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Zang L, Kagotani K, Hayakawa T, Tsuji T, Okumura K, Shimada Y, Nishimura N. The Hexane Extract of Citrus sphaerocarpa Ameliorates Visceral Adiposity by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathways in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:8026. [PMID: 38138517 PMCID: PMC10745821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging global health issue with an increasing risk of disease linked to lifestyle choices. Previously, we reported that the hexane extract of Citrus sphaerocarpa (CSHE) suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we conducted in vivo experiments to assess whether CSHE suppressed obesity in zebrafish and mouse models. We administered 10 and 20 μg/mL CSHE to obese zebrafish juveniles. CSHE significantly inhibited visceral fat accumulation compared to untreated obese fish. Moreover, the oral administration (100 μg/g body weight/day) of CSHE to high-fat-diet-induced obese mice significantly reduced their body weight, visceral fat volume, and hepatic lipid accumulation. The expression analyses of key regulatory genes involved in lipid metabolism revealed that CSHE upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes in the mouse liver (Pparα and Acox1) and downregulated lipogenesis-related gene (Fasn) expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Fluorescence immunostaining demonstrated the CSHE-mediated enhanced phosphorylation of AKT, AMPK, ACC, and FoxO1, which are crucial factors regulating adipogenesis. CSHE-treated differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes also exhibited an increased phosphorylation of ACC. Therefore, we propose that CSHE suppresses adipogenesis and enhances lipolysis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and AMPK/ACC signaling pathways. These findings suggested that CSHE is a promising novel preventive and therapeutic agent for managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Kagotani
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (T.H.); (T.T.)
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka 515-0053, Mie, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayakawa
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (T.H.); (T.T.)
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka 515-0053, Mie, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tsuji
- Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (T.H.); (T.T.)
- Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Matsusaka 515-0053, Mie, Japan
| | - Katsuzumi Okumura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Centre, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
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Lakthan T, Limpachayaporn P, Rayanil KO, Charoenpanich P, Phuangbubpha P, Charoenpanich A. Lupenone-Rich Fraction Derived from Cissus quadrangularis L. Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1724. [PMID: 37629581 PMCID: PMC10455188 DOI: 10.3390/life13081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis L. (CQ) has potential as a therapeutic for managing obesity and balancing metabolic activity, but the main bioactive compound and regulatory mechanism remain unknown. Herein, the CQ hexane extract was fractionated into 30 fractions (CQ-H) using flash column chromatography and analyzed using thin-layer chromatography. The direct antiadipogenesis effect of CQ-H fractions was tested on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lupenone-rich fractions 2H and 3H were identified as containing potent antiadipogenesis agents that reduced differentiated cell numbers and intracellular lipid droplet size. Although the overall mitochondrial density remained unchanged, differentiated cells exhibited a higher mitochondrial density than that in non-differentiated cells. Additionally, 2H increased mitochondrial activity in both cell types as shown by their differentiation and lipid formation stages. Lupenone was isolated from 2H (Lu-CQ) and shown to dose-dependently inhibit adipogenesis, with 2H being more potent than Lu-CQ. Lu-CQ and 2H downregulated the expression of Pparg2 mRNA and upregulated that of glucose transporter genes, Slc2a1 and Slc2a4. Lu-CQ and 2H induced increased glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. These findings suggest that lupenone-rich fractions in CQ contribute to balancing metabolic activity and reducing adipose tissue formation. Further exploration of CQ and its components may prompt innovative strategies for managing obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Lakthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Panupun Limpachayaporn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.L.); (K.-o.R.)
| | - Kanok-on Rayanil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.L.); (K.-o.R.)
