-week washout period. We conducted clinical trial with 20 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of 5% MPC-polymer mouthwash after 5 h on oral microflora. PBS was used as a control. The bacterial number in the gargling sample before and after intervention was counted by an electronic bacterial counter and a culture method. DNA amounts of total bacteria and F. nucleatum were examined by q-PCR. RESULTS The numbers of total bacteria and oral streptcocci after 5 h of 5% MPC-polymer treatment significantly decreased, compared to the control group. Moreover, the DNA amounts of total bacteria and F. nucleatum significantly decreased by 5% MPC-polymer mouthwash. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that MPC-polymer coating in the oral cavity may suppress the oral bacterial adherence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MPC-polymer can be a potent compound for the control of oral microflora to prevent oral infection.
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28
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Zanusso Junior G, Massago M, Kian D, Toledo MJDO. Efficacy of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum alone and in combination with benznidazole on murine oral infection with Trypanosoma cruzi IV. Exp Parasitol 2018; 185:92-97. [PMID: 29305891 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem. One of the causes of the high morbidity and mortality in patients is the lack of an effective drug therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum alone and in combination with benznidazole (BZ) in mice orally inoculated with strain of T. cruzi IV obtained from oral CD outbreak occurred in Western Brazilian Amazonia. All the animals inoculated with metacyclic trypomastigote forms (AM14 strain, BZ resistant), derived from the insect Rhodnius robustus, became infected and there was no difference in the mortality rate between the experimental groups. When compared with untreated control animals (UTC), the treatment with essential oil of S. aromaticum (EOSA) alone promoted reduction in 1/5 parameters derived from the parasitemia curve, whereas the treatments with BZ alone or in combination (BZ + EOSA) promoted reduction in 4/5 of those parameters, presenting similar profiles of parasitemia curve. The animals treated with BZ and with the combination BZ + EOSA presented lower patency periods in comparison with the animals in EOSA group, and lower positivity of blood cultures when compared with the UTC group. The results of molecular analysis by qPCR in both blood and cardiac tissue did not show differences between the groups. The cure rates obtained with the different treatments presented the following ascending order: EOSA = 12.5% (1/8), BZ = 25.0% (2/8) and BZ + EOSA = 37.5% (3/8). Although there are no significant differences between them, these results claims that the use of this essential oil could be of interest for treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Zanusso Junior
- Department of Basic Health Sciences at State University of Maringa, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Miyoko Massago
- Department of Basic Health Sciences at State University of Maringa, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielle Kian
- Department of Microbiology at State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Guijarro-Pardo E, Gómez-Sebastián S, Escribano JM. In vivo production of recombinant proteins using occluded recombinant AcMNPV-derived baculovirus vectors. J Virol Methods 2017; 250:17-24. [PMID: 28943301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichoplusia ni insect larvae infected with vectors derived from the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), are an excellent alternative to insect cells cultured in conventional bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins because productivity and cost-efficiency reasons. However, there is still a lot of work to do to reduce the manual procedures commonly required in this production platform that limit its scalability. To increase the scalability of this platform technology, a current bottleneck to be circumvented in the future is the need of injection for the inoculation of larvae with polyhedrin negative baculovirus vectors (Polh-) because of the lack of oral infectivity of these viruses, which are commonly used for production in insect cell cultures. In this work we have developed a straightforward alternative to obtain orally infective vectors derived from AcMNPV and expressing recombinant proteins that can be administered to the insect larvae (Trichoplusia ni) by feeding, formulated in the insect diet. The approach developed was based on the use of a recombinant polyhedrin protein expressed by a recombinant vector (Polh+), able to co-occlude any recombinant Polh- baculovirus vector expressing a recombinant protein. A second alternative was developed by the generation of a dual vector co-expressing the recombinant polyhedrin protein and the foreign gene of interest to obtain the occluded viruses. Additionally, by the incorporation of a reporter gene into the helper Polh+ vector, it was possible the follow-up visualization of the co-occluded viruses infection in insect larvae and will help to homogenize infection conditions. By using these methodologies, the production of recombinant proteins in per os infected larvae, without manual infection procedures, was very similar in yield to that obtained by manual injection of recombinant Polh- AcMNPV-based vectors expressing the same proteins. However, further analyses will be required for a detailed comparison of production yields reached by injection vs oral infections for different recombinant proteins. In conclusion, these results open the possibility of future industrial scaling-up production of recombinant proteins in insect larvae by reducing manual operations.
