1
|
Antolini E. The Application of 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4) and Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells: Catalyst Supports, ORR Catalysts, and Membrane Fillers. Molecules 2025; 30:1852. [PMID: 40333859 PMCID: PMC12029860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have gained remarkable attention due to their resemblance to graphene. These materials have a wide range of applications in energy and other sustainable fields, including heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis. g-C3N4 and h-BN can play different roles in low-temperature fuel cells. They can be used as catalyst supports, catalysts for oxygen reduction, and membrane fillers. In this work, the application of pure and doped g-C3N4 and h-BN, alone or as composite materials, in low-temperature fuel cells is overviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermete Antolini
- Scuola di Scienza dei Materiali, Via 25 Aprile 22, Cogoleto, 16016 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou H, Huan Z, Wang N, Lu J, Liu H, Wang S, Li Y. Comparative Study on the Proton Conduction Behaviors of Two Acidic Amphiphilic and Hydrophilic Coordination Compounds in Nafion Composite Membranes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14402-14414. [PMID: 39041672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The acidic amphiphilic compound H[Co(H2L1)(HL1)(phen)]·3H2O (H4(Co-L1), H3L1 = 5-(3', 5'-dicarboxylphenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic, phen = phenanthroline) and the hydrophilic compound [Ni(HL2)(H2O)5]·H2O (H(Ni-L2), H3L2 = 5-(3',5'-dicarboxylphenyl)-pyridine-3-carboxylic) were synthesized via hydrothermal reactions at acidic conditions. The acidity of H4(Co-L1) is stronger than of H(Ni-L2); while the hydrogen bond continuity in H4(Co-L1) extended monodirectionally, which is smaller compared to the three-directional extension observed in H(Ni-L2). The proton conduction behaviors of these two compounds as fillers of Nafion composite membranes have been investigated. The results indicate that the optimal doping amounts of H4(Co-L1) and H(Ni-L2) are 2 and 1%, respectively; the proton conductivities of H4(Co-L1)/Nafion-2 and H(Ni-L2)/Nafion-1 composite membranes are 0.243 and 0.212 S·cm-1, respectively, which are approximately 50.2 and 30.6% higher than that of pure Nafion membrane, respectively. A higher doping amount of H4(Co-L1) can be attributed to its hydrophobic phen ligand, which promotes compatibility with Nafion membrane and reduces aggregation. Hydrogen bond continuity has a more significant effect on proton conductivity than acidity at relatively low doping amounts; conversely, this relationship reverses at relatively high doping amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Ding L, Zou H, Huan Z, Liu H, Lu J, Wang S, Li Y. A simple MOF constructed using Pb(II) with strong polarizing force: a filler of Nafion membrane to increase proton conductivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16650-16660. [PMID: 37905736 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02911e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising competitive candidates as fillers for Nafion proton exchange membrane (PEM). Increasing efforts have been made to explore methods for synthesizing MOF fillers and the mechanism by which MOF doping improves the proton conductivity (σH+) values of composite membranes. In this study, a Pb(II) cation with strong polarizing force was selected for the hydrothermal reaction with a simple sulfoterephthalate ligand (H3L). Pb-MOF [Pb2L(OH)]n was obtained, which was constructed using Pb-O layers and deprotonated sulfoterephthalate L3- and exhibited good thermal and water stability. Different amounts of Pb-MOF particles were doped into Nafion to fabricate Pb-MOF/Nafion-x composite membranes, which were characterized using SEM, PXRD, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and other methods. It was found that doping Pb-MOF can apparently improve the water absorbability and thermal stability of the composite membrane. The σH+ of the Pb-MOF/Nafion-7 composite membrane was the highest and 2.14 times that of the pure Nafion membrane at 353 K. The higher proton conduction properties may be explained by the strong polarization force, and Pb(II) cations on the surface of Pb-MOF can decrease the bond energy of the O-H bond of absorbed water molecules and increase the acidity of the composite membrane. The phenomena in this study and our previous study confirm that acidity is the most important factor in favor of proton conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Li Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Huiqi Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Huan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang SH, Jeong HY, Yoon SJ, So S, Choi J, Kim TH, Yu DM. Hydrocarbon-Based Composite Membrane Using LCP-Nonwoven Fabrics for Durable Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092109. [PMID: 37177255 PMCID: PMC10181224 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hydrocarbon-based (HC) composite membrane was developed using liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-nonwoven fabrics for application in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). A