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Pang Y, Guan L, Zhu Y, Niu R, Zhu S, Lin Q. Gallic acid-grafted chitosan antibacterial hydrogel incorporated with polydopamine-modified hydroxyapatite for enhancing bone healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162202. [PMID: 37334266 PMCID: PMC10273101 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An open critical-size bone defect is a major medical problem because of the difficulty in self-healing, leading to an increased risk of bacterial infection owing to wound exposure, resulting in treatment failure. Herein, a composite hydrogel was synthesized by chitosan, gallic acid, and hyaluronic acid, termed "CGH." Hydroxyapatite was modified with polydopamine (PDA@HAP) and introduced to CGH to obtain a mussel-inspired mineralized hydrogel (CGH/PDA@HAP). The CGH/PDA@HAP hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical performances, including self-healing and injectable properties. Owing to its three-dimensional porous structure and polydopamine modifications, the cellular affinity of the hydrogel was enhanced. When adding PDA@HAP into CGH, Ca2+ and PO4 3- could release and then promoted differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts. Without any osteogenic agent or stem cells, the area of new bone at the site of defect was enhanced and the newly formed bone had a dense trabecular structure after implanting of the CGH/PDA@HAP hydrogel for 4 and 8 weeks. Moreover, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was effectively inhibited through the grafting of gallic acid onto chitosan. Above, this study provides a reasonable alternative strategy to manage open bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Pang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlin Zhu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruijuan Niu
- Meilong Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Janmohammadi M, Nazemi Z, Salehi AOM, Seyfoori A, John JV, Nourbakhsh MS, Akbari M. Cellulose-based composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and localized drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:137-163. [PMID: 35663339 PMCID: PMC9142858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues, especially in large bone defects. To improve the reconstruction of the damaged bones, tissue engineering has been introduced as a promising alternative approach to the conventional therapeutic methods including surgical interventions using allograft and autograft implants. Bioengineered composite scaffolds consisting of multifunctional biomaterials in combination with the cells and bioactive therapeutic agents have great promise for bone repair and regeneration. Cellulose and its derivatives are renewable and biodegradable natural polymers that have shown promising potential in bone tissue engineering applications. Cellulose-based scaffolds possess numerous advantages attributed to their excellent properties of non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, availability through renewable resources, and the low cost of preparation and processing. Furthermore, cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively used for delivering growth factors and antibiotics directly to the site of the impaired bone tissue to promote tissue repair. This review focuses on the various classifications of cellulose-based composite scaffolds utilized in localized bone drug delivery systems and bone regeneration, including cellulose-organic composites, cellulose-inorganic composites, cellulose-organic/inorganic composites. We will also highlight the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the different cellulose-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Cellulose and its derivatives are renewable and biodegradable natural polymers that with great potential for bone tissue engineering. Cellulose-based materials can be used various therapeutics directly to the bone to achieve bone regeneration. Bioinks made of cellulose-based materials hold great promise to develop patient specific solutions for bone repair using 3D printing. Challenges associated with inaccuracies in existing preclinical models, sterilization regulatory barriers still need to be addressed before clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Janmohammadi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, P.O.Box: 19111-35131, Iran
| | - Zahra Nazemi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, P.O.Box: 19111-35131, Iran
| | | | - Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Johnson V. John
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovations, Los Angeles, CA, 90050, USA
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh
- Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, P.O.Box: 19111-35131, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovations, Los Angeles, CA, 90050, USA
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Corresponding author. Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovations, Los Angeles, CA, 90050, USA.
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3
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Brito J, Andrianov AK, Sukhishvili SA. Factors Controlling Degradation of Biologically Relevant Synthetic Polymers in Solution and Solid State. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5057-5076. [PMID: 36206552 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The field of biodegradable synthetic polymers, which is central for regenerative engineering and drug delivery applications, encompasses a multitude of hydrolytically sensitive macromolecular structures and diverse processing approaches. The ideal degradation behavior for a specific life science application must comply with a set of requirements, which include a clinically relevant kinetic profile, adequate biocompatibility, benign degradation products, and controlled structural evolution. Although significant advances have been made in tailoring materials characteristics to satisfy these requirements, the impacts of autocatalytic reactions and microenvironments are often overlooked resulting in uncontrollable and unpredictable outcomes. Therefore, roles of surface versus bulk erosion, in situ microenvironment, and autocatalytic mechanisms should be understood to enable rational design of degradable systems. In an attempt to individually evaluate the physical state and form factors influencing autocatalytic hydrolysis of degradable polymers, this Review follows a hierarchical analysis that starts with hydrolytic degradation of water-soluble polymers before building up to 2D-like materials, such as ultrathin coatings and capsules, and then to solid-state degradation. We argue that chemical reactivity largely governs solution degradation while diffusivity and geometry control the degradation of bulk materials, with thin "2D" materials remaining largely unexplored. Following this classification, this Review explores techniques to analyze degradation in vitro and in vivo and summarizes recent advances toward understanding degradation behavior for traditional and innovative polymer systems. Finally, we highlight challenges encountered in analytical methodology and standardization of results and provide perspective on the future trends in the development of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
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4
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Zamora-Mendoza L, Guamba E, Miño K, Romero MP, Levoyer A, Alvarez-Barreto JF, Machado A, Alexis F. Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Fibers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227999. [PMID: 36432099 PMCID: PMC9699224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), or nosocomial infections, are a global health and economic problem in developed and developing countries, particularly for immunocompromised patients in their intensive care units (ICUs) and surgical site hospital areas. Recurrent pathogens in HAIs prevail over antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this reason, natural antibacterial mechanisms are a viable alternative for HAI treatment. Natural fibers can inhibit bacterial growth, which can be considered a great advantage in these applications. Moreover, these fibers have been reported to be biocompatible and biodegradable, essential features for biomedical materials to avoid complications due to infections and significant immune responses. Consequently, tissue engineering, medical textiles, orthopedics, and dental implants, as well as cosmetics, are fields currently expanding the use of plant fibers. In this review, we will discuss the source of natural fibers with antimicrobial properties, antimicrobial mechanisms, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Zamora-Mendoza
