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Elleuch S, Jrad H, Wali M, Dammak F. Agglomeration effect on biomechanical performance of CNT-reinforced dental implant using micromechanics-based approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 145:106023. [PMID: 37494815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental implants have long played an important role in restoring lost teeth, but there are still concerns about their durability and long-term success. Commercial dental implants have traditionally been made of metallic and ceramic materials like titanium and zirconia; however, each kind of material has restrictions regarding osseointegration and mechanical characteristics that differ between native bone and the implant material, limiting the implant's longevity and reliability. To address these concerns, this research explores the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in restorative dentistry, their excellent properties make them an ideal candidate for promoting bone growth around implanted device and ensuring long-lasting success. The objective of this study was to understand how CNT properties when incorporated into the titanium matrix may be able to better adapt to the oral environment taking into consideration the CNT agglomeration effects when designing reinforced nanocomposite materials for dental implant. A mathematical formulation of the micromechanics model was developed and improved to extend its application for the case of CNT-based composite materials for dental implants. A three dimensional (3D) model of bone structure around the osseointegrated dental implant was established considering different compositions of implant material. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were conducted to assess the aggregation effect of implant incorporating CNTs into the titanium matrix, considering CNTs with both spherical inclusions (CNT clusters), and randomly dispersive ones (CNTs) in the titanium matrix, on osseointegration and bone remodeling around the dental implant and supporting bone system over a period of 48 months. Firstly, the effects of CNT-Ti implantation on time-dependent performance are evaluated in a computational remodeling framework. Then, Von Mises equivalent stresses are investigated to evaluate the stress distributions and micromotions in jaw bones of loaded implant with different composition of prosthetic material. Three agglomeration patterns are considered, particularly without agglomeration (ζ = ξ), partial and complete agglomeration (ζ < ξ, ξ = 1). Further, the influence of CNTs volume fraction variation is taken into account to predict the mechanical response of the bony system after CNT-reinforced dental implantation. It can be inferred that the agglomeration of CNTs reduces the elastic stiffness of the matrix. This is due to the fact that when CNTs are agglomerated, the inter-tube contacts are reduced and the effective stiffness of the matrix is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Elleuch
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment (LEE), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, ENIS, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Jrad
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment (LEE), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, ENIS, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; École Supérieure des Sciences et de la Technologie de Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Rue Lamine Abassi, 4011 Hammam Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Mondher Wali
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment (LEE), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, ENIS, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; École Supérieure des Sciences et de la Technologie de Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Rue Lamine Abassi, 4011 Hammam Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fakhreddine Dammak
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment (LEE), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, ENIS, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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2
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Jiao X, Shi C, Zhao Y, Xu L, Liu S, Hou PX, Liu C, Cheng HM. Efficient Fabrication of High-Quality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Macroscopic Conductive Fibers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20263-20271. [PMID: 36475640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-purity and well-graphitized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent physiochemical properties are ideal building blocks for the assembly of various CNT macrostructures for a wide range of applications. We report the preparation of high-quality SWCNTs on a large scale using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion rate of the carbon source to SWCNTs reached 28.8%, and 20.4% of the metal nanoparticles were active for SWCNT growth, which are 15% and ∼400 times higher than those previously reported for FCCVD synthesis, respectively. As a result, the prepared SWCNTs have a very low residual catalyst content of ∼1.9 wt % and a high rapid oxidation temperature of 717 °C. Using these high-quality SWCNTs, we spun macroscopic SWCNT fibers by a wet-spinning process. The resulting fibers had a high electrical conductivity of 6.67 MS/m, which is 32% higher than the best value previously reported for SWCNT fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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3
