1
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Liu Y, Xie H, Li Z, Dos Reis R, Li J, Hu X, Meza P, AlMalki M, Snyder GJ, Grayson MA, Wolverton C, Kanatzidis MG, Dravid VP. Implications and Optimization of Domain Structures in IV-VI High-Entropy Thermoelectric Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38669614 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy semiconductors are now an important class of materials widely investigated for thermoelectric applications. Understanding the impact of chemical and structural heterogeneity on transport properties in these compositionally complex systems is essential for thermoelectric design. In this work, we uncover the polar domain structures in the high-entropy PbGeSnSe1.5Te1.5 system and assess their impact on thermoelectric properties. We found that polar domains induced by crystal symmetry breaking give rise to well-structured alternating strain fields. These fields effectively disrupt phonon propagation and suppress the thermal conductivity. We demonstrate that the polar domain structures can be modulated by tuning crystal symmetry through entropy engineering in PbGeSnAgxSbxSe1.5+xTe1.5+x. Incremental increases in the entropy enhance the crystal symmetry of the system, which suppresses domain formation and loses its efficacy in suppressing phonon propagation. As a result, the room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity increases from κL = 0.63 Wm-1 K-1 (x = 0) to 0.79 Wm-1 K-1 (x = 0.10). In the meantime, the increase in crystal symmetry, however, leads to enhanced valley degeneracy and improves the weighted mobility from μw = 29.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 (x = 0) to 35.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 (x = 0.10). As such, optimal thermoelectric performance can be achieved through entropy engineering by balancing weighted mobility and lattice thermal conductivity. This work, for the first time, studies the impact of polar domain structures on thermoelectric properties, and the developed understanding of the intricate interplay between crystal symmetry, polar domains, and transport properties, along with the impact of entropy control, provides valuable insights into designing GeTe-based high-entropy thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongyao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Juncen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paty Meza
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muath AlMalki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 1261, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew A Grayson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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2
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Christudas Beena N, Magnard NPL, Puggioni D, Dos Reis R, Chatterjee K, Zhan X, Dravid VP, Rondinelli JM, Jensen KMØ, Skrabalak SE. Influence of Composition and Structure on the Optoelectronic Properties of Photocatalytic Bi 4NbO 8Cl-Bi 2GdO 4Cl Intergrowths. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38639743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mixed metal oxyhalides are an exciting class of photocatalysts, capable of the sustainable generation of fuels and remediation of pollutants with solar energy. Bismuth oxyhalides of the types Bi4MO8X (M = Nb and Ta; X = Cl and Br) and Bi2AO4X (A = most lanthanides; X = Cl, Br, and I) have an electronic structure that imparts photostability, as their valence band maxima (VBM) are composed of O 2p orbitals rather than X np orbitals that typify many other bismuth oxyhalides. Here, flux-based synthesis of intergrowth Bi4NbO8Cl-Bi2GdO4Cl is reported, testing the hypothesis that both intergrowth stoichiometry and M identity serve as levers toward tunable optoelectronic properties. X-ray scattering and atomically resolved electron microscopy verify intergrowth formation. Facile manipulation of the Bi4NbO8Cl-to-Bi2GdO4Cl ratio is achieved with the specific ratio influencing both the crystal and electronic structures of the intergrowths. This compositional flexibility and crystal structure engineering can be leveraged for photocatalytic applications, with comparisons to the previously reported Bi4TaO8Cl-Bi2GdO4Cl intergrowth revealing how subtle structural and compositional features can impact photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Christudas Beena
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Nicolas P L Magnard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaustav Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xun Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sara E Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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Barsoum ML, Hofmann J, Xie H, Chen Z, Vornholt SM, Dos Reis R, Burns N, Kycia S, Chapman KW, Dravid VP, Farha OK. Probing Structural Transformations and Degradation Mechanisms by Direct Observation in SIFSIX-3-Ni for Direct Air Capture. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6557-6565. [PMID: 38271670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite global efforts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, continued industrialization threatens to exacerbate climate change. This work investigates methods to capture CO2, with a focus on the SIFSIX-3-Ni metal-organic framework (MOF) as a direct air capture (DAC) sorbent. SIFSIX-3-Ni exhibits promising CO2 adsorption properties but suffers from degradation processes under accelerated aging, which are akin to column regeneration conditions. Herein, we have grown the largest SIFSIX-3-Ni single crystals to date, facilitating single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses that enabled direct observation of the H2O and CO2 dynamics through adsorption and desorption. In addition, a novel space group (I4/mcm) for the SIFSIX-3-Ni is identified, which provided insights into structural transitions within the framework and elucidated water's role in degrading CO2 uptake performance as the material ages. In situ X-ray scattering methods revealed long-range and local structural transformations associated with CO2 adsorption in the framework pores as well as a temperature-dependent desorption mechanism. Pair distribution function analysis revealed a partial decomposition to form nonporous single-layer nanosheets of edge-sharing nickel oxide octahedra upon aging. The formation of these nanosheets is irreversible and reduces the amount of active material for the CO2 sorption. These findings provide crucial insights for the development of efficient and stable DAC sorbents, effectively reducing greenhouse gases, and suggest avenues for enhancing MOF stability under practical DAC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jan Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Haomiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhihengyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Simon M Vornholt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas Burns
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stefan Kycia
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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4
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Koo K, Li Z, Liu Y, Ribet SM, Fu X, Jia Y, Chen X, Shekhawat G, Smeets PJM, Dos Reis R, Park J, Yuk JM, Hu X, Dravid VP. Ultrathin silicon nitride microchip for in situ/operando microscopy with high spatial resolution and spectral visibility. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj6417. [PMID: 38232154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of in situ/operando methods with broad beams and localized probes has accelerated our understanding of fluid-surface interactions in recent decades. The closed-cell microchips based on silicon nitride (SiNx) are widely used as "nanoscale reactors" inside the high-vacuum electron microscopes. However, the field has been stalled by the high background scattering from encapsulation (typically ~100 nanometers) that severely limits the figures of merit for in situ performance. This adverse effect is particularly notorious for gas cell as the sealing membranes dominate the overall scattering, thereby blurring any meaningful signals and limiting the resolution. Herein, we show that by adopting the back-supporting strategy, encapsulating membrane can be reduced substantially, down to ~10 nanometers while maintaining structural resiliency. The systematic gas cell work demonstrates advantages in figures of merit for hitherto the highest spatial resolution and spectral visibility. Furthermore, this strategy can be broadly adopted into other types of microchips, thus having broader impact beyond the in situ/operando fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Internaional Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Internaional Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Internaional Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xianbiao Fu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xinqi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Gajendra Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jungjae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Internaional Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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5