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30
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Margioto Teston AP, de Abreu AP, Abegg CP, Gomes ML, de Ornelas Toledo MJ. Outcome of oral infection in mice inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi IV of the Western Brazilian Amazon. Acta Trop 2017; 166:212-7. [PMID: 27876646 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new epidemiological view of American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease has been formulated in recent decades. Oral transmission of the etiological agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, has been the most common form of transmission. The T. cruzi discrete typing units TcI and TcIV have been involved in tens outbreaks of acute cases of Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon region. We investigated the intensity of infection in mice that were orally inoculated (OR group) with four strains of TcIV that were isolated from two outbreaks of acute Chagas disease that was orally acquired in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. We compared the OR group with mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated (IP group). Blood samples were analyzed by fresh blood examination, hemoculture, and conventional and qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples of different tissues were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The OR group exhibited a higher maximum peak of parasitemia, greater rates of positivity, and higher parasite loads in different tissues during acute infection compared with the IP group, indicating a greater intensity of orally acquired infection. Mice that were orally inoculated with TcIV strains that were obtained from two outbreaks of orally acquired Chagas disease in Amazonas, Brazil, exhibited a more intense course of infection compared with intraperitoneally inoculated mice, reflected by higher levels of parasitemia and parasite loads.
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Dario MA, Rodrigues MS, Barros JHDS, Xavier SCDC, D’Andrea PS, Roque ALR, Jansen AM. Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil). Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:477. [PMID: 27580853 PMCID: PMC5006519 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi infection via oral route results in outbreaks or cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) in different Brazilian regions and poses a novel epidemiological scenario. In the Espírito Santo state (southeastern Brazil), a fatal case of a patient with ACD led us to investigate the enzootic scenario to avoid the development of new cases. At the studied locality, Triatoma vitticeps exhibited high T. cruzi infection rates and frequently invaded residences. METHODS Sylvatic and domestic mammals in the Rio da Prata locality, where the ACD case occurred, and in four surrounding areas (Baia Nova, Buenos Aires, Santa Rita and Todos os Santos) were examined and underwent parasitological and serological tests. Triatomines were collected for a fecal material exam, culturing and mini-exon gene molecular characterization, followed by RFLP-PCR of H3/Alul. Paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue of a patient was washed with xylene to remove paraffin and DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method. For genotype characterization, PCR was performed to amplify the 1f8, GPI and 18S rRNA genes. In the case of V7V8 SSU rRNA, the PCR products were molecularly cloned. PCR products were sequenced and compared to sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates was performed. RESULTS None of the animals showed positive hemocultures. Three rodents and two dogs showed signs of infection, as inferred from borderline serological titers. T. vitticeps was the only triatomine species identified and showed T. cruzi infection by DTUs TcI and TcIV. The analysis of cardiac tissue DNA showed mixed infection by T. cruzi (DTUs I, II, III and IV) and Trypanosoma dionisii. CONCLUSIONS Each case or outbreak of ACD should be analyzed as a particular epidemiological occurrence. The results indicated that mixed infections in humans may play a role in pathogenicity and may be more common than is currently recognized. Direct molecular characterization from biological samples is essential because this procedure avoids parasite selection. T. dionisii may under certain and unknown circumstances infect humans. The distribution of T. cruzi DTUS TcIII and TcIV in Brazilian biomes is broader than has been assumed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augusta Dario
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marina Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Sérgio D’Andrea
