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Zhou S, Dai Y, Song Q, Lu L, Yu X. Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Removal by Ordered Ultrasmall Intermetallic AuCu 3 via Enhancing Nitrate Adsorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38605516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing a high-performance electrocatalyst for synthesizing ammonia from nitrate represents a promising solution for addressing wastewater pollution and achieving sustainable ammonia production. However, it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an intermetallic AuCu3 electrocatalyst with high-density active sites is designed and prepared for an efficient nitrate electroreduction to generate ammonia. Remarkably, the Faraday efficiency and yield rate of ammonia at -0.9 V are 97.6% and 75.9 mg h-1 cm-2, respectively. More importantly, after 10 cycles of testing, the removal rate of nitrate can still reach 95.2%. Electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared analysis indicates that AuCu3 IM can promote the adsorption of nitrate and enhance ammonia production from nitrate. *NH3, *NO, and *NO2 have been proven to be active intermediates. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the Au site can provide a large amount of *H for nitrate reduction, and the Cu site is conducive to the reduction of nitrate to produce nitrogen-containing products. Meanwhile, AuCu3 intermetallic compounds (AuCu3 IM) can inhibit the dimerization of *H. The power density and ammonia yield of the assembled Zn-nitrate battery reached 2.17 mW cm-2 and 71.2 mg h-1 cm-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yu Dai
- School of Foreign Languages, Qingdao City University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qiang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lina Lu
- School of Business, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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2
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Xiong P, Niu H, Zhu Z, Zhao L, Zuo J, Gong S, Niu X, Chen JS, Wu R, Xia BY. Engineering a High-Loading Sub-4 nm Intermetallic Platinum-Cobalt Alloy on Atomically Dispersed Cobalt-Nitrogen-Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3961-3970. [PMID: 38526195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Developing a high-performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) poses a formidable challenge for fuel cells, which lies in achieving both high metal loading and efficient catalytic activity concurrently for MEA catalysts. Here, we introduce a porous Co@NC carrier to synthesize sub-4 nm PtCo intermetallic nanocrystals, achieving an impressive Pt loading of 27 wt %. The PtCo-CoNC catalyst demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity and remarkable stability for the oxygen reduction reaction. Advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations emphasize the synergistic effect between PtCo alloys and single Co atoms, which enhances the desorption of the OH* intermediate. Furthermore, the PtCo-CoNC-based cathode delivers a high power density of 1.22 W cm-2 in the MEA test owing to the enhanced mass transport, which is verified by the simulation results of the O2 distributions and current density inside the catalyst layer. This study lays the groundwork for the design of efficient catalysts with practical applications in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Huiting Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaozhao Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jiayu Zuo
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shuning Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaobin Niu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jun Song Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Mahmood A, He D, Liu C, Talib SH, Zhao B, Liu T, He Y, Chen L, Han D, Niu L. Unveiling the Growth Mechanism of Ordered-Phase within Multimetallic Nanoplates. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2309163. [PMID: 38425147 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the crystal phase of alloy nanocrystals (NCs) offers an alternative way to improve their electrocatalytic performance, but, how heterometals diffuse and form ordered-phase remains unclear. Herein, for the first time, the mechanism for forming tetrametallic ordered-phase nanoplates (NPLs) is unraveled. The observations reveal that the intermetallic ordered-phase nucleates through crystallinity alteration of the seeds and then propagates by reentrant grooves. Notably, the reentrant grooves act as intermediate NCs for ordered-phase, eventually forming intermetallic PdCuIrCo NPLs. These NPLs substantially outperform for oxygen evolution reaction (221 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ) and hydrogen evolution reaction (19 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ) compared to commercial Ir/C and Pd/C catalysts in acidic media. For OER at 1.53 V versus RHE, the PdCuIrCo/C exhibits an enhanced mass activity of 9.8 A mg-1 Pd+Ir (about ten times higher) than Ir/C. For HER at -0. 2 V versus RHE, PdCuIrCo/C shows a remarkable mass activity of 1.06 A mg-1 Pd+Ir , which is three-fold relative to Pd/C. These improvements can be ascribed to the intermetallic ordered-structure with high-valence Ir sites and tensile-strain. This approach enabled the realization of a previously unobserved mechanism for ordered-phase NCs. Therefore, this strategy of making ordered-phase NPLs can be used in diverse heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Mahmood
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dequan He
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuhao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shamraiz Hussain Talib
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Centre, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
| | - Bolin Zhao
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tianren Liu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China
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4
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Pal K, Dey S, Das I. Giant magnetoresistance resulting from superzone gap in spin-frustrated rare-earth-based aluminide: DyFe 2Al 10. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:215802. [PMID: 38373352 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2aac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of orthorhombic aluminides have recently been the subject of investigation, revealing several intriguing phenomena within this class of materials. However, the exploration of their magnetic and electrical transport phenomena has remained somewhat limited. In this study, we delve into the magnetic and electrical transport characteristics of one such material from that group which is DyFe2Al10(DFA). Our findings go beyond classifying this material as a simple antiferromagnet; but it posses a short range ferromagnetic ordering apart from helical spin structure of Dy3+. It exhibits a metamagnetic transition and spin glass behavior below its Néel temperature (TN). Our analysis of electrical magnetotransport behavior indicates the emergence of an antiferromagnetic superzone gap, resulting in a significant enhancement in magnetoresistance effect. This discovery paves the way for a class of materials with complex interactions and notable magnetoresistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Pal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Suman Dey
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Das
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata 700064, India
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Wang G, Zhao W, Mansoor M, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Xiao C, Liu Q, Mao L, Wang M, Lv H. Recent Progress in Using Mesoporous Carbon Materials as Catalyst Support for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2818. [PMID: 37947664 PMCID: PMC10649975 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is essential to step up the large-scale applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Traditional ORR electrocatalysts provide satisfactory activity, yet their poor durability limits the long-term applications of PEMFCs. Porous carbon used as catalyst support in Pt/C is vulnerable to oxidation under high potential conditions, leading to Pt nanoparticle dissolution and carbon corrosion. Thus, integrating Pt nanoparticles into highly graphitic mesoporous carbons could provide long-term stability. This Perspective seeks to reframe the existing approaches to employing Pt alloys and mesoporous carbon-integrated ORR electrocatalysts to improve the activity and stability of PEMFCs. The unusual porous structure of mesoporous carbons promotes oxygen transport, and graphitization provides balanced stability. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between Pt alloys and heteroatom doping in mesoporous carbons not only provides a great anchoring surface for catalyst nanoparticles but also improves the intrinsic activity. Furthermore, the addition of Pt alloys into mesoporous carbon optimizes the available surface area and creates an effective electron transfer channel, reducing the mass transport resistance. The long-term goals for fuel-cell-powered cars, especially those designed for heavy-duty use, are well aligned with the results shown when this hybrid material is used in PEMFCs to improve performance and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiong Wang
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China; (G.W.); (C.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Majid Mansoor
- College of Energy Soochow, Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Yinan Liu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Xiuyue Wang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kunye Zhang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Cailin Xiao
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China; (G.W.); (C.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Quansheng Liu
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China; (G.W.); (C.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lingling Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Min Wang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China; (G.W.); (C.X.); (Q.L.)
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6
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Guillen DP, Toloczko MB, Prabhakaran R, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Wu Y. Thermomechanical Properties of Neutron Irradiated Al 3Hf-Al Thermal Neutron Absorber Materials. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5518. [PMID: 37629809 PMCID: PMC10456384 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A thermal neutron absorber material composed of Al3Hf particles in an aluminum matrix is under development for the Advanced Test Reactor. This metal matrix composite was fabricated via hot pressing of high-purity aluminum and micrometer-size Al3Hf powders at volume fractions of 20.0, 28.4, and 36.5%. Room temperature tensile and hardness testing of unirradiated specimens revealed a linear relationship between volume fraction and strength, while the tensile data showed a strong decrease in elongation between the 20 and 36.5% volume fraction materials. Tensile tests conducted at 200 °C on unirradiated material revealed similar trends. Evaluations were then conducted on specimens irradiated at 66 to 75 °C to four dose levels ranging from approximately 1 to 4 dpa. Tensile properties exhibited the typical increase in strength and decrease in ductility with dose that are common for metallic materials irradiated at ≤0.4Tm. Hardness also increased with neutron dose. The difference in strength between the three different volume fraction materials was roughly constant as the dose increased. Nanoindentation measurements of Al3Hf particles in the 28.4 vol% material showed the expected trend of increased hardness with irradiation dose. Transmission electron microscopy revealed oxygen at the interface between the Al3Hf particles and aluminum matrix in the irradiated material. Scanning electron microscopy of the exterior surface of tensile tested specimens revealed that deformation of the material occurs via plastic deformation of the Al matrix, cracking of the Al3Hf particles, and to a lesser extent, tearing of the matrix away from the particles. The fracture surface of an irradiated 28.4 vol% specimen showed failure by brittle fracture in the particles and ductile tearing of the aluminum matrix with no loss of cohesion between the particles and matrix. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreased upon irradiation, with a maximum change of -6.3% for the annealed irradiated 36.5 vol% specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Post Guillen
- Idaho National Laboratory, 995 University Blvd., Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
| | - Mychailo B. Toloczko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; (M.B.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Ramprashad Prabhakaran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; (M.B.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; (M.B.T.); (R.P.)
