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Zhang J, Boyer C, Zhang YX. Enhancing the Humidity Resistance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401846. [PMID: 38686690 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are sustainable energy resources for powering electronic devices from miniature to large-scale applications. However, their output performance and stability can deteriorate significantly when TENGs are exposed to moisture or humidity caused by the ambient environment or human physiological activities. This review provides an overview of the recent research advancements in enhancing the humidity resistance of TENGs. Various approaches have been reviewed including encapsulation techniques, surface modification of triboelectric materials to augment hydrophobicity or superhydrophobicity, the creation of fibrous architectures for effective moisture dissipation, leveraging water assistance for TENG performance enhancement, and other strategies like charge excitation. These research efforts contribute to the improvement of environmental adaptability and lead to expanded practical TENG applications both as energy harvesters and self-powered sensors. The efficacy of these strategies and future challenges are also discussed to facilitate the continued development of resilient TENGs in high humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Y X Zhang
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, 2751, Australia
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2
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Yan F, Zhao J, Li F, Chu Y, Du H, Sun M, Xi Z, Du T, Xu M. High-Performance Coaxial Counter-Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Lift-Drag Hybrid Blades for Wind Energy Harvesting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:598. [PMID: 38607132 PMCID: PMC11013478 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Wind energy holds potential for in-situ powering large-scale distributed wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. To achieve high performance in wind energy harvesting, a coaxial counter-rotating triboelectric nanogenerator with lift-drag hybrid blades, termed CCR-TENG, has been proposed. The CCR-TENG, which can work in non-contact and soft-contact modes, realizes low-speed wind energy harvesting through a combination of counter-clockwise rotating lift-type blades and clockwise rotating drag-type blades. Non-contact CCR-TENG realizes low-speed wind energy harvesting at wind speeds as low as 1 m/s. The output of a CCR-TENG, working in soft-contact mode, achieves 41% promotion with a maximum short-circuit current of 0.11 mA and a peak surface power density of 6.2 W/m2 with two TENGs connected in parallel. Furthermore, the power density per unit of wind speed achieves 746 mW/m3·s/m. Consequently, two fluorescent lamps were successfully illuminated and six temperature sensors were continuously lit by the CCR-TENG. The reported CCR-TENG significantly improves low-speed environmental wind energy utilization and demonstrates broad application prospects for in-situ power supply of distributed wireless transmission devices and sensors in the era of the IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Junhao Zhao
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Fangming Li
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yiyao Chu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Hengxu Du
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Minzheng Sun
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Ziyue Xi
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Taili Du
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Research Institute of Autonomous Ship, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Minyi Xu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Dalian 116026, China
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Liu Z, Hu Y, Qu X, Liu Y, Cheng S, Zhang Z, Shan Y, Luo R, Weng S, Li H, Niu H, Gu M, Yao Y, Shi B, Wang N, Hua W, Li Z, Wang ZL. A self-powered intracardiac pacemaker in swine model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:507. [PMID: 38218947 PMCID: PMC10787765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Harvesting biomechanical energy from cardiac motion is an attractive power source for implantable bioelectronic devices. Here, we report a battery-free, transcatheter, self-powered intracardiac pacemaker based on the coupled effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction for the treatment of arrhythmia in large animal models. We show that the capsule-shaped device (1.75 g, 1.52 cc) can be integrated with a delivery catheter for implanting in the right ventricle of a swine through the intravenous route, which effectively converts cardiac motion energy to electricity and maintains endocardial pacing function during the three-week follow-up period. We measure in vivo open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the self-powered intracardiac pacemaker of about 6.0 V and 0.2 μA, respectively. This approach exhibits up-to-date progress in self-powered medical devices and it may overcome the inherent energy shortcomings of implantable pacemakers and other bioelectronic devices for therapy and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhu Shan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizeng Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
| | - Sixian Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China.