| | - Pornsri Charoenpanich
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Pornwipa Phuangbubpha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
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Occhiuto C, Santoro G, Tranchida PQ, Bono G, Occhiuto F. Pharmacological Effects of the Lipidosterolic Extract from Kigelia africana Fruits in Experimental Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Induced by Testosterone in Sprague Dawley Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:41-50. [PMID: 36776546 PMCID: PMC9911901 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s383699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of phytotherapics is very frequent in men with prostatic diseases, sexual disorders and infertility, and many associations are commercially available. Various vegetable products used as drugs or nutraceuticals are attributed to possess the capacity to exert benefic effects on the reproductive system, and most of these drugs have a rich and varied lipidosterolic fraction, primarily responsible for the effects related to the male genital sphere. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (Bignoniaceae) is a plant used in African folk medicine as a vegetal remedy for various diseases, including some disorders of the male reproductive system; however, its potential activities have not yet been fully explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the lipidosterolic hexane extract (LHE) from K. africana fruits, analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC×GC-MS/FID), can prevent or reverse benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats. Methods BPH was induced in experimental groups by daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP) for four weeks. β-sitosterol (β-s) was used as positive control. On day 28, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after anesthesia. Prostates were excised, weighed, and used for macroscopic and histological studies. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in prostate were measured. Results The results showed that LHE significantly reduced the prostatic weight, prostatic index, prostatic levels of testosterone and DHT, and the histopathological alterations (including the epithelial thickness, stromal proliferation, and lumen area) induced by testosterone. These effects were superior to those demonstrated by β-s and appear to be due to a partial antiandrogenic activity of LHE. Conclusion The results obtained showed that the LHE can prevent, and reverse testosterone induced prostatic hyperplasia, and support the traditional use of Kigelia africana in some disorders of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bono
- A. Imbesi Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,Correspondence: Francesco Occhiuto, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy, Tel +39 090 676 6453, Email
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Iskakova Z, Kozhantayeva A, Tazhkenova G, Mashan T, Tosmaganbetova K, Tashenov Y. Investigation of Chemical Constituents of Chamaenerion latifolium L. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2023; 21:173-178. [PMID: 36437725 DOI: 10.2174/1871523022666221125111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chamaenerion latifolium is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Onagraceae family. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the volatile chemical components of the aerial parts of Chamaenerion latifolium growing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. METHODS The leaves and stems of Chamaenerion latifolium were extracted with hexane and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The regularisation of peak areas method was used to calculate the concentrations of the sixty-five identified compounds. CONCLUSION Among them, the major components are alkanes (leaves 31.339%, stems 48.158%), esters (leaves 10.216%, stems 12.196%), alcohols (leaves 5.483% and stems 5.14%), aldehydes (leaves 3.155%, stems 1.592%), triterpenoids (leaves 2.247% stems 3.785%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanar Iskakova
- Research Institute of New Chemical Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Akmaral Kozhantayeva
- Research Institute of New Chemical Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur- Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Tazhkenova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur- Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Togzhan Mashan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur- Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuldi Tosmaganbetova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur- Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerbolat Tashenov
- Research Institute of New Chemical Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur- Sultan-010008, Kazakhstan
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Ramos-Hernández JA, Calderón-Santoyo M, Burgos-Hernández A, García-Romo JS, Navarro-Ocaña A, Burboa-Zazueta MG, Sandoval-Petris E, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA. Antimutagenic, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Properties of Sea Grape Leaf Extract Fractions (Coccoloba uvifera L.). Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:2250-2257. [PMID: 33397268 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621999210104201242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a disease characterized by the invasion and uncontrolled growth of cells. One of the best ways to minimize the harmful effects of mutagens is through the use of natural antimutagens. In this regard, the search for new antimutagens that act in the chemoprevention could represent a promising field in this area. <p >Objective: In this study biological potential of 11 fractions from Coccoloba uvifera L. leaf hexane extract was evaluated by several in vitro tests. METHODS Leaves were lyophilized and hexane extraction was performed. The extract was fractionated by column chromatography with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimutagenic (Ames test), antiproliferative (MTT test), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous ion chelation) of the fractions were evaluated. RESULTS Fractions 4, 6, 8, and 9 have antimutagenic activity (against sodium azide in strain TA100), fraction 11 showed antiproliferative capacity (IC50 of 24 ± 9 μg/mL in cells of HCT 116). The fractions with the highest activity were analyzed by HPLC-MS and lupeol, acacetin, and β-sitosterol were identified. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates, for the first time, the bioactivity of C. uvifera leaf as a new source of high biological value compounds (HBVC), which can be of interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Ramos-Hernández