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Guamba
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Karla Miño
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Maria Paula Romero
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Anghy Levoyer
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - José F. Alvarez-Barreto
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Frank Alexis
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
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Bakhtkhosh Hagh H, Unsworth LD, Olad A. Evaluating the effect of graphene oxide PEGylation on the properties of chitosan-graphene oxide nanocomposite scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2353-2368. [PMID: 35543538 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to understand the effect of PEGlayted GO on properties of chitosan-based nanocomposite scaffold. GO was synthesized according to modified Hummer's method and covalently linked to polymeric chains of PEG to produce polyethylene glycolated GO (PGO). Successful preparation of GO and PGO was confirmed by FT-IR and Raman techniques, where the chemical bonding of PEG and GO nanosheets were concluded based on PGOs' lower zeta potential compared to GO. Nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared by adding equal amounts of GO and PGO into 2% (w/v) chitosan (Cs) solutions. The highly porous scaffolds were developed by lyophilization of solutions. Incorporation of GO and PGO into chitosan scaffold network resulted in uniform and spherical pores. Modified samples offered higher porosity and density, indicating adequate scaffold structure. Improvements in the physical properties of prepared chitosan scaffolds were concluded through higher water absorption and retention values. Compressive strength measurement showed 6.33 and 5.5 times improvement respectively for Cs-GO and Cs-PGO samples compared to Cs scaffold. The Cs-GO scaffolds showed minimum susceptibility toward enzymatic degradation and higher degrees of protein adsorption (26% and 23% improvement in value of adsorbed protein respectively for Cs-GO and Cs-PGO compared to Cs scaffold) and biomineral formation on scaffold surface. Also, Cs-PGO sample showed the highest degree of cell viability and lower hemolysis than both Cs and Cs-GO scaffolds. Investigations showed that cell infiltration into scaffold porous structure was more prominent in Cs-PGO scaffolds than in Cs and Cs-GO scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Bakhtkhosh Hagh
- Polymer Composite Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Larry D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ali Olad
- Polymer Composite Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Gholivand K, Alavinasab Ardebili SA, Mohammadpour M, Eshaghi Malekshah R, Hasannia S, Onagh B. Preparation and examination of a scaffold based on hydroxylated polyphosphazene for tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khodayar Gholivand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Mohammadpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Bahman Onagh
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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7
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Dou T, Zhou B, Hu S, Zhang P. Evolution of the structural polymorphs of poly(l-lactic acid) during the in vitro mineralization of its hydroxyapatite nanocomposites by attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared mapping coupled with principal component analysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Bhat S, Uthappa UT, Altalhi T, Jung HY, Kurkuri MD. Functionalized Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Focused Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4039-4076. [PMID: 34499471 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials have been widely used in tissue engineering applications at an increasing rate in recent years. The increased clinical demand for safe scaffolds, as well as the diversity and availability of biomaterials, has sparked rapid interest in fabricating diverse scaffolds to make significant progress in tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has drawn substantial attention in recent years owing to its excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties and facile adaptable surface functionalization with other innumerable essential materials. This focused review spotlights a brief introduction on HAP, scope, a historical outline, basic structural features/properties, various synthetic strategies, and their scientific applications concentrating on functionalized HAP in the diverse area of tissue engineering fields such as bone, skin, periodontal, bone tissue fixation, cartilage, blood vessel, liver, tendon/ligament, and corneal are emphasized. Besides clinical translation aspects, the future challenges and prospects of HAP based biomaterials involved in tissue engineering are also discussed. Furthermore, it is expected that researchers may find this review expedient in gaining an overall understanding of the latest advancement of HAP based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinath Bhat
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - U T Uthappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India.,Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahaveer D Kurkuri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
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9
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Song Q, Prabakaran S, Duan J, Jeyaraj M, Mickymaray S, Paramasivam A, Rajan M. Enhanced bone tissue regeneration via bioactive electrospun fibrous composite coated titanium orthopedic implant. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120961. [PMID: 34333026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the very reliable, attractive, and cheapest techniques for synthesizing nanofibers for biomedical applications is electrospinning. Here, we have created a novel nanofibrous composite coated Ti plate to mimic an Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) of native bone in order to enhance the bone tissue regeneration. An electrospun fibrous composite was obtained by the combination of minerals (Zn, Mg, Si) substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP)/Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract. Fibrous composite's functionality, phase characteristics, and morphology were evaluated by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. The average fiber diameter of MHAP/PVA had decreased from ~274 to ~255 nm after incorporating PEG polymer. That further increased from ~255 to ~275 nm after adding CQ extract. Besides the bioactivity in SBF solution, the degradable nature was confirmed by immersing the fibrous composite in Tris-HCL solution. The degradable studies evaluate that the composite was degraded depending on time, and it degrades about 9.42% after 7 days of immersion. Osteoblasts like MG-63 cells differentiation, proliferation, and calcium deposition were also determined. These results show that this new fibrous composite exhibits advanced osteoblasts properties. Thus, we concluded that this new fibrous scaffold coated Ti implant could act as a better implant to mimic ECM of bone structure and to improve osteogenesis during bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Selvakani Prabakaran
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India.
| | - Jiafeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | | | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
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Priya G, Kumar UN, Madhan B, Manjubala I. Development of carboxymethylcellulose based composites for bone tissue engineering. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.20.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the development of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)–biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) composite scaffolds through the freeze-drying process for bone tissue engineering applications. Citric acid or fumaric acid was added as the cross-linker of CMC to improve the stability of composite scaffolds. The effect of change in freezing temperature (−20, −40 or −80°C) on the pore morphology, swelling ability and mechanical properties of composite scaffolds was studied. Cross-linked scaffolds showed an increased thermal degradation temperature compared with non-cross-linked scaffolds. All the composite scaffolds showed a porous structure with homogeneous blending of CMC and BCP. Cross-linked scaffolds showed appreciable swelling ability and stability in phosphate-buffered saline, while non-cross-linked scaffolds were unstable for 24 h. Cross-linked scaffolds had lower compressive strength than non-cross-linked scaffolds under dry conditions. However, in the hydrated state, only citric acid-cross-linked scaffolds were stable with improved compressive strength of 64 ± 4, 57 ± 4 and 67 ± 4 kPa when processed at −20, −40 and −80°C, respectively. Furthermore, three-dimensional culture of Saos-2 cells on citric acid-cross-linked scaffolds showed their suitability for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, citric acid-cross-linked CMC–BCP composite scaffolds may be promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Priya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Uttamchand Narendra Kumar
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- Center for Academic and Research Excellence, CSIR–Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Inderchand Manjubala
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Jin S, Xia X, Huang J, Yuan C, Zuo Y, Li Y, Li J. Recent advances in PLGA-based biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:56-79. [PMID: 33831569 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is an interdisciplinary complex lesson, including but not limited to materials science, biomechanics, immunology, and biology. Having witnessed impressive progress in the past decades in the development of bone substitutes; however, it must be said that the most suitable biomaterial for bone regeneration remains an area of intense debate. Since its discovery, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and adjustable biodegradability. This review systematically covers the past and the most recent advances in developing PLGA-based bone regeneration materials. Taking the different application forms of PLGA-based materials as the starting point, we describe each form's specific application and its corresponding advantages and disadvantages with many examples. We focus on the progress of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds, microspheres/nanoparticles, hydrogels, multiphasic scaffolds, and stents prepared by other traditional and emerging methods. Finally, we briefly discuss the current limitations and future directions of PLGA-based bone repair materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As a key synthetic biopolymer in bone tissue engineering application, the progress of PLGA-based bone substitute is impressive. In this review, we summarized the past and the most recent advances in the development of PLGA-based bone regeneration materials. According to the typical application forms and corresponding crafts of PLGA-based substitutes, we described the development of electrospinning nanofibrous scaffolds, 3D printed scaffolds, microspheres/nanoparticles, hydrogels, multiphasic scaffolds and scaffolds fabricated by other manufacturing process. Finally, we briefly discussed the current limitations and proposed the newly strategy for the design and fabrication of PLGA-based bone materials or devices.
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12
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Qian B, Li J, Guo K, Guo N, Zhong A, Yang J, Wang J, Xiao P, Sun J, Xiong L. Antioxidant biocompatible composite collagen dressing for diabetic wound healing in rat model. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab003. [PMID: 33738117 PMCID: PMC7955720 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Associated with persistent oxidative stress, altered inflammatory responses, poor angiogenesis and epithelization, wound healing in diabetic patients is impaired. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is reported to resist excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, prompt angiogenesis and maturation of the epidermis. Studies have revealed that graphene oxide (GO) can regulate cellular behavior and form cross-links with naturally biodegradable polymers such as collagen (COL) to construct composite scaffolds. Here, we reported a COL-based implantable scaffold containing a mixture of GO capable of the sustained delivery of NAC to evaluate the wound healing in diabetic rats. The morphological, physical characteristics, biocompatibility and NAC release profile of the GO-COL-NAC (GCN) scaffold were evaluated in vitro. Wound healing studies were performed on a 20 mm dorsal full-skin defect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The injured skin tissue was removed at the 18th day post-surgery for histological analysis and determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In diabetic rats, we confirmed that the GCN scaffold presented a beneficial effect in enhancing the wound healing process. Additionally, due to the sustained release of NAC, the scaffold may potentially induce the antioxidant defense system, upregulating the expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes in the wound tissue. The findings revealed that the antioxidant biocompatible composite collagen dressing could not only deliver NAC in situ for ROS inhibition but also promote the wound healing process. This scaffold with valuable therapy potential might enrich the approaches for surgeon in diabetic wound treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jialun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nengqiang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiecong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingyun Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
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Khan MA, Abd Razak SI, Mehboob H, Abdul Kadir MR, Anand TJS, Inam F, Shah SA, Abdel-Haliem MEF, Amin R. Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Coated Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Antibacterial and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4335-4346. [PMID: 33623844 PMCID: PMC7893789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, multifunctional composite materials are very challenging. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative technique to develop biocompatible scaffolds with suitable orthopedic applications with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties. This research introduces a polymeric nanocomposite scaffold based on arabinoxylan-co-acrylic acid, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), nano-aluminum oxide (nAl2O3), and graphene oxide (GO) by free-radical polymerization for the development of porous scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique. These polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were coated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles to improve antibacterial activities. Together, nHAp, nAl2O3, and GO enhance the multifunctional properties of materials, which regulate their physicochemical and biomechanical properties. Results revealed that the Ag-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds had excellent antibacterial properties and better microstructural properties. Regulated morphological properties and maximal antibacterial inhibition zones were found in the porous scaffolds with the increasing amount of GO. Moreover, the nanosystem and the polymeric matrix have improved the compressive strength (18.89 MPa) and Young's modulus (198.61 MPa) of scaffolds upon increasing the amount of GO. The biological activities of the scaffolds were investigated against the mouse preosteoblast cell lines (MC3T3-E1) and increasing the quantities of GO helps cell adherence and proliferation. Therefore, our findings showed that these silver-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds have the potential for engineering bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Umar Aslam Khan
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute
for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Center
for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Mehboob
- Department
of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box No. 66833, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T. Joseph Sahaya Anand
- Sustainable
and Responsive Manufacturing Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka, Hang
Tuah Jaya, 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Fawad Inam
- Department
of Engineering and Computing, University
of East London, E16 2RD London, U.K.