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Torres-Castanedo CG, Buchholz DB, Pham T, Zheng L, Cheng M, Dravid VP, Hersam MC, Bedzyk MJ. Ultrasmooth Epitaxial Pt Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:1921-1929. [PMID: 38123145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) thin films are useful in applications requiring high-conductivity electrodes with excellent thermal and chemical stability. Ultrasmooth and epitaxial Pt thin films with single-crystalline domains have the added benefit of providing ideal templates for the subsequent growth of heteroepitaxial structures. Here, we grow epitaxial Pt (111) electrodes (ca. 30 nm thick) on sapphire (α-Al2O3 (0001)) substrates with pulsed laser deposition. This versatile technique allows control of the growth process and fabrication of films with carefully tailored parameters. X-ray scattering, atomic-force microscopy, and electron microscopy provide structural characterization of the films. Various gaseous atmospheres and temperatures were explored to achieve epitaxial growth of films with low roughness. A two-step (500 °C/300 °C) growth process was developed, yielding films with improved epitaxy without compromising roughness. The resulting films possess ultrasmooth interfaces (<3 Å) and high electrical conductivity (6.9 × 106 S/m). Finally, Pt films were used as current collectors and templates to grow lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4 (111)) epitaxial thin films, a cathode material used in Li-ion batteries. Using a solid-state ionogel electrolyte, the films were highly stable when electrochemically cycled in the 3.5-4.3 V vs Li/Li+ range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Torres-Castanedo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - D Bruce Buchholz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liyang Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (NUANCE), Northwestern University,Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Du JS, Cherqui C, Ueltschi TW, Wahl CB, Bourgeois M, Van Duyne RP, Schatz GC, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Discovering polyelemental nanostructures with redistributed plasmonic modes through combinatorial synthesis. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj6129. [PMID: 38134271 PMCID: PMC10745681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coupling plasmonic and functional materials provides a promising way to generate multifunctional structures. However, finding plasmonic nanomaterials and elucidating the roles of various geometric and dielectric configurations are tedious. This work describes a combinatorial approach to rapidly exploring and identifying plasmonic heteronanomaterials. Symmetry-broken noble/non-noble metal particle heterojunctions (~100 nanometers) were synthesized on multiwindow silicon chips with silicon nitride membranes. The metal types and the interface locations were controlled to establish a nanoparticle library, where the particle morphology and scattering color can be rapidly screened. By correlating structural data with near- and far-field single-particle spectroscopy data, we found that certain low-energy plasmonic modes could be supported across the heterointerface, while others are localized. Furthermore, we found a series of triangular heteronanoplates stabilized by epitaxial Moiré superlattices, which show strong plasmonic responses despite largely comprising a lossy metal (~70 atomic %). These architectures can become the basis for multifunctional and cost-effective plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan S. Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Charles Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler W. Ueltschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carolin B. Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marc Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - George C. Schatz
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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7
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Ribet SM, Zeltmann SE, Bustillo KC, Dhall R, Denes P, Minor AM, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP, Ophus C. Design of Electrostatic Aberration Correctors for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1950-1960. [PMID: 37851063 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), producing a high-resolution image generally requires an electron beam focused to the smallest point possible. However, the magnetic lenses used to focus the beam are unavoidably imperfect, introducing aberrations that limit resolution. Modern STEMs overcome this by using hardware aberration correctors comprised of many multipole elements, but these devices are complex, expensive, and can be difficult to tune. We demonstrate a design for an electrostatic phase plate that can act as an aberration corrector. The corrector is comprised of annular segments, each of which is an independent two-terminal device that can apply a constant or ramped phase shift to a portion of the electron beam. We show the improvement in image resolution using an electrostatic corrector. Engineering criteria impose that much of the beam within the probe-forming aperture be blocked by support bars, leading to large probe tails for the corrected probe that sample the specimen beyond the central lobe. We also show how this device can be used to create other STEM beam profiles such as vortex beams and probes with a high degree of phase diversity, which improve information transfer in ptychographic reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven E Zeltmann
- Platform for the Accelerated Realization, Analysis, and Discovery of Interface Materials (PARADIM), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rohan Dhall
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Denes
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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San X, Hu J, Chen M, Niu H, Smeets PJM, Malliakas CD, Deng J, Koo K, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP, Hu X. Unlocking the mysterious polytypic features within vaterite CaCO 3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7858. [PMID: 38030637 PMCID: PMC10687017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the most abundant biogenic mineral on earth, plays a crucial role in various fields such as hydrosphere, biosphere, and climate regulation. Of the four polymorphs, calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and amorphous CaCO3, vaterite is the most enigmatic one due to an ongoing debate regarding its structure that has persisted for nearly a century. In this work, based on systematic transmission electron microscopy characterizations, crystallographic analysis and machine learning aided molecular dynamics simulations with ab initio accuracy, we reveal that vaterite can be regarded as a polytypic structure. The basic phase has a monoclinic lattice possessing pseudohexagonal symmetry. Direct imaging and atomic-scale simulations provide evidence that a single grain of vaterite can contain three orientation variants. Additionally, we find that vaterite undergoes a second-order phase transition with a critical point of ~190 K. These atomic scale insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure of vaterite and offer advanced perspectives on the biomineralization process of calcium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan San
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, The College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Junwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, International Center for Materials Discovery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, International Center for Materials Discovery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haiyang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, International Center for Materials Discovery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Jie Deng
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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9
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Chen J, Zhang H, Wahl CB, Liu W, Mirkin CA, Dravid VP, Apley DW, Chen W. Automated crystal system identification from electron diffraction patterns using multiview opinion fusion machine learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309240120. [PMID: 37943836 PMCID: PMC10655557 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309240120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A bottleneck in high-throughput nanomaterials discovery is the pace at which new materials can be structurally characterized. Although current machine learning (ML) methods show promise for the automated processing of electron diffraction patterns (DPs), they fail in high-throughput experiments where DPs are collected from crystals with random orientations. Inspired by the human decision-making process, a framework for automated crystal system classification from DPs with arbitrary orientations was developed. A convolutional neural network was trained using evidential deep learning, and the predictive uncertainties were quantified and leveraged to fuse multiview predictions. Using vector map representations of DPs, the framework achieves a testing accuracy of 0.94 in the examples considered, is robust to noise, and retains remarkable accuracy using experimental data. This work highlights the ability of ML to be used to accelerate experimental high-throughput materials data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Carolin B. Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Daniel W. Apley
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
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10
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Bose S, Sengupta D, Malliakas CD, Idrees KB, Xie H, Wang X, Barsoum ML, Barker NM, Dravid VP, Islamoglu T, Farha OK. Suitability of a diamine functionalized metal-organic framework for direct air capture. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9380-9388. [PMID: 37712037 PMCID: PMC10498709 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02554c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide level is a significant threat to our planet, and therefore the selective removal of CO2 from the air is a global concern. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials that have shown exciting potential as adsorbents for CO2 capture due to their high surface area and tunable properties. Among several implemented technologies, direct air capture (DAC) using MOFs is a promising strategy for achieving climate targets as it has the potential to actively reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration to a safer levels. In this study, we investigate the stability and regeneration conditions of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) appended Mg2(dobpdc), a MOF with exceptional CO2 adsorption capacity from atmospheric air. We employed a series of systematic experiments including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) (known as TGA-FTIR-GCMS), regeneration cycles at different conditions, control and accelerated aging experiments. We also quantified CO2 and H2O adsorption under humid CO2 using a combination of data from TGA-GCMS and coulometric Karl-Fischer titration techniques. The quantification of CO2 and H2O adsorption under humid conditions provides vital information for the design of real-world DAC systems. Our results demonstrate the stability and regeneration conditions of mmen appended Mg2(dobpdc). It is stable up to 50% relative humidity when the adsorption temperature varies from 25-40 °C and the best regeneration condition can be achieved at 120 °C under dynamic vacuum and at 150 °C under N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptasree Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Debabrata Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Karam B Idrees
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Haomiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Michael L Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering 2220 Campus Drive, Room 2036 Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Nathaniel M Barker