copolymer of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with a sulfonation degree of 50 mol% (SPAES50) was utilized as an ionomer for the HC membranes and impregnated into the LCP-nonwoven fabrics without any surface treatment of the LCP. The physical interlocking structure between the SPAES50 and LCP-nonwoven fabrics was investigated, validating the outstanding mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composite membrane in comparison to the pristine membrane. In addition, the through-plane proton conductivity of the composite membrane at 80 °C was only 15% lower than that of the pristine membrane because of the defect-free impregnation state, minimizing the decrease in the proton conductivity caused by the non-proton conductive LCP. During the electrochemical evaluation, the superior cell performance of the composite membrane was evident, with a current density of 5.41 A/cm2 at 1.9 V, compared to 4.65 A/cm2 for the pristine membrane, which can be attributed to the smaller membrane resistance of the composite membrane. From the results of the degradation rates, the prepared composite membrane also showed enhanced cell efficiency and durability during the PEMWE operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyeon Kang
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Yeop Jeong
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyong So
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Man Yu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei W, Nan S, Wang H, Xu S, Liu X, He R. Design and preparation of sulfonated polymer membranes for Zn/MnO2 flow batteries with assistance of machine learning. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
6
|
Ding L, Zou H, Lu J, Liu H, Wang S, Yan H, Li Y. Enhancing Proton Conductivity of Nafion Membrane by Incorporating Porous Tb-Metal-Organic Framework Modified with Nitro Groups. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16185-16196. [PMID: 36173130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rigid carboxylate ligand with a nitro functional group was selected to coordinate with Tb(III) cation, and Tb-MOF ({[Tb4(L)4(OH)4(H2O)3]·8H2O}n, H2L = 2-nitroterephthalic acid) with large porous and excellent hydrophilicity was obtained successfully. The obtained Tb-MOF was filled into the Nafion matrix to improve its proton conduction performance. The Tb-MOF/Nafion composite membrane was characterized by PXRD, IR, and thermogravimetry (TG) and for water uptake, area swelling, and proton conductivity. The activity energy, Ea, value of the composite membrane, which is a very important factor affecting the proton conduction performance of the membrane, was fitted and calculated. It was revealed that Tb-MOF can improve the proton conductivities of composite membranes, and the improvement degree and Ea value were both affected by Tb-MOF content. When Tb-MOF content was 5%, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane was 1.53 × 10-2 S·cm-1 at 100% RH and 80 °C, which is 1.81 times that of the pure Nafion membrane. A MOF containing a nitro functional group was first doped into Nafion in this study and exhibited excellent performance for improving composite membrane proton conductivity. This study will provide a valuable reference for designing different functionalized MOFs to promote the proton conductivities of proton exchange membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Huiqi Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone/boron nitride composite membranes for high proton conductivity and long-term stability high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
8
|
Mahimai BM, Sivasubramanian G, Moorthy S, Deivanayagam P. Copper Metal Organic Framework-Encapsulated Ionic Liquid-Decorated Sulfonated Polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene-ranbutylene)- block-polystyrene Membranes for Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berlina Maria Mahimai
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gandhimathi Sivasubramanian
- Department of Physics, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Siva Moorthy
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Paradesi Deivanayagam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Hao X, Cheng G, Huang S, Han D, Xiao M, Wang S, Meng Y. In situ implantation of cross-linked functional POSS blocks in Nafion® for high performance direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Maria Mahimai B, Kulasekaran P, Deivanayagam P. Novel polysulfone/sulfonated polyaniline/niobium pentoxide polymer blend nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berlina Maria Mahimai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District Tamilnadu India
| | - Poonkuzhali Kulasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District Tamilnadu India
| | - Paradesi Deivanayagam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District Tamilnadu India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vatanpour V, Naziri Mehrabani SA, Keskin B, Arabi N, Zeytuncu B, Koyuncu I. A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials in Membrane Fabrication and Modification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Vatanpour
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Seyed Ali Naziri Mehrabani
