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Li S, Wu Z, Fan H, Zhong M, Xing X, Wang Y, Yang H, Liu Q, Zhang D. Flexible Stretchable Strain Sensor Based on LIG/PDMS for Real-Time Health Monitoring of Test Pilots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:2884. [PMID: 40363320 PMCID: PMC12074438 DOI: 10.3390/s25092884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
In the rapidly advancing era of intelligent technology, flexible strain sensors are emerging as a key component in wearable electronics. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) stands out as a promising fabrication method due to its rapid processing, environmental sustainability, low cost, and superior physicochemical properties. However, the stretchability and conformability of LIG are often limited by the substrate material, hindering its application in scenarios requiring high deformation. To address this issue, we propose a high-performance flexible and stretchable strain sensor fabricated by generating graphene on a polyimide (PI) substrate using laser induction and subsequently transferred onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resultant sensor demonstrates an ultra-low detection limit (0.1%), a rapid response time (150 ms), a wide strain range (40%), and retains stable performance after 1000 stretching cycles. Notably, this sensor has been successfully applied to the real-time monitoring of civil aviation test pilots during flight for the first time, enabling the accurate detection of physiological signals such as pulse, hand movements, and blink frequency. This study introduces a unique and innovative solution for the real-time health monitoring of civil aviation test pilots, with significant implications for enhancing flight safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqing Li
- Civil Aviation Administration of China Academy, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China;
| | - Zhanghui Wu
- College of Aviation and Electronics and Electrical, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Z.W.); (H.F.); (X.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hongyun Fan
- College of Aviation and Electronics and Electrical, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Z.W.); (H.F.); (X.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mian Zhong
- College of Aviation and Electronics and Electrical, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Z.W.); (H.F.); (X.X.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xing
- College of Aviation and Electronics and Electrical, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Z.W.); (H.F.); (X.X.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Yongzheng Wang
- Civil Aviation Flight Test Institute, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China;
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Mianyang Branch, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Mianyang 621000, China;
| | - Qijian Liu
- College of Computer Science, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China;
| | - Deyin Zhang
- College of Aviation and Electronics and Electrical, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Z.W.); (H.F.); (X.X.); (D.Z.)
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2
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Xu Z, Zhang C, Wang F, Yu J, Yang G, Surmenev RA, Li Z, Ding B. Smart Textiles for Personalized Sports and Healthcare. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025; 17:232. [PMID: 40278986 PMCID: PMC12031719 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Xu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Chentian Zhang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqiang Wang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Zhaoling Li
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sekeroglu MO, Pekgor M, Algin A, Toros T, Serin E, Uzun M, Cerit G, Onat T, Ermis SA. Transdisciplinary Innovations in Athlete Health: 3D-Printable Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring and Sports Psychology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:1453. [PMID: 40096328 PMCID: PMC11902809 DOI: 10.3390/s25051453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
The integration of 3D printing technology into wearable sensor systems has catalyzed a paradigm shift in sports psychology and athlete health monitoring by enabling real-time, personalized data collection on physiological and psychological states. In this study, not only is the technical potential of these advancements examined but their real-world applications in sports psychology are also critically assessed. While the existing research primarily focuses on sensor fabrication and data acquisition, a significant gap remains in the evaluation of their direct impact on decision-making processes in coaching, mental resilience, and long-term psychological adaptation in athletes. A critical analysis of the current state of 3D-printed wearable sensors is conducted, highlighting both their advantages and limitations. By combining theoretical insights with practical considerations, a comprehensive framework is established for understanding how sensor-based interventions can be effectively incorporated into sports training and psychological evaluation. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies, athlete-centered validation, and interdisciplinary collaborations to bridge the gap between technological developments and real-world applications. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and advanced biomaterials has significant potential to enhance the reliability and interpretability of sensor-driven interventions. However, without rigorous scientific validation, their effectiveness remains uncertain. This study highlights the importance of a systematic approach in implementing and evaluating 3D-printed wearable sensors in sports psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Metin Pekgor
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Aydolu Algin
- Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Türkiye
| | - Turhan Toros
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Türkiye; (T.T.); (E.S.)
| | - Emre Serin
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Türkiye; (T.T.); (E.S.)
| | - Meliha Uzun
- High School of Physical Education and Sports, Sirnak University, Sirnak 73000, Türkiye; (M.U.); (G.C.)
| | - Gunay Cerit
- High School of Physical Education and Sports, Sirnak University, Sirnak 73000, Türkiye; (M.U.); (G.C.)
