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Shi HL, Shi QQ, Zhan H, Ai JJ, Chen YT, Wang JN. High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Purity Control by Atomized Catalytic Pyrolysis and Alignment Improvement by Continuous Large Prestraining. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37987831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transferring the high strength of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to macroscopic fibers is still a major technical challenge. In this study, CNT fibers are wound from a hollow cylindrical assembly. In particular, atomized catalytic pyrolysis is utilized to produce the fiber and control its purity. The pristine fiber is then continuously prestrained to have a highly aligned structure for subsequent full densification. Experimental measurements show that the final fiber possesses a high tensile strength (8.0 GPa), specific strength (5.54 N tex-1 (tex: the weight (g) of a fiber of 1 km long)), Young's modulus (350 GPa), and elongation at break (4%). Such an excellent combination is superior to that of any other existing fiber and attributed to the efficient stress transfer among the highly aligned and packed CNTs. Our study provides a new strategy involving atomized catalysis for developing superstrong CNT assemblies such as fibers and films for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiang Qiang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hang Zhan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Jin Ai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Ting Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Nong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Zhou Y, Cai Y, Tu T, Zhang S, Li T, Fang L, Wang D, Liang Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Zhou C, Liang B. Expanded Carbon Nanotube Fiber at the Liquid-Air Interface for High-Performance Fiber-Based Supercapacitors and Electrochemical Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41839-41849. [PMID: 37590959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are widely utilized in flexible and wearable electronics due to their outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. However, the spinning process of CNTFs has limited the CNTs from exposure, leading to an ultralow usage efficiency of individual CNTs. Here, we propose an electrochemical expansion strategy of a single CNTF at the liquid-air interface, forming a macroscopic spindle-shaped CNTF (SS-CNTF) with an enlarged volume of up to 5000-fold upon the spindle. The obtained spindle-shaped structure endows CNTF with a high specific surface area together with excellent conductivity and good mechanical properties. Therefore, the SS-CNTF-based devices exhibit outstanding performances both in energy storage (electrical double-layer supercapacitor, energy density: 11.22 Wh kg-1, power density: 203.9 kW kg-1) and electrochemical sensing (ascorbic acid: 1.26 μA μM-1 cm-2; dopamine: 103.91 μA μM-1 cm-2; uric acid: 11.53 μA μM-1 cm-2). The novel architecture of SS-CNTF prepared by one-step electrochemical expansion at the liquid-air interface enabled its high performance in multiple applications, providing new insight into the development of CNTF-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cai
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Devices, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
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3
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Chen H, Daneshvar F, Tu Q, Sue HJ. Ultrastrong Carbon Nanotubes-Copper Core-Shell Wires with Enhanced Electrical and Thermal Conductivities as High-Performance Power Transmission Cables. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:56253-56267. [PMID: 36480699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Demands for high-performance electrical power transmission cables continue to rise, especially for offshore power transmission, electric vehicles, portable electronics, and deployable military applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-Copper (Cu) core-shell wire is regarded as one of the best candidate material systems for transmitting electricity and thermal energy. In this study, a facile and robust approach was developed to enhance the CNT-Cu interfacial interactions. This approach consists of a substrate-enhanced electroless deposition step for Cu pre-seeding and thiol functionalization. Benefiting from the thiol-activated CNT surface and Cu seed deposit, the CNTs-Cu core-shell wire forms a densely packed Cu shell with a void-free CNT-Cu interface. Consequently, the CNTs-Cu core-shell wire possesses (1) superior specific strength (eightfold stronger), (2) 30% higher specific conductivity, (3) 120% higher specific ampacity, and (4) an impressive 110% higher thermal conductivity compared with pure Cu wires. Moreover, this composite wire still maintains its structural integrity and electrical properties over 600 cycles of the fatigue bending test, rendering this system an excellent candidate for high-performance electrical cable and conductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Farhad Daneshvar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