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- Nano Science and Nano Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Basak Keskin
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Negar Arabi
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- Nano Science and Nano Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Bihter Zeytuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aburabie J, Lalia B, Hashaikeh R. Proton Conductive, Low Methanol Crossover Cellulose-Based Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:539. [PMID: 34357189 PMCID: PMC8305687 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development of sulfated cellulose (SC) polymer and explores its potential as an electrolyte-membrane for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The fabrication of our membranes was initiated by the preparation of the novel sulfated cellulose solution via controlled acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Ion-conductive crosslinked SC membranes were prepared following a chemical crosslinking reaction. SC solution was chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and cured at 30 °C to produce the aforementioned membranes. Effects of GA concentration on methanol permeability, proton conductivity, water uptake and thermal stabilities were investigated. The crosslinking reaction is confirmed by FTIR technique where a bond between the primary OH groups of cellulose and the GA aldehyde groups was achieved, leading to the increased hydrophobic backbone domains in the membrane. The results show that the time of crosslinking reaction highly affects the proton conduction and methanol permeability. The proton conductivity and methanol crossover (3M) of our GA crosslinked SC membranes are 3.7 × 10-2 mS cm-1 and 8.2 × 10-9 cm2 s-1, respectively. Crosslinked sulfated cellulose films have lower ion conductivity than the state-of-the-art Nafion (10.2 mS cm-1); however, the methanol crossover is three orders of magnitude lower than Nafion membranes (1.0 × 10-5 cm2 s-1 at 1 M). Such biofilms with high methanol resistivity address the major hurdle that prevents the widespread applications of direct alcohol fuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raed Hashaikeh
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; (J.A.); (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaur J, Malekkhouyan A, Selopal GS, Wang ZM, Rosei F, Zarrin H. Bidirectional Superionic Conduction in Surface-Engineered 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitrides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6532-6544. [PMID: 33499606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We designed functionalized hexagonal boron nitride (FhBN) nanoflakes with high proton conductivity in both in- and through-plane directions as next generation polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for energy storage and conversion systems. The synthesis and functionalization of hBN nanoflakes with sulfonic acid (SA) groups are obtained by one-step and in situ liquid-phase exfoliation with excellent dispersibility and stability over a period of three months. The physico/chemical properties of FhBN nanoflakes were investigated by different spectroscopic and microscopic characterization, confirming chemical interactions between hBN lattice and SA groups. High concentrations (65 and 75 wt %) of FhBN nanoflakes composed with Nafion solution formed stable FhBN-Nafion nanocomposite PEMs, offering extra proton conduction sites, doubling ion-exchange capacity, and reducing the swelling ratio compared to those of Nafion. Our results demonstrate that both the in-plane and through-plane proton conductivities of FhBN-Nafion PEMs significantly improve under various conditions comparative to that of Nafion. The maximum values of both in- and through-plane conductivities for FhBN75%-Nafion PEM at 80% of humidity and 80 °C are 0.41 and 0.1 S·cm-1, respectively, which are 7 and 14 times higher than those of Nafion. The bidirectional superionic transport in highly concentrated FhBN PEMs is responsible for outstanding properties, useful for electrochemical energy devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Kaur
- Nano-Engineering Laboratory of Energy & Environmental Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Adel Malekkhouyan
- Nano-Engineering Laboratory of Energy & Environmental Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Gurpreet S Selopal
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 0610054, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 0610054, P.R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 0610054, P.R. China
| | - Hadis Zarrin
- Nano-Engineering Laboratory of Energy & Environmental Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo X, Fan Y, Xu J, Wang L, Zheng J. Amino-MIL-53(Al)-Nanosheets@Nafion Composite Membranes with Improved Proton/Methanol Selectivity for Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Guo