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Yu Lu
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, 997 MK Simpson Blvd., Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yaqiao Wu
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, 997 MK Simpson Blvd., Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
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Zhao Y, Xiong W. Influence of Homogenization on Phase Transformations during Isothermal Aging of Inconel 718 Superalloys Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing and Suction Casting. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4968. [PMID: 37512243 PMCID: PMC10383715 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The attainment of the desired strength of the Inconel 718 superalloy heavily relies on the isothermal aging process, which plays a critical role in achieving the anticipated hardening effect. Surprisingly, there remains a dearth of dedicated studies investigating the influence of homogenization on phase transformations during the isothermal aging process, leaving a gap in the knowledge required to guide the design of post-heat treatment strategies. Addressing this gap, our work investigates the impact of homogenization time on phase transformations during isothermal aging at 730 °C in Inconel 718 alloys produced via additive manufacturing (AM) and suction casting (SC) methods. Intriguingly, we observe contrasting behaviors in the particle size of γ″ and γ' in aged samples, depending on the homogenization time and the alloy processing method. Specifically, in AM alloys, extended homogenization time leads to an increase in the particle size of γ″ and γ', whereas the opposite trend is observed in SC alloys. Furthermore, despite undergoing the same heat treatment, the AM alloys exhibit smaller particle sizes but higher precipitate number densities compared to the SC alloys, resulting in superior hardness. Notably, pronounced grain refinement during aging is evident in 1 h homogenized SC samples under 1180 °C, warranting further investigations into the underlying mechanisms. This study elucidates the crucial role of homogenization in attaining the desired microstructure following subsequent aging processes. Moreover, it offers novel insights for developing post-heat treatment strategies for superalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Zhao
- Physical Metallurgy and Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Physical Metallurgy and Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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8
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Zhou Y, Gu Q, Yin K, Tao L, Li Y, Tan H, Yang Y, Guo S. Cascaded orbital-oriented hybridization of intermetallic Pd 3Pb boosts electrocatalysis of Li-O 2 battery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301439120. [PMID: 37307482 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301439120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysts with a refined electronic structure are highly desirable for promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics and reduce the charge overpotentials for lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. However, bridging the orbital interactions inside the catalyst with external orbital coupling between catalysts and intermediates for reinforcing OER catalytic activities remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report a cascaded orbital-oriented hybridization, namely alloying hybridization in intermetallic Pd3Pb followed by intermolecular orbital hybridization between low-energy Pd atom and reaction intermediates, for greatly enhancing the OER electrocatalytic activity in Li-O2 battery. The oriented orbital hybridization in two axes between Pb and Pd first lowers the d band energy level of Pd atoms in the intermetallic Pd3Pb; during the charging process, the low-lying 4dxz/yz and 4dz2 orbital of the Pd further hybridizes with 2π* and 5σ orbitals of lithium superoxide (LiO2) (key reaction intermediate), eventually leading to lower energy levels of antibonding and, thus, weakened orbital interaction toward LiO2. As a consequence, the cascaded orbital-oriented hybridization in intermetallic Pd3Pb considerably decreases the activation energy and accelerates the OER kinetics. The Pd3Pb-based Li-O2 batteries exhibit a low OER overpotential of 0.45 V and superior cycle stability of 175 cycles at a fixed capacity of 1,000 mAh g-1, which is among the best in the reported catalysts. The present work opens up a way for designing sophisticated Li-O2 batteries at the orbital level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianfeng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, China
| | - Kun Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Lu Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiju Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Kang J, Lee JI, Choi S, Choi Y, Park S, Ryu J. Nonporous Oxide-Terminated Multicomponent Bulk Anode Enabling Energy-Dense Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37219849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as power sources for large-scale storage owing to their abundant and inexpensive sodium (Na) source, but their limited energy density hinders their commercialization. High-capacity anode materials, such as antimony (Sb), which are potential energy boosters for SIBs, suffer from battery degradation owing to large-volume-changes and structural instability. The rational design of bulk Sb-based anodes to enhance the initial reversibility and electrode density inevitably requires atomic- and microscale-considered internal/external buffering or passivation layers. However, unsuitable buffer engineering causes electrode degradation and lowers energy density. Herein, the rationally designed intermetallic inner and outer oxide buffers for bulk Sb anodes are reported. The two chemistries in the synthesis process provide an atomic-scale aluminum (Al) buffer within the dense microparticles and an external mechanically stabilizing dual oxide layer. The prepared nonporous bulk Sb anode maintained excellent reversible capacity at a high current density and Na-ion full battery evaluations with Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) showing negligible capacity decay over 100 cycles. The demonstrated buffer designs for commercially favorable micro-sized Sb and intermetallic AlSb shed light on the stabilization of high-capacity or large-volume-change electrode materials for various metal-ion rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-In Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30FS, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegeon Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ruan BB, Chen LW, Shi YQ, Yi JK, Yang QS, Zhou MH, Ma MW, Chen GF, Ren ZA. Superconductivity in Mo 4Ga 20As with endohedral gallium clusters. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:214002. [PMID: 36913736 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc3ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery and detailed investigation of superconductivity in Mo4Ga20As. Mo4Ga20As crystallizes in a space group ofI4/m(No. 87), with the lattice parametersa= 12.86352 Å andc= 5.30031 Å. The resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat data reveal Mo4Ga20As to be a type-II superconductor withTc= 5.6 K. The upper and lower critical fields are estimated to be 2.78 T and 22.0 mT, respectively. In addition, electron-phonon coupling in Mo4Ga20As is possibly stronger than the BCS weak-coupling limit. First-principles calculations suggest the Fermi level being dominated by the Mo-4dand Ga-4porbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Ruan
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Wei Chen
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qing Shi
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Kun Yi
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Song Yang
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Hu Zhou
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Ma
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen-Fu Chen
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-An Ren
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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11
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Peng CH, Hou PY, Lin WS, Shen PK, Huang HH, Yeh JW, Yen HW, Huang CY, Tsai CW. Investigation of Microstructure and Wear Properties of Precipitates-Strengthened Cu-Ni-Si-Fe Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1193. [PMID: 36770200 PMCID: PMC9921433 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on multi-component alloys using precipitation hardening, a Cu-Ni-Si-Fe copper alloy was prepared and studied for hardness, electrical conductivity, and wear resistance. Copper Nickel Silicon (Cu-Ni-Si) intermetallic compounds were observed as precipitates, leading to an increase in mechanical and physical properties. Further, the addition of Fe was discussed in intermetallic compound formation. Moreover, microstructures, age hardening, and dry sliding wear resistances of the present alloy were analyzed and compared with C17200 beryllium copper. The results showed that the present alloy performed extraordinarily, with 314 HV in hardness and 22.2 %IACS in conductivity, which is almost similar to C17200 alloy. Furthermore, the dry sliding wear resistance of the present alloy was 2199.3 (m/MPa·mm3) at an ambient temperature, leading to an improvement of 208% compared with the C17200 alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Shyang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Keng Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Wei Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yen
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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12
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Abstract
A library of compositionally and structurally well-defined Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals has been prepared via scanning probe block copolymer lithography. These libraries not only allow one to map compositional and structure space but also the conditions (e.g., cooling rate) required to access specific structures. This approach enabled the realization of a previously unobserved architecture, an intermetallic nanoprism, that is a consequence of hierarchical atom stacking. These structures exhibit distinctive diffraction patterns characterized by non-integer-index, forbidden spots, which serve as a diagnostic indicator of such structures. Inspection of the library's pseudospherical particles reveals a high-strain cubic-tetragonal interfacial configuration in the outer regions of the intermetallic nanocrystals. Since it is costly and time-consuming to explore the nanomaterials phase space via conventional wet-chemistry, this parallel kinetic-control approach, which relies on substrate- and positionally isolated particles, may lead to the rapid discovery of complex nanocrystals that may prove useful in applications spanning catalysis and plasmonic sensing.