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Miralaei C, Le Floch S, Debord R, Nguyen HV, Da Silva JC, San-Miguel A, Le Poche H, Pailhès S, Pischedda V. Effect of extreme mechanical densification on the electrical properties of carbon nanotube micro-yarns. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:275708. [PMID: 35319494 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have explored the effect of high pressure post-treatment in optimizing the properties of carbon nanotube yarns and found that the application of dry hydrostatic pressure reduces porosity and enhances electrical properties. The CNT yarns were prepared by the dry-spinning method directly from CNT arrays made by the hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HF-CVD) process. Mechanical hydrostatic pressure up to 360 MPa induces a decrease in yarn resistivity between 3% and 35%, associated with the sample's permanent densification, with CNT yarn diameter reduction of 10%-25%. However, when increasing the pressure in the 1-3 GPa domain in non-hydrostatic conditions, the recovered samples show lower electrical conductivity. This might be due to concomitant macroscopic effects such as increased twists and damage to the yarn shown by SEM imaging (caused by strong shear stresses and friction) or by the collapse of the CNTs indicated byin situhigh pressure Raman spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Miralaei
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Le Floch
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Regis Debord
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Hung V Nguyen
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Julio C Da Silva
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alfonso San-Miguel
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Hélène Le Poche
- Commissariat á l'Energie Atomique, CEA LITEN, DTNM, LCRE, 17 rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Stephane Pailhès
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Vittoria Pischedda
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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4
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Bulmer JS, Kaniyoor A, Elliott JA. A Meta-Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008432. [PMID: 34278614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A study of 1304 data points collated over 266 papers statistically evaluates the relationships between carbon nanotube (CNT) material characteristics, including: electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties; ampacity; density; purity; microstructure alignment; molecular dimensions and graphitic perfection; and doping. Compared to conductive polymers and graphitic intercalation compounds, which have exceeded the electrical conductivity of copper, CNT materials are currently one-sixth of copper's conductivity, mechanically on-par with synthetic or carbon fibers, and exceed all the other materials in terms of a multifunctional metric. Doped, aligned few-wall CNTs (FWCNTs) are the most superior CNT category; from this, the acid-spun fiber subset are the most conductive, and the subset of fibers directly spun from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition are strongest on a weight basis. The thermal conductivity of multiwall CNT material rivals that of FWCNT materials. Ampacity follows a diameter-dependent power-law from nanometer to millimeter scales. Undoped, aligned FWCNT material reaches the intrinsic conductivity of CNT bundles and single-crystal graphite, illustrating an intrinsic limit requiring doping for copper-level conductivities. Comparing an assembly of CNTs (forming mesoscopic bundles, then macroscopic material) to an assembly of graphene (forming single-crystal graphite crystallites, then carbon fiber), the ≈1 µm room-temperature, phonon-limited mean-free-path shared between graphene, metallic CNTs, and activated semiconducting CNTs is highlighted, deemphasizing all metallic helicities for CNT power transmission applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bulmer
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Adarsh Kaniyoor
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - James A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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5
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Aouraghe MA, Li Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Xu F. Structural modification of carbon nanotube film toward multifunctional composites via a wet-compression method. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Xin W, Severino J, Venkert A, Yu H, Knorr D, Yang JM, Carlson L, Hicks R, De Rosa I. Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Composite Yarns from Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(dicyclopentadiene). NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040717. [PMID: 32290088 PMCID: PMC7221842 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report, networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are transformed into composite yarns by infusion, mechanical consolidation and polymerization of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). The microstructures of the CNT yarn and its composite are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and a focused ion beam used for cross-sectioning. Pristine yarns have tensile strength, modulus and elongation at failure of 0.8 GPa, 14 GPa and 14.0%, respectively. In the composite yarn, these values are significantly enhanced to 1.2 GPa, 68 GPa and 3.4%, respectively. Owing to the consolidation and alignment improvement, its electrical conductivity was increased from 1.0 × 105 S/m (raw yarn) to 5.0 × 105 S/m and 5.3 × 105 S/m for twisted yarn and composite yarn, respectively. The strengthening mechanism is attributed to the binding of the DCPD polymer, which acts as a capstan and increases frictional forces within the nanotube bundles, making it more difficult to pull them apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xin
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (I.D.R.)
| | - Joseph Severino
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Arie Venkert
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev (NRCN), 84190 Beer Sheva, Israel;
| | - Hang Yu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Daniel Knorr
- Combat Capabilities and Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, 6300 Rodman Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA;
| | - Jenn-Ming Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Larry Carlson
- Institute for Technology Advancement, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Robert Hicks
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Igor De Rosa
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (I.D.R.)
