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Feng S, Guo J, Yang Q, Guan F, Yao Q, Wang Y, Quan F, Zeng S. Development of polyvinyl alcohol/carrageenan hydrogels and fibers via KOH treatment for Morse code information transmission. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130803. [PMID: 38484811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
To solve the inherent problems of conductive hydrogels, such as relatively low mechanical properties and fatigue resistance, inability to work after water loss, and difficulty weaving. In this study, the borax-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/k-carrageenan (kC) conducting hydrogels (BPKKOH) were prepared by a simple one-pot method, and KOH treatment was used instead of the cumbersome and time-consuming freeze-thaw cycle to improve the comprehensive properties. The KOH treatment increased the hydrogel hydrogen bonding content by 7.72 % and synergized with the induction of kC by K+ to enhance the tensile and compressive strengths by 8.12 and 34.6 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the BPKKOH hydrogel's fatigue resistance and shape recovery after water loss were improved. Additionally, the BPKKOH hydrogels can be monitored for finger bending, showing clear and stable differences in electrical signals. BPKKOH hydrogels combined with Morse code realize applications in information transmission and encryption/decryption. Notably, introducing KOH ensures the molding and preparation of BPKKOH hydrogel fibers while having good signal responsiveness and monitoring ability. More importantly, it can be woven into fabrics that can be loaded with heavy weights, which has the potential to be directly applied in smart wearables. This work provides new ideas for applying flexible sensors and wearable smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fucheng Guan
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qiang Yao
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yonghe Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fengyu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shijun Zeng
- Dalian Huayang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian 116047, China
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Wang X, Wang B, Liu W, Yu D, Song Z, Li G, Liu X, Wang H, Ge S. Using chitosan nanofibers to simultaneously improve the toughness and sensing performance of chitosan-based ionic conductive hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129272. [PMID: 38211925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, especially polysaccharide-based ionic conductive hydrogels, have received increasing interest in the field of wearable sensors due to their similarity to human skin. Nevertheless, it is still a challenging task to simultaneously prepare a self-healed and adhesive conductive hydrogel with good toughness, temperature tolerance and high sensing performance, especially with high sensitivity and a low detection limit. Herein, we developed a new strategy to improve the toughness and sensing performance of a multifunctional conductive hydrogel by simultaneously using dissolved chitosan (CS) and solid chitosan nanofibers (CSFs) to induce the formation of hierarchical polymeric networks in the hydrogel. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the hydrogel could be improved from 70.3 kPa and 1005 % to 173.9 kPa and 1477 %, respectively, simply by introducing CSFs to the hydrogel, and its self-healing, adhesive and antibacterial properties were effectively retained. When serving as a resistive sensing material, the introduction of CSFs increased the gauge factor of the hydrogel-based strain sensor from 8.25 to 14.27. Moreover, the hydrogel-based strain sensor showed an ultralow detection limit of 0.2 %, excellent durability and stability (1000 cycles) and could be used to detect various human activities. In addition, the hydrogel prepared by using a water-glycerol binary solvent system showed temperature-tolerant performance and possessed adequate sensitivity when serving as a resistive sensing material. Therefore, this work provides a new way to prepare multifunctional conductive hydrogels with good toughness, sensing performance and temperature tolerance to expand the application range of hydrogel-based strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaoping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China.