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering 2220 Campus Drive, Room 2036 Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
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11
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Ribet SM, Zeltmann SE, Varnavides G, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP, Ophus C. Phase Diversity in Ptychographic Reconstructions with a Programmable Phase Plate. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:296-297. [PMID: 37613536 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Zeltmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Varnavides
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
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12
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Li WS, Roth E, Bleher R, Backman V, Dravid VP. Annular Dark Field Imaging with Variable Angle for Improving STEM Tomography of Biological Samples. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:945-947. [PMID: 37613803 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Shun Li
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Eric Roth
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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13
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Barsoum ML, Dos Reis R, Farha OK, Dravid VP. Mechanistic Determination of Metal-Organic Framework Degradation Under Humid Conditions Through -Ex-situ STEM-PDF. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1786-1787. [PMID: 37613901 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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14
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Wahl CB, Chen J, Zhang H, Liu W, Zhang S, Wu J, Mirkin CA, Dravid VP, Apley DW, Chen W. Automated Crystal System Identification from Four-dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Data Using Brain-inspired Artificial Intelligence. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1883-1884. [PMID: 37613844 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin B Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Shengtong Zhang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jiezhong Wu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Daniel W Apley
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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15
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Dravid VP. Towards the "Renaissance Era" in in situ/Operando Electron Microscopy: From Ultrathin (UT) Window Fluidic-Cell to Adaptive Sampling & Data Analytics. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1587-1588. [PMID: 37613520 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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16
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Koo K, Smeets PJM, Hu X, Dravid VP. Analytical In Situ Gas Transmission Electron Microscopy Enabled with Ultrathin Silicon Nitride Membranes. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1597-1598. [PMID: 37613700 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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17
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Wahl CB, Day A, Gupta V, Dos Reis RR, Liao WK, Mirkin CA, Choudhary A, Dravid VP, Agrawal A. Machine Learning Enabled Image Classification for Automated Data Acquisition in the Electron Microscope. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1909-1910. [PMID: 37613970 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin B Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra Day
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, IL, United States
| | - Vishu Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, IL, United States
| | - Roberto R Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Wei-Keng Liao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, IL, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Ankit Agrawal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, IL, United States
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18
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Wahl CB, Mirkin CA, Dravid VP. Towards Autonomous Electron Microscopy for High-throughput Materials Discovery. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1913-1914. [PMID: 37612961 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin B Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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19
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Smeets PJM, Hu X, Dravid VP. Elucidating the Role of Nanoscale Organics in Natural Nanocomposite Materials. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1810-1811. [PMID: 37613917 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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20
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Meza P, Kanatzidis M, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP. Revealing Local Ordering in PbSr2S3 Thin Films and its Effect on Optical Properties Utilizing 4DSTEM and EELS. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1748-1749. [PMID: 37613977 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Meza
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Mercouri Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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21
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Hu X, Koo K, Smeets PJM, Dravid VP. Effects of Membrane Thickness, Gas Pressure and Electron Dose in Gas Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1606-1607. [PMID: 37613827 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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22
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Fu P, Quintero MA, Vasileiadou ES, Raval P, Welton C, Kepenekian M, Volonakis G, Even J, Liu Y, Malliakas C, Yang Y, Laing C, Dravid VP, Reddy GNM, Li C, Sargent EH, Kanatzidis MG. Chemical Behavior and Local Structure of the Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson Alloyed Pb/Sn Bromide 2D Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37432784 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The alloyed lead/tin (Pb/Sn) halide perovskites have gained significant attention in the development of tandem solar cells and other optoelectronic devices due to their widely tunable absorption edge. To gain a better understanding of the intriguing properties of Pb/Sn perovskites, such as their anomalous bandgap's dependence on stoichiometry, it is important to deepen the understanding of their chemical behavior and local structure. Herein, we investigate a series of two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase alloyed Pb/Sn bromide perovskites using butylammonium (BA) and 3-(aminomethyl)pyridinium (3AMPY) as the spacer cations: (BA)2(MA)n-1PbxSnn-xBr3n+1 (n = 1-3) and (3AMPY)(MA)n-1PbxSnn-xBr3n+1 (n = 1-3) through a solution-based approach. Our results show that the ratio and site preference of Pb/Sn atoms are influenced by the layer thickness (n) and spacer cations (A'), as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Solid-state 1H, 119Sn, and 207Pb NMR spectroscopy analysis shows that the Pb atoms prefer the outer layers in n = 3 members: (BA)2(MA)PbxSnn-xBr10 and (3AMPY)(MA)PbxSnn-xBr10. Layered 2D DJ alloyed Pb/Sn bromide perovskites (3AMPY)(MA)n-1PbxSnn-xBr3n+1 (n = 1-3) demonstrate much narrower optical band gaps, lower energy PL emission peaks, and longer carrier lifetimes compared to those of RP analogs. Density functional theory calculations suggest that Pb-rich alloys (Pb:Sn ∼4:1) for n = 1 compounds are thermodynamically favored over 50:50 (Pb:Sn ∼1:1) compositions. From grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), we see that films in the RP phase orient parallel to the substrate, whereas for DJ cases, random orientations are observed relative to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael A Quintero
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Parth Raval
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Claire Welton
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Mikaël Kepenekian
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institute des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR, Rennes 6226, France
| | - George Volonakis
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institute des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR, Rennes 6226, France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institute FOTON-UMR, Rennes 6082, France
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christos Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Craig Laing
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Torres-Castanedo CG, Evmenenko G, Luu NS, Das PM, Hyun WJ, Park KY, Dravid VP, Hersam MC, Bedzyk MJ. Enhanced LiMn 2O 4 Thin-Film Electrode Stability in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte: A Pathway to Suppress Mn Dissolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37434317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinel-type lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) cathodes suffer from severe manganese dissolution in the electrolyte, compromising the cyclic stability of LMO-based Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In addition to causing structural and morphological deterioration to the cathode, dissolved Mn ions can migrate through the electrolyte to deposit on the anode, accelerating capacity fade. Here, we examine single-crystal epitaxial LiMn2O4 (111) thin-films using synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction and reflectivity to study the structural and interfacial evolution during cycling. Cyclic voltammetry is performed in a wide range (2.5-4.3 V vs Li/Li+) to promote Mn3+ formation, which enhances dissolution, for two different electrolyte systems: an imidazolium ionic liquid containing lithium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and a conventional carbonate liquid electrolyte containing lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6). We find exceptional stability in this voltage range for the ionic liquid electrolyte compared to the conventional electrolyte, which is attributed to the absence of Mn dissolution in the ionic liquid. X-ray reflectivity shows a negligible loss of cathode material for the films cycled in the ionic liquid electrolyte, further confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Conversely, a substantial loss of Mn is found when the film is cycled in the conventional electrolyte. These findings show the significant advantages of ionic liquids in suppressing Mn dissolution in LiMn2O4 LIB cathodes.