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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4
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Li L, Li H, Wei J, Li R, Sun J, Zhao C, Chen T. Water-Resistant Thermoelectric Ionogel Enables Underwater Heat Harvesting. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071746. [PMID: 37050360 PMCID: PMC10097396 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy crisis is one of the most critical and urgent problems in modern society; thus, harvesting energy from ubiquitous low-grade heat energy with thermoelectric (TE) materials has become an available strategy in sustainable development. Recently, emerging ionic TE materials have been widely used to harvest low-grade heat energy, owing to their excellent performance in high ionic Seebeck coefficient, low thermal conductivity, and mechanical flexibility. However, the instability of ionic conductive materials in the underwater environment seriously suppresses underwater energy-harvesting, resulting in a waste of underwater low-grade heat energy. Herein, we developed a water-resistant TE ionogel (TEIG) with excellent long-term underwater stability utilizing a hydrophobic structure. Due to the hydrophobic polymer network and hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), the TEIG exhibits high hydrophobicity and antiswelling capacity, which meets the requirement of environment stability for underwater thermoelectric application. Furthermore, the water resistance endows the TEIG with great thermoelectric performances in the underwater environment, including satisfactory ionic Seebeck coefficient, outstanding durability, and superior salt tolerance. Therefore, this investigation provides a promising strategy to design water-resistant TE materials, enabling a remarkable potential in harvesting low-grade heat energy under water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Huijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Rui Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.Z.); (T.C.)
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Shao Y, Yan S, Li J, Silva-Pedraza Z, Zhou T, Hsieh M, Liu B, Li T, Gu L, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Yin B, Wang X. Stretchable Encapsulation Materials with High Dynamic Water Resistivity and Tissue-Matching Elasticity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18935-18943. [PMID: 35426654 PMCID: PMC10018529 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible implantable medical devices (IMDs) are an emerging technology that may substantially improve the disease treatment efficacy and quality of life of patients. While many advancements have been achieved in IMDs, the constantly straining application conditions impose extra requirements for the packaging material, which needs to retain both high stretchability and high water resistivity under dynamic strains in a physiological environment. This work reports a polyisobutylene (PIB) blend-based elastomer that simultaneously offers a tissue-like elastic modulus and excellent water resistivity under dynamic strains. The PIB blend is a homogeneous mixture of two types of PIB molecules with distinct molecular weights. The blend achieved an optimal Young's modulus of 62 kPa, matching those of soft biological tissues. The PIB blend film also exhibited an extremely low water permittivity of 1.6-2.9 g m-2 day-1, from unstrained to 50% strain states. The combination of high flexibility and dynamic water resistivity was tested using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The PIB blend-packaged TENG was able to stably operate in water for 2 weeks, substantially surpassing the protection offered by Ecoflex. This work offered a promising material solution for packaging flexible IMDs to achieve stable performance in a strained physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zulmari Silva-Pedraza
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marvin Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Long Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yutao Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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6
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Advanced Implantable Biomedical Devices Enabled by Triboelectric Nanogenerators. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081366. [PMID: 35458075 PMCID: PMC9032723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Implantable biomedical devices (IMDs) play essential roles in healthcare. Subject to the limited battery life, IMDs cannot achieve long-term in situ monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. The proposal and rapid development of triboelectric nanogenerators free IMDs from the shackles of batteries and spawn a self-powered healthcare system. This review aims to overview the development of IMDs based on triboelectric nanogenerators, divided into self-powered biosensors, in vivo energy harvesting devices, and direct electrical stimulation therapy devices. Meanwhile, future challenges and opportunities are discussed according to the development requirements of current-level self-powered IMDs to enhance output performance, develop advanced triboelectric nanogenerators with multifunctional materials, and self-driven close-looped diagnosis and treatment systems.