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Li Z, Liu P, Chen S, Wang B, Liu S, Cui E, Li F, Yu Y, Pan W, Tang N, Gu Y. Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan based nanocomposite organohydrogel flexible wearable strain sensors for sports monitoring and underwater communication rescue. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129054. [PMID: 38159708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the use of hydrogel, a biomaterial known for its high toughness, environmental friendliness, and frost resistance, poses a considerable challenge. In this study, we propose a stepwise construction and multiple non-covalent interaction matching strategy to successfully prepare dynamically physically crosslinked multifunctional conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels self-assembled to form a rigid crosslinked network through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and metal ion coordination chelation. Furthermore, the freeze-thawing process promoted the formation of poly(vinyl alcohol) microcrystalline domains within the amorphous hydrogel network system, resulting in exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength (2.09 ± 0.01 MPa) and elongation at break of 562 ± 12 %. It can lift 10,000 times its own weight. Additionally, these hydrogels exhibit excellent resistance to swelling and maintain good toughness even at temperatures as low as -60 °C. As a wearable strain sensor with remarkable sensing ability (GF = 1.46), it can be effectively utilized in water and underwater environments. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). Leveraging its impressive sensing ability, we combine signal recognition with a deep learning model by incorporating Morse code for encryption and decryption, enabling information transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Bingzhen Wang
- College of Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Enyuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Feihong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yunwu Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yaxin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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Hu X, Wang J, Song S, Gan W, Li W, Qi H, Zhang Y. Ionic conductive konjac glucomannan/liquid crystal cellulose composite hydrogels with dual sensing of photo- and electro-signals capacities as wearable strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129038. [PMID: 38154724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The ionic conductive hydrogel-based sensor exhibits wide applications in wearable electronic devices. However, the strength and ductility trade-off, multimodal requirements, and water-soluble polymer alternatives are significant challenges for the hydrogel-based sensor. Herein, a stretchable and conductive hydrogel is developed with a double network formed by incorporating polyacrylamide and ionic liquid into the konjac glucomannan network. The hydrogel displays significantly enhanced mechanical properties, and good tear/puncture resistance owing to the existence of covalent and non-covalent interactions. In addition, by the introduction of nematic liquid crystal hydroxypropyl cellulose, the hydrogel/cellulose-based strain sensor demonstrates excellent sensing performance in monitoring human motions and writing recognition ability with optical and electrical bimodal sensing response. This work provides new insights to further expand the options of hydrogel-based sensor matrix and to construct bimodal sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Green Fiber Technology, Jiangsu Guowang High-tech Fiber Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215221, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Green Fiber Technology, Jiangsu Guowang High-tech Fiber Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215221, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Weizhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Hechuang Qi
- School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Mayr HO, Rosenstiel N, Prakash KS, Comella LM, Woias P, Schmal H, Seidenstuecker M. Digital measurement of anterolateral knee laxity using strain sensors. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:6719-6729. [PMID: 37592159 PMCID: PMC10542724 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ambition of the research group was to develop a sensor-based system that allowed the transfer of results with strain sensors applied to the knee joint. This system was to be validated in comparison to the current static mechanical measurement system. For this purpose, the internal rotation laxity of the knee joint was measured, as it is relevant for anterolateral knee laxity and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHODS This is a noninvasive measurement method using strain sensors which are applied to the skin in the course of the anterolateral ligament. The subjects were placed in supine position. First the left and then the right leg were clinically examined sequentially and documented by means of an examination form. 11 subjects aged 21 to 45 years, 5 women and 6 men were examined. Internal rotation of the lower leg was performed with a torque of 2 Nm at a knee flexion angle of 30°. RESULTS Comparison of correlation between length change and internal knee rotation angle showed a strong positive correlation (r = 1, p < 0.01). Whereas females showed a significant higher laxity vs. males (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the capacitive strain sensors can be used for reproducible measurement of anterolateral knee laxity. In contrast to the previous static systems, a dynamic measurement will be possible by this method in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann O Mayr
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Rosenstiel
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karthika S Prakash
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura M Comella
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Woias
- Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidenstuecker
- G.E.R.N. Center of Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Alipour S, Pourjavadi A, Hosseini SH. Magnetite embedded κ-carrageenan-based double network nanocomposite hydrogel with two-way shape memory properties for flexible electronics and magnetic actuators. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120610. [PMID: 36925232 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels attract increasing attention as flexible strain sensors due to their shape recovery property that can improve the lifetime of the sensor. Herein, we have designed a magnetic shape memory hydrogel based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, carrageenan, and poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) with self-adhesive and conductive properties. The resulting double network hydrogel showed promising actuator and strain sensor applications. Electrical conductivity was observed in this hydrogel without using additional ions. The presence of magnetite nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and temporary shape fixity ratio to around 6.5 MPa and 94.3 %, respectively. The excellent cantilever and catheter-like behavior of the hydrogels were illustrated through magnetic routing by an external magnet. Also, these hydrogels demonstrated suitable performance in the 500 cycles strain sensing tests before and after their initial shape recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Alipour
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hassan Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran
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Oh B, Lim YS, Ko KW, Seo H, Kim DJ, Kong D, You JM, Kim H, Kim TS, Park S, Kwon DS, Na JC, Han WK, Park SM, Park S. Ultra-soft and highly stretchable tissue-adhesive hydrogel based multifunctional implantable sensor for monitoring of overactive bladder. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115060. [PMID: 36701947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly stretchable and tissue-adhesive multifunctional sensor based on structurally engineered islets embedded in ultra-soft hydrogel is reported for monitoring of bladder activity in overactive bladder (OAB) induced rat and anesthetized pig. The use of hydrogel yielded a much lower sensor modulus (1 kPa) compared to that of the bladder (300 kPa), while the strong adhesiveness of the hydrogel (adhesive strength: 260.86 N/m) allowed firm attachment onto the bladder. The change in resistance of printed liquid metal particle thin-film lines under strain were used to detect bladder inflation and deflation; due to the high stretchability and reliability of the lines, surface strains of 200% could be measured repeatedly. Au electrodes coated with Platinum black were used to detect electromyography (EMG). These electrodes were placed on structurally engineered rigid islets so that no interfacial fracture occurs under high strains associated with bladder expansion. On the OAB induced rat, stronger signals (change in resistance and EMG root-mean-square) were detected near intra-bladder pressure maxima, thus showing correlation to bladder activity. Moreover, using robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the sensor was placed onto the bladder of an anesthetized pig. Under voiding and filling, bladder strain and EMG were once again monitored. These results confirm that our proposed sensor is a highly feasible, clinically relevant implantable device for continuous monitoring OAB for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeob Seo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukyoo Kong
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min You
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoul Kim
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chae Na
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Center of Uro-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Deng H, Chen Q, Xie F, Zhao C, Pan J, Cheng Q, Zhang C. Castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane/tunicate cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites for wearable strain sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120313. [PMID: 36604095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) were introduced into castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to prepare bio-based nanocomposites through a simple solution blending method. The effect of TCNCs content on the particle size and stability of the composite dispersions, as well as the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the composite films were studied and discussed. The unique structure and properties of TCNCs, such as high crystallinity, large aspect ratio and high modulus, not only greatly improved the storage stability of WPU, but also showed significant reinforcing/toughening effects and excellent compatibility to WPU. By drip-coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) on the surface of the composite films, the flexible strain sensors were fabricated, which showed excellent sensitivity in monitoring human movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghui Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caimei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiaoyun Cheng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Sugarcane Industry, Engineering Technology of Light Industry, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Xie Y, Gao S, Jian J, Shi X, Lai C, Wang C, Xu F, Chu F, Zhang D. Skin-mimicking strategy to fabricate strong and highly conductive anti-freezing cellulose-based hydrogels as strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:462-471. [PMID: 36521712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted increasing attention for applications in wearable and flexible strain sensors. However, owing to their relatively weak strength, poor elasticity, and lack of anti-freezing ability, their applications have been limited. Herein, we present a skin-mimicking strategy to fabricate cellulose-enhanced, strong, elastic, highly conductive, and anti-freezing hydrogels. Self-assembly of cellulose to fabricate a cellulose skeleton is essential for realizing a skin-mimicking design. Furthermore, two methods, in situ polymerization and solvent replacement, were compared and investigated to incorporate conductive and anti-freezing components into hydrogels. Consequently, when the same ratio of glycerol and lithium chloride was used, the anti-freezing hydrogels prepared by in situ polymerization showed relatively higher strength (1.0 MPa), while the solvent-replaced hydrogels exhibited higher elastic recovery properties (94.6 %) and conductivity (4.5 S/m). In addition, their potential as strain sensors for monitoring human behavior was analyzed. Both hydrogels produced reliable signals and exhibited high sensitivity. This study provides a new horizon for the fabrication of strain sensors that can be applied in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shishuai Gao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyu Jian