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13
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Kozień D, Czekaj I, Gancarz P, Ziąbka M, Wieczorek W, Pasiut K, Zientara D, Pędzich Z. Ceramic Matrix Composites Obtained by the Reactive Sintering of Boron Carbide with Intermetallic Compounds from the Ti-Si System. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8657. [PMID: 36500151 PMCID: PMC9738166 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of adding two different intermetallics, Ti5Si3 and TiSi2, for the preparation of TiB2-SiC-B4C composites. As part of the research, stoichiometric composites consisting only of two phases TiB2 and SiC were obtained. The TiB2-SiC-B4C composites were prepared via pressureless sintering. The presence of the phases in the sintered composites was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The SEM-EDS examination revealed that the TiB2 and SiC phases were formed during the composite process synthesis and were distributed homogeneously in the B4C matrix. The obtained results allowed us to usually exceed 2000 °C and the use of specialized equipment for firing, that is, vacuum or protective atmosphere furnaces as well as control and measurement equipment. Such an approach generates high costs that are decisive for the economics of the technological processes. In the case of our compositions, it is possible to lower the temperature to 1650 °C. The TiB2-SiC-B4C composites were classified as UHTCs.
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14
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Wang J, Lv Z, Zhang L, Duan F, Zhang W, Chen H. CoSn 3 Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Electronic Packaging. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4083. [PMID: 36432370 PMCID: PMC9695973 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
At present, composite solder pastes are getting a lot of attention, especially composite Sn based solders reinforced by nanoparticles. Indeed, CoSn3 is a strong nucleating agent of Sn crystal, which has potential application value in the field of electronic packaging. However, there is no reliable synthetic path for CoSn3 nanoparticles at present. In this article, a chemical synthesis method for CoSn3 nanoparticles is developed. Here, CoCl2 and SnCl2 are reduced by NaHB4 in triethylene glycol (TEG), dispersed by ultrasonics, and heated to 350 °C in a tube furnace for growth. The CoSn3 nanoparticles with a diameter of about 150 nm are obtained by heating at 350 °C for 10 min. The CoSn3 nanoparticles undergo a step reaction in the process of synthesis and go through different stages of merging and annexation during their growth. The crystal growth behavior and the process of orientation change during the nucleation and growth of CoSn3 nanoparticles are studied, especially the two growth mechanisms, namely OU (orientation unified) and OA (orientation attached). By mixing CoSn3 nanoparticles with SAC305, we obtain a kind of strengthened composite soldering paste. There are obvious six-fold cyclic twins in the joints made by this soldering paste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Solder Ang Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ziwen Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Solder Ang Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luobin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Solder Ang Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fangcheng Duan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Solder Ang Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Solder Ang Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Solder Ang Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Fuse K, Badheka V, Oza AD, Prakash C, Buddhi D, Dixit S, Vatin NI. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Al/Cu Dissimilar Alloys Joining by Using Conventional and Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5159. [PMID: 35897591 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of producing welding joints between 6061-T6 aluminum and pure copper sheets of 6 mm thickness by conventional friction stir welding (CFSW) and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) by using a slot-groove configuration at the joining surface was investigated. The microstructure of the welded samples was examined by using an optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the weld samples are compared based on the results of the tensile test, hardness measurement, and fractography test. The slot-groove configuration resulted in the presence of a bulk-sized Al block on the Cu side. The microscopic observations revealed the dispersion of fine Cu particles in the stir zone. The presence of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) CuAl2, which are hard and brittle, lowered the strength of the weld joints. The strength of the weld joints produced with BTFSW was superior to that of the C-FSW. The maximum hardness values of 214 HV and 211 HV are reported at the stir zone for BTFSW and CFSW, respectively. The fracture location of all the joints was at the intersection of the stir zone and the thermomechanically affected zone was on the Cu side.
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16
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Shalomeev V, Tabunshchyk G, Greshta V, Nykiel M, Korniejenko K. Influence of Alkaline Earth Metals on Structure Formation and Magnesium Alloy Properties. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124341. [PMID: 35744400 PMCID: PMC9229381 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to improve the structure and properties of the magnesium alloy ML5 by modifying it with alkaline earth metals (ALM). The separate and joint influence of calcium and barium on the macrostructure and microstructure of the alloy of Mg-Al-Zn system was investigated. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the structural components was carried out. Alkali earth metals were included in complex intermetallic phases and serve as additional crystallization centers. Modification of magnesium alloys with alkaline earth metals is established in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 wt. % increased the bulk percentage of intermetallic phases by ~1.5 times, shifting them towards smaller size groups while simultaneously forming spherical intermetallic phases located in the grain centre and serving as additional crystallization centers. In this case, grain size reduction and significant refinement of the alloy structural components were provided. The dependency of the separate and joint influence of alkali earth metals on the castings complex of properties of the magnesium alloy has been established. Thus, a separate modification of the ML5 alloy provided the maximum level of its strength and ductility with the addition of 0.1% Ca or Ba. The modification of the complex (0.1% Ca + 0.1% Ba) of the magnesium alloy decreased the dimensions of its structural components 1.5 times and increased the strength of the alloy by 20%, the ductility by 2 times and the long-term heat resistance 1.5 times due to the formation of the intermetallic phases of the complex composition. Linear dependences were obtained that describe the influence of the characteristics of the structural components of the modified magnesium alloy on its mechanical properties. The developed technology for modifying cast magnesium alloys with alkaline earth elements provides an improvement in casting quality and allows the reliability and durability of responsible casting operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadym Shalomeev
- National University Zaporizhzhya Polytechnik, 64 Zhukovs’kogo Street, 69063 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Galyna Tabunshchyk
- National University Zaporizhzhya Polytechnik, 64 Zhukovs’kogo Street, 69063 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Viktor Greshta
- National University Zaporizhzhya Polytechnik, 64 Zhukovs’kogo Street, 69063 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine;
| | - Marek Nykiel
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland; (M.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Kinga Korniejenko
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland; (M.N.); (K.K.)
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17
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Kao CW, Kung PY, Chang CC, Huang WC, Chang FL, Kao CR. Highly Robust Ti Adhesion Layer during Terminal Reaction in Micro-Bumps. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4297. [PMID: 35744357 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of scaled-down micro-bumps in miniaturized consumer electronic products has led to the easy realization of full intermetallic solder bumps owing to the completion of the wetting layer. However, the direct contact of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with the adhesion layer may pose serious reliability concerns. In this study, the terminal reaction of the Ti adhesion layer with Cu-Sn IMCs was investigated by aging the micro-bumps at 200 °C. Although all of the micro-bumps transformed into intermetallic structures after aging, they exhibited a strong attachment to the Ti adhesion layer, which differs significantly from the Cr system where spalling of IMCs occurred during the solid-state reaction. Moreover, the difference in the diffusion rates between Cu and Sn might have induced void formation during aging. These voids progressed to the center of the bump through the depleting Cu layer. However, they neither affected the attachment between the IMCs and the adhesion layer nor reduced the strength of the bumps. In conclusion, the IMCs demonstrated better adhesive behavior with the Ti adhesion layer when compared to Cr, which has been used in previous studies.