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Macário D, Domingos I, Carvalho N, Pinho P, Alves H. Harvesting circuits for triboelectric nanogenerators for wearable applications. iScience 2022; 25:103977. [PMID: 35310949 PMCID: PMC8931365 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) and recently Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) bear the promise of new devices able to communicate and assist our daily lives toward wearable technologies which demand a versatile integration such as in wireless body networks (WBN), sensing, and health monitorization. These must comply with stringent constraints on energy usage. Dimensions and complexity intensify the need for small and maintenance-free power sources. Environment energy harvesting and storage is an important approach to sustain operation for a long time. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) arise as a strong and promising solution to power the new field of outcoming self-sustainable devices, implantable, and wearable devices. They can transform mechanical energy in different modes, have simple structures, and use vulgar and sustainable materials. This paper makes a review about TENGs technology, construction, materials, operation, and focus on strategies for harvesting circuits. Main challenges like efficiency, reliability, energy storage, and sustainability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Macário
- Electronic, Telecomunications and Informatics Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- IT, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal
- Corresponding author
| | - Ismael Domingos
- Physics and Chemistry Department, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- Corresponding author
| | - Nuno Carvalho
- Electronic, Telecomunications and Informatics Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- IT, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal
- Corresponding author
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Electronic, Telecomunications and Informatics Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- IT, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal
- Corresponding author
| | - Helena Alves
- Physics and Chemistry Department, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- Corresponding author
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8
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Qu X, Xu L, Zou Y, Shan Y, Shao J, Wang C, Liu Y, Xue J, Jiang D, Fan Y, Li Z, Ye H. A Self-Powered Optogenetic System for Implantable Blood Glucose Control. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9864734. [PMID: 35935133 PMCID: PMC9275083 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9864734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes treatment and rehabilitation are usually a lifetime process. Optogenetic engineered designer cell-therapy holds great promise in regulating blood glucose homeostasis. However, portable, sustainable, and long-term energy supplementation has previously presented a challenge for the use of optogenetic stimulation in vivo. Herein, we purpose a self-powered optogenetic system (SOS) for implantable blood glucose control. The SOS consists of a biocompatible far-red light (FRL) source, FRL-triggered transgene-expressing cells, a power management unit, and a flexible implantable piezoelectric nanogenerator (i-PENG) to supply long-term energy by converting biomechanical energy into electricity. Our results show that this system can harvest energy from body movement and power the FRL source, which then significantly enhanced production of a short variant of human glucagon-like peptide 1 (shGLP-1) in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, diabetic mice equipped with the SOS showed rapid restoration of blood glucose homeostasis, improved glucose, and insulin tolerance. Our results suggest that the SOS is sufficiently effective in self-powering the modulation of therapeutic outputs to control glucose homeostasis and, furthermore, present a new strategy for providing energy in optogenetic-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yang Zou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yizhu Shan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jiawei Shao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jiangtao Xue
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Gao X, Wu Y, Gui J, Guo S, Zheng H, Wang ZL. Self-powered technology based on nanogenerators for biomedical applications. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2021; 1:90-114. [PMID: 37366464 PMCID: PMC10291576 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical electronic devices have enormous benefits for healthcare and quality of life. Still, the long-term working of those devices remains a great challenge due to the short life and large volume of conventional batteries. Since the nanogenerators (NGs) invention, they have been widely used to convert various ambient mechanical energy sources into electrical energy. The self-powered technology based on NGs is dedicated to harvesting ambient energy to supply electronic devices, which is an effective pathway to conquer the energy insufficiency of biomedical electronic devices. With the aid of this technology, it is expected to develop self-powered biomedical electronic devices with advanced features and distinctive functions. The goal of this review is to summarize the existing self-powered technologies based on NGs and then review the applications based on self-powered technologies in the biomedical field during their rapid development in recent years, including two main directions. The first is the NGs as independent sensors to converts biomechanical energy and heat energy into electrical signals to reflect health information. The second direction is to use the electrical energy produced by NGs to stimulate biological tissues or powering biomedical devices for achieving the purpose of medical application. Eventually, we have analyzed and discussed the remaining challenges and perspectives of the field. We believe that the self-powered technology based on NGs would advance the development of modern biomedical electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhanP. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceHenan UniversityKaifengP. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhanP. R. China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceHenan UniversityKaifengP. R. China