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material; Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Khan M, Shah LA, Rahman TU, Yoo HM, Ye D, Vacharasin J. Cellulose nanocrystals boosted hydrophobic association in dual network polymer hydrogels as advanced flexible strain sensor for human motion detection. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105610. [PMID: 36509014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels attract the attention of researchers worldwide, especially in the field of flexible sensors like strain and pressure. These flexible materials have potential applications in the field of electronic skin, soft robotics, energy storage, and human motion detection. However, its practical application is limited due to low stretchability, high hysteresis energy, low conductivity, long-range strain sensitivity, and high response time. It's still a challenging job to endow all these properties in a single hydrogel network. In the present work, cellulose nano crystals (CNCs) reinforced hydrophobically associated gels were developed using APS as a source of radical polymerization, acrylamide and lauryl methacrylate were used as a monomer. CNCs reinforced the hydrophobically associated hydrogels through hydrogen bonding to retain the hydrogel's network structure. Hydrogels consist of dual crosslinking, which demonstrate exceptional mechanical performance (fracture stress and strain, toughness, and Young's modulus). The low hysteresis energy (10.9 kJm-3) and high conductivity (22.97 mS/cm) make the hydrogels a strong candidate for strain sensors with high sensitivity (GF = 19.25 at 700% strain) and a fast response time of 200 ms. Cyclic performance was also investigated up to 300 continuous cycles. After 300 cycles, the hydrogels were still stable and no considerable change was observed. These hydrogels are capable of sensing different human motions like wrist, finger bending, and neck (up-down and straight and right/left motion of neck). The hydrogels also demonstrate changes in current in response to swallowing, different speaking words, and writing different alphabets. These results suggest that our prepared materials can sense different small and large human motions, and also could be used in any electronic device where strain sensing is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khan
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Tanzil Ur Rahman
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hyeong-Min Yoo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH), Cheonan, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Daixin Ye
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Janay Vacharasin
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, 29506, United States
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11
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Karimzadeh Z, Mahmoudpour M, Rahimpour E, Jouyban A. Nanomaterial based PVA nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical sensing: Advances toward designing the ideal flexible/wearable nanoprobes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102705. [PMID: 35640315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In today's world, the progress of wearable tools has gained increasing momentum. Notably, the demand for stretchable strain sensors has considerably increased owing to various potential and emerging applications like human motion monitoring, soft robotics, prosthetics, and electronic skin. Hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, and stretchability that render them ideal candidates for flexible/wearable substrates. Among them, enormous efforts were focused on the progress of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels to realize multifunctional wearable sensing through using additives/nanofillers/functional groups to modify the hydrogel network. Herein, this review offers an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the research progress of PVA hydrogel-based wearable sensors in view of their properties, strain sensory efficiency, and potential applications, followed by specifically highlighting their probes using metallic/non-metallic, liquid metal (LM), 2D materials, bio-nanomaterials, and polymer nanofillers. Indeed, flexible electrodes and strain/pressure sensing performance of designed PVA hydrogels for their effective sensing are described. The representative cases are carefully selected and discussed regarding the construction, merits and demerits, respectively. Finally, the necessity and requirements for future advances of conductive and stretchable hydrogels engaged in the wearable strain sensors are also presented, followed by opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mansour Mahmoudpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO BOX: 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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12
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Guo WY, Yuan Q, Huang LZ, Zhang W, Li DD, Yao C, Ma MG. Multifunctional bacterial cellulose-based organohydrogels with long-term environmental stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:820-829. [PMID: 34785459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive strain sensors have attracted more attention due to their applications in health monitoring and human-computer interaction. However, the problems existing in conventional hydrogels, such as inherent brittleness, freezing at low temperature, low toughness, and water evaporation, have greatly hindered the practical applications. In order to solve the above problems, herein, we designed dual network multifunctionality organohydrogels using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) covalent cross-linking polymer as the first network, the bacterial celluloses (BCs) and calcium chloride by ligand binding as the second network. The prepared organohydrogels showed good conductivity and sensitivity over a wide temperature range (-20 ∼ 40 ℃), and maintained long-term stability (>15 days) in the air. In addition, the dynamic combination of BCs-Ca2 + and hydrogen bonds in the binary system further endows the organohydrogels with excellent tensile strength (≈1.0 MPa), tensile strain (≈1300%), toughness (≈6.2 MJ m-3), conductivity (3.4 S m-1), gauge factor (≈1.24), adhesion (≈0.3 MPa), and self-healing properties (self-healing tensile strain to 632%). Therefore, this organohydrogel has potential candidates for flexible electronic skin, motion monitoring, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ling-Zhi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chunli Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Ming-Guo Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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13