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24
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Alvarado W, Agrawal V, Li WS, Dravid VP, Backman V, de Pablo JJ, Ferguson AL. Denoising Autoencoder Trained on Simulation-Derived Structures for Noise Reduction in Chromatin Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:1200-1212. [PMID: 37396862 PMCID: PMC10311656 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography with ChromEM staining (ChromSTEM), has allowed for the three-dimensional study of genome organization. By leveraging convolutional neural networks and molecular dynamics simulations, we have developed a denoising autoencoder (DAE) capable of postprocessing experimental ChromSTEM images to provide nucleosome-level resolution. Our DAE is trained on synthetic images generated from simulations of the chromatin fiber using the 1-cylinder per nucleosome (1CPN) model of chromatin. We find that our DAE is capable of removing noise commonly found in high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) STEM experiments and is able to learn structural features driven by the physics of chromatin folding. The DAE outperforms other well-known denoising algorithms without degradation of structural features and permits the resolution of α-tetrahedron tetranucleosome motifs that induce local chromatin compaction and mediate DNA accessibility. Notably, we find no evidence for the 30 nm fiber, which has been suggested to serve as the higher-order structure of the chromatin fiber. This approach provides high-resolution STEM images that allow for the resolution of single nucleosomes and organized domains within chromatin dense regions comprising of folding motifs that modulate the accessibility of DNA to external biological machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Alvarado
- Biophysical
Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vasundhara Agrawal
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wing Shun Li
- Department
of Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department
of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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25
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Koo K, Shen B, Baik SI, Mao Z, Smeets PJM, Cheuk I, He K, Dos Reis R, Huang L, Ye Z, Hu X, Mirkin CA, Dravid VP. Formation mechanism of high-index faceted Pt-Bi alloy nanoparticles by evaporation-induced growth from metal salts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3790. [PMID: 37355759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles with high-index facets are intriguing because such facets can lend the structure useful functionality, including enhanced catalytic performance and wide-ranging optical tunability. Ligand-free solid-state syntheses of high index-facet nanoparticles, through an alloying-dealloying process with foreign volatile metals, are attractive owing to their materials generality and high yields. However, the role of foreign atoms in stabilizing the high-index facets and the dynamic nature of the transformation including the coarsening and facet regulation process are still poorly understood. Herein, the transformation of Pt salts to spherical seeds and then to tetrahexahedra, is studied in situ via gas-cell transmission electron microscopy. The dynamic behaviors of the alloying and dealloying process, which involves the coarsening of nanoparticles and consequent facet regulation stage are captured in the real time with a nanoscale spatial resolution. Based on additional direct evidence obtained using atom probe tomography and density functional theory calculations, the underlying mechanisms of the alloying-dealloying process are uncovered, which will facilitate broader explorations of high-index facet nanoparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sung-Il Baik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zugang Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ivan Cheuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kun He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Liliang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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26
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Ribet SM, Ophus C, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP. Defect Contrast with 4D-STEM: Understanding Crystalline Order with Virtual Detectors and Beam Modification. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1087-1095. [PMID: 37749690 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction patterns are acquired at a grid of points on the sample, provides a versatile method for highlighting defects. Computational analysis of the diffraction patterns with virtual detectors produces images that can map material properties. Here, using multislice simulations, we explore different virtual detectors that can be applied to the diffraction patterns that go beyond the binary response functions that are possible using ordinary STEM detectors. Using graphene and lead titanate as model systems, we investigate the application of virtual detectors to study local order and in particular defects. We find that using a small convergence angle with a rotationally varying detector most efficiently highlights defect signals. With experimental graphene data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these detectors in characterizing atomic features, including vacancies, as suggested in simulations. Phase and amplitude modification of the electron beam provides another process handle to change image contrast in a 4D-STEM experiment. We demonstrate how tailored electron beams can enhance signals from short-range order and how a vortex beam can be used to characterize local symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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27
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Jin J, Wicks J, Min Q, Li J, Hu Y, Ma J, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Lu R, Si G, Papangelakis P, Shakouri M, Xiao Q, Ou P, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang W, Yu K, Song J, Jiang X, Qiu P, Lou Y, Wu D, Mao Y, Ozden A, Wang C, Xia BY, Hu X, Dravid VP, Yiu YM, Sham TK, Wang Z, Sinton D, Mai L, Sargent EH, Pang Y. Constrained C 2 adsorbate orientation enables CO-to-acetate electroreduction. Nature 2023; 617:724-729. [PMID: 37138081 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide electroreduction reactions, when powered using low-carbon electricity, offer pathways to the decarbonization of chemical manufacture1,2. Copper (Cu) is relied on today for carbon-carbon coupling, in which it produces mixtures of more than ten C2+ chemicals3-6: a long-standing challenge lies in achieving selectivity to a single principal C2+ product7-9. Acetate is one such C2 compound on the path to the large but fossil-derived acetic acid market. Here we pursued dispersing a low concentration of Cu atoms in a host metal to favour the stabilization of ketenes10-chemical intermediates that are bound in monodentate fashion to the electrocatalyst. We synthesize Cu-in-Ag dilute (about 1 atomic per cent of Cu) alloy materials that we find to be highly selective for acetate electrosynthesis from CO at high *CO coverage, implemented at 10 atm pressure. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates in situ-generated Cu clusters consisting of <4 atoms as active sites. We report a 12:1 ratio, an order of magnitude increase compared to the best previous reports, in the selectivity for acetate relative to all other products observed from the carbon monoxide electroreduction reaction. Combining catalyst design and reactor engineering, we achieve a CO-to-acetate Faradaic efficiency of 91% and report a Faradaic efficiency of 85% with an 820-h operating time. High selectivity benefits energy efficiency and downstream separation across all carbon-based electrochemical transformations, highlighting the importance of maximizing the Faradaic efficiency towards a single C2+ product11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Joshua Wicks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiuhong Min
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gangzheng Si
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panagiotis Papangelakis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source, Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Qunfeng Xiao
- Canadian Light Source, Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kesong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayang Song
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohang Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhao Lou
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adnan Ozden
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yun-Mui Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Xie H, Li Z, Zhang Y, Malliakas CD, Al Malki M, Ribet S, Hao S, Pham T, Wang Y, Hu X, Dos Reis R, Snyder GJ, Uher C, Wolverton C, Kanatzidis MG, Dravid VP. Unraveling the Role of Entropy in Thermoelectrics: Entropy-Stabilized Quintuple Rock Salt PbGeSnCd xTe 3+x. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37026697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Entropy-engineered materials are garnering considerable attention owing to their excellent mechanical and transport properties, such as their high thermoelectric performance. However, understanding the effect of entropy on thermoelectrics remains a challenge. In this study, we used the PbGeSnCdxTe3+x family as a model system to systematically investigate the impact of entropy engineering on its crystal structure, microstructure evolution, and transport behavior. We observed that PbGeSnTe3 crystallizes in a rhombohedral structure at room temperature with complex domain structures and transforms into a high-temperature cubic structure at ∼373 K. By alloying CdTe with PbGeSnTe3, the increased configurational entropy lowers the phase-transition temperature and stabilizes PbGeSnCdxTe3+x in the cubic structure at room temperature, and the domain structures vanish accordingly. The high-entropy effect results in increased atomic disorder and consequently a low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.76 W m-1 K-1 in the material owing to enhanced phonon scattering. Notably, the increased crystal symmetry is conducive to band convergence, which results in a high-power factor of 22.4 μW cm-1 K-1. As a collective consequence of these factors, a maximum ZT of 1.63 at 875 K and an average ZT of 1.02 in the temperature range of 300-875 K were obtained for PbGeSnCd0.08Te3.08. This study highlights that the high-entropy effect can induce a complex microstructure and band structure evolution in materials, which offers a new route for the search for high-performance thermoelectrics in entropy-engineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongyao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yinying Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muath Al Malki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shiqiang Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuankang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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Wang Z, Zeng L, Zhu T, Chen H, Chen B, Kubicki DJ, Balvanz A, Li C, Maxwell A, Ugur E, Dos Reis R, Cheng M, Yang G, Subedi B, Luo D, Hu J, Wang J, Teale S, Mahesh S, Wang S, Hu S, Jung E, Wei M, Park SM, Grater L, Aydin E, Song Z, Podraza NJ, Lu ZH, Huang J, Dravid VP, De Wolf S, Yan Y, Grätzel M, Kanatzidis M, Sargent E. Suppressed phase segregation for triple-junction perovskite solar cells. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06006-7. [PMID: 36977463 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The tunable band gaps and facile fabrication of perovskites make them attractive for multi-junction photovoltaics1,2. However, light-induced phase segregation limits their efficiency and stability3-5: this occurs in wide band gap (> 1.65 eV) I/Br mixed perovskite absorbers, and becomes even more acute in the top cells of triple-junction solar photovoltaics that requires a fully 2.0 eV band gap absorber2,6. We report herein that lattice distortion in I/Br mixed perovskites is correlated with the suppression of phase segregation, generating an increased ion migration energy barrier arising from the decreased average interatomic distance between A-site cation and iodide. Using a ~2.0 eV Rb/Cs mixed-cation inorganic perovskite with large lattice distortion in the top subcell, we fabricated all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells and achieved an efficiency of 24.3% (23.3% certified quasi-steady-state efficiency) with an open-circuit voltage of 3.21 V. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported certified efficiency for perovskite-based triple-junction solar cells. The triple-junction devices retain 80% of their initial efficiency following 420 hours of operation at the maximum power point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Balvanz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Chongwen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Biwas Subedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Deying Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuangyan Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Euidae Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaoning Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikolas J Podraza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Edward Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
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30
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Xie H, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Uher C, Dravid VP, Wolverton C, Kanatzidis MG. Silver Atom Off-Centering in Diamondoid Solid Solutions Causes Crystallographic Distortion and Suppresses Lattice Thermal Conductivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3211-3220. [PMID: 36701174 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The class I-III-VI2 diamondoid compounds with tetrahedral bonding are important semiconductors widely applied in optoelectronics. Understanding their heat transport properties and developing an effective method to predict the diamondoid solid solutions' thermal conductivity will help assess their impact as thermoelectrics. In this work, we investigated in detail the heat transport properties of CuGa1-xInxTe2 and Cu1-xAgxGaTe2 and found that in the Ag-alloyed solid solutions, the Ag atom off-centering effect results in crystallographic distortion and extra strong acoustic-optical phonon scattering and an extremely low lattice thermal conductivity. Moreover, we integrate the alloy scattering and the off-centering effect with the crystallographic distortion parameter to develop a modified Klemens model that predicts the thermal conductivity of diamondoid solid solutions. Finally, we demonstrate that Cu1-xAgxGaTe2 solid solutions are promising p-type thermoelectric materials, with a maximum ZT of 1.23 at 850 K for Cu0.58Ag0.4GaTe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yinying Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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31
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He X, Deng Y, Ouyang D, Zhang N, Wang J, Murthy AA, Spanopoulos I, Islam SM, Tu Q, Xing G, Li Y, Dravid VP, Zhai T. Recent Development of Halide Perovskite Materials and Devices for Ionizing Radiation Detection. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1207-1261. [PMID: 36728153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays has been extensively studied and used in various fields such as medical imaging, radiographic nondestructive testing, nuclear defense, homeland security, and scientific research. Therefore, the detection of such high-energy radiation with high-sensitivity and low-cost-based materials and devices is highly important and desirable. Halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for radiation detection due to the large light absorption coefficient, large resistivity, low leakage current, high mobility, and simplicity in synthesis and processing as compared with commercial silicon (Si) and amorphous selenium (a-Se). In this review, we provide an extensive overview of current progress in terms of materials development and corresponding device architectures for radiation detection. We discuss the properties of a plethora of reported compounds involving organic-inorganic hybrid, all-inorganic, all-organic perovskite and antiperovskite structures, as well as the continuous breakthroughs in device architectures, performance, and environmental stability. We focus on the critical advancements of the field in the past few years and we provide valuable insight for the development of next-generation materials and devices for radiation detection and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Saiful M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi39217, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77840, United States
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
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32
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Abstract
A library of compositionally and structurally well-defined Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals has been prepared via scanning probe block copolymer lithography. These libraries not only allow one to map compositional and structure space but also the conditions (e.g., cooling rate) required to access specific structures. This approach enabled the realization of a previously unobserved architecture, an intermetallic nanoprism, that is a consequence of hierarchical atom stacking. These structures exhibit distinctive diffraction patterns characterized by non-integer-index, forbidden spots, which serve as a diagnostic indicator of such structures. Inspection of the library's pseudospherical particles reveals a high-strain cubic-tetragonal interfacial configuration in the outer regions of the intermetallic nanocrystals. Since it is costly and time-consuming to explore the nanomaterials phase space via conventional wet-chemistry, this parallel kinetic-control approach, which relies on substrate- and positionally isolated particles, may lead to the rapid discovery of complex nanocrystals that may prove useful in applications spanning catalysis and plasmonic sensing.
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33
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Murthy AA, Masih Das P, Ribet SM, Kopas C, Lee J, Reagor MJ, Zhou L, Kramer MJ, Hersam MC, Checchin M, Grassellino A, Reis RD, Dravid VP, Romanenko A. Developing a Chemical and Structural Understanding of the Surface Oxide in a Niobium Superconducting Qubit. ACS Nano 2022; 16:17257-17262. [PMID: 36153944 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting thin films of niobium have been extensively employed in transmon qubit architectures. Although these architectures have demonstrated improvements in recent years, further improvements in performance through materials engineering will aid in large-scale deployment. Here, we use information retrieved from secondary ion mass spectrometry and electron microscopy to conduct a detailed assessment of the surface oxide that forms in ambient conditions for transmon test qubit devices patterned from a niobium film. We observe that this oxide exhibits a varying stoichiometry with NbO and NbO2 found closer to the niobium film/oxide interface and Nb2O5 found closer to the surface. In terms of structural analysis, we find that the Nb2O5 region is semicrystalline in nature and exhibits randomly oriented grains on the order of 1-3 nm corresponding to monoclinic N-Nb2O5 that are dispersed throughout an amorphous matrix. Using fluctuation electron microscopy, we are able to map the relative crystallinity in the Nb2O5 region with nanometer spatial resolution. Through this correlative method, we observe that the highly disordered regions are more likely to contain oxygen vacancies and exhibit weaker bonds between the niobium and oxygen atoms. Based on these findings, we expect that oxygen vacancies likely serve as a decoherence mechanism in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A Murthy
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Paul Masih Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cameron Kopas
- Rigetti Computing, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - Jaeyel Lee
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | | | - Lin Zhou
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Matthew J Kramer
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mattia Checchin
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Anna Grassellino
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander Romanenko
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
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34