| | - Jinzheng Gui
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhanP. R. China
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐structures of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhanP. R. China
| | - Haiwu Zheng
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceHenan UniversityKaifengP. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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10
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Zhang Q, Jiang C, Li X, Dai S, Ying Y, Ping J. Highly Efficient Raindrop Energy-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Intelligent Greenhouse. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12314-12323. [PMID: 34190529 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a sustainable energy supply is necessary for intelligent greenhouse environmental management. Compared with traditional energy, green and eco-friendly energy is more conducive to protecting the agricultural production environment. In this study, a fluorinated superhydrophobic greenhouse film is proposed as a negative triboelectric layer material for the construction of a triboelectric nanogenerator that harvests raindrop energy (RDE-TENG). Moreover, an upgraded configuration is adopted, where the bulk effect between the lower/upper electrode and film replaces the interfacial effect of the liquid-solid interface, thereby promoting charge transfer. The results show that the RDE-TENG can serve as a sustainable energy source for greenhouse temperature and humidity sensors that assists in realizing intelligent control of the environment and guides agricultural production processes. This device exhibits high-voltage and a stable output; thus, it has the potential to replace traditional energy sources, which helps toward realizing a self-powered intelligent greenhouse planting mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chengmei Jiang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xunjia Li
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shufen Dai
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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11
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Conta G, Libanori A, Tat T, Chen G, Chen J. Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007502. [PMID: 34014583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current solutions developed for the purpose of in and on body (IOB) electrical stimulation (ES) lack autonomous qualities necessary for comfortable, practical, and self-dependent use. Consequently, recent focus has been placed on developing self-powered IOB therapeutic devices capable of generating therapeutic ES for human use. With the recent invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), harnessing passive human biomechanical energy to develop self-powered systems has allowed for the introduction of novel therapeutic ES solutions. TENGs are especially effective at providing ES for IOB therapeutic systems given their bioconformability, low cost, simple manufacturability, and self-powering capabilities. Due to the key role of naturally induced electrical signals in many physiological functions, TENG-induced ES holds promise to provide a novel paradigm in therapeutic interventions. The aim here is to detail research on IOB TENG devices applied for ES-based therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, neurology, rehabilitation, and pharmaceutical engineering. Furthermore, considering TENG-produced ES can be measured for sensing applications, this technology is paving the way to provide a fully autonomous personalized healthcare system, capable of IOB energy generation, sensing, and therapeutic intervention. Considering these grounds, it seems highly relevant to review TENG-ES research and applications, as they could constitute the foundation and future of personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Conta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Trinny Tat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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12
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Wang H, Cheng J, Wang Z, Ji L, Wang ZL. Triboelectric nanogenerators for human-health care. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:490-511. [PMID: 36654185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since the world's first triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was proposed in 2012, numerous TENG-based devices and equipment have sprung up in various fields. In particular, TENG has great potential in the field of human-health care due to its small size, self-powered and low cost. With the continuous deepening of TENG research, its structure, function and technical concept are becoming more and more abundant. In order to summarize the progress and development status of TENG in health care, based on the different types of applications subdirection, this paper reviews the TENG-based research work of this field in recent eight years. The characteristics of various types of TENG-based applications and their corresponding technologies are introduced and analyzed, under the comparison of their structure and performance. This review is dedicated to provide reference and inspiration for the future development and innovation of TENG for health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA.