| | - Saqlain A. Shah
- Nanotechnology
Lab, Department of Physics, Forman Christian
College (University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud E. F. Abdel-Haliem
- Botany
and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Hafr Al Batin, 39524 Hafar Al-batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Amin
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Hafr Al Batin, 39524 Hafar Al-batin, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Kupikowska-Stobba B, Kasprzak M. Fabrication of nanoparticles for bone regeneration: new insight into applications of nanoemulsion technology. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5221-5244. [PMID: 34142690 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introducing synthetic bone substitutes into the clinic was a major breakthrough in the regenerative medicine of bone. Despite many advantages of currently available bone implant materials such as biocompatiblity and osteoconductivity, they still suffer from relatively poor bioactivity, osteoinductivity and osteointegration. These properties can be effectively enhanced by functionalization of implant materials with nanoparticles such as osteoinductive hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, resembling inorganic part of the bone, or bioactive polymer nanoparticles providing sustained delivery of pro-osteogenic agents directly at implantation site. One of the most widespread techniques for fabrication of nanoparticles for bone regeneration applications is nanoemulsification. It allows manufacturing of nanoscale particles (<100 nm) that are injectable, 3D-printable, offer high surface-area-to-volume-ratio and minimal mass transport limitations. Nanoparticles obtained by this technique are of particular interest for biomedical engineering due to fabrication procedures requiring low surfactant concentrations, which translates into reduced risk of surfactant-related in vivo adverse effects and improved biocompatibility of the product. This review discusses nanoemulsion technology and its current uses in manufacturing of nanoparticles for bone regeneration applications. In the first section, we introduce basic concepts of nanoemulsification including nanoemulsion formation, properties and preparation methods. In the next sections, we focus on applications of nanoemulsions in fabrication of nanoparticles used for delivery of drugs/biomolecules facilitating osteogenesis and functionalization of bone implants with special emphasis on biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, synthetic polymer nanoparticles loaded with bioactive compounds and bone-targeting nanoparticles. We also highlight key challenges in formulation of nanoparticles via nanoemulsification and outline potential further improvements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Department of Biomaterials, Postępu 9, 02-677, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Ceramic and Concrete Division in Warsaw, Department of Biomaterials, Postępu 9, 02-677, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Pan Y, Zhao Y, Kuang R, Liu H, Sun D, Mao T, Jiang K, Yang X, Watanabe N, Mayo KH, Lin Q, Li J. Injectable hydrogel-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite that improves bone regeneration and alveolar ridge promotion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Synergistic enhancement of nanocellulose foam with dual in situ mineralization and crosslinking reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3198-3205. [PMID: 33736295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) foams have recently gained research interests because they are renewable, abundant, biodegradable and exhibit high surface area. However, the application of CNCs-based foams is still challenging, which is attributed to its lack of effective entanglements between the CNCs particles, thus lowering foam properties. In this study, a synergistic enhancement strategy was proposed, based on the in situ mineralization with hydroxyapatite (HAP) layer onto the CNCs surface, followed by a chemical crosslinking reaction. The physical and chemical structures of the composites were analyzed with SEM, STEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. By controlling the amount of coated HAP and the crosslinker, it is possible to manufacture a series of CNCs-based foams that are lightweight (50-75 mg/cm3), highly porous (~90%) with high water absorption (>1300%) and outstanding mechanical strength properties (as high as 1.37 MPa). Moreover, our study further indicated that these CNCs/HAP materials could increase the proliferation of rat osteoblast cells. The method developed in this study presents a novel approach to design improved networked CNCs foam, which has the potential to be used in thermal-retardant material, wastewater treatment, tissue engineering, and personal care applications.
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17
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Zia I, Jolly R, Mirza S, Umar MS, Owais M, Shakir M. Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Fortified Xanthan Gum-Chitosan Based Polyelectrolyte Complex Scaffolds for Supporting the Osteo-Friendly Environment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7133-7146. [PMID: 35019373 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-reinforced polymer-based scaffolding matrices as artificial bone-implant materials are potential suitors for bone regenerative medicine as they simulate the native bone. In the present work, a series of bioinspired, osteoconductive tricomposite scaffolds made up of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) embedded xanthan gum-chitosan (XAN-CHI) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) are explored for their bone-regeneration potential. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed complex formation between XAN and CHI and showed strong interactions between the NHA and PEC matrix. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated regulation of the nanocomposite (NC) scaffold crystallinity by the physical cues of the PEC matrix. Further results exhibited that the XAN-CHI/NHA5 scaffold, with a 50/50 (polymer/NHA) ratio, has optimized porous structure, appropriate compressive properties, and sufficient swelling ability with slower degradation rates, which are far better than those of CHI/NHA and other XAN-CHI/NHA NC scaffolds. The simulated body fluid studies showed XAN-CHI/NHA5 generated apatite-like surface structures of a Ca/P ratio ∼1.66. Also, the in vitro cell-material interaction studies with MG-63 cells revealed that relative to the CHI/NHA NC scaffold, the cellular viability, attachment, and proliferation were better on XAN-CHI/NHA scaffold surfaces, with XAN-CHI/NHA5 specimens exhibiting an effective increment in cell spreading capacity compared to XAN-CHI/NHA4 and XAN-CHI/NHA6 specimens. The presence of an osteo-friendly environment is also indicated by enhanced alkaline phosphatase expression and protein adsorption ability. The higher expression of extracellular matrix proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteopontin, finally validated the induction of differentiation of MG-63 cells by tricomposite scaffolds. In summary, this study demonstrates that the formation of PEC between XAN and CHI and incorporation of NHA in XAN-CHI PEC developed tricomposite scaffolds with robust potential for use in bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Zia
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Reshma Jolly
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sumbul Mirza
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Saad Umar
- Molecular Immunology Group Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Molecular Immunology Group Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Shakir
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Kumar P, Saini M, Dehiya BS, Sindhu A, Kumar V, Kumar R, Lamberti L, Pruncu CI, Thakur R. Comprehensive Survey on Nanobiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2019. [PMID: 33066127 PMCID: PMC7601994 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important ideas ever produced by the application of materials science to the medical field is the notion of biomaterials. The nanostructured biomaterials play a crucial role in the development of new treatment strategies including not only the replacement of tissues and organs, but also repair and regeneration. They are designed to interact with damaged or injured tissues to induce regeneration, or as a forest for the production of laboratory tissues, so they must be micro-environmentally sensitive. The existing materials have many limitations, including impaired cell attachment, proliferation, and toxicity. Nanotechnology may open new avenues to bone tissue engineering by forming new assemblies similar in size and shape to the existing hierarchical bone structure. Organic and inorganic nanobiomaterials are increasingly used for bone tissue engineering applications because they may allow to overcome some of the current restrictions entailed by bone regeneration methods. This review covers the applications of different organic and inorganic nanobiomaterials in the field of hard tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India; (M.S.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Meenu Saini
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India; (M.S.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Brijnandan S. Dehiya
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India; (M.S.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Anil Sindhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (V.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Luciano Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Catalin I. Pruncu
- Department of Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rajesh Thakur
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (V.K.); (R.T.)