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Cheng M, Iyer AK, Zhou X, Tyner A, Liu Y, Shehzad MA, Goswami P, Chung DY, Kanatzidis MG, Dravid VP. Tuning the Structural and Magnetic Properties in Mixed Cation Mn xCo 2-xP 2S 6. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13719-13727. [PMID: 35998562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metal thiophosphates (MTP), M2P2S6, are a versatile class of van der Waals materials, which are notable for the possibility of tuning their magnetic properties with the incorporation of different transition-metal cations. Further, they also offer opportunities to probe the independent and synergistic role of the magnetically active cation sublattice when coupled to P2Q6 polyhedra. Herein, we report the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of the series of MTPs, MnxCo2-xP2S6 (x = 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75) synthesized by the P2S5 flux method. Structural and elemental analysis indicates a homogeneous stoichiometry in the MnxCo2-xP2S6 compounds. We observe that a correlation is apparent between the intensities of specific Raman modes and Raman shifts with respect to the alloying ratio between Mn and Co. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the alloyed systems adopt an ordered antiferromagnetic (AFM) configuration with a dependence of the Néel temperature on the alloying ratio. A possible magnetic frustration behavior was observed for the composition MnCoP2S6 due to magnetic moment compensation as the alloying ratio between Mn and Co approaches parity. Interestingly, mixed oxidation states of the metal cation species are also observed in MnxCo2-xP2S6 along with a linear dependence of the work function on the alloying ratio of Mn and Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Abishek K Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiuquan Zhou
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alexander Tyner
- Graduate program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - M Arslan Shehzad
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pallab Goswami
- Graduate program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Duck Young Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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35
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Pakzad A, Cheng M, Lee YS, Lyer AK, dos Reis R, Kanatzidis MG, Dravid VP. Structure analysis of metal-chalcophosphate layered systems using micro-ED. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322098977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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Li Y, Agrawal V, Virk RKA, Roth E, Li WS, Eshein A, Frederick J, Huang K, Almassalha L, Bleher R, Carignano MA, Szleifer I, Dravid VP, Backman V. Author Correction: Analysis of three-dimensional chromatin packing domains by chromatin scanning transmission electron microscopy (ChromSTEM). Sci Rep 2022; 12:12720. [PMID: 35882912 PMCID: PMC9325710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vasundhara Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ranya K A Virk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Eric Roth
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wing Shun Li
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Adam Eshein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jane Frederick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Luay Almassalha
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Marcelo A Carignano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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37
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Parker KA, Ribet S, Kimmel BR, Dos Reis R, Mrksich M, Dravid VP. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy in a Scanning Electron Microscope for the High-Throughput Imaging of Biological Assemblies. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3235-3242. [PMID: 35881504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy of soft and biological materials, or "soft electron microscopy", is essential to the characterization of macromolecules. Soft microscopy is governed by enhancing contrast while maintaining low electron doses, and sample preparation and imaging methodologies are driven by the length scale of features of interest. While cryo-electron microscopy offers the highest resolution, larger structures can be characterized efficiently and with high contrast using low-voltage electron microscopy by performing scanning transmission electron microscopy in a scanning electron microscope (STEM-in-SEM). Here, STEM-in-SEM is demonstrated for a four-lobed protein assembly where the arrangement of the proteins in the construct must be examined. STEM image simulations show the theoretical contrast enhancement at SEM-level voltages for unstained structures, and experimental images with multiple STEM modes exhibit the resolution possible for negative-stained proteins. This technique can be extended to complex protein assemblies, larger structures such as cell sections, and hybrid materials, making STEM-in-SEM a valuable high-throughput imaging method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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38
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Lu B, Wahl CB, Lu XK, Sweers ME, Li H, Dravid VP, Seitz LC. Iridium-Incorporated Strontium Tungsten Oxynitride Perovskite for Efficient Acidic Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13547-13555. [PMID: 35878066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heteroanionic materials exhibit great structural diversity with adjustable electronic, magnetic, and optical properties that provide immense opportunities for materials design. Within this material family, perovskite oxynitrides incorporate earth-abundant nitrogen with differing size, electronegativity, and charge into oxide, enabling a unique approach to tuning metal-anion covalency and energy of metal cation electronic states, thereby achieving functionality that may be inaccessible from their perovskite oxide counterparts, which have been widely studied as electrocatalysts. However, it is very challenging to directly obtain such materials due to the poor thermal stability of late transition metals coordinated with N and/or at high valence states. Herein, we introduce an effective strategy to prepare a perovskite oxynitride with a small fraction of sites substituted with Ir and adopt it as the first electrocatalyst in this material family, thereby enabling high activity and efficient utilization of precious metal content. From a series of characterization techniques, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, atomic resolution electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we prove the successful incorporation of Ir into a strontium tungsten oxynitride perovskite structure and discover the formation of a unique Ir-N/O coordination structure. Benefitting from this, the material exhibits a high activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, which exhibits an ultralow overpotential of only 8 mV to reach 10 mA/cm2geo in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 4.5-fold enhanced mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C. This work opens a new avenue for oxynitride material synthesis as well as pursuit of a new class of high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhang Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Carolin B Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiao Kun Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew E Sweers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Linsey C Seitz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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39
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Li Y, Agrawal V, Virk RKA, Roth E, Li WS, Eshein A, Frederick J, Huang K, Almassalha L, Bleher R, Carignano MA, Szleifer I, Dravid VP, Backman V. Analysis of three-dimensional chromatin packing domains by chromatin scanning transmission electron microscopy (ChromSTEM). Sci Rep 2022; 12:12198. [PMID: 35842472 PMCID: PMC9288481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization over multiple length scales plays a critical role in the regulation of transcription. Deciphering the interplay of these processes requires high-resolution, three-dimensional, quantitative imaging of chromatin structure in vitro. Herein, we introduce ChromSTEM, a method that utilizes high-angle annular dark-field imaging and tomography in scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with DNA-specific staining for electron microscopy. We utilized ChromSTEM for an in-depth quantification of 3D chromatin conformation with high spatial resolution and contrast, allowing for characterization of higher-order chromatin structure almost down to the level of the DNA base pair. Employing mass scaling analysis on ChromSTEM mass density tomograms, we observed that chromatin forms spatially well-defined higher-order domains, around 80 nm in radius. Within domains, chromatin exhibits a polymeric fractal-like behavior and a radially decreasing mass-density from the center to the periphery. Unlike other nanoimaging and analysis techniques, we demonstrate that our unique combination of this high-resolution imaging technique with polymer physics-based analysis enables us to (i) investigate the chromatin conformation within packing domains and (ii) quantify statistical descriptors of chromatin structure that are relevant to transcription. We observe that packing domains have heterogeneous morphological properties even within the same cell line, underlying the potential role of statistical chromatin packing in regulating gene expression within eukaryotic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vasundhara Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ranya K A Virk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Eric Roth
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wing Shun Li
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Adam Eshein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jane Frederick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Luay Almassalha
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Marcelo A Carignano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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40
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Lee YS, Abedini Dereshgi S, Hao S, Cheng M, Shehzad MA, Wolverton C, Aydin K, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP. Probing the Optical Response and Local Dielectric Function of an Unconventional Si@MoS 2 Core-Shell Architecture. Nano Lett 2022; 22:4848-4853. [PMID: 35675212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of optical cavities and quantum emitters have been highlighted for enhanced light-matter interactions. A silicon nanosphere, core, and MoS2, shell, structure is one such heterostructure referred to as the core@shell architecture. However, the complexity of the synthesis and inherent difficulties to locally probe this architecture have resulted in a lack of information about its localized features limiting its advances. Here, we utilize valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) to extract spatially resolved dielectric functions of Si@MoS2 with nanoscale spatial resolution corroborated with simulations. A hybrid electronic critical point is identified ∼3.8 eV for Si@MoS2. The dielectric functions at the Si/MoS2 interface is further probed with a cross-sectioned core-shell to assess the contribution of each component. Various optical parameters can be defined via the dielectric function. Hence, the methodology and evolution of the dielectric function herein reported provide a platform for exploring other complex photonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Shine Lee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sina Abedini Dereshgi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shiqiang Hao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew Cheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muhammad Arslan Shehzad