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13
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li Z, Fan J, Wang L, Liu X, Liu J, Shou W. Enhanced Energy Harvesting Ability of ZnO/PAN Hybrid Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54936-54945. [PMID: 33216535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of energy conversion and storage devices has attracted remarkable consideration in the application of wearable electronics. Compared with film-based flexible electronics, fiber-based wearable electronics (e.g., nanogenerators and sensors made from electrospun nanofibers) are more appealing and promising for wearables. However, there are two bottlenecks, a low power output and poor sensing capability, limiting the application of piezoelectric nanofibers. Herein, we integrated zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) to a less known piezoelectric polymer, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber, forming a ZnO/PAN nanofabric, which significantly improved the pressure sensitivity and vibrational energy harvesting ability by about 2.7 times compared with those of the pristine PAN nanofiber, and the maximum output power density of ∼10.8 mW·m-2 is achieved. Noteworthily, the ZnO/PAN nanofabric showed a power output about twice of the one made of ZnO and polyvinylidene fluoride. It was revealed that the integration of ZnO NRs clearly improved the planar zigzag conformation in microstructures of the PAN nanofiber. Further, successful demonstrations of a mechanically robust pressure sensor and wearable power source confirm the potential applications in human activity monitoring and personal thermal management, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yide Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuqing Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Textiles, Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology, 495 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315000, China
| | - Wan Shou
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL), Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
Wearable electronics are an essential direction for the future development of smart wearables. Among them, the battery life of wearable electronics is a key technology that limits their development. The proposal of self-powered wearable electronics (SWE) provides a promising solution to the problem of long-term stable working of wearable electronics. This review has made a comprehensive summary and analysis of recent advances on SWE from the perspectives of energy, materials, and ergonomics methods. At the same time, some representative research work was introduced in detail. SWE can be divided into energy type SWE and sensor type SWE according to their working types. Both types of SWE are broadly applied in human–machine interaction, motion information monitoring, diagnostics, and therapy systems. Finally, this article summarizes the existing bottlenecks of SWE, and predicts the future development direction of SWE.
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15
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Tat T, Libanori A, Au C, Yau A, Chen J. Advances in triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 171:112714. [PMID: 33068881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical sensors have been essential in improving healthcare outcomes over the past 30 years, though limited power source access and user wearability restraints have prevented them from taking a constant and active biomedical sensing role in our daily lives. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities and versatility in delivering self-powered and wear-optimized biomedical sensors, and are paving the way for a novel platform technology able to fully integrate into the developing 5G/Internet-of-Things ecosystem. This novel paradigm of TENG-based biomedical sensors aspires to provide ubiquitous and omnipresent real-time biomedical sensing for us all. In this review, we cover the remarkable developments in TENG-based biomedical sensing which have arisen in the last octennium, focusing on both in-body and on-body biomedical sensing solutions. We begin by covering TENG as biomedical sensors in the most relevant, mortality-associated clinical fields of pneumology and cardiology, as well as other organ-related biomedical sensing abilities including ambulation. We also include an overview of ambient biomedical sensing as a field of growing interest in occupational health monitoring. Finally, we explore TENGs as power sources for third party biomedical sensors in a number of fields, and conclude our review by focusing on the future perspectives of TENG biomedical sensors, highlighting key areas of attention to fully translate TENG-based biomedical sensors into clinically and commercially viable digital and wireless consumer and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinny Tat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Au
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andy Yau
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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16
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Parandeh S, Kharaziha M, Karimzadeh F, Hosseinabadi F. Triboelectric nanogenerators based on graphene oxide coated nanocomposite fibers for biomedical applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:385402. [PMID: 32498060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A high demand for green and eco-friendly triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has multiplied the importance of their degradability for biomedical applications. However, the charge generation of current eco-friendly TENGs is generally limited. In this research, a flexible TENG based on a silk fibroin (SF) fibrous layer and a polycaprolactone (PCL)/graphene oxide (GO) fibrous layer was developed. Moreover, the PCL/GO layer was surface modified using various concentrations of GO (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 wt%). We demonstrated that surface modification using GO nanosheets significantly improved the output of the TENG. Notably, the optimized GO modified layer resulted in a voltage of 100 V, a current of 3.15 mA [Formula: see text], and a power density of 72 mW[Formula: see text]. Moreover, a thin PCL layer applied as an encapsulation layer did not significantly modulate the performance of the TENG. Furthermore, during 28 d of soaking in a phosphate buffer solution, the proposed TENG was able to successfully generate electricity. The TENG was also proposed to be used for the electrical stimulation of PC12 cells. The results confirmed that this self-powered electrical stimulator could promote the attachment and proliferation of PC12 cells. Therefore, we have shown the potential for an eco-friendly and cost-effective TENG based on GO modified PCl/GO and silk fibrous layers to be used as a power source for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parandeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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17
