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Roy TR, Nelogi S, Chowdhary R, Naik VV, Peter M, Santhosh VN. Influence of chitosan and Cissus quandrangularis coating on osseointegration in titanium implants in rabbits: A preclinical in vivo study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 125:101727. [PMID: 38065438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium (Ti) implants has been criticized for the tiring wait for osseointegration, often making the patient reconsider implant treatment. Surface treated Ti implants are emerging as a promising solution with superior osseointegration, early loading protocols and shortened period of edentulousness. The aim of this study is to assess the osseointegration of Ti surface coated with novel Cissus quandrangularis Chitosan Hydrogel (CqChH) compared to Commercially pure (Cp) implants. METHODS 24 Cp Ti implants were divided into 2 subgroups (n = 12). The test group consisted of Ti implants surface treated with the novel hydrogel and control group consisted of Cp Ti implants. 3 % CqChH was prepared and was coated on the Ti implants prior to placement in the femur and tibial heads of rabbits. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was recorded at the 6th and 12th week. Animals were sacrificed and subjected to Removal Torque Quotient (RTQ). The samples were retrieved en bloc and stained for histopathologic analysis. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using Unpaired student t-Test. RESULTS At the end of 6th week CqChH coated implants did not show any statistically significant difference in both ISQ and RTQ values compared to Cp ones. However, at the end of the 12th week CqChH coated implants demonstrated significantly higher ISQ (73.91 ± 4.39) and RTQ (75.96 ± 14.10) compared to Cp ones. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the novel hydrogel coating applied to the implant's surface exhibited not only enhanced bone regeneration but also elicited a new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treasa Richa Roy
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Santosh Nelogi
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shri Sidhartha Dental College and Hospital Tumakuru, India
| | - Veena V Naik
- Department of Oral Pathology, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Meekha Peter
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Varkey Nadakkavukaran Santhosh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi 590010, India.
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Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta P, Nüssler AK, Kumar A. Establishing the Callus-Based Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Cissus quadrangularis and Elucidating Their Role in Osteogenic Differentiation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:540. [PMID: 37998109 PMCID: PMC10671962 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vehicles secreted by all live cells to establish communication with adjacent cells. In recent years, mammalian EVs (MEVs) have been widely investigated for their therapeutic implications in human disease conditions. As the understanding of MEV composition and nature is advancing, scientists are constantly exploring alternatives for EV production with similar therapeutic potential. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PDEVs) may be a better substitute for MEVs because of their widespread sources, cost-effectiveness, and ease of access. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), known as "bone setter or Hadjod", is a perennial plant utilized for its osteogenic potential. Its crude powder extract formulations are widely used as tablets and syrups. The present work elucidates the isolation of exosome-like nanovesicles (henceforth exosomes) from the culture supernatants of an in vitro cultured callus tissue derived from CQ. The physical and biological properties of the exosomes were successfully investigated using different characterization techniques. The therapeutic potential of the CQ exosomes was found to ameliorate the wound scratch injury and oxidative stress conditions in human-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the pre-osteoblast (MC3T3) cell line. These exosomes also induced the proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs, as observed by alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings may serve as a proof of concept for further investigating the CQ exosomes as a nanocarrier for drug molecules in various therapeutic bone applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; (R.G.)
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; (R.G.)
| | - Purva Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; (R.G.)
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; (R.G.)
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre of Excellence in Orthopaedics and Prosthetics, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
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Gracias S, Ayyanar M, Peramaiyan G, Kalaskar M, Redasani V, Gurav N, Nadaf S, Deshpande M, Bhole R, Khan MS, Chikhale R, Gurav S. Fabrication of chitosan nanocomposites loaded with biosynthetic metallic nanoparticles and their therapeutic investigation. Environ Res 2023; 234:116609. [PMID: 37437861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The present research demonstrates the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles facilitated by Cissus quadrangularis (CQ-ZnONPs) and subsequent synthesis of chitosan-conjugated nanocomposites (CQ-CS/ZnONCs) along with their biological assessment. The biosynthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites were physicochemically characterized and therapeutically assessed for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential. The formation of CQ-ZnONPs and CQ-CS/ZnONCs was preliminarily validated by the change in color and subsequently by UV-visible spectroscopic analysis. The crystalline peaks associated with the CQ-ZnONPs in CQ-CS/ZnONCs were established by XRD analysis. Morphological evaluation of CQ-ZnONPs and CQ-CS/ZnONCs was carried out through FE-SEM and HRTEM studies. The particle size of the CQ-ZnONPs and CQ-CS/ZnONCs was 243.3 nm and 176.6 nm, with a PDI of 0.188 and 0.199, respectively. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites expressed Zeta potential of -15.7 mV and -16.2 mV, respectively. The CQ-ZnONPs and CQ-CS/ZnONCs showed good radical effectiveness with various in-vitro assays. The formulated nanoparticles and nanocomposites displayed significant antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial pathogens. CQ-CS/ZnONCs presented noteworthy α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects compared to CQ-ZnONPs with IC50 of 73.66 ± 1.21 μg/mL and 87.59 ± 1.29 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the synthesized CQ-CS/ZnONCs demonstrated 98.92 ± 0.39% and 99.58 ± 0.16% wound contraction (at 7 and 14 mg, respectively), significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the standard and CQ-ZnONPs. Thus, the CQ-ZnONPs and CQ-CS/ZnONCs could effectively develop promising drug delivery systems to inhibit pathogens and chronic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavika Gracias
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa, 403 001, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), 613 503, India
| | - Gangapriya Peramaiyan
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), 613 503, India
| | - Mohan Kalaskar
- R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Vivek Redasani
- Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara, Maharashtra, 415 011, India
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Sameer Nadaf
- Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, Mahagao, 416 503, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mangirish Deshpande
- PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Ritesh Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa, 403 001, India.