| | - Tugba Onat
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye;
| | - Sermin Agrali Ermis
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09010, Türkiye;
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4
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Qu M, Dong Y, Liu Q, Wang Y, Feng P, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Zhang R, Sun CL, He J. Piezoresistive Sensor Based on Porous Sponge with Superhydrophobic and Flame Retardant Properties for Motion Monitoring and Fire Alarm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:2105-2116. [PMID: 39731544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethane sponge is frequently selected as a substrate material for constructing flexible compressible sensors due to its excellent resilience and compressibility. However, being highly hydrophilic and flammable, it not only narrows the range of use of the sensor but also poses a great potential threat to human safety. In this paper, a conductive flexible piezoresistive sensor (CHAP-PU) with superhydrophobicity and high flame retardancy was prepared by a simple dip-coating method using A-CNTs/HGM/ADP coatings deposited on the surface of a sponge skeleton and modified with polydimethylsiloxane. With great sensitivity and durability (>3000 cycles) as well as fast response/recovery time (152 ms/178 ms), the sensor is capable of monitoring human movement as a wearable device. The modified material surface has a hydrophobicity angle of 153°, which provides significant self-cleaning and weather resistance. Furthermore, the CHAP-PU sensor is able to respond stably to underwater movements. Importantly, when the sponge was directly exposed to an open flame, no flame spreading or dripping of molten material was detected, indicating excellent flame retardancy. Meanwhile, CHAP-PU was also equipped as a smart fire alarm system, and the results showed that an alarm signal was triggered within 2 s under flame erosion. Therefore, the flame-retardant superhydrophobic CHAP-PU sponge-based sensor shows great potential for human motion detection and fire alarm applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yurou Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Energy, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Pu Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Cai-Li Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jinmei He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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5
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Varga Pajtler M, Kovač I, Topalović M, Lukačević I. Magnetic ordering and half-metallicity in hydrogenated graphene-hBN nanoribbons. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:234701. [PMID: 39679508 DOI: 10.1063/5.0238516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoribbons have shown significant potential for various applications owing to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. This study explored the effects of hydrogenation on the magnetic and electronic properties of Gr-hBN nanoribbons (Gr/BNNRs). The influence of hydrogenation of one or both edges, i.e., Gr edge and B or N edge, combined with different interface types, on the magnetic ordering and occurrence of half-metallicity in Gr/BNNRs was investigated using spin-polarized density functional theory. The findings reveal that hydrogenation induces ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism, depending on the edge and interface configuration, and leads to half-metallicity in several configurations. These properties suggest Gr/BNNRs as promising materials for spintronic devices, where the ability to control magnetic ordering and electronic behavior via edge hydrogenation could be pivotal. The results highlight the potential for fine-tuning magnetic and electronic properties in Gr/BNNRs, paving the way for their application in advanced spin-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Varga Pajtler
- Department of Physics, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - I Kovač
- Department of Physics, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - M Topalović
- Department of Physics, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - I Lukačević
- Department of Physics, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, Osijek 31000, Croatia
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6
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Jin Y, Zhou X, Wang C, Sun L, Shen H, Chen L. Multilevel Cu-LIG Tactile Sensing Arrays for 3D Touch Human-Machine Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:68379-68387. [PMID: 39614803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
High-performance flexible tactile sensors have attracted significant attention in the domains of human-machine interactions. However, the efficient fabrication of sensors with highly sensitive responses over a broad load range still remains a challenge. Here, we propose a one-step laser writing route to construct a distinctive multilevel piezoresistive structure, consisting of Cu nanoparticle-doped graphene protrusions and surrounding porous Cu sheets. This multilevel structure enables the assembled tactile sensors to exhibit superior sensitivity at both low-pressure (1468 kPa-1 at 0-200 kPa) and high-pressure (1345 kPa-1 at 600-800 kPa) stimulations. Its enhancement mechanism for piezoresistive sensing has been investigated. The programmable laser writing process facilitates the development of human-machine interaction devices that recognize multidimensional gestures such as sliding, clicking, and pressing. This advancement serves to promote the development of high-performance interactive sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexi Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xingwen Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Chunju Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lining Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Liguo Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
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7
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Kim MG, Nam KW, Kim WJ, Park SH. Optimizing Stretchability and Electrical Stability in Bilayer-Structured Flexible Liquid Metal Composite Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1467. [PMID: 39770219 PMCID: PMC11678798 DOI: 10.3390/mi15121467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metals remain in a liquid state at room temperature and exhibit excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, low viscosity, and low toxicity, making them ideal for creating highly stretchable and conductive composites suitable for flexible electronic devices. Despite these benefits, conventional single-layer liquid metal composites face challenges, such as liquid metal leakage during deformation (e.g., stretching or bending) and limited elongation due to incomplete integration of the liquid metal within the elastomer matrix. To address these limitations, we introduced a bilayer structure into liquid metal composites, comprising a lower polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer and an upper PDMS-liquid metal mixed layer. In the mixed layer, the liquid metal precipitates, forming a conductive network spanning both layers. This bilayer composite structure demonstrated significantly improved stretchability and elongation compared to pure PDMS or single-layer composites. Additionally, by adjusting the size and content of the liquid metal particles, we optimized the composite's mechanical and electrical properties. Under optimal conditions, spherical liquid metal particles deform into elliptical shapes under tensile stress, increasing conductive pathways and reducing electrical resistance. The combined effects of the bilayer structure and particle shape deformation enhanced the composite's stretchability and elongation, supporting its potential for flexible electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung-Hoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (M.-G.K.); (K.-W.N.); (W.-J.K.)