- Intel Ronler Acres Campus, Intel Corp., 2501 NE Century Blvd, Hillsboro, Oregon97124, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
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4
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Guo L, Li H, Liu D, Zhou Y, Dong L, Zhu S, Wu Y, Yong Z, Kang L, Jin H, Li Q. Fabrication of high-performance carbon nanotube/copper composite fibers by interface thiol-modification. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:285701. [PMID: 35390779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/copper (Cu) composite fibers are placed great expectations as the next generation of light-weight, conductive wires. However, the electrical and mechanical performances still need to be enhanced. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy that is electrodeposition Cu on thiolated CNT fibers to solve the grand challenge which is enhancing the performance of CNT/Cu composite fibers. Thiol groups are introduced to the surface of the CNT fibers through a controllable O2plasma carboxylation process and amide reaction. Compared with CNT/Cu composite fibers, there are 82.7% and 29.6% improvements in electrical conductivity and tensile strength of interface thiol-modification composite fibers. The enhancement mechanism is also explored that thiolated CNT fibers could make strong interactions between Cu and CNT, enhancing the electrical and mechanical performance of CNT/Cu composites. This work proposes a convenient, heat-treatment-free strategy for high-performance CNT/Cu composite fibers, which can be manufactured for large-scale production and applied to next-generation conductive wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Dong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Yong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
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5
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Taylor LW, Williams SM, Yan JS, Dewey OS, Vitale F, Pasquali M. Washable, Sewable, All-Carbon Electrodes and Signal Wires for Electronic Clothing. Nano Lett 2021; 21:7093-7099. [PMID: 34459618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearable electronic accessories (e.g., watches) have found wide adoption; conversely, progress in electronic textiles has been slow due to the difficulty of embedding rigid electronic materials into flexible fabrics. Electronic clothing requires fibers that are conductive, robust, biocompatible, and can be produced on a large scale. Here, we create sewable electrodes and signal transmission wires from neat carbon nanotube threads (CNTT). These threads are soft like standard sewing thread, but they have metal-level conductivity and low interfacial impedance with skin. Electrocardiograms (EKGs) obtained by CNTT electrodes were comparable (P > 0.05) to signals obtained with commercial electrodes. CNTT can also be used as transmission wires to carry signals to other parts of a garment. Finally, the textiles can be machine-washed and stretched repeatedly without signal degradation. These results demonstrate promise for textile sensors and electronic fabric with the feel of standard clothing that can be incorporated with traditional clothing manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Vitale
- Departments of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang J, Seveno D, Fransaer J, Locquet JP, Seo JW. Carbon Nanotube Fibers Decorated with MnO 2 for Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor. Molecules 2021; 26:3479. [PMID: 34200479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibers made from CNTs (CNT fibers) have the potential to form high-strength, lightweight materials with superior electrical conductivity. CNT fibers have attracted great attention in relation to various applications, in particular as conductive electrodes in energy applications, such as capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and solar cells. Among these, wire-shaped supercapacitors demonstrate various advantages for use in lightweight and wearable electronics. However, making electrodes with uniform structures and desirable electrochemical performances still remains a challenge. In this study, dry-spun CNT fibers from CNT carpets were homogeneously loaded with MnO2 nanoflakes through the treatment of KMnO4. These functionalized fibers were systematically characterized in terms of their morphology, surface and mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance. The resulting MnO2-CNT fiber electrode showed high specific capacitance (231.3 F/g) in a Na2SO4 electrolyte, 23 times higher than the specific capacitance of the bare CNT fibers. The symmetric wire-shaped supercapacitor composed of CNT-MnO2 fiber electrodes and a PVA/H3PO4 electrolyte possesses an energy density of 86 nWh/cm and good cycling performance. Combined with its light weight and high flexibility, this CNT-based wire-shaped supercapacitor shows promise for applications in flexible and wearable energy storage devices.