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Guemmogne Temdie RJ, Ymele Chiogo Vouffo E, Tietcheu Galani BR, Dabole Ladane B, Bianzoumbe J, Kuum Minoue MG, Ntchapda F, Dimo T. Potential Curative Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2023; 99:100716. [PMID: 37869400 PMCID: PMC10587700 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen-induced liver injury remains a significant public health problem because available treatments are limited due to their adverse effects. Medicinal plants, which are an important source of bioactive molecules, could be an alternative treatment for liver disease. Objective This study was designed to investigate the curative effect of aqueous extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Methods Mice were divided into groups and treated with distilled water, silymarin (50 mg/kg), a reference hepatoprotective agent, and aqueous extracts of C quadrangularis and J gossypiifolia (50 and 100 mg/kg, PO, respectively). These substances were given as a single daily dose 4 hours after acetaminophen administration (300 mg/kg, PO) for 2 days. Mice were humanely put to death 24 hours after the last dose and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, total bilirubin and protein levels, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and nitrite tissue levels were assessed. Histology of the livers of the mice was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Acetaminophen administration induced a significant (P < 0.05) mean (SEM) body weight loss (-14.45% [5.92%]), a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity (15.08%), total protein and bilirubin levels (25.80%), and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in liver superoxide dismutase (67.71%), catalase (63.00%), glutathione (40.29%), malondialdehyde (30.67%), and nitrite levels compared with the control group. In curative treatment, C quadrangularis and J gossypiifolia (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mean (SEM) body weight loss (16.67% [7.16%] and 1.25% [0.51%], respectively), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (17.62% and 11.14%, respectively), bilirubin level (29.62% and 49.14%, respectively) compared with acetaminophen group, and J gossypiifolia normalized serum total protein level. Both extracts significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde and normalized that of nitrite, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared with the acetaminophen group. Hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were remarkably reduced by the plant extracts. Conclusions The results obtained are evidence in favor of the development of a formulation based on the extracts of these plants against liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwige Ymele Chiogo Vouffo
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, USA
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bertrand Dabole Ladane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Derived Products, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Josee Bianzoumbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Marc Germain Kuum Minoue
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Human Social Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fidèle Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Theophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Lakthan T, Limpachayaporn P, Rayanil KO, Charoenpanich P, Phuangbubpha P, Charoenpanich A. Lupenone-Rich Fraction Derived from Cissus quadrangularis L. Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1724. [PMID: 37629581 PMCID: PMC10455188 DOI: 10.3390/life13081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis L. (CQ) has potential as a therapeutic for managing obesity and balancing metabolic activity, but the main bioactive compound and regulatory mechanism remain unknown. Herein, the CQ hexane extract was fractionated into 30 fractions (CQ-H) using flash column chromatography and analyzed using thin-layer chromatography. The direct antiadipogenesis effect of CQ-H fractions was tested on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lupenone-rich fractions 2H and 3H were identified as containing potent antiadipogenesis agents that reduced differentiated cell numbers and intracellular lipid droplet size. Although the overall mitochondrial density remained unchanged, differentiated cells exhibited a higher mitochondrial density than that in non-differentiated cells. Additionally, 2H increased mitochondrial activity in both cell types as shown by their differentiation and lipid formation stages. Lupenone was isolated from 2H (Lu-CQ) and shown to dose-dependently inhibit adipogenesis, with 2H being more potent than Lu-CQ. Lu-CQ and 2H downregulated the expression of Pparg2 mRNA and upregulated that of glucose transporter genes, Slc2a1 and Slc2a4. Lu-CQ and 2H induced increased glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. These findings suggest that lupenone-rich fractions in CQ contribute to balancing metabolic activity and reducing adipose tissue formation. Further exploration of CQ and its components may prompt innovative strategies for managing obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Lakthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Panupun Limpachayaporn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.L.); (K.-o.R.)
| | - Kanok-on Rayanil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.L.); (K.-o.R.)
| | - Pornsri Charoenpanich
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Pornwipa Phuangbubpha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
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Payani S, Bhaskar M, Kumar GS, Pradeepkiran JA. A study on antimicrobial and anticancer properties of Cissus quadrangulris using lung cancer cell line. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100732. [PMID: 37379774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis plant from Vitaceae family, native in India. Many parts of this plant have medicinal values but most precious is stem of this plant. In past years number of studies reported their activities and secondary metabolites in Cissus quadrangularis plant and their pharmacological activities and uses in traditional medicine system. It is reported to possess excellent medicinal properties and potent fracture healing properties, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antioxidative, cholinergic activity and beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases, possesses antiulcer and cytoprotective property in indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, cell viability and in vitro anticancer activity of a potential of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against A549 human lung cancer cell line. The disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract and showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activity against various microorganisms. Results have shown that Stem methanolic extract induced a significant decrease of tumour cell viability. The cell viability assay clearly showed that the cells treated with Cissus quadrangularis methanolic extract has significantly reduced the lung cancer cell viability in a dose dependant manner. The stem methanolic extract was tested for the in vitro antiproliferative potential on A549 human lung cancer cell line using different concentrations, namely 1000, 62.5 and 7.8 µg/ml. We observed the IC50 dose at 65.2 μg/ml concentration. In cell culture A549 cells treated with Cissus quadrangularis stem methanolic extract in 24 h the cells growth is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholapuri Payani
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Matcha Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Gandham Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Deapartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University of Health Science Centre, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
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Gupta A, Kumar Mehta S, Qayoom I, Gupta S, Singh S, Kumar A. Biofunctionalization with Cissus quadrangularis Phytobioactives Accentuates Nano-Hydroxyapatite Based Ceramic Nano-Cement for Neo-Bone Formation in Critical Sized Bone Defect. Int J Pharm 2023:123110. [PMID: 37302672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing biofunctionalized ceramic bone substitutes with phytobioactives for their sustained delivery is highly desired to enhance the osteo-active potential of ceramic bone substitutes, reduce the systemic toxicity of synthetic drugs, and increase the bioavailability of phytobioactives. The present work highlights the local delivery of phytobioactives of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) through nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) based ceramic nano-cement. The phytoconstituent profiling represented the optimized CQ fraction to be rich in osteogenic polyphenols and flavonoids like quercetin, resveratrol, and their glucosides. Further, CQ phytobioactives-based formulation was biocompatible, increased bone formation, calcium deposition, proliferation, and migration of cells with simultaneous alleviation of cellular oxidative stress. In the in vivo critical-sized bone defect model, enhanced formation of highly mineralized tissue (BV mm3) in CQ phytobioactives functionalized nano-cement (10.5 ± 2 mm3) were observed compared to the control group (6.5 ± 1.2 mm3). Moreover, the addition of CQ phytobioactives to the bone nano-cement increased the fractional bone volume (BV/TV%) to 21 ± 4.2% compared to 13.1 ± 2.5% in non-functionalized nano-cement. The results demonstrated nHAP-based nano-cement as a carrier for phytobioactives which could be a promising approach for neo-bone formation in different bone defect conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Dadge SD, Syed AA, Husain A, Valicherla GR, Gayen JR. Simultaneous Estimation of Quercetin and trans-Resveratrol in Cissus quadrangularis Extract in Rat Serum Using Validated LC-MS/MS Method: Application to Pharmacokinetic and Stability Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:4656. [PMID: 37375211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis is a nutrient-rich plant with a history of use in traditional medicine. It boasts a diverse range of polyphenols, including quercetin, resveratrol, β-sitosterol, myricetin, and other compounds. We developed and validated a sensitive LC-MS/MS method to quantify quercetin and t-res biomarkers in rat serum and applied this method to pharmacokinetic and stability studies. The mass spectrometer was set to negative ionization mode for the quantification of quercetin and t-res. Phenomenex Luna (C18(2), 100 A, 75 × 4.6 mm, 3 µ) column was utilized to separate the analytes using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water (82:18). Validation of the method was performed using various parameters, including linearity, specificity, accuracy, stability, intra-day, inter-day precision, and the matrix effect. There was no observed significant endogenous interference from the blank serum. The analysis was completed within 5.0 min for each run, and the lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. The calibration curves showed a linear range with a high correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.99). The precision for intra- and inter-day assays showed relative standard deviations from 3.32% to 8.86% and 4.35% to 9.61%, respectively. The analytes in rat serum were stable during bench-top, freeze-thaw, and autosampler (-4 °C) stability studies. After oral administration, the analytes showed rapid absorption but underwent metabolism in rat liver microsomes despite being stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Intragastric administration resulted in higher absorption of quercetin and t-res, with greater Cmax, shorter half-life, and improved elimination. No prior research has been conducted on the oral pharmacokinetics and stability of anti-diabetic compounds in the Ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis EECQ, making this the first report. Our findings can provide the knowledge of EECQ's bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic properties which is useful for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh D Dadge
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
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Aziz MA, Millat MS, Akter T, Hossain MS, Islam MM, Mohsin S, Ansari F, Kabir A, Amin MN, Islam MS. A comprehensive review on clinically proven medicinal plants in the treatment of overweight and obesity, with mechanistic insights. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13493. [PMID: 36816319 PMCID: PMC9929289 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Obesity has become a global health issue, more precisely, a pandemic throughout the present world due to its high prevalence in the recent era. Increased risk of morbidity and mortality in obese patients can be attributed to its association with the development of different life-threatening conditions. Plants are considered one of the most important sources of bioactive molecules which are used against a wide range of health disorders. This systematic review explores the efficacy as well as the safety profile of commonly used medicinal plants in the management of obesity that may help people to maintain a healthy weight. Methods This review is based on comprehensive literature searches from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords- "plants in obesity", "plants used in weight reduction" or keywords that are similar to those. Medicinal plants which have been clinically proven for their anti-obesity effect have only been selected for this study and attempts to investigate beneficial effects and adverse effects along with their mechanism of action have also been taken in this review. Results A significant reduction of weight in both human and other animals are exhibited by the extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris, green coffee, Yerba Mate, green tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and the combination of Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis. All of those plant extracts seemed to work on different physiological pathways and none of those extracts showed any notable adverse effects in human or animal models. Conclusion Our review suggests that the discussed medicinal plants are effective in reducing the weight of obese patients without causing notable adverse reactions. Although further study is necessary to confirm their exact molecular mechanism and safety in human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Mohsin
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Farzana Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Health Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh.