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit,. Mexico
| | - Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit,. Mexico
| | - Armando Burgos-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 8300 Hermosillo, Sonora,. Mexico
| | - Joel S García-Romo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 8300 Hermosillo, Sonora,. Mexico
| | - Arturo Navarro-Ocaña
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Copilco, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México,. Mexico
| | - María G Burboa-Zazueta
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 8300 Hermosillo, Sonora,. Mexico
| | - Edgar Sandoval-Petris
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 8300 Hermosillo, Sonora,. Mexico
| | - Juan A Ragazzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit,. Mexico
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Prommaban A, Utama-Ang N, Chaikitwattana A, Uthaipibull C, Porter JB, Srichairatanakool S. Phytosterol, Lipid and Phenolic Composition, and Biological Activities of Guava Seed Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:E2474. [PMID: 32471050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant seeds have been found to contain bioactive compounds that have potential nutraceutical benefits. Guava seeds (Psidium guajava) are by-products in the beverage and juice industry; however, they can be utilized for a variety of commercial purposes. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemicals of the n-hexane extract of guava seed oil (GSO), to study its free-radical scavenging activity, and to monitor the changes in serum lipids and fatty acid profiles in rats that were fed GSO. The GSO was analyzed for phytochemicals using chromatographic methods. It was also tested for free-radical scavenging activity in hepatoma and neuroblastoma cells, and analyzed in terms of serum lipids and fatty acids. GSO was found to contain phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid and its derivatives) and phytosterols (e.g., stimasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol), and exerted radical-scavenging activity in cell cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. Long-term consumption of GSO did not increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat serum, but it tended to decrease serum fatty acid levels in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first study to report on the lipid, phytosterol and phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, and the hepato- and neuro-protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress levels in the GSO extract.
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Ito S, Ohmi A, Sakamiya A, Yano T, Okumura K, Nishimura N, Kagontani K. Ginger hexane extract suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:779-85. [PMID: 26967638 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1127133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease caused by decreased bone density. Compounds with anti-osteoclastic activity, such as bisphosphonates, may help in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Herein, we determined the inhibitory effects of ginger hexane extract (GHE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that GHE (1) suppressed osteoclast differentiation and the formation of actin rings; (2) inhibited the expression of Nfatc1, a master transcriptional factor for osteoclast differentiation, in a dose-dependent manner (10-20 μg/mL); and (3) inhibited other osteoclastogenesis-related genes, such as Oscar, Dc-stamp, Trap, and Mmp9. These findings suggest that GHE may be used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- a Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
- b Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd. , Matsusaka , Japan
- c Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Akiyo Sakamiya
- c Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeo Yano
- c Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Katsuzumi Okumura
- d Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- a Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
- e Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kagontani
- a Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
- b Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd. , Matsusaka , Japan
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Nouri A, Shafaghatlonbar A. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of essential oil and organic extract from the peel and kernel parts of Citrus japonica Thunb. (kumquat) from Iran. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1093-7. [PMID: 26500054 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The constituents of essential oils and organic extracts from peel and kernels of Citrus japonica were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The content of essential oil in peel and kernel was 1.1 and 0.8% based on dry weight. The essential oil of C. japonica peel and kernel was characterised by a higher amount of limonene (51.0 and 47.1%) and germacrene D (12.1 and 6.3%), and the hexane extracts of its peel and kernel were characterised by a higher amount of dodecanol-1(12.9 and 20.8%) and linolenic acid (13.1 and 16.3%), respectively. The antioxidant activities of oils were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicate that both oils from different parts of C. japonica possess considerable antioxidant activity. The fruit peel and kernel essential oil could thus be useful in the industries, chiefly in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrah Nouri
- a Department of Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Shafaghatlonbar
- b Department of Chemistry, Khalkhal Branch , Islamic Azad University , Khalkhal , Iran