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jianing Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jifu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li RY, Liu HT, Chu ZT, Zhou CC, Lu J, Wang SN. Two nonporous MOFs with uncoordinated carboxylate groups: Fillers for enhancing the proton conductivities of nafion membrane. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Yadav V, Kulshrestha V. Boron nitride: a promising material for proton exchange membranes for energy applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12755-12773. [PMID: 31267118 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is an exciting material and has drawn the attention of researchers for the last decade due to its surprising properties, including large surface area, thermomechanical stability, and high chemical resistance. Functionalization of BN is a new area of interest to build up novel properties and applications of BN. BN and functionalized BN are promising membrane materials and show enormous advantages ascribed to their simple synthesis, high surface area, mechanical and thermal stability, and distinctive mechanical properties. BN-based proton exchange membranes show improvement in their physicochemical, electrochemical, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. Only a few research studies have been carried out on BN-based highly stable proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for various electrochemical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the functionalization of BN by different methods. The synthesis of different proton exchange membranes has also been discussed in this article. In addition, the potential applications of hybrid proton exchange membranes have also been mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Yadav
- CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364002, Gujarat, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364002, Gujarat, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364002, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A facile synthesis of graphene nanoribbon-quantum dot hybrids and their application for composite electrolyte membrane in direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
Parthiban V, Panda SK, Sahu AK. Highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots-Nafion as proton selective hybrid membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Ahmed S, Cai Y, Ali M, Khanal S, Xu S. Preparation and performance of nanoparticle-reinforced chitosan proton-exchange membranes for fuel-cell applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yangben Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Santosh Khanal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Qinghai University; Xining 810016 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Liang L, Liu C, Li Y, Xing W, Sun J. Self-Healing Proton-Exchange Membranes Composed of Nafion-Poly(vinyl alcohol) Complexes for Durable Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707146. [PMID: 29707857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) that can heal mechanical damage to restore original functions are important for the fabrication of durable and reliable direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The fabrication of healable PEMs that exhibit satisfactory mechanical stability, enhanced proton conductivity, and suppressed methanol permeability via hydrogen-bonding complexation between Nafion and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) followed by postmodification with 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) molecules is presented. Compared with pure Nafion, the CBA/Nafion-PVA membranes exhibit enhanced mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of ≈20.3 MPa and strain of ≈380%. The CBA/Nafion-PVA membrane shows a proton conductivity of 0.11 S cm-1 at 80 °C, which is 1.2-fold higher than that of a Nafion membrane. The incorporated PVA gives the CBA/Nafion-PVA membranes excellent proton conductivity and methanol resistance. The resulting CBA/Nafion-PVA membranes are capable of healing mechanical damage of several tens of micrometers in size and restoring their original proton conductivity and methanol resistance under the working conditions of DMFCs. The healing property originates from the reversibility of hydrogen-bonding interactions between Nafion and CBA-modified PVA and the high chain mobility of Nafion and CBA-modified PVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liang Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Changpeng Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han R, Wu P. Composite Proton-Exchange Membrane with Highly Improved Proton Conductivity Prepared by in Situ Crystallization of Porous Organic Cage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18351-18358. [PMID: 29745640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic cage, a kind of newly emerging soluble crystalline porous material, is introduced to proton-exchange membrane by in situ crystallization. The crystallized Cage 3 with intrinsic water-meditated three-dimensional interconnected proton pathways working together with Nafion matrix generates a composite membrane with highly improved proton conductivity. Different from inorganic crystalline porous materials, like metal-organic frameworks, the organic porous material shows better compatibility with Nafion matrix due to the absence of inorganic elements. In addition, Cage 3 can absorb water up to 20.1 wt %, which effectively facilitates proton conduction under both high- and low-humidity conditions. Meanwhile, the