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10
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Azam Z, Sapra L, Baghel K, Sinha N, Gupta RK, Soni V, Saini C, Mishra PK, Srivastava RK. Cissus quadrangularis (Hadjod) Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Augments Bone Health in an Estrogen-Deficient Preclinical Model of Osteoporosis Via Modulating the Host Osteoimmune System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020216. [PMID: 36672152 PMCID: PMC9857034 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mineral density (BMD), degeneration of bone micro-architecture, and impaired bone strength. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), popularly known as Hadjod (bone setter) in Hindi, is a traditional medicinal herb exhibiting osteoprotective potential in various bone diseases, especially osteoporosis and fractures. However, the cellular mechanisms underpinning its direct effect on bone health through altering the host immune system have never been elucidated. In the present study, we interrogated the osteoprotective and immunoporotic (the osteoprotective potential of CQ via modulating the host immune system) potential of CQ in preventing inflammatory bone loss under oestrogen-deficient conditions. The current study outlines the CQ's osteoprotective potential under both ex vivo and in vivo (ovariectomized) conditions. Our ex vivo data demonstrated that, in a dose-dependent manner CQ, suppresses the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis (p < 0.001) as well as inhibiting the osteoclast functional activity (p < 0.001) in mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs). Our in vivo µ-CT and flow cytometry data further showed that CQ administration improves bone health and preserves bone micro-architecture by markedly raising the proportion of anti-osteoclastogenic immune cells, such as Th1 (p < 0.05), Th2 (p < 0.05), Tregs (p < 0.05), and Bregs (p < 0.01), while concurrently lowering the osteoclastogenic Th17 cells in bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen in comparison to the control group. Serum cytokine analysis further supported the osteoprotective and immunoporotic potential of CQ, showing a significant increase in the levels of anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines (p < 0.05) (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10) and a concurrent decrease in the levels of osteoclastogenic cytokines (p < 0.05) (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17). In conclusion, our data for the first time delineates the novel cellular and immunological mechanism of the osteoprotective potential of CQ under postmenopausal osteoporotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar Azam
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Sagar 470003, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kalpana Baghel
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Sagar 470003, India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Drug Development Laboratory, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, India
| | - Rajesh K. Gupta
- Drug Development Laboratory, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, India
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, India
| | - Chaman Saini
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-1126593548
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11
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Kalleti N, Husain A, Singh P, Rath SK, Gayen JR. Evaluation of mutagenic, cytotoxic, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptotic activity, and acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis. Toxicology 2023; 483:153373. [PMID: 36370889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on exploring the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis extract (EECQ) against various metabolic disorders involving the liver as the prime target organ, suggesting a considerable threat of hepatotoxicity in the person encountering it. Consequently, the current study was aimed to unravel the mutagenic, cytotoxic, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells, and acute toxicity of EECQ. MTT, SRB, trypan blue dye exclusion, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were performed in HepG2 cell lines to determine the cytotoxicity of the extract. The mutagenic potential was determined by the Ames test using various strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Acute toxicity was done at a dose of 2000 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats. MTT and SRB cytotoxicity assays demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity of extract. The three highest noncytotoxic doses from the above assay, investigated by trypan blue dye exclusion and LDH assay, did not reveal cytotoxicity. Besides, mitochondrial dysfunction was determined by measuring cellular and mitochondrial ROS, ATP, NAD, mitochondrial membrane potential, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and apoptosis-inducing factor, were found to be equivalent in both extract exposed and unexposed cells. Moreover, the apoptotic cell morphology and the expression of pro-apoptotic mRNAs and proteins were equivalent in both the group. In acute toxicity, EECQ in rats did not cause any significant change in body weight, liver index, and liver function test. All-encompassing, the present study unraveled that EECQ is not mutagenic, cytotoxic, nor apoptotic in human hepatic cells, as well as neither acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Navodayam Kalleti
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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12
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Sairaman S, Nivedhitha MS, Shrivastava D, Al Onazi MA, Algarni HA, Mustafa M, Alqahtani AR, AlQahtani N, Teja KV, Janani K, Eswaramoorthy R, Sudhakar MP, Alam MK, Srivastava KC. Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:377. [PMID: 36064680 PMCID: PMC9442992 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past years, polysaccharide-based scaffolds have emerged as the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of this novel material.
Methods The present in vitro study comprised of four study groups each constituting a sample of 15 with a total sample size of sixty (n = 60). The carrageenan hydrogel devoid of Cissus quadrangularis acted as the control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, whereas the biocompatibility test was performed using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The microstructure and surface morphology of the hydrogel samples containing different concentrations of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract was investigated using SEM. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22.