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Wireless Hyperthermia Stent System for Restenosis Treatment and Testing With Swine Model. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:1097-1104. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2929265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Li Z, Zheng Q, Wang ZL, Li Z. Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:8710686. [PMID: 32259107 PMCID: PMC7085499 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8710686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable electronics (WIEs) are more and more important and attractive to the public, and they have had positive influences on all aspects of our lives. As a bridge between wearable electronics and their surrounding environment and users, sensors are core components of WIEs and determine the implementation of their many functions. Although the existing sensor technology has evolved to a very advanced level with the rapid progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology, most of them still need external power supply, like batteries, which could cause problems that are difficult to track, recycle, and miniaturize, as well as possible environmental pollution and health hazards. In the past decades, based upon piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric effect, various kinds of nanogenerators (NGs) were proposed which are capable of responding to a variety of mechanical movements, such as breeze, body drive, muscle stretch, sound/ultrasound, noise, mechanical vibration, and blood flow, and they had been widely used as self-powered sensors and micro-nanoenergy and blue energy harvesters. This review focuses on the applications of self-powered generators as implantable and wearable sensors in health monitoring, biosensor, human-computer interaction, and other fields. The existing problems and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Liu J, Song H, Zhang Y. Toward Imperfection-Insensitive Soft Network Materials for Applications in Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36100-36109. [PMID: 31502438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of stretchable devices with mechanical responses that mimic those of biological tissues/organs is of particular importance for the long-term biointegration, as the discomfort induced by the mechanical mismatch can be minimized. Recent works have established the bioinspired designs of soft network materials that can precisely reproduce the unconventional J-shaped stress-strain curves of human skin at different regions. Existing studies mostly focused on the design, fabrication, and modeling of perfect soft network materials. When utilized as the substrates of biointegrated electronics, the soft network designs, however, often need to incorporate deterministic holes, a type of imperfection, to accommodate hard, inorganic electronic components. Understanding of the effect of hole imperfections on the mechanical properties of soft network materials is thereby essential in practical applications. This paper presents a combined experimental and computational study of the stretchability and elastic modulus of imperfect soft network materials consisting of circular holes with a variety of diameters. Both the size and location of the circular-hole imperfections are shown to have profound influences on the stretchability. Based on these results, design guidelines of imperfection-insensitive network materials are introduced. For the imperfections that result in an evident reduction of stretchability, an effective reinforcement approach is presented by enlarging the width of horseshoe microstructures at strategic locations, which can enhance the stretchability considerably. A stretchable and imperfection-insensitive integrated device with a light-emitting diode embedded in the network material serves a demonstrative application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Honglie Song
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Center for Flexible Electronics Technology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
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20
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Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Resonant Sensor for Non-Destructive Defect Detection. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19153262. [PMID: 31344933 PMCID: PMC6696058 DOI: 10.3390/s19153262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A triboelectric nanogenerator-based self-powered resonant sensor is proposed and investigated. By integrating an inductor and a microswitch with a triboelectric nanogenerator, a new type triboelectric nanogenerator is obtained, the pulse voltage output is converted to an oscillating signal with a very stable modulated resonant frequency, immune to the cross disturbance of contact-related variation (force, frequency, distance) and environmental variation, such as humidity and temperature. This is utilized for non-destructive defect detection. When the coil inductor scans the surface of a specimen with defects, varying resonant frequencies are obtained for different types of defects, showing excellent consistency between the experimental and simulated results. The results demonstrate the potential of the self-powered TENG-based resonant sensor to be a highly stable and sensitive magnetic sensor for the non-destructive defect detection applications.