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7
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Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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8
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Lepak-Kuc S, Boncel S, Szybowicz M, Nowicka AB, Jozwik I, Orlinski K, Gizewski T, Koziol K, Jakubowska M, Lekawa-Raus A. The operational window of carbon nanotube electrical wires treated with strong acids and oxidants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14332. [PMID: 30254234 PMCID: PMC6156409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional metal wires suffer from a significant degradation or complete failure in their electrical performance, when subjected to harsh oxidizing environments, however wires constructed from Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been found to actually improve in their electrical performance when subjected to these environments. These opposing reactions may provide new and interesting applications for CNT wires. Yet, before attempting to move to any real-world harsh environment applications, for the CNT wires, it is essential that this area of their operation be thoroughly examined. To investigate this, CNT wires were treated with multiple combinations of the strongest acids and halogens. The wires were then subjected to conductivity measurements, current carrying capacity tests, as well as Raman, microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis to enable the identification of both the limits of oxidative conductivity boosting and the onset of physical damage to the wires. These experiments have led to two main conclusions. Firstly, that CNT wires may operate effectively in harsh oxidizing environments where metal wires would easily fail and secondly, that the highest conductivity increase of the CNT wires can be achieved through a process of annealing, acetone and HCl purification followed by either H2O2 and HClO4 or Br2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lepak-Kuc
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - M Szybowicz
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - A B Nowicka
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - I Jozwik
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Orlinski
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Gizewski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Koziol
- Enhanced Composites & Structures Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - M Jakubowska
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Lekawa-Raus
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Headrick RJ, Tsentalovich DE, Berdegué J, Bengio EA, Liberman L, Kleinerman O, Lucas MS, Talmon Y, Pasquali M. Structure-Property Relations in Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Downscaling Solution Processing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704482. [PMID: 29322634 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
At the microscopic scale, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combine impressive tensile strength and electrical conductivity; however, their macroscopic counterparts have not met expectations. The reasons are variously attributed to inherent CNT sample properties (diameter and helicity polydispersity, high defect density, insufficient length) and manufacturing shortcomings (inadequate ordering and packing), which can lead to poor transmission of stress and current. To efficiently investigate the disparity between microscopic and macroscopic properties, a new method is introduced for processing microgram quantities of CNTs into highly oriented and well-packed fibers. CNTs are dissolved into chlorosulfonic acid and processed into aligned films; each film can be peeled and twisted into multiple discrete fibers. Fibers fabricated by this method and solution-spinning are directly compared to determine the impact of alignment, twist, packing density, and length. Surprisingly, these discrete fibers can be twice as strong as their solution-spun counterparts despite a lower degree of alignment. Strength appears to be more sensitive to internal twist and packing density, while fiber conductivity is essentially equivalent among the two sets of samples. Importantly, this rapid fiber manufacturing method uses three orders of magnitude less material than solution spinning, expanding the experimental parameter space and enabling the exploration of unique CNT sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Headrick
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Dmitri E Tsentalovich
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Julián Berdegué
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Elie Amram Bengio
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Olga Kleinerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Matthew S Lucas
- Universal Technology Corporation, 1270 North Fairfield Road, Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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10
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Mirri F, Ashkar R, Jamali V, Liberman L, Pinnick RA, van der Schoot P, Talmon Y, Butler PD, Pasquali M. Quantification of Carbon Nanotube Liquid Crystal Morphology via Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2018; 51:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01017. [PMID: 38855633 PMCID: PMC11160348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid phase assembly is among the most industrially attractive routes for scalable carbon nanotube (CNT) processing. Chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) is known to be an ideal solvent for CNTs, spontaneously dissolving them without compromising their properties. At typical processing concentrations, CNTs form liquid crystals in CSA; however, the morphology of these phases and their concentration dependence are only qualitatively understood. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), combined with polarized light microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to study solution morphology over a range of concentrations and two different CNT lengths. Our results show that at the highest concentration studied the long CNTs form a highly ordered fully nematic phase, while short CNTs remain in a biphasic regime. Upon dilution, long CNTs undergo a 2D lattice expansion, whereas short CNTs seem to have an intermediate expansion between 2D and 3D probably due to the biphasic nature of the system. The average spacing between the CNTs scaled by the CNT diameter is the same in both systems, as expected for infinitely long aligned rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mirri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rana Ashkar