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8
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Ma X, Chen D, Qu Q, Liao S, Wang M, Wang H, Chen Z, Zhang T, Wang F, Liu Y. Directional Characteristic Enhancement of an Omnidirectional Detection Sensor Enabled by Strain Partitioning Effects in a Periodic Composite Hole Substrate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:5802-5814. [PMID: 39431947 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
An omnidirectional stretchable strain sensor with high resolution is a critical component for motion detection and human-machine interaction. It is the current dominant solution to integrate several consistent units into the omnidirectional sensor based on a certain geometric structure. However, the excessive similarity in orientation characteristics among sensing units restricts orientation recognition due to their closely matched strain sensitivity. In this study, based on strain partition modulation (SPM), a sensitivity anisotropic amplification strategy is proposed for resistive strain sensors. The stress distribution of a sensitive conductive network is modulated by structural parameters of the customized periodic hole array introduced underneath the elastomer substrate. Meanwhile, the strain isolation structures are designed on both sides of the sensing unit for stress interference immune. The optimized sensors exhibit excellent sensitivity (19 for 0-80%; 109 for 80%-140%; 368 for 140%-200%), with nearly a 7-fold improvement in the 140%-200% interval compared to bare elastomer sensors. More importantly, a sensing array composed of multiple units with different hole configurations can highlight orientation characteristics with amplitude difference between channels reaching up to 29 times. For the 48-class strain-orientation decoupling task, the recognition rate of the sensitivity-differentiated layout sensor with the lightweight deep learning network is as high as 96.01%, superior to that of 85.7% for the sensitivity-consistent layout. Furthermore, the application of the sensor to the fitness field demonstrates an accurate recognition of the wrist flexion direction (98.4%) and spinal bending angle (83.4%). Looking forward, this methodology provides unique prospects for broader applications such as tactile sensors, soft robotics, and health monitoring technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ma
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Da Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Quanlin Qu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shengmei Liao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Hanning Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yijian Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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9
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Liu L, Cai C, Qian Z, Li P, Zhu F. Application of Laser-Induced Graphene Flexible Sensor in Monitoring Large Deformation of Reinforced Concrete Structure. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:7444. [PMID: 39685981 DOI: 10.3390/s24237444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
When cracks appear in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, the tensile load will be borne by steel bars with high ductility, resulting in a large deformation. Traditional strain sensors have difficulties in achieving good performance for large deformations in concrete structures. In this paper, based on a laser-induced graphene (LIG) technique, a flexible sensor is proposed for monitoring large deformations of concrete structures. Polyimide film is used as the carbon precursor to prepare LIG through laser scanning and then LIG is transferred onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to form the flexible sensor. The calibration and performance verification of the flexible sensor are completed through tensile tests. The applicability of the flexible sensor in monitoring large deformations of concrete is verified through beam bending experiments. The fatigue resistance of the flexible sensor is verified through fatigue tests on a full-scale beam. The experimental results showed that the flexible sensor has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, and stable performance, making it suitable for applications in the field of large deformation monitoring of RC structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- College of Air Transport and Engineering, Nanhang Jincheng College, Nanjing 211156, China
| | - Chenning Cai
- College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhenghua Qian
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of General Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Liyang 213300, China
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10
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Abedheydari F, Sadeghzadeh S, Saadatbakhsh M, Heydariyan A, Khakpour E. Silver-decorated laser-induced graphene for a linear, sensitive, and almost hysteresis-free piezoresistive strain sensor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:28715. [PMID: 39567615 PMCID: PMC11579415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A new approach has recently emerged in graphene synthesis by direct laser writing (LIG), which is highly economical and scalable, unlike previous methods. Here, the sputtering method has been used to coat silver onto the laser-induced graphene-based sensor. The results demonstrate that the chosen approach substantially impacts the expected outcomes. The initial resistance values were consistent across the different sensor samples. The average resistance was slightly lower in the silver-coated samples compared to the uncoated samples, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Ag coating in enhancing the electrical conductivity of the LIG material. However, the difference in resistance was not statistically significant. The electromechanical behavior of the Ag-coated LIG strain sensor was tested under cyclic tensile strain. The gauge factor increased from 12.9-14.7 for the uncoated LIG sensor to 17.2-26.7 for the Ag-coated sensor, with the difference growing at higher strains. At 5%, 30%, and 70% strain, the gauge factor increased by 30%, 80%, and 82%, respectively. Sensors measuring 1-70% strain were developed, enabling use in various applications. Blood pulse measurements showed the silver-coated sample produced more uniform and reliable results than the uncoated sample. The number of beats matched a commercial pulse oximeter. This sensitivity, linearity, and reliability demonstrate the potential for commercializing these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemehsadat Abedheydari
- Smart Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (SMNEMS) Lab, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Sadeghzadeh
- Smart Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (SMNEMS) Lab, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saadatbakhsh
- Smart Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (SMNEMS) Lab, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heydariyan
- Smart Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (SMNEMS) Lab, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khakpour