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21
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A bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater sensing and energy harvesting. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2695. [PMID: 31217422 PMCID: PMC6584498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft wearable electronics for underwater applications are of interest, but depend on the development of a waterproof, long-term sustainable power source. In this work, we report a bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater energy harvesting that mimics the structure of ion channels on the cytomembrane of electrocyte in an electric eel. Combining the effects of triboelectrification caused by flowing liquid and principles of electrostatic induction, the bionic stretchable nanogenerator can harvest mechanical energy from human motion underwater and output an open-circuit voltage over 10 V. Underwater applications of a bionic stretchable nanogenerator have also been demonstrated, such as human body multi-position motion monitoring and an undersea rescue system. The advantages of excellent flexibility, stretchability, outstanding tensile fatigue resistance (over 50,000 times) and underwater performance make the bionic stretchable nanogenerator a promising sustainable power source for the soft wearable electronics used underwater. Flexible devices such as solar cells and nanogenerators are attractive for powering wearable electronics, but waterproof capabilities would extend applications. Here the authors report a bionic stretchable nanogenerator that is capable of harvesting energy and multi-position motion monitoring underwater.
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22
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Shi B, Li Z, Fan Y. Implantable Energy-Harvesting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801511. [PMID: 30043422 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable operation of implanted medical devices is essential for healthcare applications. However, limited battery capacity is a key challenge for most implantable medical electronics (IMEs). The human body abounds with mechanical and chemical energy, such as the heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation, and the oxidation-reduction of glucose. Harvesting energy from the human body is a possible approach for powering IMEs. Many new methods for developing in vivo energy harvesters (IVEHs) have been proposed for powering IMEs. In this context energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, automatic wristwatch devices, biofuel cells, endocochlear potential, and light, with an emphasis on fabrication, energy output, power management, durability, animal experiments, evaluation criteria, and typical applications are discussed. Importantly, the IVEHs that are discussed, are actually implanted into living things. Future challenges and perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojing Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
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23
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Wu C, Park JH, Koo B, Chen X, Wang ZL, Kim TW. Capsule Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Toward Optional 3D Integration for High Output and Efficient Energy Harvesting from Broadband-Amplitude Vibrations. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9947-9957. [PMID: 30272956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The technology of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has made great progress as a promising approach to generating electricity from ambient vibration energy. However, finding a way to generate enough electrical output efficiently from vibrations with a broadband of amplitudes is crucial when the relatively low current output of existing TENGs and the existence of natural vibrations with diverse amplitudes are considered. In this work, a freestanding and lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator with a capsule structure (namely, a capsule TENG) is demonstrated with an aim toward optional 3D integration and the efficient harvesting of energy from vibrations with a broadband of amplitudes. The capsule TENGs can be easily integrated to form 1D, 2D, and 3D structures to realize high electrical output. Under ideal conditions, the total output power of an integrated capsule-TENG pack can be approximately estimated as p × n2, where p is the peak output power per capsule TENG and n is the number of capsule TENGs. When capsule TENGs with hybrid structures, such as different lengths of the capsule tube and different numbers of paired electrodes, are assembled, energy can be more efficiently harvested from vibrations with a broadband of amplitudes. A total of three parameters (the active area-to-volume ratio, the power-to-volume ratio, and the power-to-weight ratio), which are important parameters for 3D-integrated TENGs, are proposed. The results of this research show that capsule TENGs are versatile devices that can potentially be used for the efficient harvesting of ambient vibration energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Wu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bonmin Koo
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Tae Whan Kim
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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24
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Feng H, Zhao C, Tan P, Liu R, Chen X, Li Z. Nanogenerator for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701298. [PMID: 29388350 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, the development of nanogenerators (NG) has enabled different systems to operate without external power supply. NG have the ability to harvest the mechanical energies in different forms. Human body motions and activities can also serve as the energy source to drive NG and enable self-powered healthcare system. In this review, a summary of several major actual applications of NG in the biomedical fields is made including the circulatory system, the neural system, cell modulation, microbe disinfection, and biodegradable electronics. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges for NG to be actually adopted in clinical applications, including the miniaturization, duration, encapsulation, and output performance. It is also very important to further combine the NG development more precisely with the medical principles. In future, NG can serve as highly promising complementary or even alternative power suppliers to traditional batteries for the healthcare electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Feng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Puchuan Tan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ruping Liu