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19
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Wang Z, Hui A, Zhao H, Ye X, Zhang C, Wang A, Zhang C. A Novel 3D-bioprinted Porous Nano Attapulgite Scaffolds with Good Performance for Bone Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6945-6960. [PMID: 33061361 PMCID: PMC7520466 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural clay nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterial with great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, most notably for osteogenesis. Materials and Methods Herein, for the first time, novel tissue engineering scaffolds were prepared by 3D bioprinter using nontoxic and bioactive natural attapulgite (ATP) nanorods as starting materials, with polyvinyl alcohol as binder, and then sintered to obtain final scaffolds. The microscopic morphology and structure of ATP particles and scaffolds were observed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. In vitro biocompatibility and osteogenesis with osteogenic precursor cell (hBMSCs) were assayed using MTT method, Live/Dead cell staining, alizarin red staining and RT-PCR. In vivo bone regeneration was evaluated with micro-CT and histology analysis in rat cranium defect model. Results We successfully printed a novel porous nano-ATP scaffold designed with inner channels with a dimension of 500 µm and wall structures with a thickness of 330 µm. The porosity of current 3D-printed scaffolds ranges from 75% to 82% and the longitudinal compressive strength was up to 4.32±0.52 MPa. We found firstly that nano-ATP scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility for hBMSCscould upregulate the expression of osteogenesis-related genes bmp2 and runx2 and calcium deposits in vitro. Interestingly, micro-CT and histology analysis revealed abundant newly formed bone was observed along the defect margin, even above and within the 3D bioprinted porous ATP scaffolds in a rat cranial defect model. Furthermore, histology analysis demonstrated that bone was formed directly following a process similar to membranous ossification without any intermediate cartilage formation and that many newly formed blood vessels are within the pores of 3D-printed scaffolds at four and eight weeks. Conclusion These results suggest that the 3D-printed porous nano-ATP scaffolds are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering by osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Hui
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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20
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S H A, Mohan CC, P S U, Krishnan AG, Nair MB. Decellularization and oxidation process of bamboo stem enhance biodegradation and osteogenic differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111500. [PMID: 33321600 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many features that are appropriate for an ideal tissue engineered biomaterial are found in plant tissues. Hierarchically organized Bambusa vulgaris exhibits structural similarities to native bone, but the degradation of cellulose that is the main component of the plant cell wall is a challenge. In this study, Bamboo stem was subjected to decellularization followed by a chemical oxidation process (treated with sodium periodate) to enhance biocompatibility and biodegradation. The crystallinity of oxidised plant scaffolds was reduced, resulting in lower mechanical strength. In contrast, hydrophilicity was enhanced in those scaffolds. In vitro studies demonstrated better mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, viability, and osteogenic differentiation on oxidized scaffolds. Those scaffolds also induced angiogenesis, biocompatibility, and biodegradation when implanted subcutaneously in vivo. Hence, the present study demonstrated the usefulness of "oxidized decellularized plant" as bone scaffold for non-load-bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy S H
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Chandini C Mohan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Unnikrishnan P S
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Amit G Krishnan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Manitha B Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
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21
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Kanagasubbulakshmi S, Lakshmi K, Kadirvelu K. Carbon quantum dots-embedded electrospun antimicrobial and fluorescent scaffold for reepithelialization in albino wistar rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:637-648. [PMID: 32615012 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A prosthetic scaffold development using fluorescent nanofiber is reported for an enhanced reepithelialization in wistar albino rats. In this study, a novel approach was followed to construct the biocompatible fluorescent nanofiber that will be helpful to monitor the tissue regeneration process. Here, a multifunctional carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-embedded electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber was fabricated and characterized using standard laboratory techniques. The biodegradation ability was assessed by simulated body fluid thereby analyzing porosity and water absorption capacity of the material. The fluorescent scaffold was tested for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity using bacterial and fibroblast cells and fluorescent stability was analyzed by bioimaging of animal and bacterial cells. Tissue regeneration capability of the developed scaffold was evaluated using wistar albino rats. Unlike biomicking scaffolds, the CQDs-embedded PAN-based substrate has given dual support by enhancing reepithelialization without growth factors and acted as an antimicrobial agent to provide contamination free tissue regeneration. Scaffolds were examined by using histostaining techniques and scanning electron microscopy to observe the reepithelialization in the regenerated tissues. The novel approach for developing infection free soft tissue regeneration was found to be phenomenal in scaffold development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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22
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Zeng H, Pathak JL, Shi Y, Ran J, Liang L, Yan Q, Wu T, Fan Q, Li M, Bai Y. Indirect selective laser sintering-printed microporous biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold promotes endogenous bone regeneration via activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025032. [PMID: 32084655 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab78ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication technique determines the physicochemical and biological properties of scaffolds, including the porosity, mechanical strength, osteoconductivity, and bone regenerative potential. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-based scaffolds are superior in bone tissue engineering due to their suitable physicochemical and biological properties. We developed an indirect selective laser sintering (SLS) printing strategy to fabricate 3D microporous BCP scaffolds for bone tissue engineering purposes. The green part of the BCP scaffold was fabricated by SLS at a relevant low temperature in the presence of epoxy resin (EP), and the remaining EP was decomposed and eliminated by a subsequent sintering process to obtain the microporous BCP scaffolds. Physicochemical properties, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, in vitro osteogenic potential, and rabbit critical-size cranial bone defect healing potential of the scaffolds were extensively evaluated. This indirect SLS printing eliminated the drawbacks of conventional direct SLS printing at high working temperatures, i.e. wavy deformation of the scaffold, hydroxyapatite decomposition, and conversion of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) to α-TCP. Among the scaffolds printed with various binder ratios (by weight) of BCP and EP, the scaffold with 50/50 binder ratio (S4) showed the highest mechanical strength and porosity with the smallest pore size. Scaffold S4 showed the highest effect on osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells in vitro, and this effect was ERK1/2 signaling-dependent. Scaffold S4 robustly promoted precursor cell homing, endogenous bone regeneration, and vascularization in rabbit critical-size cranial defects. In conclusion, BCP scaffolds fabricated by indirect SLS printing maintain the physicochemical properties of BCP and possess the capacity to recruit host precursor cells to the defect site and promote endogenous bone regeneration possibly via the activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
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23