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Lin X, Li F, Bing Y, Fei T, Liu S, Zhao H, Zhang T. Biocompatible Multifunctional E-Skins with Excellent Self-Healing Ability Enabled by Clean and Scalable Fabrication. Nanomicro Lett 2021; 13:200. [PMID: 34550499 PMCID: PMC8458512 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) with an excellent sensing performance have been widely developed over the last few decades. However, wearability, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness and scalability have become new limitations. Self-healing ability can improve the long-term robustness and reliability of e-skins. However, self-healing ability and integration are hardly balanced in classical structures of self-healable devices. Here, cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CNF/PVA), a biocompatible moisture-inspired self-healable composite, was applied both as the binder in functional layers and the substrate. Various functional layers comprising particular carbon materials and CNF/PVA were patterned on the substrate. A planar structure was beneficial for integration, and the active self-healing ability of the functional layers endowed self-healed e-skins with a higher toughness. Water served as both the only solvent throughout the fabrication process and the trigger of the self-healing process, which avoids the pollution and bioincompatibility caused by the application of noxious additives. Our e-skins could achieve real-time monitoring of whole-body physiological signals and environmental temperature and humidity. Cross-interference between different external stimuli was suppressed through reasonable material selection and structural design. Combined with conventional electronics, data could be transmitted to a nearby smartphone for post-processing. This work provides a previously unexplored strategy for multifunctional e-skins with an excellent practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liu H, Zhang S, Li Z, Lu TJ, Lin H, Zhu Y, Ahadian S, Emaminejad S, Dokmeci MR, Xu F, Khademhosseini A. Harnessing the Wide-range Strain Sensitivity of Bilayered PEDOT:PSS Films for Wearable Health Monitoring. Matter 2021; 4:2886-2901. [PMID: 34746749 PMCID: PMC8570613 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of human skin provides essential information about human motions, muscle stretching, vocal fold vibration, and heart rates. Monitoring these activities requires the measurement of strains at different levels. Herein, we report a wearable wide-range strain sensor based on conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). A bioinspired bilayer structure was constructed to enable a wide-range strain sensing (1%~100%). Besides, hydrogel was chosen as the biological- and mechanical-compatible interface layer with the human skin. Finally, we demonstrated that the strain sensor is capable of monitoring various strain-related activities, including subtle skin deformation (pulse and phonation), mid-level body stretch (swallowing and facial expressions), and substantial joint movement (elbow bending).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Zhikang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024
- Lead contact
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15
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Cheng HW, Yan S, Shang G, Wang S, Zhong CJ. Strain sensors fabricated by surface assembly of nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113268. [PMID: 33971524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing interparticle spatial properties of surface assembly of nanoparticles (SAN) on flexible substrates is a rapidly emerging front of research in the design and fabrication of highly-sensitive strain sensors. It has recently shown promising potentials for applications in wearable sensors and skin electronics. SANs feature 3D structural tunability of the interparticle spatial properties at both molecular and nanoscale levels, which is transformative for the design of intriguing strain sensors. This review will present a comprehensive overview of the recent research development in exploring SAN-structured strain sensors for wearable applications. It starts from the basic principle governing the strain sensing characteristics of SANs on flexible substrates in terms of thermally-activated interparticle electron tunneling and conductive percolation. This discussion is followed by descriptions of the fabrication of the sensors and the proof-of-concept demonstrations of the strain sensing characteristics. The nanoparticles in the SANs are controllable in terms of size, shape, and composition, whereas the interparticle molecules enable the tunability of the electrical properties in terms of interparticle spatial properties. The design of SAN-derived strain sensors is further highlighted by describing several recent examples in the explorations of their applications in wearable biosensor and bioelectronics. Fundamental understanding of the role of interparticle spatial properties within SANs at both molecular and device levels is the focal point. The future direction of the SAN-derived wearable sensors will also be discussed, shining lights on a potential paradigm shift in materials design in exploring the emerging opportunities in wearable sensors and skin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guojun Shang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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16
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Abstract