- Smart Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (SMNEMS) Lab, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Li Q, Ahmed I, Minh Ngoc P, Phuong Hoa T, Vinh Dieu T, Irshad MS, Xuan Nang H, Dao VD. Contemporary advances in polymer applications for sporting goods: fundamentals, properties, and applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:37445-37469. [PMID: 39600489 PMCID: PMC11589808 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers have transformed sportswear, bringing forth a new age of innovation. Because of these flexible materials, athletes in many disciplines benefit from lighter, more durable gear. Polymers significantly improve sports performance, ranging from carbon-fiber tennis rackets that increase power to cushioning polymers that reduce joint impact in running shoes. This review provides a basic understanding of polymers, classifications, and their potential role in sporting goods. It also explores lightweight design, impact resistance, and even smart sports gear. Further, the fabrication procedures of various polymer matrix composites have been explored for sporting goods applications. However, this work briefly discussed the challenges and limitations associated with polymers in sports goods, including cost considerations, durability, longevity, and regulatory compliance. It provides insight into future developments in this field as well as the multifaceted role of polymers in sports goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyao Li
- Xi'an Aeronautical Institute Sports Department China
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University P.O. Box 59911 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Phan Minh Ngoc
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Ta Phuong Hoa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Tran Vinh Dieu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Sultan Irshad
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of New Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Ho Xuan Nang
- Faculty of Vehicle and Energy Engineering, PHENIKAA University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Van-Duong Dao
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
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12
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Clark KM, Nekoba DT, Viernes KL, Zhou J, Ray TR. Fabrication of high-resolution, flexible, laser-induced graphene sensors via stencil masking. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 264:116649. [PMID: 39137522 PMCID: PMC11368413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The advent of wearable sensing platforms capable of continuously monitoring physiological parameters indicative of health status have resulted in a paradigm shift for clinical medicine. The accessibility and adaptability of such portable, unobtrusive devices enables proactive, personalized care based on real-time physiological insights. While wearable sensing platforms exhibit powerful capabilities for continuously monitoring physiological parameters, device fabrication often requires specialized facilities and technical expertise, restricting deployment opportunities and innovation potential. The recent emergence of rapid prototyping approaches to sensor fabrication, such as laser-induced graphene (LIG), provides a pathway for circumventing these barriers through low-cost, scalable fabrication. However, inherent limitations in laser processing restrict the spatial resolution of LIG-based flexible electronic devices to the minimum laser spot size. For a CO2 laser-a commonly reported laser for device production-this corresponds to a feature size of ∼120 μm. Here, we demonstrate a facile, low-cost stencil-masking technique to reduce the minimum resolvable feature size of a LIG-based device from 120 ± 20 μm to 45 ± 3 μm when fabricated by CO2 laser. Characterization of device performance reveals this stencil-masked LIG (s-LIG) method yields a concomitant improvement in electrical properties, which we hypothesize is the result of changes in macrostructure of the patterned LIG. We showcase the performance of this fabrication method via production of common sensors including temperature and multi-electrode electrochemical sensors. We fabricate fine-line microarray electrodes not typically achievable via native CO2 laser processing, demonstrating the potential of the expanded design capabilities. Comparing microarray sensors made with and without the stencil to traditional macro LIG electrodes reveals the s-LIG sensors have significantly reduced capacitance for similar electroactive surface areas. Beyond improving sensor performance, the increased resolution enabled by this metal stencil technique expands capabilities for scalable fabrication of high-performance wearable sensors in low-resource settings without reliance on traditional fabrication pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee M Clark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Deylen T Nekoba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kian Laʻi Viernes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Tyler R Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John. A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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13
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Gu H, Jiang K, Yu F, Wang L, Yang X, Li X, Jiang Y, Lü W, Sun X. Multifunctional Human-Computer Interaction System Based on Deep Learning-Assisted Strain Sensing Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:54496-54507. [PMID: 39325961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Continuous and reliable monitoring of gait is crucial for health monitoring, such as postoperative recovery of bone joint surgery and early diagnosis of disease. However, existing gait analysis systems often suffer from large volumes and the requirement of special space for setting motion capture systems, limiting their application in daily life. Here, we develop an intelligent gait monitoring and analysis prediction system based on flexible piezoelectric sensors and deep learning neural networks with high sensitivity (241.29 mV/N), quick response (66 ms loading, 87 ms recovery), and excellent stability (R2 = 0.9946). The theoretical simulations and experiments confirm that the sensor provides exceptional signal feedback, which can easily acquire accurate gait data when fitted to shoe soles. By integrating high-quality gait data with a custom-built deep learning model, the system can detect and infer human motion states in real time (the recognition accuracy reaches 94.7%). To further validate the sensor's application in real life, we constructed a flexible wearable recognition system with human-computer interaction interface and a simple operation process for long-term and continuous tracking of athletes' gait, potentially aiding personalized health management, early detection of disease, and remote medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Science, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Lü
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
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14
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Gholami R, Lawan I, Luengrojanakul P, Ebrahimi S, Ahn CH, Rimdusit S. Development of a laser induced graphene (LIG) and polylactic acid (PLA) shape memory polymer composite with simultaneous multi-stimuli response and deformation self-sensing characteristics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4865-4876. [PMID: 39323418 PMCID: PMC11421537 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00450g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the integration of laser-induced graphene (LIG) on a polylactic acid (PLA) substrate to create a novel shape memory polymer composite (SMPC) with multi-stimuli response and deformation self-sensing characteristics. The LIG was initially engraved on a commercial polyimide film and subsequently transferred to the PLA substrate through hot compression. Raman spectra analysis confirmed the successful engraving of the LIG, exhibiting the typical characteristic peaks. Durability tests revealed that the transferred LIG adhered well to the PLA substrate. Additionally, the transferred LIG demonstrated a sheet resistance of 40.3 Ω sq-1, which facilitated the electrical actuation of the LIG/PLA composite through Joule heating, allowing precise temperature control by manipulating the applied electrical power. An optimum electrical power of 0.95 W was identified to rapidly reach the actuation temperature without exceeding 80 °C. The study also demonstrated the LIG/PLA composite's responsiveness to infrared (IR) light, attributed to photothermal conversion behavior of LIG. An optimum IR intensity of 85 mW cm-2 was established for reaching the actuation temperature without surpassing 80 °C. This multi-stimulus functionality was achieved alongside real-time monitoring of the shape recovery ratio, enabled by the piezoresistive properties of LIG, which allowed for recording electrical resistance changes during recovery. This approach eliminates the need for external components and offers a straightforward fabrication process. The ability to actuate and sense deformation using a single, integrated LIG pattern opens new opportunities for developing advanced, multi-responsive, and self-sensing shape memory polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Gholami
- Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Ibrahim Lawan
- Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Panuwat Luengrojanakul
- Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sahar Ebrahimi
- Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Cheol-Hee Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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15
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Nankali M, Rouhi M, Jones J, Rathod S, Peng P. Fiber Laser Writing of Highly Sensitive Nickel Nanoparticle-Incorporated Graphene Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39835-39846. [PMID: 39012315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Unlocking new dimensions in wearable sensor technology, this research highlights ultrasensitive stretchable strain sensors fabricated with the customized laser-induced graphene (LIG) decorated with uniformly distributed nickel nanoparticles with a fiber laser writing process. The nickel nanoparticle-incorporated LIG (Ni-NPs@LIG) strain sensors fabricated by a simple all-laser-based method utilize a commercial fiber laser. The Ni-NPs@LIG sensors showcase an impressive gauge factor, reaching up to 248 for strain values below 5%, demonstrating a sensitivity increase of up to 430% compared to the pure LIG sensors. Moreover, these sensors offer adjustable strain sensitivity based on laser fluence. The key advancement of this study lies in the direct laser writing of highly porous nickel-graphene nanostructures with adjustable properties, making them applicable across a broad range of applications. As an application demonstration, the strain sensors were employed to assess the small deformation of a pouch battery or track the large deformation of a balloon surface.
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16
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Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu F, Dai F, Li J, Li Z. Pollen-Modified Flat Silk Cocoon Pressure Sensors for Wearable Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4698. [PMID: 39066095 PMCID: PMC11280503 DOI: 10.3390/s24144698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microstructures have been proved as crucial factors for the sensing performance of flexible pressure sensors. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy)/sunflower pollen (SFP) (P/SFP) was prepared via the in situ growth of PPy on the surface of degreased SFP with a sea urchin-like microstructure; then, these P/SFP microspheres were sprayed onto a flat silk cocoon (FSC) to prepare a sensing layer P/SFP-FSC. PPy-FSC (P-FSC) was prepared as an electrode layer through the in situ polymerization of PPy on the FSC surface. The sensing layer P/SFP-FSC was placed between two P-FSC electrode layers to assemble a P/SFP-FSC pressure sensor together with a fork finger electrode. With 6 mg/cm2 of optimized sprayed P/SFP microspheres, the prepared flexible pressure sensor has a sensitivity of up to 0.128 KPa-1 in the range of 0-13.18 KPa and up to 0.13 KPa-1 in the range of 13.18-30.65 KPa, a fast response/recovery time (90 ms/80 ms), and a minimum detection limit as low as 40 Pa. This fabricated flexible P/SFP-FSC sensor can monitor human motion and can also be used for the encrypted transmission of important information via Morse code. In conclusion, the developed flexible P/SFP-FSC pressure sensor based on microstructure modification in this study shows good application prospects in the field of human-computer interaction and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiashen Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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17
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Kong L, Li W, Zhang T, Ma H, Cao Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Shamim A, Zheng L, Wang X, Huang W. Wireless Technologies in Flexible and Wearable Sensing: From Materials Design, System Integration to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400333. [PMID: 38652082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wireless and wearable sensors attract considerable interest in personalized healthcare by providing a unique approach for remote, noncontact, and continuous monitoring of various health-related signals without interference with daily life. Recent advances in wireless technologies and wearable sensors have promoted practical applications due to their significantly improved characteristics, such as reduction in size and thickness, enhancement in flexibility and stretchability, and improved conformability to the human body. Currently, most researches focus on active materials and structural designs for wearable sensors, with just a few exceptions reflecting on the technologies for wireless data transmission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art wireless technologies and related studies on empowering wearable sensors. The emerging functional nanomaterials utilized for designing unique wireless modules are highlighted, which include metals, carbons, and MXenes. Additionally, the review outlines the system-level integration of wireless modules with flexible sensors, spanning from novel design strategies for enhanced conformability to efficient transmitting data wirelessly. Furthermore, the review introduces representative applications for remote and noninvasive monitoring of physiological signals through on-skin and implantable wireless flexible sensing systems. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and unprecedented opportunities for wireless and wearable sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tinghao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunqiang Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Atif Shamim
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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18
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Zhang S, Yang C, Qi Z, Wang Y, Cheng E, Zhao L, Hu N. Laser patterned graphene pressure sensor with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:365503. [PMID: 38861977 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted wide attention because of their applications in wearable electronic, human-computer interface, and healthcare. However, it is still a challenge to design a pressure sensor with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range to satisfy the requirements of different application scenarios. Here, a laser patterned graphene pressure sensor (LPGPS) is proposed with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range based on the pre-stretched kirigami structure. Due to the out-of-plane deformation of the pre-stretched kirigami structure, the sensitivity can be easily tuned by simply modifying the pre-stretched level. As a result, it exhibits a maximum sensitivity of 0.243 kPa-1, an ultrawide range up to 1600 kPa, a low detection limit (6 Pa), a short response time (42 ms), and excellent stability with high pressure of 1200 kPa over 500 cycles. Benefiting from its high sensitivity and ultrawide response range, the proposed sensor can be applied to detect physiological and kinematic signals under different pressure intensities. Additionally, taking advantage of laser programmable patterning, it can be easily configured into an array to determine the pressure distribution. Therefore, LPGPS with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range has potential application in wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengpan Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - E Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
