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De-Eknamkul C, Huang W, Zhang X, Ren Y, Cubukcu E. Transport and Spatial Separation of Valley Coherence via Few Layer WS 2 Exciton-Polaritons. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1078-1084. [PMID: 38576862 PMCID: PMC10993736 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The optical response in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) is dominated by excitons. The lack of spatial inversion symmetry in the hexagonal lattice within each TMDC layer leads to valley-dependent excitonic emission of photoluminescence. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the spatial separation of valley coherent emission into orthogonal directions through self-resonant exciton polaritons of a free-standing three-layer (3L) WS2 waveguide. This was achieved by patterning a photonic crystal consisting of a square array of holes allowing for the far field probing of valley coherence of engendered exciton-polaritons. Furthermore, we report detailed experimental modal characterization of this coupled system in good agreement with theory. Momentum space measurements reveal a degree of valley coherence in the range 30-60%. This work provides a platform for manipulation of valley excitons in coherent light-matter states for potential implementations of valley-coherent optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundong Ren
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
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Optical Response of CVD-Grown ML-WS2 Flakes on an Ultra-Dense Au NP Plasmonic Array. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of metallic nanostructures with two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides is an efficient way to make the optical properties of the latter more appealing for opto-electronic applications. In this work, we investigate the optical properties of monolayer WS2 flakes grown by chemical vapour deposition and transferred onto a densely-packed array of plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs). The optical response was measured as a function of the thickness of a dielectric spacer intercalated between the two materials and of the system temperature, in the 75–350 K range. We show that a weak interaction is established between WS2 and Au NPs, leading to temperature- and spacer-thickness-dependent coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au NPs and the WS2 exciton. We suggest that the closely-packed morphology of the plasmonic array promotes a high confinement of the electromagnetic field in regions inaccessible by the WS2 deposited on top. This allows the achievement of direct contact between WS2 and Au while preserving a strong connotation of the properties of the two materials also in the hybrid system.
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Lan HY, Hsieh YH, Chiao ZY, Jariwala D, Shih MH, Yen TJ, Hess O, Lu YJ. Gate-Tunable Plasmon-Enhanced Photodetection in a Monolayer MoS 2 Phototransistor with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3083-3091. [PMID: 33761260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), direct bandgap materials with an atomically thin nature, are promising materials for electronics and photonics, especially at highly scaled lateral dimensions. However, the characteristically low total absorption of photons in the monolayer TMD has become a challenge in the access to and realization of monolayer TMD-based high-performance optoelectronic functionalities and devices. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable plasmonic phototransistors (photoFETs) that consist of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) photoFETs integrated with the two-dimensional plasmonic crystals. The plasmonic photoFET has an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 2.7 × 104 AW-1, achieving a 7.2-fold enhancement in the photocurrent compared to pristine photoFETs. This benefits predominately from the combination of the enhancement of the photon-absorption-rate via the strongly localized-electromagnetic-field and the gate-tunable plasmon-induced photocarrier-generation-rate in the monolayer MoS2. These results demonstrate a systematic methodology for designing ultrathin plasmon-enhanced photodetectors based on monolayer TMDs for next-generation ultracompact optoelectronic devices in the trans-Moore era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Lan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yi Chiao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ortwin Hess
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Villani M, Rossi F, Calestani D, Salviati G, Fabbri F. Evaluating the plasmon-exciton interaction in ZnO tetrapods coupled with gold nanostructures by nanoscale cathodoluminescence. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasmon-exciton coupling is gaining increasing interest for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic, photonic and photo-catalytic devices. Herein we evaluate the interaction of excitons in zinc oxide tetrapods with surface plasmons of gold nanostructures with different morphologies. The gold nanostructures are grown in situ on ZnO tetrapods by means of a photochemical process, resulting in clean interfaces. The modification of the synthesis parameters results in different morphologies, as isolated nanoparticles, nano-domes or nanoparticles aggregates. Plasmon-exciton interaction is evaluated by means of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and mapping at the nanoscale. The ZnO excitonic emission is strongly blue-shifted and broadened in close proximity of the gold nanostructures. This effect is explained by the formation of a Schottky barrier that is strongly mediated by the morphology of metal nanostructures.
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Luo Z, Jia H, Lv L, Wang Q, Yan X. Gate-tunable trion binding energy in monolayer MoS 2 with plasmonic superlattice. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17754-17761. [PMID: 32815964 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit promising potential and attract the attention of the world in the application of optoelectronic devices owing to their distinctive physical and chemical properties. The real-time control of light-matter interactions in semiconductor devices through an external optical resonant cavity is crucial for designing next-generation optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the spectroscopic identification of trion binding energy in monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistors with plasmonic nanoresonators. In consequence, the binding energy could be regulated dynamically through an external electric field. In addition, after increasing the carrier injection, the evidence of the enhanced trion binding energy can also be observed, which can be utilized for researching magneto-plasmons. The ability to dynamically control the optical properties by electrostatic doping opens a platform for designing next-generation optoelectronic and valleytronic applications in two-dimensional crystals with accurate and precise tailored responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Luo
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
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Thermal and Photo Sensing Capabilities of Mono- and Few-Layer Thick Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11070693. [PMID: 32708888 PMCID: PMC7408618 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown promise in various optical and electrical applications. Among these materials, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been heavily studied recently for their photodetection and thermoelectric properties. The recent progress in fabrication, defect engineering, doping, and heterostructure design has shown vast improvements in response time and sensitivity, which can be applied to both contact-based (thermocouple), and non-contact (photodetector) thermal sensing applications. These improvements have allowed the possibility of cost-effective and tunable thermal sensors for novel applications, such as broadband photodetectors, ultrafast detectors, and high thermoelectric figures of merit. In this review, we summarize the properties arisen in works that focus on the respective qualities of TMD-based photodetectors and thermocouples, with a focus on their optical, electrical, and thermoelectric capabilities for using them in sensing and detection.