In recent times, wearable sensors have attracted significant attention in various research fields and industries. The rapid growth of the wearable sensor related research and industry has led to the development of new devices and advanced applications such as bio-integrated devices, wearable health care systems, soft robotics, and electronic skins, among others. Nanocrystals (NCs) are promising building blocks for the design of novel wearable sensors, due to their solution processability and tunable properties. In this paper, an overview of NC synthesis, NC thin film fabrication, and the functionalization of NCs for wearable applications (strain sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors) are provided. The recent development of NC-based strain, pressure, and temperature sensors is reviewed, and a discussion on their strategies and operating principles is presented. Finally, the current limitations of NC-based wearable sensors are discussed, in addition to methods to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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17
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Tran Hoang P, Salazar N, Porkka TN, Joshi K, Liu T, Dickens TJ, Yu Z. Engineering Crack Formation in Carbon Nanotube-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Films for Sensitive and Durable Piezoresistive Sensors. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:422. [PMID: 27659951 PMCID: PMC5033798 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report highly sensitive and reliable strain sensors based on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite thin films. The CNT/AgNP was prepared by a screen printing process using a mixture of a CNT paste and an AgNP ink. It is discovered that the sensitivity of such sensors are highly dependent on the crack formation in the composites. By altering the substrate use and the relative ratios of AgNPs and CNTs, the formation and propagation of cracks can be properly engineered, leading to piezoresistive strain sensors with enhanced sensitivity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Tran Hoang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Nicolas Salazar
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Thomas Nolan Porkka
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Kunal Joshi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Tarik J. Dickens
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
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18
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Zheng J, Yan X, Li MM, Yu GF, Zhang HD, Pisula W, He XX, Duvail JL, Long YZ. Electrospun Aligned Fibrous Arrays and Twisted Ropes: Fabrication, Mechanical and Electrical Properties, and Application in Strain Sensors. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10:475. [PMID: 26646688 PMCID: PMC4673080 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning (e-spinning) is a versatile technique to fabricate ultrathin fibers from a rich variety of functional materials. In this paper, a modified e-spinning setup with two-frame collector is proposed for the fabrication of highly aligned arrays of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers, as well as PVDF/carbon nanotube (PVDF/CNT) composite fibers. Especially, it is capable of producing fibrous arrays with excellent orientation over a large area (more than 14 cm × 12 cm). The as-spun fibers are suspended and can be easily transferred to other rigid or flexible substrates. Based on the aligned fibrous arrays, twisted long ropes are also prepared. Compared with the aligned arrays, twisted PVDF/CNT fiber ropes show enhanced mechanical and electrical properties and have potential application in microscale strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gui-Feng Yu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Hong-Di Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xiao-Xiao He
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jean-Luc Duvail
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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19
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Hasenkamp W, Villard J, Delaloye JR, Arami A, Bertsch A, Jolles BM, Aminian K, Renaud P. Smart instrumentation for determination of ligament stiffness and ligament balance in total knee arthroplasty. Med Eng Phys 2014; 36:721-5. [PMID: 24405737 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligament balance is an important and subjective task performed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedure. For this reason, it is desirable to develop instruments to quantitatively assess the soft-tissue balance since excessive imbalance can accelerate prosthesis wear and lead to early surgical revision. The instrumented distractor proposed in this study can assist surgeons on performing ligament balance by measuring the distraction gap and applied load. Also the device allows the determination of the ligament stiffness which can contribute a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanical behavior of the knee joint. Instrumentation of the device involved the use of hall-sensors for measuring the distractor displacement and strain gauges to transduce the force. The sensors were calibrated and tested to demonstrate their suitability for surgical use. Results show the distraction gap can be measured reliably with 0.1mm accuracy and the distractive loads could be assessed with an accuracy in the range of 4N. These characteristics are consistent with those have been proposed, in this work, for a device that could assist on performing ligament balance while permitting surgeons evaluation based on his experience. Preliminary results from in vitro tests were in accordance with expected stiffness values for medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hasenkamp
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Microsystems Laboratory - LMIS4, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - J Villard
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J R Delaloye
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Arami
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurements - LMAM, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bertsch
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Microsystems Laboratory - LMIS4, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B M Jolles
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Aminian
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurements - LMAM, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Renaud
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Microsystems Laboratory - LMIS4, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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