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18
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Tetteh EB, Gyan-Barimah C, Lee HY, Kang TH, Kang S, Ringe S, Yu JS. Strained Pt(221) Facet in a PtCo@Pt-Rich Catalyst Boosts Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:25246-25256. [PMID: 35609281 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, the development of highly active and durable Pt-based electrocatalysts has been identified as the main target for a large-scale industrial application of fuel cells. In this work, we make a significant step ahead in this direction by preparing a high-performance electrocatalyst and suggesting new structure-activity design concepts which could shape the future of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst design. For this, we present a new one-dimensional nanowire catalyst consisting of a L10 ordered intermetallic PtCo alloy core and compressively strained high-index facets in the Pt-rich shell. We find the nanoscale PtCo catalyst to provide an excellent turnover for the ORR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which we explain from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations to be due to the high ratio of Pt(221) facets. These facets include highly active ORR and HER sites surprisingly on the terraces which are activated by a combination of sub-surface Co-induced high Miller index-related strain and oxygen coverage on the step sites. The low dimensionality of the catalyst provides a cost-efficient use of Pt. In addition, the high catalytic activity and durability are found during both half-cell and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operations for both ORR and HER. We believe the revealed design concepts for generating active sites on the Pt-based catalyst can open up a new pathway toward the development of high-performance cathode catalysts for PEMFCs and other catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Batsa Tetteh
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Analytical Chemistry─Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Caleb Gyan-Barimah
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Kang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan Ringe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Yu
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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19
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Chen W, Luo S, Sun M, Tang M, Fan X, Cheng Y, Wu X, Liao Y, Huang B, Quan Z. Hexagonal PtBi Intermetallic Inlaid with Sub-Monolayer Pb Oxyhydroxide Boosts Methanol Oxidation. Small 2022; 18:e2107803. [PMID: 35212141 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineering multicomponent nanocatalysts is effective to improve electrocatalysis in many applications, yet it remains a challenge in constructing well-defined multimetallic active sites at the atomic level. Herein, the surface inlay of sub-monolayer Pb oxyhydroxide onto hexagonal PtBi intermetallic nanoplates with intrinsically isolated Pt atoms to boost the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is reported. The well-defined PtBi@6.7%Pb nanocatalyst exhibits 4.0 and 7.4 times higher mass activity than PtBi nanoplates and commercial Pt/C catalyst toward MOR in the alkaline electrolyte at 30 °C. Meanwhile, it also achieves a record-high mass activity of 51.07 A mg-1 Pt at direct methanol fuel cells operation temperature of 60 °C. DFT calculations reveal that the introduction of Pb oxyhydroxide on the surface not only promotes the electron transfer efficiency but also suppresses the CO poisoning effect, and the efficient p-d coupling optimizes the electroactivity of PtBi@6.7%Pb nanoplates toward the MOR process with low reaction barriers. This work offers a nanoengineering strategy to effectively construct and modulate multimetallic nanocatalysts to improve the electroactivity toward the MOR in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuiping Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaokun Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yujia Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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20
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Mann D, Díez AM, Xu J, Lebedev OI, Kolen’ko YV, Shatruk M. Polar Layered Intermetallic LaCo 2P 2 as a Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:14120-14128. [PMID: 35291765 PMCID: PMC9455929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate LaCo2P2 as an electrocatalytic material for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline and acidic conditions. This layered intermetallic material was prepared via Sn-flux high-temperature annealing. The electrocatalytic ink, prepared with the ball-milled LaCo2P2 catalyst at the mass loading of 0.25 mg/cm2, shows OER activity at pH = 14, reaching current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA/cm2 under the overpotential of 400, 440, and 460 mV, respectively. Remarkably, the electrocatalytic performance remains constant for at least 4 days. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the formation of a catalytically active CoOx shell around the pre-catalyst LaCo2P2 core during the alkaline OER. The core serves as a robust support for the in situ-formed electrocatalytic system. Similar studies under pH = 0 reveal the rapid deterioration of LaCo2P2, with the formation of LaPO4 and amorphous cobalt oxide. This study shows the viability of layered intermetallics as stable OER electrocatalysts, although further developments are required to improve the electrocatalytic performance and increase the stability at lower pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas
K. Mann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Aida M. Díez
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Junyuan Xu
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Oleg I. Lebedev
- Laboratoire
CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-Ensicaen, Caen 14050, France
| | - Yury V. Kolen’ko
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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21
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Małecka J. Resistance to High-Temperature Oxidation of Ti-Al-Nb Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15062137. [PMID: 35329585 PMCID: PMC8951374 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The research presented in this paper concerns the assessment of the resistance to high-temperature oxidation behaviour of a Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.1Si-0.2Ni alloy and the explanation of the role of niobium during oxidation processes. The basic problem concerned the evaluation of the resistance of the studied alloy to cyclic oxidation in an air atmosphere, with particular attention to the influence of temperature, surface roughness and cooling rate from heating temperature to room temperature. The issue analysed was the effect of niobium addition on the corrosion kinetics as a high-melting element causing improved oxidation resistance, contributing to the reduction in the oxidation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Małecka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland
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22
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Cui M, Yang C, Hwang S, Li B, Dong Q, Wu M, Xie H, Wang X, Wang G, Hu L. Rapid Atomic Ordering Transformation toward Intermetallic Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2022; 22:255-262. [PMID: 34932367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles are promising candidates for energy-related applications such as electrocatalysis. However, the synthesis of intermetallics generally requires long annealing (several hours) to achieve the ordered structure, which causes nanoparticles agglomeration and diminished performance, particularly for catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate a new rapid Joule heating approach that can synthesize highly ordered and well-dispersed intermetallic nanoparticles. As a proof-of-concept, we synthesized fully ordered Pd3Pb intermetallic nanoparticles that feature small size distribution (∼6 nm). Computational analysis of the L12 Pd3Pb material suggests that this rapid atomic ordering transformation can be attributed to a vacancy-mediated diffusion mechanism. Moreover, the nanoparticles demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic activity and exceptional stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), retaining >95% of the current density over 10 h of chronoamperometry test with negligible structural and compositional changes. This study demonstrates a new strategy of providing a new direction for intermetallic synthesis and catalyst discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Meiling Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xizheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Ashberry H, Zhan X, Skrabalak SE. Identification of Nanoscale Processes Associated with the Disorder-to-Order Transformation of Carbon-Supported Alloy Nanoparticles. ACS Mater Au 2021; 2:143-153. [PMID: 36855759 PMCID: PMC9888660 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to their ordered crystal structures and high structural stabilities, intermetallic nanoparticles often display enhanced catalytic, magnetic, and optical properties compared to their random alloy counterparts. Intermetallic nanoparticles can be achieved by thermal annealing of their disordered (random alloy) counterparts. However, high temperatures and long annealing times needed to achieve the disorder-to-order transition often lead to a loss of sample monodispersity and an increase in the average size of nanoparticles. Here, we performed ex situ powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ annealing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments to elucidate nanoscale processes that contribute to the ordering of carbon-supported PdCu nanoparticles as a model system. Random alloy PdCu nanoparticles supported on carbon were thermally annealed for various lengths of time at the disorder-to-order phase transition temperature, where changes in nanoparticle size and the crystal phase were monitored. The nanoparticles were only completely transformed to the intermetallic phase by undertaking measures to deliberately increase their size by increasing the number of nanoparticles on the carbon support. In situ annealing TEM experiments reveal nanoscale processes that account for the disorder-to-order phase transformation. Five different processes were observed at 400 °C. Isolated nanoparticles remained in the random alloy phase or underwent a phase transformation to the intermetallic phase. Nanoparticles fused with neighboring nanoparticles resulting in no change in phase or conversion to the intermetallic phase. Evidence of vapor transport was also observed, as some isolated nanoparticles were found to diminish in size upon heating. These variable processes account for the heterogeneity often observed for intermetallic nanoparticle samples achieved through annealing and motivate the development of synthetic routes that suppress particle-particle coalescence, as well as investigating metal-support interactions to facilitate the disorder-to-order phase transformation under mild conditions. Overall, this work furthers our knowledge of the formation of intermetallic nanoparticles by thermal annealing approaches, which could accelerate the development of electrocatalysts and the application of intermetallic nanoparticles in magnetic storage devices.
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Yang P, Ye S, Feng B, Liu J, Huang S, Liu G, Zhang W, Tang W, Zhu S, Zhang S. Microgalvanic Corrosion of Mg-Ca and Mg-Al-Ca Alloys in NaCl and Na 2SO 4 Solutions. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14237140. [PMID: 34885294 PMCID: PMC8658488 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a kind of potential biomedical material, Mg–Ca alloy has attracted much attention. However, the role of Ca-containing intermetallics in microgalvanic corrosion is still controversial. In 0.6 mol/L NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions, the microgalvanic corrosion behavior of the second phase and Mg matrix of Mg–Ca and Mg–Al–Ca alloys was examined. It was confirmed that the Mg2Ca phase acts as a microanode in microgalvanic corrosion in both NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions, with the Mg matrix acting as the cathode and the Al2Ca phase acting as the microcathode to accelerate corrosion of the adjacent Mg matrix. It was also found that Cl− and SO42− have different sensibilities to microgalvanic corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixu Yang
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Songbo Ye
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Baojing Feng
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Sensen Huang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Guonan Liu
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Weineng Tang
- Technology Center, Baosteel Metal Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200940, China;
| | - Shijie Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (S.Y.); (B.F.); (G.L.); (W.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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Bueno SLA, Zhan X, Wolfe J, Chatterjee K, Skrabalak SE. Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Pd-Sn Nanocrystal Catalysts of Defined Size and Shape. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:51876-51885. [PMID: 33945682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-based nanoparticles (NPs) are of interest as electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation (FAEO) because of their higher initial catalytic activity and CO tolerance when compared to Pt. Intermetallic NPs (i-NPs) with specific geometric and electronic structures generally exhibit superior catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability when compared to their disordered (random alloy) counterparts; however, the colloidal synthesis of i-NPs remains a challenge. Here, a one-pot method was demonstrated as a facile route to obtain monodisperse Pd-Sn NPs with phase control, including intermetallic hexagonal Pd3Sn2 (P63/mmc), intermetallic orthorhombic Pd2Sn (Pnma), and alloy cubic Pd3Sn (FCC, Fm3m) as size-controlled NPs with quasi-spherical shapes. Initial metal precursor ratios and reaction temperature were critical parameters to achieving phase control. Also, slight modifications of synthetic conditions resulted in either Pd2Sn nanorhombohedra or nanorods with tunable aspect ratios. A systematic evaluation of the Pd-Sn NPs for FAEO showed that most presented higher specific activities when compared to commercial Pd/C, in which Pd2Sn quasi-spheres and nanorhombohedra showed the highest catalytic activity for FAEO. These results highlight the benefits of phase-controlled Pd-based nanocatalysts with defined nanocrystal size and shape, with use of trioctylphospine (TOP) and oleic acid (OA) central to shape and size control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L A Bueno
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xun Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Joshua Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kaustav Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sara E Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Manu K, Jezierski J, Ganesh MRS, Shankar KV, Narayanan SA. Titanium in Cast Cu-Sn Alloys-A Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164587. [PMID: 34443110 PMCID: PMC8401867 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article reviews the progress made on bronze alloys processed through various casting techniques, and focuses on enhancements in the microstructural characteristics, hardness, tensile properties, and tribological behaviour of Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Ti alloys. Copper and its alloys have found several applications in the fields of automobiles, marine and machine tools specifically for propellers in submarines, bearings, and bushings. It has also been reported that bronze alloys are especially used as an anti-wear and friction-reducing material to make high performance bearings for roller cone cock bits and warships for defence purposes. In these applications, properties like tensile strength, yield strength, fatigue strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance are very important; however, these bronze alloys possess only moderate hardness, which results in low wear resistance, thereby limiting the application of these alloys in the automobile industry. The major factor that influences the properties of bronze alloys is the microstructure. Morphological changes in these bronze alloys are achieved through different manufacturing techniques, such as casting, heat treatment, and alloy addition, which enhance the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion characteristics. Alloying of Ti to cast Cu-Sn is very effective in changing the microstructure of bronze alloys. Reinforcing the bronze matrix with several ceramic particles and surface modifications also improves the properties of bronze alloys. The present article reviews the techniques involved in changing the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical and tribological behaviours of cast Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Ti alloys. Moreover, this article also reviews the industrial applications and future scope of these cast alloys in the automobile and marine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Manu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India; (K.M.); (M.R.S.G.); (S.A.N.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Jezierski
- Department of Foundry Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Towarowa 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (K.V.S.); Tel.: +48-691-544-485 (J.J.); +91-995-253-2461 (K.V.S.)