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7
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Park KT, Lee T, Ko Y, Cho YS, Park CR, Kim H. High-Performance Thermoelectric Fabric Based on a Stitched Carbon Nanotube Fiber. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6257-6264. [PMID: 33508940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of flexible and wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs), high-performance materials and their integration into convenient wearable devices have to be considered. Herein, we have demonstrated highly aligned wet-spun carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers by optimizing the liquid crystalline (LC) phase via hydrochloric acid purification. The liquid crystalline phase facilitates better alignment of CNTs during fiber extrusion, resulting in the high power factor of 2619 μW m-1 K-2, which surpasses those of the dry-spun CNT yarns. A flexible all-carbon TEG was fabricated by stitching a single CNT fiber and doping selected segments into n-type by simple injection doping. The flexible TEG shows the maximum output power densities of 1.9 mW g-1 and 10.3 mW m-2 at ΔT = 30 K. Furthermore, the flexible TEG was developed into a prototype watch-strap TEG, demonstrating easy wearability and direct harvesting of body heat into electrical energy. Combining high-performance materials with scalable fabrication methods ensures the great potential for flexible/or wearable TEGs to be utilized as future power-conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tae Park
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngpyo Ko
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shik Cho
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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8
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Oh E, Cho H, Kim J, Kim JE, Yi Y, Choi J, Lee H, Im YH, Lee KH, Lee WJ. Super-Strong Carbon Nanotube Fibers Achieved by Engineering Gas Flow and Postsynthesis Treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:13107-13115. [PMID: 32078299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are directly spun from a floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition apparatus using gas-phase carbon and an iron nanocatalyst. The essential synthesis and post-treatment factors that affect the strength of CNTFs are investigated to obtain CNTFs with greater strength than those of any previously reported high-performance fibers. The key factors optimized included the degree of rotational flow inside the reactor, the ratio of the starting materials, and the postsynthesis treatment conditions. The formation of rotational gas flow inside the reactor was confirmed by computational fluid dynamics simulations, and the feed ratio of the starting materials was optimized through response surface methodology. In addition, a reproducible and highly efficient postsynthesis treatment method was established. Pristine CNTFs with a high specific strength (SS) (average 2.2 N/tex, max. 2.3 N/tex) were synthesized through decreased rotational flow and optimization of the CNTF synthesis conditions. To improve the SS of the CNTFs further, we adopted an acid wet-stretching method that included washing and heat treatment. This drastically increased the SS of the CNTFs (average 5.5 N/tex, max. 6.4 N/tex) because of the decrease in the volume of the pores between the CNT bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Oh
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Cho
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhan Kim
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Yi
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwon Choi
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hoon Im
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Hong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jae Lee
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
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Meng L, Zeng Y, Zhu D. Dynamic Liquid Membrane Electrochemical Modification of Carbon Nanotube Fiber for Electrochemical Microfabrication. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:6183-6192. [PMID: 31912725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs) are a promising material for use as lightweight, high-strength, electrically conducting tool cathodes in wire electrochemical micromachining (WECMM) in which a high-performance tool cathode is crucial for optimal processing performance. However, the outstanding advantages of pristine CNFs, such as fiber strength, electrical conductivity, and hydrophilic surface, have so far remained underutilized as tool cathodes in WECMM. Herein, electrochemical modification using a dynamic liquid membrane is proposed as an effective online method for functionalizing CNFs prior to WECMM. The proposed method not only improves the assembly accuracy and efficiency but also avoids unnecessary damage to the modified CNF during installation. The introduced functional groups (-OH and -COOH) effectively improved the electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity of CNFs. The influences of H2O2 concentration, applied voltage, and anodization time on the surface modification process were examined experimentally. The use of a pulsed voltage was further proposed to prevent the loss of fiber strength due to over-anodization. Finally, the use of modified CNF electrodes with good surface morphology, strength, and conductivity in WECMM was demonstrated to afford superior machining stability, efficiency, and accuracy as well as improved surface quality compared with the conventional tool cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Meng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology , Nanjing 210016 , China