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19
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Li Y, Li Y, Wu S, Wu X, Shu J. Laser-Scribed Graphene for Human Health Monitoring: From Biophysical Sensing to Biochemical Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:942. [PMID: 38869567 PMCID: PMC11173585 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Laser-scribed graphene (LSG), a classic three-dimensional porous carbon nanomaterial, is directly fabricated by laser irradiation of substrate materials. Benefiting from its excellent electrical and mechanical properties, along with flexible and simple preparation process, LSG has played a significant role in the field of flexible sensors. This review provides an overview of the critical factors in fabrication, and methods for enhancing the functionality of LSG. It also highlights progress and trends in LSG-based sensors for monitoring physiological indicators, with an emphasis on device fabrication, signal transduction, and sensing characteristics. Finally, we offer insights into the current challenges and future prospects of LSG-based sensors for health monitoring and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakang Li
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Sirui Wu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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20
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Chaudhary Y, Suman S, Rakesh B, Ojha GP, Deshpande U, Pant B, Sankaran KJ. Boron and Nitrogen Co-Doped Porous Graphene Nanostructures for the Electrochemical Detection of Poisonous Heavy Metal Ions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:806. [PMID: 38727400 PMCID: PMC11085509 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal poisoning has a life-threatening impact on the human body to aquatic ecosystems. This necessitates designing a convenient green methodology for the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor that can detect heavy metal ions efficiently. In this study, boron (B) and nitrogen (N) co-doped laser-induced porous graphene (LIGBN) nanostructured electrodes were fabricated using a direct laser writing technique. The fabricated electrodes were utilised for the individual and simultaneous electrochemical detection of lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions using a square wave voltammetry technique (SWV). The synergistic effect of B and N co-doping results in an improved sensing performance of the electrode with better sensitivity of 0.725 µA/µM for Pb2+ and 0.661 µA/µM for Cd2+ ions, respectively. Moreover, the sensing electrode shows a low limit of detection of 0.21 µM and 0.25 µM for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, with wide linear ranges from 8.0 to 80 µM for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions and high linearity of R2 = 0.99 in case of simultaneous detection. This rapid and facile method of fabricating heteroatom-doped porous graphene opens a new avenue in electrochemical sensing studies to detect various hazardous metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Chaudhary
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India; (Y.C.); (S.S.); (B.R.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shradha Suman
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India; (Y.C.); (S.S.); (B.R.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Benadict Rakesh
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India; (Y.C.); (S.S.); (B.R.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gunendra Prasad Ojha
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea;
| | - Uday Deshpande
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India;
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India; (Y.C.); (S.S.); (B.R.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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21
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Zou J, Chen X, Song B, Cui Y. Bionic Spider Web Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CF-L and Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38683945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
At present, the preparation of laser-induced graphene (LIG) has become an important technology in sensor manufacturing. In the conventional preparation process, the CO2 laser is widely used; however, its experimental period is long and its efficiency needs to be improved. We propose an innovative strategy to improve the experimental efficiency. We use the machine learning method to accurately predict the preparation parameters of LIG, so as to optimize the experimental process. Different structures can lead to different sensor performances. The structure constructed by the CO2 laser is rough and has a large size, which can affect the performance of the sensor. Therefore, we propose for the first time an innovative method for intramembrane structure construction that combines the advantages of the CO2 laser and fiber laser (CF-L). With this CF-L method, we have successfully prepared a biomimetic, flexible strain sensor. This sensor not only maintains a high degree of sensitivity, but also has a more refined and optimized structure. The manufacturing process of the whole sensor is simple, economical, and durable and can be prepared in large quantities and can be used to detect the extension and bending of human joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixu Zou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | | | - Bao Song
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Yuming Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
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22
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Wu Y, Li Y, Zhang X. The Future of Graphene: Preparation from Biomass Waste and Sports Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1825. [PMID: 38675644 PMCID: PMC11053808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the main raw material for producing graphene is graphite ore. However, researchers actively seek alternative resources due to their high cost and environmental problems. Biomass waste has attracted much attention due to its carbon-rich structure and renewability, emerging as a potential raw material for graphene production to be used in sports equipment. However, further progress is required on the quality of graphene produced from waste biomass. This paper, therefore, summarizes the properties, structures, and production processes of graphene and its derivatives, as well as the inherent advantages of biomass waste-derived graphene. Finally, this paper reviews graphene's importance and application prospects in sports since this wonder material has made sports equipment available with high-strength and lightweight quality. Moreover, its outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity is exploited to prepare wearable sensors to collect more accurate sports data, thus helping to improve athletes' training levels and competitive performance. Although the large-scale production of biomass waste-derived graphene has yet to be realized, it is expected that its application will expand to various other fields due to the associated low cost and environmental friendliness of the preparation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Wu
- Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Yanlong Li
- Academic Theory Research Department, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China; (Y.W.)