Results A significant difference (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups. Group III reported the highest activity, whereas the control group showed the least antioxidant activity. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. While assessing the biocompatibility, a significant (P < 0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed with the increasing concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis. SEM analysis in group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area. Conclusion Keeping the limitations of in vitro study, it can be assumed that a carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide a favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sairaman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Nivedhitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Periodontics, Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Meshal Aber Al Onazi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hmoud Ali Algarni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Robaian Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf AlQahtani
- Dental Department, FM & PHC, NGHA-CR, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mamata Institute of Dental Sciences, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana state, 500090, India
| | - Krishnamachari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M P Sudhakar
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Department of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Shafiq M, Kumariya S, Katekar R, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Cissus quadrangularis extract mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RAAS activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Biomarkers 2022; 27:743-752. [PMID: 35896310 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an age-related disease, and its progression is accompanied by hyperglycemia, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial structural and functional abnormalities. Cissus quadrangularis, a traditional medicinal plant, contains polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid. It is used to treat osteoporosis, asthma, haemorrhoids, and menstrual disorders. In the current research, we have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) against a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin-induced DCM by estimating cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory markers and ROS production.Material and methodsRats were fed with an HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single-shot low-dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg; i.p.). The treatment was performed by EECQ (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for six weeks. ResultsThe extract EECQ improves glucose, insulin tolerance tests, and hypercholesteremia. DCM is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, cardiac biomarkers CKMB, and LDH, which were attenuated by the EECQ treatment. The hypertrophic biomarker ANP, BNP expression and cardiomyocyte surface area were decreased by EECQ. Moreover, EECQ also alleviated the biomarkers Angiotensin II and renin level. EECQ also reduced oxidative stress, ROS production and cardiac inflammation.ConclusionThus, these findings suggested that EECQ could be used as a possible therapeutic regiment to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
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14
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Singh P, Husain A, Dadge S, Gayen JR. Polyphenolic-rich Cissus quadrangularis extract ameliorates insulin resistance by activating AdipoR1 in peri-/post-menopausal rats. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111681. [PMID: 34973346 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant complication in menopausal women, which predisposes them to cardiovascular disorder, obesity, and diabetes. Cissus quadrangularis is a polyphenolic plant rich in nutrients and is used as an edible vegetable in Nigeria. Previously, we investigated that C. quadrangularis extract (EECQ) treatment ameliorates IR, hyperlipidemia, and overweight in diabetic rats. Accordingly, in the current study, we further evaluated the adiponectin mimetic activity of EECQ in peri-/post-menopausal rats. Perimenopause was induced by High-fat diet/4-vinylcyclohexenediepoxide/(HFD-VCD), while postmenopause was by HFD/bilateral ovariectomy (HFD-OVX). Both the menopausal rats demonstrated an abnormal level of sex hormones, IR, hyperlipidemia, increased fat mass, and abnormal weight gain. Nevertheless, EECQ treated group revealed protection from these untoward complications. Furthermore, the docking score of major constituents of EECQ on adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) depicted a strong binding affinity, which was comparable to the ligand adipoRon. Besides, AdipoR1 expression determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry was downregulated in peri-/post-menopausal rats. Similarly, the expression of AdipoR1 downstream marker APPL1 and insulin sensitivity markers, including IRS1, Akt1, and GLUT4, were also dysregulated in menopausal rats. However, EECQ treated rats manifested restoration of normal expression of APPL1, IRS1, Akt1, and GLUT4 by upregulating AdipoR1. Altogether, the current study promulgated the adiponectin mimetic activity of EECQ, which is substantial to mitigate IR in menopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Bafna PS, Patil PH, Maru SK, Mutha RE. Cissus quadrangularis L: A comprehensive multidisciplinary review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:114355. [PMID: 34181958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cissus quadrangularis L. is a perennial herb of the Vitaceae family and is utilized comprehensively as a medicinal herb in most tropical regions by various names. This herb is documented to possess a wide-ranging ethnomedicinal uses in malaria, fever, epilepsy, gout, piles, skin diseases, colic, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: A organized summary of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, available marketed formulations and filed patents were presented to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS For a review of the literature, various databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus etc. From, total 408 records of this herb, we have screened 155 articles consist of desired information and available as full text. Present manuscript is structured from comprehensive information on this herb from screened 155 records. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List". RESULTS Phytochemical assessment as a whole indicated the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, iridoids, stilbenes, vitamins, steroids, and glycosides. A toxicity study revealed that its LD50 value is above 3000 mg/kg in animals indicating its safety. A variety of pharmacological studies of aerial parts of this herb by different extracts have demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-osteoporotic activity and other bone-related disorders to justify its name as Hadjod. Still, the herb has been utilized in clinical practice and several patents were filed in India and US for its antiosteoporotic property. CONCLUSION The studies on Cissus quadrangularis Linn. are extensive, but gaps still remain. The molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of these components needs to be further elucidated. These findings suggest the need for further research on this herb for the management of several other chronic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush S Bafna
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payal H Patil
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh K Maru
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh E Mutha
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India.
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16
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Syed AA, Shafiq M, Reza MI, Bharati P, Husain A, Singh P, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis improves vasoreactivity by modulation of eNOS expression and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 44:63-71. [PMID: 34648416 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1991942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is related to the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and plays a significant role in developing hypertension. The intake of a diet rich in antioxidants decreases the threat of hypertension. Cissus quadrangularis possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic activities. However, to date, no studies have been performed to explore this plant's antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. Herein, we investigated the chronic effect of C. quadrangularis on blood pressure as well as vascular function in hypertensive rats. METHODS Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into two groups. Normotensive Wistar rats were taken as the control group. The treatment was done using ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. RESULTS The administration of EECQ for six weeks reduced the systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. It also alleviated the cardiac and renal hypertrophy indices. Supplementation of EECQ improved the endothelium-dependent aortic vasodilation induced by acetylcholine. It restored the NO level and endothelial NO synthase expression in the aorta. Subsequently, the extract alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in SHR rats. CONCLUSION Thus, in the present study, the chronic treatment of EECQ to genetically hypertensive rats improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in addition to its antihypertensive effect by eNOS activation and inhibition of ROS production, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragya Bharati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Lakshmanan DK, Ravichandran G, Elangovan A, Thilagar S. Fortification of raw rice and rice flour using Cissus quadrangularis L. (veldt grape) stem powder to overcome osteoporosis and its associated skeletal complication through staple diet. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13918. [PMID: 34490639 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare the fortified rice/flour with Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem powder to eliminate nutritional deficiency and improve bone health. Mineral analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that the CQ stem has adequate quantities of calcium, magnesium, and a moderate amount of phosphorous to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Thus, the rice and flour were fortified with freeze-dried CQ stem powder to improve its nutraceutical contents. The fortification was done using standard vacuum impregnation and blending process. Furthermore, the recuperative activity of prepared fortified rice (CQFR) and flour (CQFF) was tested in chemically induced osteoporosis and osteoarthritis animal models. The efficiency of CQ fortified diet against these complications was confirmed by hematology, radiology, and histopathological analysis. The rat groups fed with CQFF/CQFR diet showed significant improvement from calcium deficiency and its allied physiological damage. Thus, this study confirms that the CQ fortified rice would provide recovery from skeletal complications associated with calcium deficiency through fixing both homeostasis and bio-accessibility of the calcium. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Micronutrient and mineral deficiency is relatively higher in the regions where rice/rice products are consumed as a staple diet. Dietary intake of calcium and some essential minerals have major influences on bone and joint health. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is a familiar herb, conventionally used in India to fix broken bones and strengthen the skeletal system. The Atomic absorption spectroscopy data from this study showed that the CQ stem holds a high amount of calcium and other essential minerals to promote skeletal health. Preparation of fortified rice and flour with CQ stem would be a beneficial source of the essential minerals/ bioactive principles to promote and sustain skeletal health in the underprivileged population. These study data substantiated the practical application of producing the CQ fortified nutraceutical staple diet, especially to the people who are afflicted with morbid skeletal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guna Ravichandran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Abbirami Elangovan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sivasudha Thilagar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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18
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Song Q, Prabakaran S, Duan J, Jeyaraj M, Mickymaray S, Paramasivam A, Rajan M. Enhanced bone tissue regeneration via bioactive electrospun fibrous composite coated titanium orthopedic implant. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120961. [PMID: 34333026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the very reliable, attractive, and cheapest techniques for synthesizing nanofibers for biomedical applications is electrospinning. Here, we have created a novel nanofibrous composite coated Ti plate to mimic an Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) of native bone in order to enhance the bone tissue regeneration. An electrospun fibrous composite was obtained by the combination of minerals (Zn, Mg, Si) substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP)/Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract. Fibrous composite's functionality, phase characteristics, and morphology were evaluated by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. The average fiber diameter of MHAP/PVA had decreased from ~274 to ~255 nm after incorporating PEG polymer. That further increased from ~255 to ~275 nm after adding CQ extract. Besides the bioactivity in SBF solution, the degradable nature was confirmed by immersing the fibrous composite in Tris-HCL solution. The degradable studies evaluate that the composite was degraded depending on time, and it degrades about 9.42% after 7 days of immersion. Osteoblasts like MG-63 cells differentiation, proliferation, and calcium deposition were also determined. These results show that this new fibrous composite exhibits advanced osteoblasts properties. Thus, we concluded that this new fibrous scaffold coated Ti implant could act as a better implant to mimic ECM of bone structure and to improve osteogenesis during bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Selvakani Prabakaran
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India.
| | - Jiafeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | | | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
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19
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Singh P, Gupta A, Qayoom I, Singh S, Kumar A. Orthobiologics with phytobioactive cues: A paradigm in bone regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110754. [PMID: 34321168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone injuries occur due to various traumatic and disease conditions. Healing of bone injury occurs via a multi-stage intricate process. Body has the potential to rectify most of the bone injuries but some severe traumatic cases with critical size defects may require interventions. Autografts are still considered the "gold standard" for fracture healing but due to limitations associated with it, new alternatives are warranted. The field of orthobiologics has provided novel approaches using scaffolds, bioactive molecules, stem cells for the treatment of bone defects. Phyto-bioactives have been widely used in alternative medicine and folklore practices for curing bone ailments. It is believed that different bioactive constituents in plants work synergistically to give the therapeutic efficacy. Bioactives in plants extracts act upon different signal transduction pathways aiding in bone healing. The present review focuses on the use, chemical composition, mode of delivery, mechanism of action, and possible future strategies of three medicinal plants popularly used in traditional medicine for bone healing: Cissus quadrangularis, Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants extracts seem to be a natural and non-toxic therapeutic alternative in treating bone injuries. Most of the studies on bone healing for these plants have reported oral administration of the extracts and presented them as a safe alternative without any side effects despite giving higher doses. Forthcoming studies could be directed towards the local delivery of extracts at the defect site. Unification of herbal extracts and orthobiologics could be an interesting direction in the field of bone healing in future. The present review intends to provide a bird's eye view of different strategies used in bone healing, mechanisms involved and future direction of advancements using phytobioactives and orthobiologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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20
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Nayak T, R K. An Assessment of the Osteogenic Potential of Cissus quadrangularis in Mandibular Fractures: A Pilot Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2020; 19:106-12. [PMID: 31988572 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-019-01230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A routine mandibular fracture matures in about 12 weeks and hence hinders normal function significantly. Alternatives are being researched to hasten the healing and allow early function. This prospective study aimed to assess the osteogenic potential of the drug Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on the mandibular fracture healing. Design Prospective randomized study. Results The study between the groups revealed a statistically significant increase in the alkaline phosphatase levels in CQ group in comparison with control group. The radiographic findings (increment in density and rate of change of density), clinical findings (mobility, swelling, reduction in pain) and other biochemical findings (serum calcium, serum phosphorous) did not differ statistically between the CQ and control groups. Conclusion Based on the lack of a statistically significant improvement in almost all parameters except for the alkaline phosphatase levels, we believe that a larger sample size is required to ascertain the absolute value of CQ before adding it to the mandibular fracture regimen.
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21
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Gichuki DK, Ma L, Zhu Z, Du C, Li Q, Hu G, Zhong Z, Li H, Wang Q, Xin H. Genome size, chromosome number determination, and analysis of the repetitive elements in Cissus quadrangularis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8201. [PMID: 31875149 PMCID: PMC6927348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) is a perennial climber endemic to Africa and is characterized by succulent angular stems. The plant grows in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa especially in the African savanna. The stem of C. quadrangularis has a wide range of applications in both human and animal medicine, but there is limited cytogenetic information available for this species. In this study, the chromosome number, genome size, and genome composition for C. quadrangularis were determined. Flow cytometry results indicated that the genome size of C. quadrangularis is approximately 2C = 1.410 pg. Fluorescence microscopy combined with DAPI stain showed the chromosome numbers to be 2n = 48. It is likely that C. quadrangularis has a tetraploid genome after considering the basic chromosome numbers in Cissus genus (n = 10, 11, or 12). A combination of low-throughput genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis allowed identification and quantification of repetitive elements that make up about 52% of the C. quadrangularis genome, which was dominated by LTR-retrotransposons. Two LTR superfamilies were identified as Copia and Gypsy, with 24% and 15% of the annotated clusters, respectively. The comparison of repeat elements for C. quadrangularis, Vitis vinifera, and four other selected members in the Cissus genus revealed a high diversity in the repetitive element components, which could suggest recent amplification events in the Cissus genus. Our data provides a platform for further studies on the phylogeny and karyotype evolution in this genus and in the family Vitaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Kiragu Gichuki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lu Ma
- Shenzhen Tobeacon Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangwan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiping Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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22
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Guerra JM, Hanes MA, Rasa C, Loganathan N, Innis-Whitehouse W, Gutierrez E, Nair S, Banu J. Modulation of bone turnover by Cissus quadrangularis after ovariectomy in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:780-795. [PMID: 30756174 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In women, age-related bone loss is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. Existing therapies are associated with severe side effects; thus, there is a need to find alternative medicines with less or optimal side effects. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), an Ayurvedic medicine used to enhance fracture healing, was tested for its bone protective properties and studied to discern the mechanism by which it is beneficial to bone. Female Sprague Dawley rats were either sham operated or ovariectomized and were fed CQ for 3 months. Several biochemical markers, cytokines and hormones were assayed. Femur, tibia and lumbar vertebrae were subjected to pQCT and µCT densitometry. MC3T3 cells were cultured, treated with CQ and used to analyze miRNA content and subjected to qPCR for gene expression analysis related to bone metabolism. CQO rats showed protected bone mass and microarchitecture of trabecular bone in the distal femoral metaphysis and the proximal tibial metaphysis. The lumbar vertebrae, however, showed no significant changes. Serum protein expression levels of P1NP increased and Trap5b and CTX levels decreased with in vivo CQ treatment. Some influence on the anti- and pro-inflammatory markers was also observed. Significantly high level of estradiol in the CQO rats was observed. In vitro expression of a few genes related to bone metabolism showed that osteocalcin increased significantly. The other genes-collagen I expression, SPP1, BMP2, DCAT1-decreased significantly. Certain miRNA that regulate bone turnover using the BMP pathway and Wnt signaling pathways were upregulated by CQ. qPCR after acute treatment with CQ showed significantly increased levels of osteocalcin and decreased levels of Wnt/β catenin antagonist DCAT1. Overall, CQ protected the microarchitecture of the long bones from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. This may be because of decreased inflammation and modulation through the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. We conclude that CQ is a potential therapeutic agent to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Guerra
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Martha A Hanes
- Department of Lab Animal Resources, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cordelia Rasa