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication; Beijing 102600 P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication; Beijing 102600 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Wang J, Ding W, Pan L, Wu C, Yu H, Yang L, Liao R, Wang ZL. Self-Powered Wind Sensor System for Detecting Wind Speed and Direction Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3954-3963. [PMID: 29595963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of the Internet of Things has brought new challenges to the corresponding distributed sensor systems. Self-powered sensors that can perceive and respond to environmental stimuli without an external power supply are highly desirable. In this paper, a self-powered wind sensor system based on an anemometer triboelectric nanogenerator (a-TENG, free-standing mode) and a wind vane triboelectric nanogenerator (v-TENG, single-electrode mode) is proposed for simultaneously detecting wind speed and direction. A soft friction mode is adopted instead of a typical rigid friction for largely enhancing the output performance of the TENG. The design parameters including size, unit central angle, and applied materials are optimized to enhance sensitivity, resolution, and wide measurement scale. The optimized a-TENG could deliver an open-circuit voltage of 88 V and short-circuit current of 6.3 μA, corresponding to a maximum power output of 0.47 mW (wind speed of 6.0 m/s), which is capable of driving electronics for data transmission and storage. The current peak value of the a-TENG signal is used for analyzing wind speed for less energy consumption. Moreover, the output characteristics of a v-TENG are further explored, with six actual operation situations, and the v-TENG delivers fast response to the incoming wind and accurately outputs the wind direction data. As a wind sensor system, wind speed ranging from 2.7 to 8.0 m/s can be well detected (consistent with a commercial sensor) and eight regular directions can be monitored. Therefore, the fabricated wind sensor system has great potential in wireless environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology , Chongqing University , Shapingba , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Lun Pan
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Changsheng Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Hua Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Lijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology , Chongqing University , Shapingba , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology , Chongqing University , Shapingba , Chongqing 400044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
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Ouyang H, Tian J, Sun G, Zou Y, Liu Z, Li H, Zhao L, Shi B, Fan Y, Fan Y, Wang ZL, Li Z. Self-Powered Pulse Sensor for Antidiastole of Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703456. [PMID: 28863247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally; fortunately, 90% of cardiovascular diseases are preventable by long-term monitoring of physiological signals. Stable, ultralow power consumption, and high-sensitivity sensors are significant for miniaturized wearable physiological signal monitoring systems. Here, this study proposes a flexible self-powered ultrasensitive pulse sensor (SUPS) based on triboelectric active sensor with excellent output performance (1.52 V), high peak signal-noise ratio (45 dB), long-term performance (107 cycles), and low cost price. Attributed to the crucial features of acquiring easy-processed pulse waveform, which is consistent with second derivative of signal from conventional pulse sensor, SUPS can be integrated with a bluetooth chip to provide accurate, wireless, and real-time monitoring of pulse signals of cardiovascular system on a smart phone/PC. Antidiastole of coronary heart disease, atrial septal defect, and atrial fibrillation are made, and the arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation) is indicative diagnosed from health, by characteristic exponent analysis of pulse signals accessed from volunteer patients. This SUPS is expected to be applied in self-powered, wearable intelligent mobile diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ouyang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanglong Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hu Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luming Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yifan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
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Zheng Q, Shi B, Li Z, Wang ZL. Recent Progress on Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Energy Harvesters in Biomedical Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700029. [PMID: 28725529 PMCID: PMC5515112 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have become indispensable medical tools for improving the quality of life and prolonging the patient's lifespan. The minimization and extension of lifetime are main challenges for the development of IMDs. Current innovative research on this topic is focused on internal charging using the energy generated by the physiological environment or natural body activity. To harvest biomechanical energy efficiently, piezoelectric and triboelectric energy harvesters with sophisticated structural and material design have been developed. Energy from body movement, muscle contraction/relaxation, cardiac/lung motions, and blood circulation is captured and used for powering medical devices. Other recent progress in this field includes using PENGs and TENGs for our cognition of the biological processes by biological pressure/strain sensing, or direct intervention of them for some special self-powered treatments. Future opportunities lie in the fabrication of intelligent, flexible, stretchable, and/or fully biodegradable self-powered medical systems for monitoring biological signals and treatment of various diseases in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)Beijing100083P. R. China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)Beijing100083P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)Beijing100083P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332
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