| | | | - Karthik Venkitaraman Shankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India; (K.M.); (M.R.S.G.); (S.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (K.V.S.); Tel.: +48-691-544-485 (J.J.); +91-995-253-2461 (K.V.S.)
| | - Sudarsanan Aswath Narayanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri 690525, India; (K.M.); (M.R.S.G.); (S.A.N.)
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Sainis S, Zanella C. A Study of the Localized Ceria Coating Deposition on Fe-Rich Intermetallics in an AlSiFe Cast Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3058. [PMID: 34205165 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion inhibiting conversion coating formation is triggered by the activity of micro-galvanic couples in the microstructure and subsequent local increase in pH at cathodic sites, which in the case of aluminium alloys are usually intermetallics. Ceria coatings are formed spontaneously upon immersion of aluminium alloys in a cerium conversion coating solution, the high pH gradient in the vicinity of intermetallics drives the local precipitation of ceria conversion compounds. Cu-rich intermetallics demonstrate a highly cathodic nature and have shown the local precipitation reaction to occur readily. Fe-rich intermetallics are, however, weaker cathodes and have shown varied extents of localized deposits and are in focus in the current work. Model cast Al-7wt.%Si alloys have been designed with 1 wt.% Fe, solidified at different cooling rates to achieve two different microstructures, with big and small intermetallics, respectively. Upon subjecting the two microstructures to the same conversion coating treatment (immersion in a 0.1 M CeCl3 solution) for a short period of 2 h, preferential heavy deposition on the boundaries of the big intermetallics and light deposition on the small intermetallics was observed. Based on these observations, a mechanism of localized coating initiation at these Fe-rich intermetallic particles (IM) is proposed.
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28
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Pavlyuk V, Ciesielski W, Kulawik D, Pavlyuk N, Dmytriv G. Structural and enhanced hydrogen storage properties of the Li 12Mg 3Si 3Al phase. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:227-234. [PMID: 33949338 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621004113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The multicomponent alumosilicide Li12Mg3Si3Al (cubic, space group I-43d, cI76) belongs to the structural family based on the Cu15Si4 type. The Li atoms are ordered and occupy the site with symmetry 1 and the Mg atoms occupy the site with -4.. symmetry. The Si/Al statistical mixture occupies the site with .3. symmetry. The coordination polyhedra around the Li atoms are 13-vertex distorted pseudo-Frank-Kasper polyhedra. The environments of the Mg and Si/Al atoms are icosahedral. The hydrogen storage characteristics of Li12Mg3Si3Al were investigated. The reversible hydrogen storage capacity of the title compound is excellent and the gravimetric storage capacity of this new material, corresponding to 9.1 wt% H2, is higher compared to Li12Mg3Si4 (8.8 wt%). The enthalpy of hydrogen desorption is 86 kJ mol-1 and is lower compared to known lithium-based hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Pavlyuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ciesielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Damian Kulawik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Nazar Pavlyuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Grygoriy Dmytriv
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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Barreteau C, Crivello JC, Joubert JM, Alleno E. Optimization of Criteria for an Efficient Screening of New Thermoelectric Compounds: The TiNiSi Structure-Type as a Case-Study. ACS Comb Sci 2020; 22:813-820. [PMID: 33078940 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput calculations can be applied to a large number of compounds, in order to discover new useful materials. In the present work, ternary intermetallic compounds are investigated, to find new potentially interesting materials for thermoelectric applications. The screening of stable nonmetallic compounds required for such applications is performed by calculating their electronic structure, using DFT methods. In the first section, the study of the density of states at the Fermi level, of pure elements, binary and ternary compounds, leads to empirically chose the selection criterion to distinguish metals from nonmetals. In the second section, the TiNiSi structure-type is used as a case-study application, through the investigation of 570 possible compositions. The screening leads to the selection of 12 possible semiconductors. The Seebeck coefficient and the lattice thermal conductivity of the selected compounds are calculated in order to identify the most promising ones. Among them, TiNiSi, TaNiP, or HfCoP are shown to be worth a detailed experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Barreteau
- Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR7182, F-94320, Thiais, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Joubert
- Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR7182, F-94320, Thiais, France
| | - Eric Alleno
- Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR7182, F-94320, Thiais, France
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30
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Zhu Z, Liu F, Fan J, Li Q, Min Y, Xu Q. C2 Alcohol Oxidation Boosted by Trimetallic PtPbBi Hexagonal Nanoplates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:52731-52740. [PMID: 33169980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of ternary Pt-based catalysts represents a new trend for the application of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. In the present study, intermetallic PtPbBi hexagonal nanoplates (HNPs) with a hexagonal close-packed structure have been successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal synthesis approach. The optimized PtPbBi HNPs exhibited excellent mass activity in the ethanol oxidation reaction (8870 mA mg-1Pt) in an alkaline ethanol solution, which is 12.7 times higher than that of JM Pt/C. Meanwhile, the mass activity of PtPbBi HNPs in an ethylene glycol solution (10,225 mA mg-1Pt) is 1.85 times higher than that of JM Pt/C. In particular, its catalytic activity is better than that of most reported Pt-based catalysts. In addition, the optimized PtPbBi HNPs also show a better operational durability than commercial Pt/C. For the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction, a mass activity of 42.7% was retained even after a chronoamperometric test for 3600 s, which is rare among the reported Pt-based catalysts. By combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization, we reveal the electron transfer between Pt, Pb, and Bi; this would lead to weakened CO adsorption and enhanced OH adsorption, thereby promoting the removal of toxic intermediates and ensuring that PtPbBi HNP samples have high activity and excellent stability. This work can inspire the design and synthesis of Pt-based nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power, Yangpu District, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power, Yangpu District, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jinchen Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power, Yangpu District, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qiaoxia Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power, Yangpu District, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yulin Min
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power, Yangpu District, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qunjie Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power, Yangpu District, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, China
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31
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Kim HY, Kwon T, Ha Y, Jun M, Baik H, Jeong HY, Kim H, Lee K, Joo SH. Intermetallic PtCu Nanoframes as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7413-7421. [PMID: 32924501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoframe alloy structures represent a class of high-performance catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), owing to their high active surface area, efficient molecular accessibility, and nanoconfinement effect. However, structural and chemical instabilities of nanoframes remain an important challenge. Here, we report the synthesis of PtCu nanoframes constructed with an atomically ordered intermetallic structure (O-PtCuNF/C) showing high ORR activity, durability, and chemical stability. We rationally designed the O-PtCuNF/C catalyst by combining theoretical composition predictions with a silica-coating-mediated synthesis. The O-PtCuNF/C combines intensified strain and ligand effects from the intermetallic PtCu L11 structure and advantages of the nanoframes, resulting in superior ORR activity to disordered alloy PtCu nanoframes (D-PtCuNF/C) and commercial Pt/C catalysts. Importantly, the O-PtCuNF/C showed the highest ORR mass activity among PtCu-based catalysts. Furthermore, the O-PtCuNF/C exhibited higher ORR durability and far less etching of constituent atoms than D-PtCuNF/C and Pt/C, attesting to the chemically stable nature of the intermetallic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhoo Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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32
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Ye C, Peng M, Wang Y, Zhang N, Wang D, Jiao M, Miller JT. Surface Hexagonal Pt 1Sn 1 Intermetallic on Pt Nanoparticles for Selective Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:25903-25909. [PMID: 32423194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-3 nm Pt-Sn bimetallic nanoparticles with different Pt-Sn coordination numbers were synthesized by a stepwise approach including electrostatic adsorption and temperature-programmed reduction of metal precursors on the SiO2 support. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) demonstrated a highly ordered hexagonal Pt1Sn1 intermetallic shell on Pt nanoparticles. The turnover rates (TORs), propylene selectivity, and stability of these bimetallic catalysts significantly surpass those of the monometallic Pt catalyst for propane dehydrogenation. At the same time, TORs increase with increasing the Pt-Sn coordination number, whereas propylene selectivity is not significantly influenced by the Pt-Sn coordination number. Combined with experiments and theoretical calculations, the high propylene selectivity of Pt-Sn bimetallic nanoparticles is attributed to the geometric effects of Sn that reduce the Pt ensembles, and the high TORs are due to the electronic effects that weaken Pt-hydrocarbon chemisorption energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ningqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miaolun Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Wachowski M, Kosturek R, Śnieżek L, Mróz S, Stefanik A, Szota P. The Effect of Post-Weld Hot-Rolling on the Properties of Explosively Welded Mg/Al/Ti Multilayer Composite. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13081930. [PMID: 32325899 PMCID: PMC7215525 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes an investigation of an explosively welded Mg/Al/Ti multilayer composite. Following the welding, the composite was subjected to hot-rolling in three different temperatures: 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C, with a total relative strain of 30%. The rolling speed was 0.2 m/s. The investigation of the composite properties involves microhardness analysis and mini-specimen tensile tests of the joints. The composite Mg/Al and Al/Ti bonds in the as-welded state and after rolling in 400 °C were subjected to microstructure analysis using scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the Al/Ti interface, the presence of melted zones with localized intermetallic precipitates has been reported in the as-welded state, and it has been stated that hot-rolling results in precipitation of intermetallic particles from the melted zone. The application of the hot-rolling process causes the formation of a continuous layer in the Mg/Al joint, consisting of two intermetallic phases, Mg2Al3 (β) and Mg17Al12 (γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wachowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (R.K.); (L.Ś.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-261-839-245
| | - Robert Kosturek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (R.K.); (L.Ś.)