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23
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Xing X, Zou Y, Zhong M, Li S, Fan H, Lei X, Yin J, Shen J, Liu X, Xu M, Jiang Y, Tang T, Qian Y, Zhou C. A Flexible Wearable Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for High-Precision Fine Motion Capture for Pilots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1349. [PMID: 38400507 PMCID: PMC10892607 DOI: 10.3390/s24041349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There has been a significant shift in research focus in recent years toward laser-induced graphene (LIG), which is a high-performance material with immense potential for use in energy storage, ultrahydrophobic water applications, and electronic devices. In particular, LIG has demonstrated considerable potential in the field of high-precision human motion posture capture using flexible sensing materials. In this study, we investigated the surface morphology evolution and performance of LIG formed by varying the laser energy accumulation times. Further, to capture human motion posture, we evaluated the performance of highly accurate flexible wearable sensors based on LIG. The experimental results showed that the sensors prepared using LIG exhibited exceptional flexibility and mechanical performance when the laser energy accumulation was optimized three times. They exhibited remarkable attributes, such as high sensitivity (~41.4), a low detection limit (0.05%), a rapid time response (response time of ~150 ms; relaxation time of ~100 ms), and excellent response stability even after 2000 s at a strain of 1.0% or 8.0%. These findings unequivocally show that flexible wearable sensors based on LIG have significant potential for capturing human motion posture, wrist pulse rates, and eye blinking patterns. Moreover, the sensors can capture various physiological signals for pilots to provide real-time capturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xing
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Yao Zou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Mian Zhong
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, CAAC, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Hongyun Fan
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xia Lei
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Juhang Yin
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Electronic and Information, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, CAAC, Deyang 618307, China
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24
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Li Z, Liu P, Chen S, Wang B, Liu S, Cui E, Li F, Yu Y, Pan W, Tang N, Gu Y. Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan based nanocomposite organohydrogel flexible wearable strain sensors for sports monitoring and underwater communication rescue. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129054. [PMID: 38159708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the use of hydrogel, a biomaterial known for its high toughness, environmental friendliness, and frost resistance, poses a considerable challenge. In this study, we propose a stepwise construction and multiple non-covalent interaction matching strategy to successfully prepare dynamically physically crosslinked multifunctional conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels self-assembled to form a rigid crosslinked network through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and metal ion coordination chelation. Furthermore, the freeze-thawing process promoted the formation of poly(vinyl alcohol) microcrystalline domains within the amorphous hydrogel network system, resulting in exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength (2.09 ± 0.01 MPa) and elongation at break of 562 ± 12 %. It can lift 10,000 times its own weight. Additionally, these hydrogels exhibit excellent resistance to swelling and maintain good toughness even at temperatures as low as -60 °C. As a wearable strain sensor with remarkable sensing ability (GF = 1.46), it can be effectively utilized in water and underwater environments. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). Leveraging its impressive sensing ability, we combine signal recognition with a deep learning model by incorporating Morse code for encryption and decryption, enabling information transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Bingzhen Wang
- College of Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Enyuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Feihong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yunwu Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yaxin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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25
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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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26
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Sun B, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhai Y, Gao C, Zhang Z. Fabrication of Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Sensors Using 355 nm Ultraviolet Laser and Their Application in Human-Computer Interaction System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6938. [PMID: 37959536 PMCID: PMC10648489 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) have played an important role in areas such as smart healthcare, smart skin, and wearable devices. This paper presents the fabrication of flexible sensors based on LIG technology and their applications in human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. Firstly, LIG with a sheet resistance as low as 4.5 Ω per square was generated through direct laser interaction with commercial polyimide (PI) film. The flexible sensors were then fabricated through a one-step method using the as-prepared LIG. The applications of the flexible sensors were demonstrated by an HCI system, which was fabricated through the integration of the flexible sensors and a flexible glove. The as-prepared HCI system could detect the bending motions of different fingers and translate them into the movements of the mouse on the computer screen. At the end of the paper, a demonstration of the HCI system is presented in which words were typed on a computer screen through the bending motion of the fingers. The newly designed LIG-based flexible HCI system can be used by persons with limited mobility to control a virtual keyboard or mouse pointer, thus enhancing their accessibility and independence in the digital realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Sun
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Qixun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - You Zhai
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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27