selectivity of Nafion-Cage 3 composite membrane is also elevated upon the loading of Cage 3. The proton conductivity is evidently enhanced without obvious increased methanol permeability. At 90 °C and 95% RH, the proton conductivity of NC3-5 reaches 0.27 S·cm-1, highly improved compared to 0.08 S·cm-1 of recast Nafion under the same condition. This study offers a new strategy for modifying proton-exchange membrane with crystalline porous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , 200433 Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , 200433 Shanghai , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar AG, Singh A, Komber H, Voit B, Tiwari BR, Noori MT, Ghangrekar MM, Banerjee S. Novel Sulfonated Co-poly(ether imide)s Containing Trifluoromethyl, Fluorenyl and Hydroxyl Groups for Enhanced Proton Exchange Membrane Properties: Application in Microbial Fuel Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14803-14817. [PMID: 29659253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A hydroxyl group containing new cardo diamine monomer was synthesized, namely 9,9-bis (hydroxy- (4'-amino(3-trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-oxy)-phenyl)-9H-fluorene (mixture of isomers, HAPHPF). HAPHPF, along with a sulfonated diamine monomer, 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DSDSA), was used to prepare a series of new sulfonated copolyimides by polycondensation with 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA). The degree of sulfonation (DS < 1) was adjusted by the feed ratio of DSDSA/HAPHPF and the copolymers were named as DHN-XX, where XX denotes the mole percentage of DSDSA (XX = 50, 60, and 70). The copolymers showed high molecular weights. The copolymer structure and composition were confirmed by FTIR and NMR techniques. Copolymer membranes were prepared through solution cast route by using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. The membranes showed high thermal, mechanical, hydrolytic and peroxide radical stability, and low water uptake and low swelling ratios. Well-separated hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase morphology was observed in TEM and AFM images of the copolymer membranes and was further supported by the SAXS studies. The proton conductivity of the DHN-70 was as high as 97 mS cm-1 at 80 °C and the value is significantly higher than that of the nonhydroxylated analogue. The membranes also showed superior microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance, similar like Nafion 117 under similar test conditions. The chemical oxygen demand removal values provide substantial evidence that the fabricated membranes can be utilized in bioelectrochemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Ru C, Li Z, Zhao C, Duan Y, Zhuang Z, Bu F, Na H. Enhanced Proton Conductivity of Sulfonated Hybrid Poly(arylene ether ketone) Membranes by Incorporating an Amino-Sulfo Bifunctionalized Metal-Organic Framework for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7963-7973. [PMID: 29439561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel side-chain-type sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) (SNF-PAEK) containing naphthalene and fluorine moieties on the main chain was prepared in this work, and a new amino-sulfo-bifunctionalized metal-organic framework (MNS, short for MIL-101-NH2-SO3H) was synthesized via a hydrothermal technology and postmodification. Then, MNS was incorporated into a SNF-PAEK matrix as an inorganic nanofiller to prepare a series of organic-inorganic hybrid membranes (MNS@SNF-PAEK-XX). The mechanical property, methanol resistance, electrochemistry, and other properties of MNS@SNF-PAEK-XX hybrid membranes were characterized in detail. We found that the mechanical strength and methanol resistances of these hybrid membranes were improved by the formation of an ionic cross-linking structure between -NH2 of MNS and -SO3H on the side chain of SNF-PAEK. Particularly, the proton conductivity of these hybrid membranes increased obviously after the addition of MNS. MNS@SNF-PAEK-3% exhibited the proton conductivity of 0.192 S·cm-1, which was much higher than those of the pristine membrane (0.145 S·cm-1) and recast Nafion (0.134 S·cm-1) at 80 °C. This result indicated that bifunctionalized MNS rearranged the microstructure of hybrid membranes, which could accelerate the transfer of protons. The hybrid membrane (MNS@SNF-PAEK-3%) showed a better direct methanol fuel cell performance with a higher peak power density of 125.7 mW/cm2 at 80 °C and a higher open-circuit voltage (0.839 V) than the pristine membrane.
Collapse
|
25
|
Peng KJ, Lai JY, Liu YL. Preparation of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) grafted Nafion with a Nafion-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for proton exchange membranes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafion-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare graft copolymers of Nafion for proton exchange membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jen Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- 30013 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Chung Yuan University
- Chungli
- Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- 30013 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|