| | - Lucjan Śnieżek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (R.K.); (L.Ś.)
| | - Sebastian Mróz
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stefanik
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Szota
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
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Griffiths SJ, Jantimapornkij P, Schmitz G. Miniaturization, Triple-Line Effects, and Reactive Wetting of Microsolder Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8935-8943. [PMID: 32027123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While reactive microsolder joints are of ubiquitous importance in modern electronics, the effects of joint miniaturization on wetting behavior remain largely unexplored. We elucidate this fundamental question of scalability by investigating the wettability of eutectic SnPb solder on Cu and Ni-electrodeposited metallization strips of varying widths. Contact angles are presented in dependence of the metallization width which is varied from 3 mm down to ∼100 μm. The measured angles clearly increase with decreasing metallization width. Based on the measurements and by modifying Young's equation, it is shown that the behavior of the wetting angle can be quantitatively understood with an "effective" triple-line energy of ϵt = (753 ± 31) × 10-9J/m for SnPb on Cu. The interpretation of this energy term is discussed in relation to the forming intermetallic phase and the ensuing surface roughness. A remarkable similarity between the experimentally observed size dependence and the crossed-groove perturbation model of Huh and Mason demonstrates that the rough intermetallic phase induces wetting hysteresis such that it is quantitatively well described by an effective triple-line energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Griffiths
- Chair of Materials Physics, Institute for Materials Science , University of Stuttgart , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Patcharawee Jantimapornkij
- Chair of Materials Physics, Institute for Materials Science , University of Stuttgart , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Guido Schmitz
- Chair of Materials Physics, Institute for Materials Science , University of Stuttgart , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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35
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Cao L, Niu L, Mueller T. Computationally generated maps of surface structures and catalytic activities for alloy phase diagrams. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22044-22051. [PMID: 31611392 PMCID: PMC6825287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910724116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the rational design of alloy catalysts, we introduce a method for rapidly calculating the structure and catalytic properties of a substitutional alloy surface that is in equilibrium with the underlying bulk phase. We implement our method by developing a way to generate surface cluster expansions that explicitly account for the lattice parameter of the bulk structure. This approach makes it possible to computationally map the structure of an alloy surface and statistically sample adsorbate binding energies at every point in the alloy phase diagram. When combined with a method for predicting catalytic activities from adsorbate binding energies, maps of catalytic activities at every point in the phase diagram can be created, enabling the identification of synthesis conditions likely to result in highly active catalysts. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing Pt-rich Pt-Ni catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, finding 2 regions in the phase diagram that are predicted to result in highly active catalysts. Our analysis indicates that the Pt3Ni(111) surface, which has the highest known specific activity for the oxygen reduction reaction, is likely able to achieve its high activity through the formation of an intermetallic phase with L12 order. We use the generated surface structure and catalytic activity maps to demonstrate how the intermetallic nature of this phase leads to high catalytic activity and discuss how the underlying principles can be used in catalysis design. We further discuss the importance of surface phases and demonstrate how they can dramatically affect catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Le Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Tim Mueller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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36
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Marakatti VS, Sarma SC, Sarkar S, Krajčí M, Gaigneaux EM, Peter SC. Synthetically Tuned Pd-Based Intermetallic Compounds and their Structural Influence on the O 2 Dissociation in Benzylamine Oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:37602-37616. [PMID: 31545585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) have diverse electronic and geometrical properties to offer. However, the synthesis of intermetallic nanoparticles is not always easy; developing new methodologies that are conventional for many systems can be challenging, especially when incorporating highly electropositive metals to reduce to IMCs using solution synthesis methodologies. In this study, we report a comprehensive approach to access nanocrystalline PdxMy (M = Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sn, Pb, Cd, In) intermetallic (IM) via the coreduction method employing sodium borohydride as the reductant. A combination of diffraction, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques were performed to characterize the formed nanoparticles in terms of their phase composition, purity, particle size distribution, and surface oxidation properties of metals, respectively. IMCs of Pd with the elements such as Cu, Zn, Ga, and Ge exhibited higher catalytic activity that with elements such as In, Sn, Pb, and Cd. The DFT studies on these compounds revealed that the adsorption of benzylamine at the Pd site and the dissociative adsorption of O2 on the IM surface play a significant effect on catalytic activity. Among them, PdCu IM exhibited an excellent conversion of benzylamine (94.0%), with 92.2% of dibenzylimine selectivity compared to other IMCs. Moreover, PdCu exhibited decent recyclability and activity for the oxidation of different substituted primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar S Marakatti
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST) , Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) , Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 , Belgium
| | | | | | - M Krajčí
- Institute of Physics , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava SK-84511 , Slovakia
| | - Eric M Gaigneaux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST) , Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) , Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 , Belgium
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37
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Ashberry HM, Gamler JTL, Unocic RR, Skrabalak SE. Disorder-to-Order Transition Mediated by Size Refocusing: A Route toward Monodisperse Intermetallic Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2019; 19:6418-6423. [PMID: 31430166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intermetallic nanoparticles are remarkable due to their often enhanced catalytic, magnetic, and optical properties, which arise from their ordered crystal structures and high structural stability. Typical syntheses of intermetallic nanoparticles include thermal annealing of the disordered counterpart in atmosphere (or vacuum) or colloidal syntheses, where the phase transformation is achieved in solution. Although both methods can produce intermetallic nanoparticles, there is difficulty in achieving monodisperse nanoparticles, which is critical to exploiting their properties for various applications. Here, we show that overgrowth on random alloy AuCu nanoparticles mediated by size refocusing yields monodisperse intermetallic AuCu nanoparticles. Size refocusing has been used in syntheses of semiconductor and upconverting nanocrystals to achieve monodisperse samples, but now we demonstrate size refocusing as a mechanism to achieve the disorder-to-order phase transformation in multimetallic nanoparticles. The phase transformation was monitored by time evolution experiments, where analysis of reaction aliquots with transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction revealed the generation and dissolution of small nanoparticles coupled with an increase in the average size of the nanoparticles and conversion to the ordered phase. This demonstration advances the understanding of intermetallic nanoparticle formation in colloidal syntheses, which can expedite the development of electrocatalysts and magnetic storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Ashberry
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Jocelyn T L Gamler
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Raymond R Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , One Bethel Valley Road , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Sara E Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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38
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Wang H, Zhu C, Liu Q, Tan J, Wang C, Liang Z, Ma L. Selective Conversion of Cellulose to Hydroxyacetone and 1-Hydroxy-2-Butanone with Sn-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:2154-2160. [PMID: 30767387 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high-value-added chemicals hydroxyacetone (HA) and 1-hydroxy-2-butanone (HB) were produced from agricultural waste over a Ni3 Sn4 -SnOx catalyst. The Sn-Ni intermetallic compound and SnOx acted as the active sites for HA and HB production by selectively cleaving the target C-C and C-O bonds. Approximately 70 % of the total HA and HB yield was obtained by selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose. This strategy expands the application of cellulose towards renewable production of high-value C3 and C4 keto-alcohols from cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qiying Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Jin Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
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Yu X, Zhao Z, Shi D, Dai H, Sun J, Dong X. Enhanced High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Al⁻Cu⁻Li Alloy through T1 Coarsening Inhibition and Ce-Containing Intermetallic Refinement. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E1521. [PMID: 31075922 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the addition of 0.29 wt% Ce on the high-temperature mechanical properties of an Al–Cu–Li alloy were investigated. Ce addition contributes to T1 (Al2CuLi) phase coarsening inhibition and Ce-containing intermetallic refinement which greatly improved the thermal stability and high-temperature deformation uniformity of this alloy. On the one hand, small Ce in solid solution and segregation at phase interface can effectively prevent the diffusion and convergence of the main element Cu on T1 phase during thermal exposure. Therefore, the thermal stability of Ce-containing alloy substantiality improves during thermal exposure at the medium-high-temperature stage (170 °C to 270 °C). On the other hand, the increment of the tensile elongation in Ce-containing alloy is much greater than that in Ce-free alloy at high temperatures tensile test, because the refined Al8Cu4Ce intermetallic phase with high-temperature stability are mainly located in the fracture area with plastic fracture characteristics. This work provides a new method for enhancing high-temperature mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Li alloy which could be used as a construction material for high-temperature structural components.