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Wang M, Wang X, Zhang K, Wu M, Wu Q, Liu J, Yang J, Zhang J. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Particle Brushes via Direct Initiator Tethering and Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Dual Responsive Pickering Emulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1192-1200. [PMID: 31955570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined polymer-grafted solid inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are imperative for practical applications in various fields based on the prerequisite of facile initiator immobilization. Direct atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator-tethered solid NPs are described using 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid as a tetherable initiator. To illustrate the versatility of the proposed strategy, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) nanocrystals (NCs) were selected to demonstrate the morphology-controlled synthesis of 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate (2-BrMP) group-immobilized n-HAP (n-HAP-Br) NCs. When water was employed as the sole solvent, the continually introduced 2-BrMP groups altered the surface hydrophobic capacity of the n-HAP-Br NC and thus led to unavoidable aggregation of n-HAP-Br NCs. The synthesis of individually dispersed n-HAP-Br NCs was achieved by rational adjusting polarity of the aqueous medium through adding a portion of water-miscible organic solvents. The type and concentration of added water-miscible organic solvents had critical effects on the morphology and particle size of n-HAP-Br NCs. To verify the efficiency of the tethered initiator, n-HAP-g-poly2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (n-HAP-g-PDMAEMA), n-HAP-g-polyacrylonitrile (n-HAP-g-PAN), and n-HAP-g-polymethyl methacrylate (n-HAP-g-PMMA) were fabricated by surface-initiated ATRP (SI-ATRP). Acting as a solid particle emulsifier, the designed n-HAP-g-PDMAEMA-stabilized Pickering emulsion displayed dual pH and temperature response with reversible behaviors. This work presents a versatile and simple way for the fabrication of initiator-immobilized solid NPs (e.g., n-HAP NCs, gibbsite nanoplatelets, and γ-FeOOH nanofibers) ready for polymer grafting and thus enables promising performance in widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Kangmin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Jiuyi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
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Chen J, Zhang T, Hua W, Li P, Wang X. 3D Porous poly(lactic acid)/regenerated cellulose composite scaffolds based on electrospun nanofibers for biomineralization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Aslam Khan MU, Raza MA, Mehboob H, Abdul Kadir MR, Abd Razak SI, Shah SA, Iqbal MZ, Amin R. Development and in vitro evaluation of κ-carrageenan based polymeric hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40529-40542. [PMID: 35520852 PMCID: PMC9057573 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent biocompatible and osteogenesis characteristics of porous scaffolds play a vital role in bone regeneration. In this study, we have synthesized polymeric hybrid nanocomposites via free-radical polymerization from carrageenan/acrylic-acid/graphene/hydroxyapatite. Porous hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated through a freeze-drying method to mimic the structural and chemical composition of natural bone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact-angle studies were carried-out for functional groups, surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the materials, followed by biodegradation and swelling analysis. The cell viability, cell culture and proliferation were evaluated against mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines using neutral red dye assay. The cell adherence and proliferation studies were determined by SEM. Physical characterization including optimum porosity and pore size (49.75% and 0.41 × 103 μm2), mechanical properties (compression strength 8.87 MPa and elastic modulus 442.63 MPa), swelling (70.20% at 27 °C and 77.21% at 37 °C) and biodegradation (23.8%) were performed. The results indicated CG-g-AAc-3 with a high optical density and better cell viability. Hence, CG-g-AAc-3 was found to be more efficient for bone regeneration with potential applications in fractured bone regeneration. The excellent biocompatible and osteogenesis characteristics of porous scaffolds play a vital role in bone regeneration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology
- University of the Punjab
- 54590 Lahore
- Pakistan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
| | - Mohsin Ali Raza
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- CEET
- University of the Punjab
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehboob
- Department of Engineering Management
- College of Engineering
- Prince Sultan University
- Riyadh 11586
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81300 Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81300 Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Saqlain A. Shah
- Materials Science Lab
- Department of Physics
- Forman Christian College (University)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahir Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences
- GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
- Pakistan
| | - Rashid Amin
- Department of Biology
- College of Sciences
- University of Hafr Al Batin
- 39524 Hafar Al-batin
- Saudi Arabia
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26
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Liu S, Zhou C, Mou S, Li J, Zhou M, Zeng Y, Luo C, Sun J, Wang Z, Xu W. Biocompatible graphene oxide–collagen composite aerogel for enhanced stiffness and in situ bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Qiao J, Zhao L, Liu L, Qi L. An l-glutaminase enzyme reactor based on porous bamboo sticks and its application in enzyme inhibitors screening. Talanta 2019; 205:120126. [PMID: 31450397 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the porous and fibrous structure of commercially available bamboo, herein we created an l-glutaminase enzyme reactor based on bamboo sticks. The enzyme was immobilized onto the bamboo sticks through a glutaraldehyde modification to achieve covalent bonding. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of the prepared l-glutaminase@bamboo sticks based porous enzyme reactor was evaluated by chiral ligand exchange capillary electrochromatography using l-glutamine as the substrate. l-glutaminase@bamboo exhibited improved enzymatic hydrolysis performances, including high hydrolysis efficiency (maximum rate Vmax: two fold higher than the free enzyme), prolonged stability (14 days) and good reusability. l-Glutaminase@bamboo sticks also expanded application capability in pharmaceutical industry in enzyme inhibitor screening. These excellent properties could be attributed to the micropores of bamboo sticks, which led to the fast enzymatic kinetics. The results suggest that the pores of bamboo sticks played an important role in the proposed enzyme reactor during the hydrolysis of l-glutamine and l-glutaminase inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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28
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Direct bromination of nano hydroxyapatite strategy towards particle brushes via surface-initiated ATRP for highly efficient heavy metal removal. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Wang J, Wang M, Chen F, Wei Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhu X, Tu C, Zhang X. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Coating Promotes Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramic-Induced Osteogenesis Via BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7987-8000. [PMID: 31632013 PMCID: PMC6781424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hierarchical porous structure and surface topography of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics have a crucial impact on their osteoinductivity. PURPOSE To fabricate a biomimetic bone graft with an interconnected porous structure analogous to that of trabecular bone and a bioactive nanostructured surface with excellent osteoinductive potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS A biphasic CaP (BCP) substrate with highly porous structure was fabricated by an improved sponge replication method. Surface modification was performed by uniformly depositing a hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle layer to create nHA-coated BCP scaffolds. The effects of these scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated in vitro, and their osteoinductivity was further assessed in vivo. RESULTS The BCP and nHA-coated BCP scaffolds had similar trabecular bone-like architectures but different surface structures, with mean grain sizes of ~55 nm and ~1 μm, respectively. Compared with the BCP substrate, the nHA-coated BCP scaffolds favored cell adhesion and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as evidenced by upregulated expression of osteogenic genes, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased osteocalcin production. This could be attributed to activation of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway, as significantly higher expression levels of BMPRI, Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 were observed in the nHA-coated BCP group. The nHA-coated BCP scaffold not only maintained scaffold integrity but also induced ectopic bone formation when implanted into rabbit dorsal muscle in vivo for 90 days, whereas the BCP substrate underwent marked biodegradation that led to severe inflammation with no sign of osteogenesis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the potential of this biomimetic bone graft with a trabecular framework and nanotopography for use in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menglu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihang Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Feng L, Hao Y, Zhu M, Zhai Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Cheng G. Incorporation of Laminarin-Based Hydrogel with Graphene Foam To Enhance the Toughness of Scaffold and Regulate the Stem Cell Behavior. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5295-5304. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Zhai
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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31
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Li G, Qin S, Zhang D, Liu X. Preparation of antibacterial degummed silk fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid composite scaffold by degummed silk fiber loaded silver nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:295101. [PMID: 30917342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab13df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an antibacterial degummed silk fiber (ADSF)/nano-hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (ADSF/nHA/PLA) porous scaffold with antibacterial properties was prepared by using degummed silk fiber (DSF) loaded with silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) as a reinforcing material. In the experiment, ADSF and nHA were used as the main variables to investigate the effect of the change of the composition ratio on the performance of the composite scaffold, and a composite scaffold with excellent performance was obtained. Firstly, the DSFs were treated with dopamine (DA) and the silver ions were reduced to Ag NPs using the strong reducibility of polydopamine (PDA) to prepare ADSF loaded with Ag NPs. Finally, ADSF/nHA/PLA composite scaffolds with antibacterial properties were prepared using ADSF as a reinforcing material. In addition, samples were found to have good mineralization capacity in in vitro mineralization experiments. At the same time, in cell culture and antibacterial experiments, ADSF/nHA/PLA scaffolds were found to have good bioactivity, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. All the results showed that the Ag NPs loaded DSF improved the performance of the nHA/PLA composite scaffold, while the ADSF/nHA/PLA had good bioactivity and antibacterial properties, making the antibacterial ADSF/nHA/PLA composite scaffold has a great potential for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Materials Science and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
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32
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A Novel Biodegradable Multilayered Bioengineered Vascular Construct with a Curved Structure and Multi-Branches. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040275. [PMID: 31022873 PMCID: PMC6523450 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Constructing tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) is of great significance for cardiovascular research. However, most of the fabrication techniques are unable to construct TEVG with a bifurcated and curved structure. This paper presents multilayered biodegradable TEVGs with a curved structure and multi-branches. The technique combined 3D printed molds and casting hydrogel and sacrificial material to create vessel-mimicking constructs with customizable structural parameters. Compared with other fabrication methods, the proposed technique can create more native-like 3D geometries. The diameter and wall thickness of the fabricated constructs can be independently controlled, providing a feasible approach for TEVG construction. Enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin was used as the material of the constructs. The mechanical properties and thermostability of the constructs were evaluated. Fluid-structure interaction simulations were conducted to examine the displacement of the construct’s wall when blood flows through it. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded on the inner channel of the constructs and cultured for 72 h. The cell morphology was assessed. The results showed that the proposed technique had good application potentials, and will hopefully provide a novel technological approach for constructing integrated vasculature for tissue engineering.
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33
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Wang JQ, Jiang BJ, Guo WJ, Zhao YM. Indirect 3D printing technology for the fabrication of customised β-TCP/chitosan scaffold with the shape of rabbit radial head-an in vitro study. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:102. [PMID: 30975173 PMCID: PMC6460811 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the development of indirect three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, it is possible to customise individual scaffolds to be used in bone transplantation and regeneration. In addition, materials previously limited to the 3D printing (3DP) process due to their own characteristics can also be used well in indirect 3DP. In this study, customised β-TCP/chitosan scaffolds with the shape of rabbit radial head were produced by indirect 3D printing technology. Methods Swelling ability, porosity, mechanical characterisation, and degradation rate analysis were performed, and in vitro studies were also implemented to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the scaffolds. CCK8 cell proliferation assay kit and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining solution were used to study cell proliferation and early ALP content at the scaffold surface. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on scaffolds was also evaluated through the scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results β-TCP/chitosan scaffold has good performance and degradation rate, and in vitro cell experiments also confirm that the scaffold has adequate cytocompatibility and bioactivity. Conclusion This study provides a promising new strategy for the design of customised scaffolds for the repair of complex damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Ming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109# Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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34
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Chahkandi M, Amiri A, Arami SRS. Extraction and preconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides from water samples and fruit juices utilizing hydroxyapatite/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Zhu B, Xu W, Liu J, Ding J, Chen X. Osteoinductive Agents-Incorporated Three-Dimensional Biphasic Polymer Scaffold for Synergistic Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:986-995. [PMID: 33405789 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale bone defects are difficult to be regenerated entirely in the clinical practice. Bone tissue engineering has drawn more attention as an alternative to bone grafting owing to its convenience and flexibility. However, the low bioactivity of scaffolds and adverse effects of growth factors have hindered its practical application. Herein, the properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold, including hydrophilicity and mechanical strength, were improved by a gelatin coating incorporated with two small molecules, alendronate (ALD) and naringin (NG). Interestingly, these two drugs demonstrated a synergistic effect for the repair of rat calvarial defect, as ALD had an inhibitory impact on osteoclast activity and NG had an osteogenic effect on mesenchymal stem cells. From the results of histopathological staining and microcomputed tomography, the PLGA scaffold incorporated with gelatin, ALD, and NG (PLGA+Gelatin/ALD/NG) almost completely repaired the rat calvarial defect with physiological integrity at 16 weeks. In all, this biphasic scaffold can be a promising alternative to the conventional scaffold for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Zhu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130041, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