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10
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Wang G, Kim SK, Wang MC, Zhai T, Munukutla S, Girolami GS, Sempsrott PJ, Nam S, Braun PV, Lyding JW. Enhanced Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Chemically Cross-Linked Carbon-Nanotube-Based Fibers and Their Application in High-Performance Supercapacitors. ACS Nano 2020; 14:632-639. [PMID: 31877019 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of fibers constructed from single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are usually limited by the weak interactions between individual CNTs. In this work, we report a significant enhancement of both of these properties through chemical cross-linking of individual CNTs. The CNT fibers are made by wet-spinning a CNT solution that contains 1,3,5-tris(2'-bromophenyl)benzene (2TBB) molecules as the cross-linking agent, and the cross-linking is subsequently driven by Joule heating. Cross-linking with 2TBB increases the conductivity of the CNT fibers by a factor of ∼100 and increases the tensile strength on average by 47%; in contrast, the tensile strength of CNT fibers fabricated without 2TBB decreases after the same Joule heating process. Symmetrical supercapacitors made from the 2TBB-treated CNT fibers exhibit a remarkably high volumetric energy density of ∼4.5 mWh cm-3 and a power density of ∼1.3 W cm-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Kon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering , Chonbuk National University , 567 Baekje-Daero , Deokjin-gu , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Cai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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11
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Wang GJ, Cai YP, Ma YJ, Tang SC, Syed JA, Cao ZH, Meng XK. Ultrastrong and Stiff Carbon Nanotube/Aluminum-Copper Nanocomposite via Enhancing Friction between Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett 2019; 19:6255-6262. [PMID: 31429572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have been aiming to replace copper with carbon nanotube/copper nanocomposites, which are lighter and exhibit better electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, the strength is far below pure carbon nanotube assembly and even much lower than some copper-based alloys. This disadvantage hinders the extensive application of carbon nanotube/copper nanocomposites. In this study, the carbon nanotube/aluminum-copper nanocomposites with ultra-strength and stiffness were prepared. The strength and elasticity modulus of composite reached as high as 6.6 and 500 GPa, respectively, while a high conductivity of 1.8 × 107 S/m was maintained. This can be attributed to the diffusion of Cu and Al atoms into the carbon nanotube fiber, which enhances friction between the carbon nanotubes by "pinning" and "bridging". This structure provides us with novel insights into the design of carbon nanotubes/metal nanocomposites with ultrahigh strength and conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Wang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Y P Cai
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Y J Ma
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - S C Tang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - J A Syed
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Z H Cao
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - X K Meng
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
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12
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Zong Q, Zhang Q, Mei X, Li Q, Zhou Z, Li D, Chen M, Shi F, Sun J, Yao Y, Zhang Z. Facile Synthesis of Na-Doped MnO 2 Nanosheets on Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Ultrahigh-Energy-Density All-Solid-State Wearable Asymmetric Supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:37233-37241. [PMID: 30299935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible fiber-shaped supercapacitors hold promising potential in the area of portable and wearable electronics. Unfortunately, their general application is hindered by the restricted energy densities due to low operating voltage and small specific surface area. Herein, an all-solid-state fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) possessing ultrahigh energy density is reported, in which the positive electrode was designed as Na-doped MnO2 nanosheets on carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) and the negative electrode as MoS2 nanosheet-coated CNTFs. Owing to the excellent properties of the designed electrodes, our FASCs exhibit a large operating potential window (0-2.2 V), a remarkable specific capacitance (265.4 mF/cm2), as well as an ultrahigh energy density (178.4 μWh/cm2). Moreover, the devices are of outstanding mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Zong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xue Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Qiulong Li
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Dong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Feiyang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Juan Sun
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yagang Yao