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40
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Kunz Wille EL, Grewal NS, Bux SK, Kauzlarich SM. Seebeck and Figure of Merit Enhancement by Rare Earth Doping in Yb 14-xRE xZnSb 11 (x = 0.5). Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E731. [PMID: 30832405 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Yb14ZnSb11 has been of interest for its intermediate valency and possible Kondo designation. It is one of the few transition metal compounds of the Ca14AlSb11 structure type that show metallic behavior. While the solid solution of Yb14Mn1-xZnxSb11 shows an improvement in the high temperature figure of merit of about 10% over Yb14MnSb11, there has been no investigation of optimization of the Zn containing phase. In an effort to expand the possible high temperature p-type thermoelectric materials with this structure type, the rare earth (RE) containing solid solution Yb14-xRExZnSb11 (RE = Y, La) was investigated. The substitution of a small amount of 3+ rare earth (RE) for Yb2+ was employed as a means of optimizing Yb14MnSb11 for use as a thermoelectric material. Yb14ZnSb11 is considered an intermediate valence Kondo system where some percentage of the Yb is formally 3+ and undergoes a reduction to 2+ at ~85 K. The substitution of a 3+ RE element could either replace the Yb3+ or add to the total amount of 3+ RE and provides changes to the electronic states. RE = Y, La were chosen as they represent the two extremes in size as substitutions for Yb: a similar and much larger size RE, respectively, compared with Yb3+. The composition x = 0.5 was chosen as that is the typical amount of RE element that can be substituted into Yb14MnSb11. These two new RE containing compositions show a significant improvement in Seebeck while decreasing thermal conductivity. The addition of RE increases the melting point of Yb14ZnSb11 so that the transport data from 300 K to 1275 K can be collected. The figure of merit is increased five times over that of Yb14ZnSb11 and provides a zT ~0.7 at 1275 K.
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41
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Kadok J, de Weerd MC, Boulet P, Fournée V, Ledieu J. A new ternary compound with the BGa 8Ir 4 structure type in the Al-Au-Ir system. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2019; 75:49-52. [PMID: 32830777 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618016712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent determination of the Al3AuIr structure, a new ternary phase has been identified in the Al-Au-Ir phase diagram. It has a chemical composition Al9(Au;Ir)4 with an apparently low gold content. Its crystal structure has been determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The new compound crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and has been successfully solved in space group I41/acd (Pearson symbol tI104) with lattice parameters a = 8.6339 (2) and c = 21.8874 (7) Å. Atomic environments are described as well as similarities with the BGa8Ir4 compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Kadok
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus ARTEM 2 allée André Guinier, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cécile de Weerd
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus ARTEM 2 allée André Guinier, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Boulet
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus ARTEM 2 allée André Guinier, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Fournée
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus ARTEM 2 allée André Guinier, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Julian Ledieu
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus ARTEM 2 allée André Guinier, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
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Chanbi D, Adnane Amara L, Ogam E, Amara SE, Fellah ZEA. Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Binary Ti-Rich Fe⁻Ti, Al-Rich Fe⁻Al, and Ti⁻Al Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12030433. [PMID: 30708962 PMCID: PMC6384648 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three series of binary, FeTi (Ti-rich), FeAl and TiAl (Al-rich) alloy samples were produced in an argon arc furnace. An annealing treatment of 72 h at 1000 °C was applied to the samples, giving rise to different equilibrium microstructures depending on chemical composition. Their mechanical properties were studied through the determination of elastic constants that measure the stiffness of the elaborated materials. Young's modulus of the binary alloys was determined using Resonance Ultrasonic Vibration (RUV). The accuracy of this technique was demonstrated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) made it possible to identify intermetallic compounds FeTi and Fe 2 Ti, FeAl and Fe Al 2 , and TiAl and Ti Al 2 in respective systems Fe⁻Ti, Fe⁻Al, and Ti⁻Al. The link between their composition, microstructure, and elastic properties was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoud Chanbi
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Corrosion, Métallurgie et Chimie Minérale, Université des Sciences et de la technologie de Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria.
| | - Leïla Adnane Amara
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Corrosion, Métallurgie et Chimie Minérale, Université des Sciences et de la technologie de Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria.
| | - Erick Ogam
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA-UMR 7031 Aix-Marseille University-CNRS-Centrale Marseille, F-13453 Marseille CEDEX 13, France.
| | - Sif Eddine Amara
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Corrosion, Métallurgie et Chimie Minérale, Université des Sciences et de la technologie de Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria.
| | - Zine El Abiddine Fellah
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA-UMR 7031 Aix-Marseille University-CNRS-Centrale Marseille, F-13453 Marseille CEDEX 13, France.