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Ji J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang G. Templated Laser-Induced-Graphene-Based Tactile Sensors Enable Wearable Health Monitoring and Texture Recognition via Deep Neural Network. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20153-20166. [PMID: 37801407 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors show great potential for portable healthcare and environmental monitoring applications. However, challenges persist in scaling up the manufacturing of stable tactile sensors with real-time feedback. This work demonstrates a robust approach to fabricating templated laser-induced graphene (TLIG)-based tactile sensors via laser scribing, elastomer hot-pressing transfer, and 3D printing of the Ag electrode. With different mesh sandpapers as templates, TLIG sensors with adjustable sensing properties were achieved. The tactile sensor obtains excellent sensitivity (52260.2 kPa-1 at a range of 0-7 kPa), a broad detection range (up to 1000 kPa), a low limit of detection (65 Pa), a rapid response (response/recovery time of 12/46 ms), and excellent working stability (10000 cycles). Benefiting from TLIG's high performance and waterproofness, TLIG sensors can be used as health monitors and even in underwater scenarios. TLIG sensors can also be integrated into arrays acting as receptors of the soft robotic gripper. Furthermore, a deep neural network based on the convolutional neural network was employed for texture recognition via a soft TLIG tactile sensing array, achieving an overall classification rate of 94.51% on objects with varying surface roughness, thus offering high accuracy in real-time practical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Qiushi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Gong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Deng B, Wang Z, Liu W, Hu B. Multifunctional Motion Sensing Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6363. [PMID: 37834499 PMCID: PMC10573838 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently attracted much attention. It was commonly generated by laser-ablating commercial polyimide (PI). However, the weak mechanical extensibility of PI limits the development and diversified applications of LIG-based sensors. In this work, we adopted medical polyurethane (PU) tapes to peel off the LIG generated on PI and developed flexible and wearable sensors based on the proposed LIG/PU composite structure. Compared with other methods for LIG transfer, PU tape has many advantages, including a simplified process and being less time-consuming. We characterized the LIG samples generated under different laser powers and analyzed the property differences introduced by the transfer operation. We then studied the impact of fabrication mode on the strain sensitivity of the LIG/PU and optimized the design of a LIG/PU-based strain sensor, which possessed a gauge factor (GF) of up to 263.6 in the strain range of 75-90%. In addition, we designed a capacitive pressure sensor for tactile sensing, which is composed of two LIG/PU composite structures and a PI space layer. These LIG flexible devices can be used for human motion monitoring and tactile perception in sports events. This work provides a simple, fast, and low-cost way for the preparation of multifunctional sensor systems with good performance, which has a broad application prospect in human motion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Hu
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (B.D.); (Z.W.); (W.L.)
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29
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Zou Y, Zhong M, Li S, Qing Z, Xing X, Gong G, Yan R, Qin W, Shen J, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Zhou C. Flexible Wearable Strain Sensors Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for Monitoring Human Physiological Signals. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3553. [PMID: 37688180 PMCID: PMC10490020 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible wearable strain sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) have attracted significant interest due to their simple preparation process, three-dimensional porous structure, excellent electromechanical characteristics, and remarkable mechanical robustness. In this study, we demonstrated that LIG with various defects could be prepared on the surface of polyimide (PI) film, patterned in a single step by adjusting the scanning speed while maintaining a constant laser power of 12.4 W, and subjected to two repeated scans under ambient air conditions. The results indicated that LIG produced at a scanning speed of 70 mm/s exhibited an obvious stacked honeycomb micropore structure, and the flexible strain sensor fabricated with this material demonstrated stable resistance. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity within a low strain range of 0.4-8.0%, with the gauge factor (GF) reaching 107.8. The sensor demonstrated excellent stability and repeatable response at a strain of 2% after approximately 1000 repetitions. The flexible wearable LIG-based sensor with a serpentine bending structure could be used to detect various physiological signals, including pulse, finger bending, back of the hand relaxation and gripping, blinking eyes, smiling, drinking water, and speaking. The results of this study may serve as a reference for future applications in health monitoring, medical rehabilitation, and human-computer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Mian Zhong
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Institute of Civil Aviation Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Detection Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zehao Qing
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Xing
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Guochong Gong
- College of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (G.G.); (R.Y.); (W.Q.)
| | - Ran Yan
- College of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (G.G.); (R.Y.); (W.Q.)
| | - Wenfeng Qin
- College of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (G.G.); (R.Y.); (W.Q.)
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Huazhong Zhang
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Institute of Civil Aviation Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Detection Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China
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30
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Meena JS, Choi SB, Jung SB, Kim JW. Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100565. [PMID: 36816602 PMCID: PMC9932217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyles and evolving work environments have created challenges for global health and cause huge burdens on healthcare and fitness systems. Physical immobility and functional losses due to aging are two main reasons for noncommunicable disease mortality. Smart electronic textiles (e-textiles) have attracted considerable attention because of their potential uses in health monitoring, rehabilitation, and training assessment applications. Interactive textiles integrated with electronic devices and algorithms can be used to gather, process, and digitize data on human body motion in real time for purposes such as electrotherapy, improving blood circulation, and promoting wound healing. This review summarizes research advances on e-textiles designed for wearable healthcare and fitness systems. The significance of e-textiles, key applications, and future demand expectations are addressed in this review. Various health conditions and fitness problems and possible solutions involving the use of multifunctional interactive garments are discussed. A brief discussion of essential materials and basic procedures used to fabricate wearable e-textiles are included. Finally, the current challenges, possible solutions, opportunities, and future perspectives in the area of smart textiles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Singh Meena
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Core Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Boo Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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