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Vida Jamali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Robert A. Pinnick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Group, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Paul D. Butler
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Zhang KS, Pham D, Lawal O, Ghosh S, Gangoli VS, Smalley P, Kennedy K, Brinson BE, Billups WE, Hauge RH, Adams WW, Barronβ AR. Overcoming Catalyst Residue Inhibition of the Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via the Billups-Birch Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37972-37980. [PMID: 29058877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Billups-Birch Reduction chemistry has been shown to functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) without damaging the sidewalls, but has challenges in scalability. Currently published work uses a large mole ratio of Li to carbon atoms in the SWCNT (Li:C) to account for lithium amide formation, however this increases the cost and hazard of the reaction. We report here the systematic understanding of the effect of various parameters on the extent of functionalization using resonant Raman spectroscopy. Addition of 1-iodododecane yielded alkyl-functionalized SWCNTs, which were isolated by solvent extraction and evaporation, and purified by a hydrocarbon wash. The presence of SWCNT growth catalyst residue (Fe) was shown to have a strong adverse effect on SWCNT functionalization. Chlorination-based SWCNT purification reduced the amount of residual Fe, and achieve a maximum ID/IG ratio using a Li:C ratio of 6:1 in a reaction time of 30 min. This result is consistent with published literature requiring 20-fold mole equivalents of Li per mole SWCNT with a reaction time of over 12 h. This new understanding of the factors influencing the functionalization chemistry will help cut down material and process costs, and also increase the selectivity of the reaction toward the desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Zhang
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David Pham
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Olawale Lawal
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Saunab Ghosh
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Varun Shenoy Gangoli
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Preston Smalley
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Katherine Kennedy
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bruce E Brinson
- Smalley-Curl nanoCarbon Center, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - W Edward Billups
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert H Hauge
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Andrew R Barronβ
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), Swansea University Bay Campus , Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
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12
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Tsentalovich DE, Headrick RJ, Mirri F, Hao J, Behabtu N, Young CC, Pasquali M. Influence of Carbon Nanotube Characteristics on Macroscopic Fiber Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36189-36198. [PMID: 28937741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study how intrinsic parameters of carbon nanotube (CNT) samples affect the properties of macroscopic CNT fibers with optimized structure. We measure CNT diameter, number of walls, aspect ratio, graphitic character, and purity (residual catalyst and non-CNT carbon) in samples from 19 suppliers; we process the highest quality CNT samples into aligned, densely packed fibers, by using an established wet-spinning solution process. We find that fiber properties are mainly controlled by CNT aspect ratio and that sample purity is important for effective spinning. Properties appear largely unaffected by CNT diameter, number of walls, and graphitic character (determined by Raman G/D ratio) as long as the fibers comprise thin few-walled CNTs with high G/D ratio (above ∼20). We show that both strength and conductivity can be improved simultaneously by assembling high aspect ratio CNTs, producing continuous CNT fibers with an average tensile strength of 2.4 GPa and a room temperature electrical conductivity of 8.5 MS/m, ∼2 times higher than the highest reported literature value (∼15% of copper's value), obtained without postspinning doping. This understanding of the relationship of intrinsic CNT parameters to macroscopic fiber properties is key to guiding CNT synthesis and continued improvement of fiber properties, paving the way for CNT fiber introduction in large-scale aerospace, consumer electronics, and textile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri E Tsentalovich
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert J Headrick
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Junli Hao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Natnael Behabtu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Colin C Young
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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13
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Bulmer JS, Gspann TS, Orozco F, Sparkes M, Koerner H, Di Bernardo A, Niemiec A, Robinson JWA, Koziol KK, Elliott JA, O'Neill W. Photonic Sorting of Aligned, Crystalline Carbon Nanotube Textiles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12977. [PMID: 29021547 PMCID: PMC5636898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition uniquely generates aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) textiles with individual CNT lengths magnitudes longer than competing processes, though hindered by impurities and intrinsic/extrinsic defects. We present a photonic-based post-process, particularly suited for these textiles, that selectively removes defective CNTs and other carbons not forming a threshold thermal pathway. In this method, a large diameter laser beam rasters across the surface of a partly aligned CNT textile in air, suspended from its ends. This results in brilliant, localized oxidation, where remaining material is an optically transparent film comprised of few-walled CNTs with profound and unique improvement in microstructure alignment and crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy shows substantial D peak suppression while preserving radial breathing modes. This increases the undoped, specific electrical conductivity at least an order of magnitude to beyond that of single-crystal graphite. Cryogenic conductivity measurements indicate intrinsic transport enhancement, opposed to simply removing nonconductive carbons/residual catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bulmer