- Department of Lab Animal Resources, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | | | - Wendy Innis-Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Dr, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Ednia Gutierrez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Saraswathy Nair
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Jameela Banu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
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23
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Marume A, Matope G, Katsande S, Khoza S, Mutingwende I, Mduluza T, Munodawafa-Taderera T, Ndhlala AR. Wound Healing Properties of Selected Plants Used in Ethnoveterinary Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:544. [PMID: 28932192 PMCID: PMC5592899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have arrays of phytoconstituents that have wide ranging biological effects like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties key in wound management. In vivo wound healing properties of ointments made of crude methanolic extracts (10% extract w/w in white soft paraffin) of three plant species, Cissus quadrangularis L. (whole aerial plant parts), Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch (whole aerial plant parts) and Erythrina abyssinica Lam. Ex DC. (leaves and bark) used in ethnoveterinary medicine were evaluated on BALB/c female mice based on wound area changes, regular observations, healing skin's percentage crude protein content and histological examinations. White soft paraffin and 3% oxytetracycline ointment were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Wound area changes over a 15 day period for mice treated with C. quadrangularis and A. multiflorum extract ointments were comparable to those of the positive control (oxytetracycline ointment). Wounds managed with the same extract ointments exhibited high crude protein contents, similar to what was observed on animals treated with the positive control. Histological evaluations revealed that C. quadrangularis had superior wound healing properties with the wound area completely returning to normal skin structure by day 15 of the experiment. E. abyssinica leaf and bark extract ointments exhibited lower wound healing properties though the leaf extract exhibited some modest healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Marume
- Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe.,Pharmacy Skills Training and Development Unit, EastEnd Medical Centre, Harare Institute of Public HealthHarare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gift Matope
- Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe
| | - Simbarashe Katsande
- Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe
| | - Star Khoza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe
| | - Isaac Mutingwende
- Pharmacy Skills Training and Development Unit, EastEnd Medical Centre, Harare Institute of Public HealthHarare, Zimbabwe.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe.,Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwa Munodawafa-Taderera
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ashwell R Ndhlala
- Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Agricultural Research CouncilPretoria, South Africa
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Brahmkshatriya HR, Shah KA, Ananthkumar GB, Brahmkshatriya MH. Clinical evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis as osteogenic agent in maxillofacial fracture: A pilot study. Ayu 2016; 36:169-73. [PMID: 27011718 PMCID: PMC4784127 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.175542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cissus quadrangularis Linn. is an indigenous medicinal plant, grown in India, which helps to increase healing process of fractured bone. Fracture of maxillofacial skeletal takes reasonably long time to heal. Many attempts have been made till today to reduce the healing period of 6-8 weeks, by means of improved surgical technology or by inhibiting the physiological mechanism of bone healing. AIM To evaluate the effect of C. quadrangularis in healing process of maxillofacial fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the patients were treated by open reduction internal fixation method and in postoperative management, antibiotics, and analgesics. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1, one capsule of C. quadrangularis (500 mg) thrice a day for 6 weeks was administered (n = 5), and in Group 2 (control group), no supplementary medication was administered (n = 4). Pain, swelling, fragment mobility, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus were evaluated pre- and post-operatively on day-1, -21, and -45. RESULTS Pain, swelling, and fragment mobility were low in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Serum calcium and serum phosphorus were also high, and healing of bone was clearly seen in Group 1 on day 21 as compared to control group. CONCLUSION C. quadrangularis helps in reducing pain, swelling, and fracture mobility and accelerate the healing of fracture jaw bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemal R Brahmkshatriya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kruti A Shah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - G B Ananthkumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Cissus quadrangularis attenuates the adjuvant induced arthritis by down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibiting angiogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:346-355. [PMID: 26342521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, Cissus quadrangularis has been used as a chief ingredient of many formulation for the treatment of inflammatory and bone disorders.. OBJECTIVE The study was carried out to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of C. quadrangularis hydroalcoholic extract (CQHE) and to explore the plausible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthritis was induced by sub plantar administration of formaldehyde (2% v/v) and 0.1ml of complete Freund's adjuvant. Joint swelling was measured on days 8, 9 and 10 in formaldehyde-induced arthritis and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) respectively. Serum and ankle joints of AIA rats were used for estimation of serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress markers and synovial expression of proinflammatory cytokines/cytokine receptor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-R1), angiogenesis marker (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3& 9). An acute and 28-day oral toxicity was carried out to evaluate the safety of the test drug. RESULTS CQHE produced a dose dependent inhibition of joint swelling in both formaldehyde-induced and adjuvant induced arthritis. CQHE treatment also reduced serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress and synovial expression of inflammatory and angiogenesis marker. In sub acute toxicity study of CQHE, chronic administration of CQHE did not produce any physiological and pathological changes as compared to normal rats. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the anti-arthritic potential of C. quadrangularis and it validates its traditional use for the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560100, India
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osseous defects in periodontal diseases require osseous grafts and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using barrier membranes. The present study was undertaken with the objectives to clinically evaluate the osteogenic potential of hydroxyapatite (HA), cissus quadrangularis (CQ), and oxidized cellulose membrane (OCM) and compare with normal bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty subjects with periodontitis in the age group ranging from 20 years to 40 years were selected from our outpatient department on the basis of presence of deep periodontal pockets, clinical probing depth ≥5 mm, vertical osseous defects obvious on radiograph and two- or three-walled involvement seen on surgical exposure. Infrabony defects were randomly divided into four groups on the basis of treatment to be executed, such that each group comprised 5 defects. Group I was control, II received HA, III received CQ and IV received OCM. Probing depth and attachment level were measured at regular months after surgery. Defects were re-exposed using crevicular incisions at 6 months. RESULTS There was gradual reduction in the mean probing pocket depth in all groups, but highly significant in the site treated with HA. Gain in attachment level was higher in sites treated with HA, 3.2 mm at 6 months. CONCLUSION Hydroxyapatite and OCM showed good reduction in pocket depth, attachment level gain and osseous defect fill. Further study should be conducted by using a combination of HA and OCM in periodontal osseous defects with growth factors and stem cells.