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Cheng N, Zhang L, Mi S, Jiang H, Hu Y, Jiang H, Li C. L1 2 Atomic Ordered Substrate Enhanced Pt-Skin Cu 3Pt Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:38015-38023. [PMID: 30360067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Constructing Pt skin on intermetallics has been confirmed as an efficient strategy to boost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. However, there still lacks a systematic study on revealing the influence of low-Pt-content intermetallic substrates (L12-PtM3). In this paper, Pt skin-encapsulated low-Pt-mole-fraction L12 Cu3Pt has been constructed (denoted as Pt-o-Cu3Pt/C) and compared with its disordered analogue (denoted as Pt-d-Cu3Pt/C). The L12 substrate shows a contracted lattice structure and provides Pt-o-Cu3Pt/C with an excellent specific activity of 1.73 mA cm-2, which is 1.4- and 8.4-fold higher than that of Pt-d-Cu3Pt/C and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this superior performance is attributed to the more favorable oxygen adsorption energy of surface Pt atoms. Furthermore, the lower formation energy of L12 Cu3Pt combined with the enhanced antioxygenation of Pt provide Pt-o-Cu3Pt/C with a superior durability, showing only a 12.5% loss in mass activity after 5000 potential cycles. Therefore, it is suggested that L12 atomic ordered structure with a low Pt fraction is a promising substrate for building high-performance Pt-skin catalysts for ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Shuying Mi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yanjie Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Zhu H, Cai Y, Wang F, Gao P, Cao J. Scalable Preparation of the Chemically Ordered Pt-Fe-Au Nanocatalysts with High Catalytic Reactivity and Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:22156-22166. [PMID: 29882641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-supported Au-Pt xFe y nanoparticles were synthesized via microwave heating polyol process, followed by annealing for the formation of the ordered structure. The structure characterizations indicate that Au is alloyed with intermetallic Pt-Fe nanoparticles and therefore the surface electronic properties are tuned. The electrochemical tests show that the microwave heating polyol process is more effective than oil bath heating polyol process for synthesizing the highly active catalysts. The introduction of trace Au (0.2 wt % Au) significantly improves the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity of Pt xFe y catalysts. Au-PtFe/C-H (0.66 A/mgPt) and Au-PtFe3/C-H (0.63 A/mgPt) prepared in a batch of 10.0 g show significantly improved catalytic activities than their counterparts (PtFe/C-H and PtFe3/C-H) as well as commercial Johnson Matthey Pt/C (0.17 A/mgPt). In addition, the as-prepared Au-PtFe/C-H and Au-PtFe3/C-H display highly enhanced stability toward the ORR compared to the commercial Pt/C. The superior catalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of chemically ordered intermetallic structure and Au. This work provides a scalable synthesis of the multimetallic chemically ordered Au-Pt xFe y catalysts with high ORR catalytic performance in acidic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, School of Science , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Yezheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, School of Science , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Fanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, School of Science , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, School of Science , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Jidong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, School of Science , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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Kainzbauer P, Richter KW, Effenberger HS, Marker MCJ, Ipser H. Single-crystal structure determination of two new ternary bismuthides: Rh 6Mn 5Bi 18 and RhMnBi 3. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:863-869. [PMID: 29973426 PMCID: PMC6038359 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618009087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of the ternary Rh-Mn-Bi phase diagram revealed the existence of two new ternary bismuthides, viz. hexarhodium pentamanganese octadecabismuthide (Rh6Mn5Bi18) and rhodium manganese tribismuthide (RhMnBi3). Their crystal structures represent new structure types. Rh6Mn5Bi18, with a Wyckoff sequence a f2 g2 i5, crystallizes in the tetragonal system (space group P42/mnm; Pearson symbol tP58), and RhMnBi3, with a Wyckoff sequence a c g i q, crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (Cmmm; oS20). In the Rh6Mn5Bi18 structure, the transition metal atoms are linked into ribbon-like structural units aligned along the [001] direction, whereas planar sheets are formed in RhMnBi3. In both crystal structures, the units formed by the transition metal atoms are enveloped by Bi atoms, which themselves form a loosely bound network. The linkage results in a layer structure for RhMnBi3, while in the case of Rh6Mn5Bi18, a three-dimensional network is formed; the latter, however, contains several areas where Bi...Bi distances suggest van der Waals interactions. Both phases under discussion have analogous structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kainzbauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry – Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Klaus W. Richter
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry – Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Herta Silvia Effenberger
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin C. J. Marker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry – Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Herbert Ipser
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry – Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Lavella M, Botto D. Fretting Fatigue Analysis of Additively Manufactured Blade Root Made of Intermetallic Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy at High Temperature. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11071052. [PMID: 29933574 PMCID: PMC6073166 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Slots in the disk of aircraft turbines restrain the centrifugal load of blades. Contact surfaces between the blade root and the disk slot undergo high contact pressure and relative displacement that is the typical condition in which fretting occurs. The load level ranges from zero to the maximum during take-off. This cycle is repeated for each mission. In this paper, a fretting fatigue analysis of additively manufactured blades is presented. Blades are made of an intermetallic alloy γTiAl. Fretting fatigue experiments were performed at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and at a temperature of 640 °C to match the operating condition of real blades. The minimum load was fixed at 0.5 KN and three maximum loads were applied, namely 16, 18 and 20 kN. Both an analytical and a two-dimensional finite element model were used to evaluate the state of stress at the contact interfaces. The results of the analytical model showed good agreement with the numerical model. Experiments showed that cracks nucleate where the analytical model predicts the maximum contact pressure and the numerical model predicts the maximum equivalent stress. A parametric analysis performed with the analytical model indicates that there exists an optimum geometry to minimize the contact pressure. Tests showed that the component life changed dramatically with the maximum load variation. Optical topography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals information about the damage mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lavella
- Politecnico di Torino Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Daniele Botto
- Politecnico di Torino Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Tsakiropoulos P. Alloying and Hardness of Eutectics with Nb ss and Nb₅Si₃ in Nb-silicide Based Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E592. [PMID: 29641503 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In Nb-silicide based alloys, eutectics can form that contain the Nbss and Nb5Si3 phases. The Nb5Si3 can be rich or poor in Ti, the Nb can be substituted with other transition and refractory metals, and the Si can be substituted with simple metal and metalloid elements. For the production of directionally solidified in situ composites of multi-element Nb-silicide based alloys, data about eutectics with Nbss and Nb5Si3 is essential. In this paper, the alloying behaviour of eutectics observed in Nb-silicide based alloys was studied using the parameters ΔHmix, ΔSmix, VEC (valence electron concentration), δ (related to atomic size), Δχ (related to electronegativity), and Ω (= Tm ΔSmix/|ΔHmix|). The values of these parameters were in the ranges −41.9 < ΔHmix <−25.5 kJ/mol, 4.7 < ΔSmix < 15 J/molK, 4.33 < VEC < 4.89, 6.23 < δ < 9.44, 0.38 < Ω < 1.35, and 0.118 < Δχ < 0.248, with a gap in Δχ values between 0.164 and 0.181. Correlations between ΔSmix, Ω, ΔSmix, and VEC were found for all of the eutectics. The correlation between ΔHmix and δ for the eutectics was the same as that of the Nbss, with more negative ΔHmix for the former. The δ versus Δχ map separated the Ti-rich eutectics from the Ti-poor eutectics, with a gap in Δχ values between 0.164 and 0.181, which is within the Δχ gap of the Nbss. Eutectics were separated according to alloying additions in the Δχ versus VEC, Δχ versus <Si>, δ versus <Si>, and VEC versus <Si> maps, where <Si> = Al + Ge + Si + Sn. Convergence of data in maps occurred at δ ≈ 9.25, VEC ≈ 4.35, Δχ in the range ≈ 0.155 to 0.162, and <Si> in the range ≈ 21.6 at.% to ≈ 24.3 at.%. The convergence of data also indicated that the minimum concentration of Ti and maximum concentrations of Al and Si in the eutectic were about 8.7 at.% Ti, 6.3 at.% Al, and 21.6 at.% Si, respectively, and that the minimum concentration of Si in the eutectic was in the range 8 < Si < 10 at.%.
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Liu J, Fan X, Sun CQ, Zhu W. DFT Study on Intermetallic Pd-Cu Alloy with Cover Layer Pd as Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Materials (Basel) 2017; 11:E33. [PMID: 29278392 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the adsorption energies (Ead) for oxygen on monolayer Pd on top of the Pd–Cu face-centered cubic (FCC) alloy and intermetallic B2 structure revealed a linear correspondence between the adsorption energies and the d-band center position. The calculated barrier (Ebarrier) for oxygen dissociation depends linearly on the reaction energy difference (ΔE). The O2 has a stronger adsorption strength and smaller barrier on the intermetallic Pd–Cu surface than on its FCC alloy surface. The room-temperature free energy (ΔG) analysis suggests the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways proceed by a direct dissociation mechanism instead of hydrogenation into OOH. These results might be of use in designing intermetallic Pd–Cu as ORR electrocatalysts.
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Shen C, Hai Z, Zhao C, Zhang J, Evans JL, Bozack MJ, Suhling JC. Packaging Reliability Effect of ENIG and ENEPIG Surface Finishes in Board Level Thermal Test under Long-Term Aging and Cycling. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10050451. [PMID: 28772811 PMCID: PMC5459027 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study illustrates test results and comparative literature data on the influence of isothermal aging and thermal cycling associated with Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC105) and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) ball grid array (BGA) solder joints finished with ENIG and ENEPIG on the board side and ENIG on the package side compared with ImAg plating on both sides. The resulting degradation data suggests that the main concern for 0.4 mm pitch 10 mm package size BGA is package side surface finish, not board side. That is, ENIG performs better than immersion Ag for applications involving long-term isothermal aging. SAC305, with a higher relative fraction of Ag3Sn IMC within the solder, performs better than SAC105. SEM and polarized light microscope analysis show cracks propagated from the corners to the center or even to solder bulk, which eventually causes fatigue failure. Three factors are discussed: IMC, grain structure, and Ag3Sn particle. The continuous growth of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMC) and grains increase the risk of failure, while Ag3Sn particles seem helpful in blocking the crack propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Shen
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Zhou Hai
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - John L Evans
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Michael J Bozack
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Suhling
- Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Yan Y, Du JS, Gilroy KD, Yang D, Xia Y, Zhang H. Intermetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses and Catalytic Applications. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1605997. [PMID: 28234403 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
At the forefront of nanochemistry, there exists a research endeavor centered around intermetallic nanocrystals, which are unique in terms of long-range atomic ordering, well-defined stoichiometry, and controlled crystal structure. In contrast to alloy nanocrystals with no elemental ordering, it is challenging to synthesize intermetallic nanocrystals with a tight control over their size and shape. Here, recent progress in the synthesis of intermetallic nanocrystals with controllable sizes and well-defined shapes is highlighted. A simple analysis and some insights key to the selection of experimental conditions for generating intermetallic nanocrystals are presented, followed by examples to highlight the viable use of intermetallic nanocrystals as electrocatalysts or catalysts for various reactions, with a focus on the enhanced performance relative to their alloy counterparts that lack elemental ordering. Within the conclusion, perspectives on future developments in the context of synthetic control, structure-property relationships, and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingshan S Du
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kyle D Gilroy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
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