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Reservoir Mammals, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Maeda FY, Clemente TM, Macedo S, Cortez C, Yoshida N. Host cell invasion and oral infection by Trypanosoma cruzi strains of genetic groups TcI and TcIV from chagasic patients. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:189. [PMID: 27038796 PMCID: PMC4818890 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of acute Chagas disease by oral infection have been reported frequently over the last ten years, with higher incidence in northern South America, where Trypanosoma cruzi lineage TcI predominates, being responsible for the major cause of resurgent human disease, and a small percentage is identified as TcIV. Mechanisms of oral infection and host-cell invasion by these parasites are poorly understood. To address that question, we analyzed T. cruzi strains isolated from chagasic patients in Venezuela, Guatemala and Brazil. METHODS Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes were orally inoculated into mice. The mouse stomach collected four days later, as well as the stomach and the heart collected 30 days post-infection, were processed for histological analysis. Assays to mimic parasite migration through the gastric mucus layer were performed by counting the parasites that traversed gastric mucin-coated transwell filters. For cell invasion assays, human epithelial HeLa cells were incubated with metacyclic forms and the number of internalized parasites was counted. RESULTS All TcI and TcIV T. cruzi strains were poorly infective by the oral route. Parasites were either undetectable or were detected in small numbers in the mouse stomach four days post oral administration. Replicating parasites were found in the stomach and/or in the heart 30 days post-infection. As compared to TcI lineage, the migration capacity of TcIV parasites through the gastric mucin-coated filter was higher but lower than that exhibited by TcVI metacyclic forms previously shown to be highly infective by the oral route. Expression of pepsin-resistant gp90, the surface molecule that downregulates cell invasion, was higher in TcI than in TcIV parasites and, accordingly, the invasion capacity of TcIV metacyclic forms was higher. Gp90 molecules spontaneously released by TcI metacyclic forms inhibited the parasite entry into host cells. TcI parasites exhibited low intracellular replication rate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the poor capacity of TcI lineage, and to a lesser degree of TcIV parasites, in invading gastric epithelium after oral infection of mice may be associated with the inefficiency of metacyclic forms, in particular of TcI parasites, to migrate through the gastric mucus layer, to invade target epithelial cells and to replicate intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yukio Maeda
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Mordente Clemente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silene Macedo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nobuko Yoshida
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Interactions of C. albicans with co-colonizing bacteria at mucosal sites can be synergistic or antagonistic in disease development, depending on the bacterial species and mucosal site. Mitis group streptococci and C. albicans colonize the oral mucosa of the majority of healthy individuals. These streptococci have been termed "accessory pathogens," defined by their ability to initiate multispecies biofilm assembly and promote the virulence of the mixed bacterial biofilm community in which they participate. To demonstrate whether interactions with Mitis group streptococci limit or promote the potential of C. albicans to become an opportunistic pathogen, in vitro and in vivo co-infection models are needed. Here, we describe two C. albicans-streptococcal co-infection models: an organotypic oral mucosal tissue model that incorporates salivary flow and a mouse model of oral co-infection that requires reduced levels of immunosuppression compared to single fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sobue
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Patricia Diaz
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Dalla Torre D, Burtscher D, Sölder E, Widschwendter A, Rasse M, Puelacher W. The impact of sexual behavior on oral HPV infections in young unvaccinated adults. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1551-7. [PMID: 26526324 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different authors hypothesized an important impact of sexual behavior on the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. In order to investigate this relationship more in detail and in contrast to most other studies, the present work focused on the population group with the highest risk for sexually transmitted infections: young and sexual active adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and ten men and women aged 18-30 years could be recruited. After the completion of a risk-factor survey, brush smear samples for oral HPV detection were taken in every participant. RESULTS In 18.1 %, oral HPV could be detected. Overall, smoking (p = 0.0074) and a high number of different sexual partners (vaginal: p = 0.0001; oral: p < 0.0001) were significantly correlated with a positive HPV testing. In case of high risk HPV infections, besides tobacco and sexual behavior, alcohol consumption showed a significant association with a positive testing (p = 0.0212). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the prevalence of oral HPV seems to be higher in young, sexual active adults compared to other population groups. Tobacco and alcohol may facilitate an oral HPV infection. Sexual behavior, especially oral sex practices, seems to play a crucial role in the transmission of oral HPV. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presented data, especially the association of oral high risk HPV positivity and promiscuity, may lead to improvements in the existing oral HPV prevention strategies like a HPV vaccination for both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dalla Torre
- University Clinic of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- , Jaufenstrasse 5, I-39049, Sterzing, BZ, Italy.