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Abstract
Purpose: When a bone is fractured it is usually necessary to employ a mechanical means to reduce and maintain the fragments in position. However, healing of the fracture is governed by biological principles, with which the mechanical measures must be coordinated to the end, such that a satisfactory bony union and restoration of form and function are obtained. We have studied the effect of Cissus quadrangularis (Harjor) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), in the healing of mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 29 cases having a fracture in the body of the mandible were included in the study and divided into three groups. Groups A and B were treated with Ocimum sanctum and Cissus quadrangularis, respectively, and fracture healing was assessed with biochemical markers and the bite force. Group C was the control group. Results: The period of immobilization was the lowest in the Group A followed by Group B. A significant increase in alkaline phosphatase and serum calcium was seen in Group B. The tensile strength in terms of the biting force was the maximum in cases of Group B. Conclusion: We conclude that Cissus quadrangularis and Ocimum sanctum help in fracture healing, and use of such traditional drugs will be a breakthrough in the management and early mobilization of facial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Mohammad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U S Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Pradhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nimisha Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lekshmi RK, Divya BT, Mini S. Cissus quadrangularis extract attenuates hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Redox Rep 2014; 19:214-20. [PMID: 24946070 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress plays a major role in the progression of diabetic complications. This study was aimed at evaluating the beneficial effects of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract on antioxidant/oxidant status in diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant activities of an ethyl acetate fraction of Cissus quadrangularis stem (CQSF) at three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) were evaluated in rats with experimentally induced diabetes. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was carried out to identify the active components present in the plant fraction. RESULTS Induction of diabetes caused deleterious effects including hyperglycaemia, liver dysfunction, significant decline in antioxidants and elevated lipid peroxidation indices. C. quadrangularis supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced liver damage, and oxidative changes, and brought back the antioxidants towards normal. Histopathological analysis of the liver also reinforced our findings. Pronounced changes were observed at the doses 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography analysis of C. quadrangularis fraction revealed the presence of quercetin. DISCUSSION This study suggests an anti-diabetic potential of CQSF, mediated through the modulation of the antioxidant defence system. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cissus quadrangularis is rich in quercetin and this indicates that the supplementation of CQSF might be beneficial as a food supplement for the attenuation of diabetic complications.
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Sirasanagandla SR, Ranganath Pai KS, Potu BK, Bhat KM. Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on diabetes induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:25-32. [PMID: 24812472 PMCID: PMC4012358 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.128852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed fetal skeletal ossification is one of the known complications of maternal diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (PECQ) on diabetes-induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Wistar rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, intraperitonial) before mating. After confirmation of pregnancy, the pregnant rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, diabetic control group, and diabetic + CQ group. The diabetic + CQ group pregnant rats were treated with PECQ (500 mg/kg body weight) throughout their gestation period. Immediately after delivery, pups were collected from all three groups and processed for alizarin red S-alcian blue staining in order to examine the pattern of skeletal ossification. RESULTS Fewer ossification centers and decreased extent of ossification of forelimb and hindlimb bones were observed in the neonatal pups of diabetic control group as compared to those in the normal control group. PECQ pretreatment significantly restored the ossification centers and improved the extent of ossification of forelimb and hindlimb bones in the neonatal pups of diabetic + CQ group as compared to those in the diabetic control group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that PECQ treatment is effective against diabetes-induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification. However, further studies on the isolation and characterization of active constituents of PECQ, which can cross the placental barrier and are responsible for the bone anabolic activity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhagath Kumar Potu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumar Mr Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Singh N, Singh V, Singh RK, Pant AB, Pal US, Malkunje LR, Mehta G. Osteogenic potential of cissus qudrangularis assessed with osteopontin expression. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2013; 4:52-6. [PMID: 24163553 PMCID: PMC3800385 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Fracture healing involves complex processes of cell and tissue proliferation and differentiation. Many factors are involved, including growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, bone breakdown (osteoclast) and bone building (osteoblast) cells, hormones, amino acids, and uncounted nutrients. We studied the osteogenic potential of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), a plant that has been customarily used in the Indian subcontinent to hasten the process of healing in bone fractures. Materials and Methods: Total of 60 patients (age, 20-35 years) of mandible fracture was divided in two groups. Patients of group 1 were given capsules of CQ and fracture healing was assessed with osteopontin expression during treatment. Group 2 was control group. Results: Clinical and radiological analysis in our study was suggestive of better healing of fractures in group 1. All the samples of group 1 examined for osteopontin expression using western blot analysis and flow cytometry showed significant levels of expression of osteopontin protein and CD4+ T cells expressing osteopontin, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that CQ accelerates fracture healing and also causes early remodeling of fracture callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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31
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Swamy AHMV, Kulkarni RV, Koti BC, Gadad PC, Thippeswamy AHM, Gore A. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract Against Rifampicin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:183-7. [PMID: 23326004 PMCID: PMC3546340 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis against rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.The coarse powder of the shade dried stem of Cissus quadrangularis was subjected to successive extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using solvents petroleum ether (60-80°) and methanol. Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (500 mg/kg, p.o) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o) used as reference drug. Elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline posphatase and bilirubin following rifampicin induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis. Rifampicin administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activities like reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutas and catalase. Pretreatment of rats with methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant activities. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis further confirms the hepatoprotective activity. The results of the present study indicated the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis which might be ascribable to its antioxidant property due to the presence of β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Viswanatha Swamy
- Department of Pharmacology, K. L. E. University's College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli-580031, India
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Shah UM, Patel SM, Patel PH, Hingorani L, Jadhav RB. Development and Validation of a Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Phytosterols in Cissus quadrangularis. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:753-8. [PMID: 21969748 PMCID: PMC3178977 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.84587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis L. is a promising remedy prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic literature for bone fracture healing properties. As this activity has been extensively investigated and well established, a range of formulations containing C. quadrangularis has been marketed. This work reports the development and validation of a reliable RP-HPLC method for the analysis of phytosterols in the various extracts of the plant. The proposed method utilizes a Cosmosil C8 column (250 ΄ 4.6 mm) with a compatible Phenomenex C8 guard column with isocratic elution of acetonitrile and water (95:5 v/v) at 25°. An effluent flow rate of 2 ml/min and UV detection at 202 nm was used for the analysis of phytosterols. The described method was linear in the range of 1–500 μg/ml, with excellent correlation coefficients. The precision, robustness and ruggedness values were also within the prescribed limits (less than 2%). The recovery values were within the range, which indicates that the accuracy of the analysis was good and that the interference of the matrix with the recovery of phytosterols was low. The phytosterols were found to be stable in a stock solution for 48 h (% RSD was below 2%) and no interfering extra peaks were observed under controlled stress conditions. The proposed method is simple, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible and thus can be used for routine analysis of C. quadrangularis phytosterols in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati M Shah
- Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur - 425 405, India
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Viswanatha Swamy AHM, Kulkarni RV, Thippeswamy AHM, Koti BC, Gore A. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 42:397-400. [PMID: 21189914 PMCID: PMC2991701 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.71920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) against isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The successive petroleum ether (60–80°C) and methanol extracts of C. quadrangularis were used. Hepatic damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering isoniazid (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Simultaneously, CQ (500 mg/kg p.o) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of isoniazid (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o) was used as a reference drug. Results: Elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline posphatase, and bilirubin following isoniazid administration were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with CQ. Isoniazid administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased antioxidant activities such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Pretreatment of rats with CQ significantly decreased LPO and increased the antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the hepatoprotective effect of CQ might be attributed to its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Viswanatha Swamy
- Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University's College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli 580 031, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Weight loss supplements often contain powerful pharmacoactive ingredients with the potential to cause harm. Trials used to determine product safety and effectiveness, meanwhile, tend to be small, of short duration, and frequently lack financial conflict of interest disclosures. These factors could conspire to place consumers at risk, especially when published research cited in advertising cloaks products with the suggestion that their safety and effectiveness have been proven by science. Examples of current and former weight loss products backed by potentially conflicted or low quality research include Metabolife-356, Hydroxycut, Xenadrine and LeptiCore. Published research, especially in the field of weight loss supplements, needs better conflict of interest disclosure, and regulators should consider how research findings are used in marketing claims.