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Zengxing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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Lee J, Lee DM, Kim YK, Jeong HS, Kim SM. Significantly Increased Solubility of Carbon Nanotubes in Superacid by Oxidation and Their Assembly into High-Performance Fibers. Small 2017; 13:1701131. [PMID: 28786553 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that small amount of oxygen incorporated into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the purification process greatly increases their solubility in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). Using as-purchased and unpurified CNT powders, the optimal purification process is established to significantly increase the solubility of CNTs in CSA, and spin CNT fibers with high mechanical strength (0.84 N tex-1 ) and electrical conductivity (1.4 MS m-1 ) from the CNT liquid crystal dope with high concentration of CNTs in CSA. The knowledge obtained here may guide development of a way to dissolve extremely long CNTs at high concentration and thereby to enable production of CNT fibers with ultimate properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegeun Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Su Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
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Hossain MM, Islam MA, Shima H, Hasan M, Lee M. Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube Fibers Through Nanoparticles: A Route for Controlling Mechanical and Electrical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:5530-5542. [PMID: 28106367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study that describes how semiconducting ZnO can act as an alignment agent in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fibers. Because of the alignment of CNTs through the ZnO nanoparticles linking groups, the CNTs inside the fibers were equally distributed by the attraction of bonding forces into sheetlike bunches, such that any applied mechanical breaking load was equally distributed to each CNT inside the fiber, making them mechanically robust against breaking loads. Although semiconductive ZnO nanoparticles were used here, the electrical conductivity of the aligned CNT fiber was comparable to bare CNT fibers, suggesting that the total electron movement through the CNTs inside the aligned CNT fiber is not disrupted by the insulating behavior of ZnO nanoparticles. A high degree of control over the electrical conductivity was also demonstrated by the ZnO nanoparticles, working as electron movement bridges between CNTs in the longitudinal and crosswise directions. Well-organized surface interface chemistry was also observed, which supports the notion of CNT alignment inside the fibers. This research represents a new area of surface interface chemistry for interfacially linked CNTs and ZnO nanomaterials with improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity within aligned CNT fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Akherul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology , Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Shima
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi Univesity , Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University , Abha 61411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yang L, Greenfeld I, Wagner HD. Toughness of carbon nanotubes conforms to classic fracture mechanics. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1500969. [PMID: 26989774 PMCID: PMC4788477 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Defects in crystalline structure are commonly believed to degrade the ideal strength of carbon nanotubes. However, the fracture mechanisms induced by such defects, as well as the validity of solid mechanics theories at the nanoscale, are still under debate. We show that the fracture toughness of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) conforms to the classic theory of fracture mechanics, even for the smallest possible vacancy defect (~2 Å). By simulating tension of SWNTs containing common types of defects, we demonstrate how stress concentration at the defect boundary leads to brittle (unstable) fracturing at a relatively low strain, degrading the ideal strength of SWNTs by up to 60%. We find that, owing to the SWNT's truss-like structure, defects at this scale are not sharp and stress concentrations are finite and low. Moreover, stress concentration, a geometric property at the macroscale, is interrelated with the SWNT fracture toughness, a material property. The resulting SWNT fracture toughness is 2.7 MPa m(0.5), typical of moderately brittle materials and applicable also to graphene.
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Yu Q, Alvarez NT, Miller P, Malik R, Haase MR, Schulz M, Shanov V, Zhu X. Mechanical Strength Improvements of Carbon Nanotube Threads through Epoxy Cross-Linking. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:E68. [PMID: 28787868 DOI: 10.3390/ma9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individual Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have a great mechanical strength that needs to be transferred into macroscopic fiber assemblies. One approach to improve the mechanical strength of the CNT assemblies is by creating covalent bonding among their individual CNT building blocks. Chemical cross-linking of multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) within the fiber has significantly improved the strength of MWCNT thread. Results reported in this work show that the cross-linked thread had a tensile strength six times greater than the strength of its control counterpart, a pristine MWCNT thread (1192 MPa and 194 MPa, respectively). Additionally, electrical conductivity changes were observed, revealing 2123.40 S·cm-1 for cross-linked thread, and 3984.26 S·cm-1 for pristine CNT thread. Characterization suggests that the obtained high tensile strength is due to the cross-linking reaction of amine groups from ethylenediamine plasma-functionalized CNT with the epoxy groups of the cross-linking agent, 4,4-methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline).
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