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De-Eknamkul C, Zhang X, Zhao MQ, Huang W, Liu R, Johnson ATC, Cubukcu E. MoS 2-enabled dual-mode optoelectronic biosensor using a water soluble variant of μ-opioid receptor for opioid peptide detection. 2D MATERIALS 2020; 7:014004. [PMID: 32523701 PMCID: PMC7286605 DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab5ae2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique electrical and optical properties, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have been extensively studied for their potential applications in biosensing. However, simultaneous utilization of both optical and electrical properties has been overlooked, yet it can offer enhanced accuracy and detection versitility. Here, we demonstrate a dual-mode optoelectronic biosensor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) capable of producing simultaneous electrical and optical readouts of biomolecular signals. On a single platform, the biosensor exhibits a tunable photonic Fano-type optical resonance while also functioning as a field-effect transistor (FET) based on a optically transparent gate electrode. Furthermore, chemical vapor deposition grown MoS2 provides a clean surface for direct immobilization of a water-soluble variant of the μ-opioid receptor (wsMOR), via a nickel ion-mediated linker chemistry. We utilize a synthetic opioid peptide to show the operation of the electronic and optical sensing modes. The responses of both modes exhibit a similar trend with dynamic ranges of four orders of magnitude and detection limits of <1 nM. Our work explores the potential of a versatile multimodal sensing platform enabled by monolayer MoS2, since the integration of electrical and optical sensors on the same chip can offer flexibility in read-out and improve the accuracy in detection of low concentration targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, United States of America
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, United States of America
| | - Meng-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0407, United States of America
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - A T Charlie Johnson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0407, United States of America
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Myers BD, Palacios E, Myers DI, Butun S, Aydin K, Dravid VP. Stimuli-Responsive DNA-Linked Nanoparticle Arrays as Programmable Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4535-4542. [PMID: 31184155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self- and directed-assembly approaches have enabled precise control over the composition and geometry of 2D and 3D nanoparticle constructs. However, the resulting structures are typically static, providing only a single structural arrangement of the nanoparticle building blocks. In this work, the power of DNA-linked nanoparticle assembly is coupled to a grayscale patterning technique to create programmable surfaces for assembly and thermally activated reorganization of gold nanoparticle arrays. Direct grayscale patterning of DNA monolayers by electron-beam lithography (DNA-EBL) enables the production of surfaces with nanometer-scale control over the density of functional DNA. This enables tuning of the particle-surface interactions with single-nanoparticle resolution and without the need for a physical template as employed in most directed assembly methods. This technique is applied on suspended membrane structures to achieve high-resolution assembly of 2D nanoparticle arrays with highly mutable architectures. Gold nanorods assembled on grayscale-patterned surfaces exhibit temperature-dependent configurations and ordering behavior that result in tunable polarization-dependent optical properties. In addition, spherical gold particles assembled from a bimodal suspension produce arrays with temperature-dependent configurations of small and large particles. These results have important implications for the design and fabrication of reconfigurable nanoparticle arrays for application as structurally tunable optical metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Myers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- NUANCE Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Edgar Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Dorota I Myers
- Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Serkan Butun
- NUANCE Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Koray Aydin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- NUANCE Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Liu Z, Wells SA, Butun S, Palacios E, Hersam MC, Aydin K. Extrinsic polarization-controlled optical anisotropy in plasmon-black phosphorus coupled system. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:285202. [PMID: 29671407 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabf53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has drawn extensive research interest due to its promising anisotropic photonic and electronic properties. Here, we study anisotropic optical absorption and photoresponse of exfoliated BP flakes at visible frequencies. We enhance this intrinsic optical anisotropy in BP flakes by coupling plasmonic rectangular nanopatch arrays that support localized surface plasmon resonances. In particular, by combining extrinsic anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures lithographically aligned with intrinsically anisotropic BP flakes, we demonstrate for the first time a combined anisotropic plasmonic-semiconductor coupling that provides significant control over the polarization-dependent optical properties of the plasmon-BP hybrid material system, enhancing polarization-sensitive responses to a larger degree. This hybrid material system not only unveils the plasmon-enhanced mechanisms in BP, but also provides novel controllable functionalities in optoelectronic device applications involving polarization-sensitive optical and electrical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
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Production Methods of Van der Waals Heterostructures Based on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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