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Othman AR, Abdullah N, Ahmad S, Ismail IS, Zakaria MP. Elucidation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds isolated from Jatropha curcas L. plant root. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:11. [PMID: 25652309 PMCID: PMC4330596 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jatropha curcas plant or locally known as "Pokok Jarak" has been widely used in traditional medical applications. This plant is used to treat various conditions such as arthritis, gout, jaundice, wound and inflammation. However, the nature of compounds involved has not been well documented. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of different parts of J. curcas plant and to identify the active compounds involved. METHODS In this study, methanol (80%) extraction of four different parts (leaves, fruits, stem and root) of J. curcas plant was carried out. Phenolic content of each part was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Gallic acid was used as the phenol standard. Each plant part was screened for anti-inflammatory activity using cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The active plant part was then partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Each partition was again screened for anti-inflammatory activity. The active partition was then fractionated using an open column chromatography system. Single spots isolated from column chromatography were assayed for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities. Spots that showed activity were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis for identification of active metabolites. RESULTS The hexane partition from root extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. However, it also showed high cytotoxicity towards RAW 264.7 cells at 1 mg/mL. Fractionation process using column chromatography showed five spots. Two spots labeled as H-4 and H-5 possessed anti-inflammatory activity, without cytotoxicity activity. Analysis of both spots by GC-MS showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of the J. curcas root extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Razi Othman
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Institute Of Tropical Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Musa AM, Ibrahim MA, Aliyu AB, Abdullahi MS, Tajuddeen N, Ibrahim H, Oyewale AO. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hexane leaf extract of Anisopus mannii (Asclepiadaceae). J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4:129-33. [PMID: 26401399 PMCID: PMC4566775 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150106124652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to determine the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the hexane leaf extract of Anisopus mannii against a wide range of human pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: The chemical constituents of the hexane leaf extract was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis; and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated on “standard strains”, clinical susceptible and resistant bacterial and fungal isolates using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results: GC-MS analysis of the hexane leaf extract revealed 32 compounds, representing 73.8% of the identified components. The major compounds were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (34%), oxirane, hexadecyl- (11%) and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z, Z, Z) (9.6%). Results from the antimicrobial activity demonstrated higher inhibition zones against Bacillus cereus (29 mm), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (28 mm). Other notable inhibitions were observed with Enterococcus faecalis (27 mm), Proteus vulgaris (26 mm) and MRSA (25 mm). The MIC values ranged from 0.625 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL while the MBC/MFC values ranged from 2.5 mg/mL to 5.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: These results support the traditional use of the plant and demonstrate the huge potential of A. mannii as a source of antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad Musa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Mikhail Sabo Abdullahi
- Department of Research and Development, National Institute of Leather Science and Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Halliru Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, Nigeria
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de Oliveira APS, de Sousa JF, da Silva MA, Hilário F, Resende FA, de Camargo MS, Vilegas W, dos Santos LC, Varanda EA. Estrogenic and chemopreventive activities of xanthones and flavones of Syngonanthus (Eriocaulaceae). Steroids 2013; 78:1053-63. [PMID: 23891669 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The possible benefits of some bioactive flavones and xanthones present in plants of the genus Syngonanthus prompted us to screen them for estrogenic activity. However, scientific research has shown that such substances may have undesirable properties, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and toxicity, which restrict their use as therapeutic agents. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the estrogenicity and mutagenic and antimutagenic properties. We used recombinant yeast assay (RYA), with the strain BY4741 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Ames test, with strains TA100, TA98, TA97a and TA102 of Salmonella typhimirium, to evaluate estrogenicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of methanolic extracts of Syngonanthus dealbatus (S.d.), Syngonanthus macrolepsis (S.m.), Syngonanthus nitens (S.n.) and Syngonanthus suberosus (S.s.), and of 9 compounds isolated from them (1=luteolin, 2=mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 3=1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone, 4=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 5=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone, 6=7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-β-glucopyranoside, 7=7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside, 8=7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside and 9=6-hydroxyluteolin). The results indicated the estrogenic potential of the S. nitens methanol extract and four of its isolated xanthones, which exhibited, respectively, 14.74±1.63 nM; 19.54±6.61; 7.20±0.37; 6.71±1.02 e 10.01±4.26 nM of estradiol-equivalents (EEQ). None of the extracts or isolated compounds showed mutagenicity in any of the test strains and all of them showed antimutagenic potential, in particular preventing mutations caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The results show that the xanthones, only isolated from the methanol extract of S. nitens capitula, probably were the responsible for its estrogenic activity and could be useful as phytoestrogens, providing a new opportunity to develop hormonal agents. In addition, flavones and xanthones could also be used as a new antimutagenic agent. Since, the mutagens are involved in the initiation and promotion of several human diseases, including cancer, the significance of novel bioactive phytocompounds in counteracting these pro-mutagenic and carcinogenic effects is now gaining credence.