| | - D Burtscher
- University Clinic of Prosthodontics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Sölder
- University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Widschwendter
- University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Rasse
- University Clinic of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Puelacher
- University Clinic of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang C, Ku Z, Liu Q, Wang X, Chen T, Ye X, Li D, Jin X, Huang Z. High-yield production of recombinant virus-like particles of enterovirus 71 in Pichia pastoris and their protective efficacy against oral viral challenge in mice. Vaccine 2015; 33:2335-41. [PMID: 25820068 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which is highly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific regions. Severe HFMD cases with neurological complications and even death are often associated with EV71 infections. However, no licensed EV71 vaccine is currently available. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of EV71 have been produced and shown to be a promising vaccine candidate in preclinical studies. However, the performance of current recombinant expression systems for EV71 VLP production remains unsatisfactory with regard to VLP yield and manufacturing procedure, and thus hinders further product development. In this study, we evaluated the expression of EV71 VLPs in Pichia pastoris and determined their protective efficacy in mouse models of EV71 infections. We showed that EV71 VLPs could be produced at high levels up to 4.9% of total soluble protein in transgenic P. pastoris yeast co-expressing P1 and 3CD proteins of EV71. The resulting yeast-produced VLPs potently induced neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous EV71 strains in mice. More importantly, maternal immunization with VLPs protected neonatal mice in both intraperitoneal and oral challenge experiments. Collectively, these results demonstrated the success of simple, high-yield production of EV71 VLPs in transgenic P. pastoris, thus lifting the major roadblock in commercial development of VLP-based EV71 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tan Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Cruz A, Mendes ÉA, de Andrade MVM, do Nascimento VC, Cartelle CT, Arantes RME, Melo JRDC, Gazzinelli RT, Ropert C. Mast cells are crucial in the resistance against Toxoplasma gondii oral infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2949-54. [PMID: 25091816 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During oral infection, mucosal immunity assumes a predominant role. Here, we addressed the role of mast cells (MCs), which are mainly located in mucosa during oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii, using MC-deficient (W/W(v) ) mice. We show that in the absence of MCs the resistance of W/W(v) mice to oral infection was considerably reduced. W/W(v) mice uniformly succumbed within 15 days of infection after administration of cysts of the ME49 strain of T. gondii. The rapid lethality of T. gondii in W/W(v) mice correlated with a delayed Th1-cell response, since IFN-γ and IL-12 levels peaked in the later phase of the infection. In vitro, BM-derived MCs were able to recognize parasite lysate in a MyD88-dependent way, reaffirming the role of this TLR adapter in immune responses to T. gondii. The importance of MCs in vivo was confirmed when W/W(v) mice reconstituted with BM-derived MCs from control mice retrieved an early strong Th1-cell response and specially a significant IL-12 production. In conclusion, MCs play an important role for the development of a protective immune response during oral infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cruz
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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André CV, Bosc R, Chader H, Lange F, Hermeziu O, Meningaud JP. [Low level laser therapy in inflammatory and infectious oral diseases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 115:22-7. [PMID: 24461647 DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is an increasingly studied technique. The authors of a meta-analysis published in 2012 had already confirmed the effectiveness of LLLT for radio-induced mucitis. Our purpose was to check its indication for similar pathologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The articles were selected with the PubMed engine. The selected terms were "Low Level Laser Therapy", "oral surgery", "oral infection", "oral inflammation", "oral mucosal lesions", "oral mucosal disease", "stomatitis", "aphtous", "Herpes", "oral lichen planus", and "oral ulceration". The analysis was made on the following criteria: assessment criteria, methodological quality, and bias. We estimated the level of proof according to Sackett's modified score. RESULTS Six articles were selected. Two focused on the effectiveness of LLLT for Herpes simplex virus 1 oral symptoms. Two focused on the effectiveness of LLLT for oral lichen planus. One focused on the effectiveness of LLLT for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The last one focused on the usefulness of LLLT to control stomatitis pain in the hand-foot-and-mouth disease. CONCLUSION All the selected studies were assessed with a Sackett's score of IV. No study presented the required quality standards to recommend the treatment of LLLT for the selected indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-V André
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU-hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - R Bosc
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU-hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - H Chader
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU-hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - F Lange
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU-hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - O Hermeziu
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU-hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - J-P Meningaud
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU-hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
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Xu L, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen X. Investigation of the oral infections and manifestations seen in patients with advanced cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29:1112-5. [PMID: 24353702 PMCID: PMC3858927 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.295.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A prospective, observational study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology of oral infection among the patients with advanced malignancies, and to investigate the effects of therapy strategies and risk factors on the incidence of oral infection. Methods: The patients with advanced malignancies were enrolled into the study. The incidence of oral infection with different malignant tumor groups or different treatment methods and the diagnoses of oral infection were confirmed. Demographic data on age, gender, bed rest time, nutritional status, smoking habit and the presence of oral prosthesis were also recorded. Results: Oral infection was prevalent in 46% (391/850) of all cancer patients, with the highest rate in oral and maxillofacial cancer group (67%), followed by Hematological malignancy group (58.6%) and other groups (ranging from 43.3% to 35.3%). Oral candidiasis, oral herpes simplex, and oral mucositis were the popular infectious diseases in the patients. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, especially combined radio- and chemotherapy, resulted in more oral infections compared with palliative care and surgery. Poor nutritional status and oral prosthesis were identified as independent risk factors associated with oral infection. Conclusion: Oral infection is prevalent among advanced cancer patients and associated with therapy methods and risk factors. More oral health care should be carried out for the patients with advanced malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xu
- LihuaXu, General Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Hualin Zhang, College of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Jinsong Liu, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Xiaowei Chen, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chung CH, Bagheri A, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:364-9. [PMID: 24080455 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe what is known about the epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. METHODS In this article we review current data on HPV prevalence, natural history, mode of acquisition, and risk factors for oral HPV infection. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Over the past several years new studies have informed our understanding of oral HPV infection. These data suggest oral HPV prevalence is higher in men than women and support the sexual transmission of HPV to the mouth by oral sex. Data is emerging suggesting that most oral HPV infections usually clear within a year on and describing risk factors for prevalent and persistent infection. Recent data support likely efficacy of the HPV vaccine for oral HPV, suggesting vaccination may reduce risk of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer.