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Vijay P, Vijayvergia R. An Antioxidant potential of Hingot and Hadjod. J Basic Clin Pharm 2009; 1:33-6. [PMID: 25206251 PMCID: PMC4158897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of two plants - Hadjod i.e. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) and Hingot i.e. Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) was determined by the thiocyanate method. The antioxidant activity of both the plants increased with increasing amount of extract (200 g-1000 g) added to the linoleic emulsion. The ethanolic extract of CQ was more effective than the other. Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power was also dependent upon the concentration. The ethanolic extract of BA shows more reducing power than the other. The result obtained in the present study indicates that the both the plants are potential source of natural antioxidants. In addition, we could suggest that although the reducing power of a substance may be an indicator of its potential antioxidant activity, there is not necessarily a linear correlation between these two activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Vijay
- Plant Pathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan Jaipur, 302004.,Corresponding Author: E-mail:
| | - R. Vijayvergia
- Plant Pathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan Jaipur, 302004
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Balasubramanian P, Jayalakshmi K, Vidhya N, Prasad R, Sheriff AK, Kathiravan G, Rajagopal K, Sureban SM. Antiviral activity of ancient system of ayurvedic medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae). J Basic Clin Pharm 2009; 1:37-40. [PMID: 25206252 PMCID: PMC4158892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Partially purified methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (belonging to Vitaceae member, South Indian medicinal plant) have been explored for antiviral activity and their phytochemical characterisation. In vitro antiviral activity against HSV type1 and 2, and Vero cells at non-cytotoxic concentration were determined. HSV1 and HSV2 showed more sensitivity against the partially purified compound. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of the Steroids and Terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, VELS University, Old Pallavaram, Chennai–600117, Tamil Nadu, India,Corresponding Author: E-mail:
| | - K. Jayalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel's College of Science, Old Pallavaram, Chennai–600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Vidhya
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel's College of Science, Old Pallavaram, Chennai–600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, VELS University, Old Pallavaram, Chennai–600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Khaleefathullah Sheriff
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guindy, Chennai–600032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Kathiravan
- Department of Biotechnology, VELS University, Old Pallavaram, Chennai–600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Rajagopal
- Department of Biotechnology, VELS University, Old Pallavaram, Chennai–600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sripathi M. Sureban
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Section, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma 73104, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Potu BK, Bhat KMR, Rao MS, Nampurath GK, Chamallamudi MR, Nayak SR, Muttigi MS. Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Linn.) enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and facilitates osteoblastogenesis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64:993-8. [PMID: 19841707 PMCID: PMC2763075 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009001000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis on the proliferation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis) and extracellular matrix calcification. This study also aimed to determine the additive effect of osteogenic media and Cissus quadrangularis on proliferation, differentiation and calcification. METHODS MSCs were cultured in media with or without Cissus quadrangularis for 4 weeks and were then stained for alkaline phosphatase. Extracellular matrix calcification was confirmed by Von Kossa staining. marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultures in control media and osteogenic media supplemented with Cissus quadrangularis extract (100, 200, 300 microg/mL) were also subjected to a cell proliferation assay (MTT). RESULTS Treatment with 100, 200 or 300 microg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis enhanced the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into ALP-positive osteoblasts and increased extracellular matrix calcification. Treatment with 300 microg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis also enhanced the proliferation rate of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cells grown in osteogenic media containing Cissus quadrangularis exhibited higher proliferation, differentiation and calcification rates than did control cells. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Cissus quadrangularis stimulates osteoblastogenesis and can be used as preventive/ alternative natural medicine for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagath Kumar Potu
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University - Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumar MR Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University - Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University - Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopalan Kutty Nampurath
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Soubhagya Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University - Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University - Manipal, Karnataka, India. Tel.: 0820.2922327
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Austin A, Kannan R, Jegadeesan M. Pharmacognostical studies on Cissus quadrangularis L. variant I & II. Anc Sci Life 2004; 23:33-47. [PMID: 22557140 PMCID: PMC3330979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis L.Variant I and II are being used therapeutically for various ailments in indigenous system of medicine. Detailed pharmacognostical studies on the aerial parts were made. Variant I and II were analysed for their physiochemical, microscopical, fluorescent, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical, TLC and HPTLC characteristics. Quantitative variations were noted among seasonal samples and between variants and the results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Austin
- Rumi Herbal Research Institute, 134, TASS Industrial Estate, Ambathur, Chennai- 600098, India
| | - R. Kannan
- Department of R & D, Himalayan Durg Company, Makali, Bangalore, India
| | - M. Jegadeesan
- Department of Siddha Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, Tamil University, Thanjavur - 613 005, India
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Austin A, Jegadeesan M, Gowrishankar R. In-vitro screening of cissus quadrangularis L. Variant ii against helicobacter pylori. Anc Sci Life 2003; 23:55-60. [PMID: 22557114 PMCID: PMC3330950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2002] [Accepted: 12/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis L. variant II belonging to the family Vitaceae was screened for its activity Hellcobacter pylori (Hp) human isolates. Flowering and vegetative period samples were analyzed. Aqueous (hot and cold) and solvent extracts (acetone, chloroform and methanol) were screened. Among them chloroform was observed to recover bioactive principles with low MIC and MLC. MIC and MLC was 40 μg/ml for flowering period. Whereas for vegetative period MIC was 40 μg/ml and MLC was 40 μg/ml respectively. Extracts from samples collected during flowering period were better than that of vegetative period. The results confirm the traditional use of the plant in PUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Austin
- Herbal Cure Remedies, Research and Development, 31, Perumalpuram, India
| | - M. Jegadeesan
- Department of Siddha Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, Tamil University, Thanjavur, India
| | - R. Gowrishankar
- Department of Microbiology, SPK College, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, India
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