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Koray Aydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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41
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Agarwal DK, Hunt AC, Shekhawat GS, Carter L, Chan S, Wu K, Cao L, Baker D, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Ozer EA, Simons LM, Hultquist JF, Jewett MC, Dravid VP. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Antigen from SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern by a Multivalent Minibinder-Functionalized Nanomechanical Sensor. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8105-8109. [PMID: 35652578 PMCID: PMC9211039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New platforms for the rapid and sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern are urgently needed. Here we report the development of a nanomechanical sensor based on the deflection of a microcantilever capable of detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein antigen using computationally designed multivalent minibinders immobilized on a microcantilever surface. The sensor exhibits rapid (<5 min) detection of the target antigens down to concentrations of 0.05 ng/mL (362 fM) and is more than an order of magnitude more sensitive than an antibody-based cantilever sensor. Validation of the sensor with clinical samples from 33 patients, including 9 patients infected with the Omicron (BA.1) variant observed detection of antigen from nasopharyngeal swabs with cycle threshold (Ct) values as high as 39, suggesting a limit of detection similar to that of the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our findings demonstrate the use of minibinders and nanomechanical sensors for the rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Andrew C. Hunt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gajendra S. Shekhawat
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Longxing Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lacy M. Simons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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42
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Belvitch P, Casanova N, Sun X, Camp SM, Sammani S, Brown ME, Mascarhenas J, Lynn H, Adyshev D, Siegler J, Desai A, Seyed-Saadat L, Rizzo A, Bime C, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP, Reilly JP, Jones TK, Feng R, Letsiou E, Meyer NJ, Ellis N, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. A cortactin CTTN coding SNP contributes to lung vascular permeability and inflammatory disease severity in African descent subjects. Transl Res 2022; 244:56-74. [PMID: 35181549 PMCID: PMC9119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cortactin gene (CTTN), encoding an actin-binding protein critically involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity, contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe asthma in Black patients. As loss of lung EC integrity is a major driver of mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and the acute chest syndrome (ACS), we speculated CTTN SNPs that alter EC barrier function will associate with clinical outcomes from these types of conditions in Black patients. In case-control studies, evaluation of a nonsynonymous CTTN coding SNP Ser484Asn (rs56162978, G/A) in a severe sepsis cohort (725 Black subjects) revealed significant association with increased risk of sepsis mortality. In a separate cohort of sickle cell disease (SCD) subjects with and without ACS (177 SCD Black subjects), significantly increased risk of ACS and increased ACS severity (need for mechanical ventilation) was observed in carriers of the A allele. Human lung EC expressing the cortactin S484N transgene exhibited: (i) delayed EC barrier recovery following thrombin-induced permeability; (ii) reduced levels of critical Tyr486 cortactin phosphorylation; (iii) inhibited binding to the cytoskeletal regulator, nmMLCK; and (iv) attenuated EC barrier-promoting lamellipodia dynamics and biophysical responses. ARDS-challenged Cttn+/- heterozygous mice exhibited increased lung vascular permeability (compared to wild-type mice) which was significantly attenuated by IV delivery of liposomes encargoed with CTTN WT transgene but not by CTTN S484N transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that the CTTN S484N coding SNP contributes to severity of inflammatory injury in Black patients, potentially via delayed vascular barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joseph Mascarhenas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heather Lynn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Siegler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laleh Seyed-Saadat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alicia Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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43
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Koo K, Ribet SM, Zhang C, Smeets PJM, Dos Reis R, Hu X, Dravid VP. Effects of the Encapsulation Membrane in Operando Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Nano Lett 2022; 22:4137-4144. [PMID: 35523204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale tailoring of catalytic materials and Li-battery alternatives has elevated the importance of in situ gas-phase electron microscopy. Such advanced techniques are often performed using an environmental cell inserted into a conventional S/TEM setup, as this method facilitates concurrent electrochemical and temperature stimulations in a convenient and cost-effective manner. However, these cells are made by encapsulating gas between two insulating membranes, which introduces additional electron scattering. We have evaluated strengths and limitations of the gas-phase E-cell S/TEM technique, both experimentally and through simulations, across a variety of practical parameters. We reveal the degradation of image quality in an E-cell setup from various components and explore opportunities to improve imaging quality through intelligent choice of experimental parameters. Our results underscore the benefits of using an E-cell STEM technique, due to its versatility and excellent ability to suppress the exotic contributions from the membrane device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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44
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Stanev TK, Liu P, Zeng H, Lenferink EJ, Murthy AA, Speiser N, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dravid VP, Stern NP. Direct Patterning of Optoelectronic Nanostructures Using Encapsulated Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23775-23784. [PMID: 35542986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct top-down nanopatterning of semiconductors is a powerful tool for engineering properties of optoelectronic devices. Translating this approach to two-dimensional semiconductors such as monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is challenging because of both the small scales required for confinement and the degradation of electronic and optical properties caused by high-energy and high-dose electron radiation used for high-resolution top-down direct electron beam patterning. We show that encapsulating a TMD monolayer with hexagonal boron nitride preserves the narrow exciton linewidths and emission intensity typical in such heterostructures after electron beam lithography, allowing direct patterning of functional optical monolayer nanostructures on scales of a few tens of nanometers. We leverage this fabrication method to study size-dependent effects on nanodot arrays of MoS2 and MoSe2 as well as laterally confined electrical transport devices, demonstrating the potential of top-down lithography for nanoscale TMD optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pufan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongfei Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Erik J Lenferink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathaniel Speiser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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45
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Xie H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hao S, Li Z, Cheng M, Cai S, Snyder GJ, Wolverton C, Uher C, Dravid VP, Kanatzidis MG. High Thermoelectric Performance in Chalcopyrite Cu 1-xAg xGaTe 2-ZnTe: Nontrivial Band Structure and Dynamic Doping Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9113-9125. [PMID: 35537206 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of thermoelectric properties of ternary I-III-VI2 type (I = Cu, Ag; III = Ga, In; and VI = Te) chalcopyrites is less well developed. Although their thermal transport properties are relatively well studied, the relationship between the electronic band structure and charge transport properties of chalcopyrites has been rarely discussed. In this study, we reveal the unusual electronic band structure and the dynamic doping effect that could underpin the promising thermoelectric properties of Cu1-xAgxGaTe2 compounds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electronic transport measurements suggest that the Cu1-xAgxGaTe2 compounds possess an unusual non-parabolic band structure, which is important for obtaining a high Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, a mid-gap impurity level was also observed in Cu1-xAgxGaTe2, which leads to a strong temperature-dependent carrier concentration and is able to regulate the carrier density at the optimized value for a wide temperature region and thus is beneficial to obtaining the high power factor and high average ZT of Cu1-xAgxGaTe2 compounds. We also demonstrate a great improvement in the thermoelectric performance of Cu1-xAgxGaTe2 by introducing Cu vacancies and ZnTe alloying. The Cu vacancies are effective in increasing the hole density and the electrical conductivity, while ZnTe alloying reduces the thermal conductivity. As a result, a maximum ZT of 1.43 at 850 K and a record-high average ZT of 0.81 for the Cu0.68Ag0.3GaTe2-0.5%ZnTe compound are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yinying Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shiqiang Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Songting Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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46