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Key Words
- +S9
- 1
- 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone
- 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone
- 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone
- 17β-estradiol
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene
- 5
- 6
- 6-hydroxyluteolin
- 7
- 7,3′-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 8
- 9
- AFB(1)
- Antimutagenicity
- BAW
- CNPq
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- DES
- DMSO
- E(2)
- EEQ
- ER
- ER-RBA
- Eriocaulaceae
- Estrogenicity
- Ex-DCM
- Ex-Hex
- Ex-MeOH
- FAPESP
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- HRT
- HSCCC
- I%
- MI
- Mutagenicity
- NPD
- Phytoestrogens
- RYA
- SA
- SD
- SERMs
- Sd
- Sm
- Sn
- Ss
- Standard Deviation
- UV
- aflatoxin B(1)
- dimethylsulfoxide
- estradiol equivalent
- estrogen diethylstilbestrol
- estrogen receptor
- estrogen receptor relative binding affinity
- hexane extract
- high speed counter current chromatography
- hormone replacement therapy
- luteolin
- methanol extract
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus dealbatus
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus macrolepsis
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus nitens
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus suberosus
- methylene chloride extract
- mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone
- mutagenic index
- n-butanol, acetic acid and water solution
- percent of inhibition of reversion in bacterial strains
- recombinant yeast assay
- selective estrogen receptor modulators
- sodium azide, 2-AA, 2-anthramine, MMC, mitomycin C
- ultraviolet light
- with metabolization
- without metabolization
- −S9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Siqueira de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Matias EF, Santos KKA, Falcão-Silva VS, Siqueira-Júnior JP, Costa JGM, Coutinho HD. Modulation of the norfloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Cordia verbenaceae DC. Indian J Med Res 2013; 137:178-82. [PMID: 23481069 PMCID: PMC3657884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Several chemical compounds isolated from natural sources have antibacterial activity and some enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics reversing the natural resistance of bacteria to certain antibiotics. In this study, the hexane and methanol extract of Cordia verbenaceae were assessed for antibacterial activity alone and combinated with norfloxacin against the Staphylococcus aureus strain SA1199B. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts was assayed using microdilution assay and the modulatory activity was evaluated using plate diffusion assay. RESULTS The MIC observed varied between 256 to >1024 μg/ml. However, the antibiotic activity of norfloxacin was enhanced in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of hexane extract of C. verbenaceae (HECV). INTERPRETATIONS & CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that Cordia verbenaceae DC. can be a source of plant derived products with antibiotic modifying activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinardo F.F. Matias
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brasil
| | - Karla K. A. Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brasil
| | - Vivyanne S. Falcão-Silva
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa (PB), Brasil
| | - José P. Siqueira-Júnior
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa (PB), Brasil
| | - José G. M. Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional o Cariri, Crato (CE), Brasil
- Faculdade Leão Sampaio, Juazeiro do Norte (CE), Brasil
| | - Henrique D.M. Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brasil
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