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36
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Liu S, Mou S, Zhou C, Guo L, Zhong A, Yang J, Yuan Q, Wang J, Sun J, Wang Z. Off-the-Shelf Biomimetic Graphene Oxide-Collagen Hybrid Scaffolds Wrapped with Osteoinductive Extracellular Matrix for the Repair of Cranial Defects in Rats. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42948-42958. [PMID: 30421913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels such as type I collagen (COL) have been widely studied in bone tissue repair, whereas their weak mechanical strength has limited their clinical application. By adding graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, researchers have successfully improved the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the hydrogels. However, for large bone defects, the osteoinductive and cell adhesion ability of the GO hybrid hydrogels need to be improved. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secreted extracellular matrix (ECM), which is an intricate network, could provide a biomimetic microenvironment and functional molecules that enhance the cell proliferation and survival rate. To synergize the advantages of MSC-ECM with GO-COL hybrid implants, we developed a novel ECM scaffold construction method. First, an osteoinductive extracellular matrix (OiECM) was created by culturing osteodifferentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for 21 days. Then, the GO-COL scaffold was fully wrapped with the OiECM to construct the OiECM-GO-COL composite for implantation. The morphology, physical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic performance of the OiECM-GO-COL implants were assessed in vitro and in vivo (5 mm rat cranial defect model). Both gene expression and cell level assessments suggested that the BMSCs cultured on OiECM-GO-COL implants had a higher proliferation rate and osteogenic ability compared to the COL or GO-COL groups. In vivo results showed that the OiECM-GO-COL implants achieved better repair effects in a rat critical cranial defect model, whereas bone formation in other groups was limited. This study provides a promising strategy, which greatly improves the osteogenic ability and biocompatibility of the GO hydrogels without the procedure of seeding and culturing MSCs on scaffolds in vitro, demonstrating its potential as an off-the-shelf method for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokai Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Chuchao Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Jiecong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue , Wuhan 430022 , China
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Yin HM, Li X, Wang P, Ren Y, Liu W, Xu JZ, Li JH, Li ZM. Role of HA and BG in engineering poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds for accelerating cranial bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:654-662. [PMID: 30474348 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of varied bioactive fillers on the biological behavior of porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds are lack of comprehensive comparison and remain elusive. Moreover, composite scaffolds with high porosity suffer from inferior mechanical performance. Herein, high-pressure molding and salt leaching were employed to prepare poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composite porous scaffolds loaded with hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glass (BG), respectively. Structural analysis indicated all the porous scaffolds presented interconnected open-pore structure with the porosity of ~87% and pore size of ~180 μm, hinging on the amounts and size of porogen. Compared to PCL/HA scaffolds, PCL/BG scaffolds showed ~2.3-fold augment in the water absorption. Attributing to the compact framework, the PCL/HA and PCL/BG porous scaffolds exhibited outstanding compressive modulus, which was notably higher than other PCL composite porous scaffolds reported in literatures. Cells culture results demonstrated that PCL/BG scaffolds displayed higher expression of osteogenic differentiation than PCL and PCL/HA scaffolds. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that more mature bone was formed within PCL/BG scaffolds than PCL/HA scaffolds, manifesting that the introduction of BG accelerated cranial bone regeneration to obtain complete bone healing within a short time. Therefore, these data indicate that PCL/BG scaffolds are more competitive for bone tissue engineering application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 654-662, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Mo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ji-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Jahangirian H, Lemraski EG, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Webster TJ. A review of using green chemistry methods for biomaterials in tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5953-5969. [PMID: 30323585 PMCID: PMC6177385 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although environmentally safe, or green, technologies have revolutionized other fields (such as consumables, automobiles, etc.), its use in biomaterials is still at its infancy. However, in the few cases in which safe manufacturing technology and materials have been implemented to prevent postpollution and reduce the consumption of synthesized scaffold (such as bone, cartilage, blood cell, nerve, skin, and muscle) has had a significant impact on different applications of tissue engineering. In the present research, we report the use of biological materials as templates for preparing different kinds of tissues and the application of safe green methods in tissue engineering technology. These include green methods for bone and tissue engineering-based biomaterials, which have received the greatest amount of citations in recent years. Thoughts on what is needed for this field to grow are also critically included. In this paper, the impending applications of safe, ecofriendly materials and green methods in tissue engineering have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | | | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
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Physical Crosslinked Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Thermosensitive Composite Hydrogels. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Chen K, Hu X, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Fan Y. In vitro and in vivo assessment of nanostructured porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for promoting osteogenesis in an osteoporotic environment. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14646-14653. [PMID: 35540770 PMCID: PMC9079917 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects in osteoporotic patients with bone substitutes is difficult, due to insufficient osseointegration. The development of appropriate biomaterials to solve the problem requires the assessment of the material performance in an osteoporotic environment, which is rarely investigated. Herein, nanostructured biphasic calcium phosphate (nBCP) ceramics were prepared via the incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) into porous biphasic CaP (BCP) substrates, leading to an increase of over 500% in the specific surface area. Primary osteoblasts harvested from osteoporotic rats were cultured on the nBCP ceramics, and it was found that the osteoblast functions, including proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion and expression of osteogenic genes, were significantly enhanced compared with osteoblasts grown on non-nanostructured BCP ceramics. To further assess the osteoinduction ability, the ceramics were implanted in the femur of osteoporotic rats. Compared to the rats implanted with non-nanostructured BCP ceramics, a higher amount of mechanically matured bone was newly formed in the rats with nBCP ceramics after 6 weeks of implantation. Such enhanced osteoinduction ability of the nBCP ceramics may be due to the incorporated HANPs, as well as the nanostructured topography induced by the HANPs. These results indicate good in vitro and in vivo osteoinductivity of the nBCP ceramics in an osteoporotic environment and offer potential benefits for treating bone defects in osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Kelei Chen
- Zenmindes Biotech Co. Ltd B2, CAS, No 9 4th Section of South Renmin Road Chengdu China +86-28-85410246 +86-28-85417654
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
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