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Wang S, Lee S, Du JS, Partridge BE, Cheng HF, Zhou W, Dravid VP, Lee B, Glotzer SC, Mirkin CA. The emergence of valency in colloidal crystals through electron equivalents. Nat Mater 2022; 21:580-587. [PMID: 35027717 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystal engineering of complex, low-symmetry architectures is challenging when isotropic building blocks are assembled. Here we describe an approach to generating such structures based upon programmable atom equivalents (nanoparticles functionalized with many DNA strands) and mobile electron equivalents (small particles functionalized with a low number of DNA strands complementary to the programmable atom equivalents). Under appropriate conditions, the spatial distribution of the electron equivalents breaks the symmetry of isotropic programmable atom equivalents, akin to the anisotropic distribution of valence electrons or coordination sites around a metal atom, leading to a set of well-defined coordination geometries and access to three new low-symmetry crystalline phases. All three phases represent the first examples of colloidal crystals, with two of them having elemental analogues (body-centred tetragonal and high-pressure gallium), while the third (triple double-gyroid structure) has no known natural equivalent. This approach enables the creation of complex, low-symmetry colloidal crystals that might find use in various technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jingshan S Du
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin E Partridge
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ho Fung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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47
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Schwenker E, Kolluru VSC, Guo J, Zhang R, Hu X, Li Q, Paul JT, Hersam MC, Dravid VP, Klie R, Guest JR, Chan MKY. Ingrained: An Automated Framework for Fusing Atomic-Scale Image Simulations into Experiments. Small 2022; 18:e2102960. [PMID: 35384282 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To fully leverage the power of image simulation to corroborate and explain patterns and structures in atomic resolution microscopy, an initial correspondence between the simulation and experimental image must be established at the outset of further high accuracy simulations or calculations. Furthermore, if simulation is to be used in context of highly automated processes or high-throughput optimization, the process of finding this correspondence itself must be automated. In this work, "ingrained," an open-source automation framework which solves for this correspondence and fuses atomic resolution image simulations into the experimental images to which they correspond, is introduced. Herein, the overall "ingrained" workflow, focusing on its application to interface structure approximations, and the development of an experimentally rationalized forward model for scanning tunneling microscopy simulation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schwenker
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinglong Guo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Qiucheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Joshua T Paul
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Robert Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Guest
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Maria K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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48
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Luo ZZ, Cai S, Hao S, Bailey TP, Xie H, Slade TJ, Liu Y, Luo Y, Chen Z, Xu J, Luo W, Yu Y, Uher C, Wolverton C, Dravid VP, Zou Z, Yan Q, Kanatzidis MG. Valence Disproportionation of GeS in the PbS Matrix Forms Pb 5Ge 5S 12 Inclusions with Conduction Band Alignment Leading to High n-Type Thermoelectric Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7402-7413. [PMID: 35420804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Converting waste heat into useful electricity using solid-state thermoelectrics has a potential for enormous global energy savings. Lead chalcogenides are among the most prominent thermoelectric materials, whose performance decreases with an increase in chalcogen amounts (e.g., PbTe > PbSe > PbS). Herein, we demonstrate the simultaneous optimization of the electrical and thermal transport properties of PbS-based compounds by alloying with GeS. The addition of GeS triggers a complex cascade of beneficial events as follows: Ge2+ substitution in Pb2+ and discordant off-center behavior; formation of Pb5Ge5S12 as stable second-phase inclusions through valence disproportionation of Ge2+ to Ge0 and Ge4+. PbS and Pb5Ge5S12 exhibit good conduction band energy alignment that preserves the high electron mobility; the formation of Pb5Ge5S12 increases the electron carrier concentration by introducing S vacancies. Sb doping as the electron donor produces a large power factor and low lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) of ∼0.61 W m-1 K-1. The highest performance was obtained for the 14% GeS-alloyed samples, which exhibited an increased room-temperature electron mobility of ∼121 cm2 V-1 s-1 for 3 × 1019 cm-3 carrier density and a ZT of 1.32 at 923 K. This is ∼55% greater than the corresponding Sb-doped PbS sample and is one of the highest reported for the n-type PbS system. Moreover, the average ZT (ZTavg) of ∼0.76 from 400 to 923 K is the highest for PbS-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhen Luo
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Songting Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shiqiang Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Trevor P Bailey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hongyao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tyler J Slade
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yubo Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China.,Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.,Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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San X, Gong M, Wang J, Ma X, dos Reis R, Smeets PJM, Dravid VP, Hu X. Uncovering the crystal defects within aragonite CaCO 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122218119. [PMID: 35357967 PMCID: PMC9169084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122218119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of deformation mechanisms in aragonite, one of the three crystalline polymorphs of CaCO3, is essential to understand the overall excellent mechanical performance of nacres. Dislocation slip and deformation twinning were claimed previously as plasticity carriers in aragonite, but crystallographic features of dislocations and twins have been poorly understood. Here, utilizing various transmission electron microscopy techniques, we reveal the atomic structures of twins, partial dislocations, and associated stacking faults. Combining a topological model and density functional theory calculations, we identify complete twin elements, characters of twinning disconnection, and the corresponding twin shear angle (∼8.8°) and rationalize unique partial dislocations as well. Additionally, we reveal an unreported potential energy dissipation mode within aragonite, namely, the formation of nanograins via the pile-up of partial dislocations. Based on the microstructural comparisons of biogenic and abiotic aragonite, we find that the crystallographic features of twins are the same. However, the twin density is much lower in abiotic aragonite due to the vastly different crystallization conditions, which in turn are likely due to the absence of organics, high temperature and pressure differences, the variation in inorganic impurities, or a combination thereof. Our findings enrich the knowledge of intrinsic crystal defects that accommodate plastic deformation in aragonite and provide insights into designing bioengineering materials with better strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan San
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, The College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Xiuliang Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Roberto dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Paul J. M. Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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Hinamoto T, Lee YS, Dereshgi SA, DiStefano JG, Dos Reis R, Sugimoto H, Aydin K, Fujii M, Dravid VP. Resonance Couplings in Si@MoS 2 Core-Shell Architectures. Small 2022; 18:e2200413. [PMID: 35304967 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and optical cavities that can couple to each other are rising candidates for advanced quantum optics and electronics. This is due to their enhanced light-matter interactions in the visible to near-infrared range. Core-shell structures are particularly valuable for their maximized interfacial area. Here, the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of Si@MoS2 core-shells and extensive structural characterization are presented. Compared with traditional plasmonic cores, the silicon dielectric Mie resonator core offers low Ohmic losses and a wider spectrum of optical modes. The magnetic dipole (MD) mode of the silicon core efficiently couples with MoS2 through its large tangential component at the core surface. Using transmission electron microscopy and correlative single-particle scattering spectroscopy, MD mode splitting is experimentally demonstrated in this unique Si@MoS2 core-shell structure. This is evidence for resonance coupling, which is limited to theoretical proposals in this particular system. A coupling constant of 39 meV is achieved, which is ≈1.5-fold higher than previous reports of particle-on-film geometries with a smaller interfacial area. Finally, higher-order systems with the potential to tune properties are demonstrated through a dimer system of Si@MoS2 , forming the basis for emerging architectures for optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Hinamoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yea-Shine Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sina Abedini Dereshgi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer G DiStefano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koray Aydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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