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Thurid S Gspann
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francisco Orozco
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Sparkes
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - A Di Bernardo
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arkadiusz Niemiec
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzysztof K Koziol
- Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing,Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - James A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William O'Neill
- Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Lee J, Lee DM, Kim YK, Jeong HS, Kim SM. Significantly Increased Solubility of Carbon Nanotubes in Superacid by Oxidation and Their Assembly into High-Performance Fibers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701131. [PMID: 28786553 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that small amount of oxygen incorporated into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the purification process greatly increases their solubility in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). Using as-purchased and unpurified CNT powders, the optimal purification process is established to significantly increase the solubility of CNTs in CSA, and spin CNT fibers with high mechanical strength (0.84 N tex-1 ) and electrical conductivity (1.4 MS m-1 ) from the CNT liquid crystal dope with high concentration of CNTs in CSA. The knowledge obtained here may guide development of a way to dissolve extremely long CNTs at high concentration and thereby to enable production of CNT fibers with ultimate properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegeun Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Su Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
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15
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Bulmer JS, Lekawa-Raus A, Rickel DG, Balakirev FF, Koziol KK. Extreme Magneto-transport of Bulk Carbon Nanotubes in Sorted Electronic Concentrations and Aligned High Performance Fiber. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12193. [PMID: 28939817 PMCID: PMC5610196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored high-field (60 T) magneto-resistance (MR) with two carbon nanotube (CNT) material classes: (1) unaligned single-wall CNTs (SWCNT) films with controlled metallic SWCNT concentrations and doping degree and (2) CNT fiber with aligned, long-length microstructure. All unaligned SWCNT films showed localized hopping transport where high-field MR saturation definitively supports spin polarization instead of a more prevalent wave function shrinking mechanism. Nitric acid exposure induced an insulator to metal transition and reduced the positive MR component. Aligned CNT fiber, already on the metal side of the insulator to metal transition, had positive MR without saturation and was assigned to classical MR involving electronic mobility. Subtracting high-field fits from the aligned fiber’s MR yielded an unconfounded negative MR, which was assigned to weak localization. It is concluded that fluctuation induced tunnelling, an extrinsic transport model accounting for most of the aligned fiber’s room temperature resistance, appears to lack MR field dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bulmer
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Agnieszka Lekawa-Raus
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd., Cambridge, UK.,Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, PL, Poland
| | - Dwight G Rickel
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Pulsed Field Facility, Bldg. 127, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Fedor F Balakirev
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Pulsed Field Facility, Bldg. 127, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Krzysztof K Koziol
- Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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16
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Lu Z, Chao Y, Ge Y, Foroughi J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Long H, Wallace GG. High-performance hybrid carbon nanotube fibers for wearable energy storage. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5063-5071. [PMID: 28265639 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable energy storage devices are of practical interest, but few have been commercially exploited. Production of electrodes with extended cycle life, as well as high energy and power densities, coupled with flexibility, remains a challenge. Herein, we have demonstrated the development of a high-performance hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber-based supercapacitor for the first time using conventional wet-spinning processes. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoflakes were deposited onto the as-prepared CNT fibers by electrodeposition to form highly flexible nanocomposites fibers. As-prepared fibers were characterized by electron microscopy, electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical measurements. It was found that the specific capacitance was over 152 F g-1 (156 F cm-3), which is about 500% higher than the multi-walled carbon nanotube/MnO2 yarn-based supercapacitors. The measured energy density was 14.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 202 W kg-1. These values are 232% and 32% higher than the energy density and power density of MWNT/MnO2 yarn-based supercapacitor, respectively. It was found that the cyclic retention ability was more stable, revealing a 16% increase after 10 000 cycles. Such substantial enhancements of key properties of the hybrid material can be associated with the synergy of CNT and MnO2 nanoparticles in the fiber structure. The use of wet-spun hybrid CNT for fiber-based supercapacitors has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Lu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, China
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