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Abe T, Hajishengallis G. Optimization of the ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. J Immunol Methods 2013; 394:49-54. [PMID: 23672778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that leads to alveolar bone loss and may exert an adverse impact on systemic health. Experimental animal models are critical tools to investigate mechanisms of periodontal pathogenesis and test new therapeutic approaches. The ligature-induced periodontitis model has been used frequently in relatively large animals, including non-human primates, to assess the host response and its effects on the tooth-supporting tissues (gingiva and bone) under well-controlled conditions. Although mice constitute the most convenient and versatile model for mechanistic immunological research (plethora of genetically engineered strains and immunological reagents), the tiny size of the murine oral cavity has presented technical challenges for ligature placement. In this report, we present a straightforward method for ligating the second maxillary molar tooth, and, moreover, identified the most appropriate sites for evaluating inflammatory bone loss in a valid and reproducible manner. These optimizations are expected to facilitate the use of the mouse ligature-induced periodontitis model and consequently contribute to better understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Abe
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Egea L, Le Borgne H, Samson M, Boutigny H, Philippe HJ, Soueidan A. [ Oral infections and pregnancy: knowledge of health professionals]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 41:635-40. [PMID: 23602137 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The abundance of recent studies on the relationship between oral diseases and complications of pregnancy leads to questions on knowledge of health professionals. This study aims to establish an inventory of knowledge and practice of health professionals in France on this issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS A questionnaire on knowledge of the relationship between oral diseases and complications of pregnancy was referred to gynaecologists and obstetricians, midwives and dentists. This study was conducted at the University Hospital of Nantes and Le Mans General Hospital. RESULTS Eighty-seven professionals of pregnancy and 259 dentists responded to the survey. Bleeding gums and pregnancy gingivitis are the oral manifestations most cited by all practitioners. There is however a difference concerning the epulis and caries risk. The most cited Pregnancy complications are risk of premature delivery and chorioamniotitis. Only dentists had received initial training on pregnancy complications. Finally, all health professionals point to the lack of continued education on this topic. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION There is a good knowledge of the pregnancy complications associated with oral disease despite the lack of training of pregnancy, but the attitudes of care are not still in adequacy. It appears necessary to strengthen the training of all practitioners in this field. The design and implementation of a specific questionnaire on oral health status could allow better identification of the patients at risk by the professionals of pregnancy, and optimize so the care of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Egea
- Unité d'investigation clinique odontologie, département de parodontologie, CHU de Nantes, 1, place A.-Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes cedex, France
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Abstract
The indigenous, 'normal', microflora causes the majority of localized infectious diseases of the oral cavity (eg, dental caries, alveolar abscesses, periodontal diseases and candidiasis). The same microflora also protects the host from exogenous pathogens by stimulating a vigorous immune response and provides colonization resistance. How can a microflora that supports health also cause endogenous oral disease? This paradoxical host-symbiont relationship will be discussed within the dynamic of symbiosis.Symbiosis means 'life together' - it is capable of continuous change as determined by selective pressures of the oral milieu. Mutualistic symbiosis, where both the host and the indigenous microflora benefit from the association, may shift to a parasitic symbiosis, where the host is damaged and the indigenous microflora benefit. Importantly, these are reversible relationships. This microbial dynamism, called amphibiosis, is the essential adaptive process that determines the causation of endogenous oral disease by a parasitic microflora or the maintenance of oral health by a mutualistic microflora.Complex microbial consortiums, existing as a biofilm, usually provide the interfaces that initiate and perpetuate the infectious assault on host tissue. The ecology of the various oral microhabitats is critical for the development of the appropriate selecting milieux for pathogens. The microbiota associated with dental caries progression is primarily influenced by the prevailing pH, whereas periodontal diseases and pulpal infection appear to be more dependent on redox potential. Candidiasis results from host factors that favour yeast overgrowth or bacterial suppression caused by antibiotics. Oral health or disease is an adventitious event that results from microbial adaptation to prevailing conditions; prevention of endogenous oral disease can occur only when we realize that ecology is the heart of these host-symbiont relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ruby
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean Barbeau
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montreal,Quebec
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