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Sairaman S, Nivedhitha MS, Shrivastava D, Al Onazi MA, Algarni HA, Mustafa M, Alqahtani AR, AlQahtani N, Teja KV, Janani K, Eswaramoorthy R, Sudhakar MP, Alam MK, Srivastava KC. Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:377. [PMID: 36064680 PMCID: PMC9442992 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past years, polysaccharide-based scaffolds have emerged as the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of this novel material.
Methods The present in vitro study comprised of four study groups each constituting a sample of 15 with a total sample size of sixty (n = 60). The carrageenan hydrogel devoid of Cissus quadrangularis acted as the control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, whereas the biocompatibility test was performed using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The microstructure and surface morphology of the hydrogel samples containing different concentrations of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract was investigated using SEM. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22.
Results A significant difference (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups. Group III reported the highest activity, whereas the control group showed the least antioxidant activity. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. While assessing the biocompatibility, a significant (P < 0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed with the increasing concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis. SEM analysis in group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area. Conclusion Keeping the limitations of in vitro study, it can be assumed that a carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide a favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sairaman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Nivedhitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Periodontics, Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Meshal Aber Al Onazi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hmoud Ali Algarni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Robaian Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf AlQahtani
- Dental Department, FM & PHC, NGHA-CR, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mamata Institute of Dental Sciences, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana state, 500090, India
| | - Krishnamachari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M P Sudhakar
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Department of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
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Li Z, Liu L, Wang L, Song D. The effects and potential applications of concentrated growth factor in dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:357. [PMID: 34147130 PMCID: PMC8214771 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentin-pulp complex is essential for the long-term integrity and viability of teeth but it is susceptible to damage caused by external factors. Because traditional approaches for preserving the dentin-pulp complex have various limitations, there is a need for novel methods for dentin-pulp complex reconstruction. The development of stem cell-based tissue engineering has given rise to the possibility of combining dental stem cells with a tissue-reparative microenvironment to promote dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Concentrated growth factor, a platelet concentrate, is a promising scaffold for the treatment of dentin-pulp complex disorders. Given its characteristics of autogenesis, convenience, usability, and biodegradability, concentrated growth factor has gained popularity in medical and dental fields for repairing bone defects and promoting soft-tissue healing. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that concentrated growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of dental stem cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the effects of concentrated growth factor on stem cells and its potential applications in dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Muromachi K, Sugiya H, Tani-Ishii N. Cell Biological Assays for Measuring Odontogenic Activities of CCN Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1489:251-60. [PMID: 27734382 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6430-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In postnatal dentin formation, odontoblast differentiation occurs in the pulp tissue regenerative process under pathological condition. Odontoblasts and newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells beneath the caries lesion form tertiary dentin and are highly odontogenic. To observe the activity of dentinogenesis occur within the hard tissue, a combination of immunohistological analysis and immunodetection of dentinogenesis specific molecules, such as dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and/or its cleaved products dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), is a reliable approach. Besides, recent studies have revealed that the expression of CCN family member 2 (CCN2), a member of the CCN family protein, is confirmed in accordance with tooth development and reparative dentin formation. Therefore, CCN2 could serve as a marker for dentinogenesis. Here, we describe a method for visualizing the CCN2 signal as an odontogenic activity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of demineralized human teeth and human dental pulp cells.
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Zuo J, Zhen J, Wang F, Li Y, Zhou Z. Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Expression of Calcium Ion Transport-Related Proteins during Tertiary Dentin Formation. Ultrasound Med Biol 2018; 44:223-233. [PMID: 29079395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is known for its positive effect on bone healing and reparative regeneration. This study investigated whether LIPUS affects reparative progression of the tooth and the expression of calcium ion transport-related proteins in odontoblasts and dental pulp cells using a rat dentin-pulp complex injury model. Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cavity preparation in the right maxillary first molar: 20 received LIPUS irradiation on the cavity-prepared tooth; 20 received LIPUS irradiation on the left maxillary first molar. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups: blank control group, LIPUS group, cavity-prepared group, cavity-prepared + LIPUS group. LIPUS irradiation (frequency: 1.5 MHz, 200-µs pulse width, 1-kHz pulse repetition frequency, 30 mW/cm2 spatial averaged temporal averaged intensity) was administered individually for 20 min daily. Rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 7 and 14 d post-operation. The histopathological and cellular morphologic changes in the dentin-pulp complex were detected with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of calcium ion transport-related proteins (Cav1.2, NCX1 and TRPV1) was determined with immunohistochemical staining and imaging analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed obvious reparative dentin formation at day 14 in the cavity-prepared + LIPUS group compared with the other groups. Expression levels of Cav1.2, NCX1 and TRPV1 increased significantly by 22%, 53% and 23%, respectively, at day 1 and increased significantly by 23%, 27% and 22%, respectively, at day 3 in the cavity-prepared + LIPUS group (p <0.05) compared with the cavity-prepared group. LIPUS has a positive effect on the expression of calcium transport-related proteins during early-stage dentin injury and facilitates tertiary dentin formation; the mechanism for this likely relates to the inflammatory reaction and a mechanical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxiu Zhen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueheng Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Wang F, Li Y, Yang Z, Lu K, Zuo J, Zhou Z. Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on a Rat Model of Dentin-Dental Pulp Injury and Repair. Ultrasound Med Biol 2017; 43:163-175. [PMID: 27814934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated histopathologic changes in dental pulp after treatment with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). Fifty rats were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 25) and a blank control group (n = 25). In the experimental group, a cavity was prepared in the bilateral maxillary first molars. The upper right first molars were stimulated with LIPUS (30 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz) for 20 min/d. The cavities prepared in the left teeth were used as experimental controls (i.e., no LIPUS). Five rats in each group were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14. Inflammatory response was visible at different time points after cavity preparation, peaking at day 3, after which it gradually weakened. More reparative dentin was found on the LIPUS treatment side. transforming growth factor-β1 expression increased after treatment, peaking at day 5 and returning to normal at day 14 on both sides, but was stronger with LIPUS treatment. SMAD2 and SMAD3 expressions in the dental pulp gradually increased after cavity preparation, especially in the experimental group. LIPUS promoted the repair of dentin-pulp complex injury, to a certain extent and should be investigated further as a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueheng Li
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Lu
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zuo
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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