1
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Urban D, Marcucci N, Wölfle CH, Torgersen J, Hjelme DR, Descrovi E. Polarization-driven reversible actuation in a photo-responsive polymer composite. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6843. [PMID: 37891157 PMCID: PMC10611746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive polymers and especially amorphous azopolymers with intrinsic anisotropic and polarization-dependent deformation photo-response hold great promises for remotely controlled, tunable devices. However, dynamic control requires reversibility characteristics far beyond what is currently obtainable via plastic deformation of such polymers. Here, we embed azopolymer microparticles in a rubbery elastic matrix at high density. In the resulting composite, cumulative deformations are replaced by reversible shape switching - with two reversible degrees of freedom defined uniquely by the writing beam polarization. We quantify the locally induced strains, including small creeping losses, directly by means of a deformation tracking algorithm acting on microscope images of planar substrates. Further, we introduce free-standing 3D actuators able to smoothly undergo multiple configurational changes, including twisting, roll-in, grabbing-like actuation, and even continuous, pivot-less shape rotation, all dictated by a single wavelength laser beam with controlled polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Urban
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, O.S. Bragstads plass 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Christoph Hubertus Wölfle
- Institute of Materials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Torgersen
- Institute of Materials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dag Roar Hjelme
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, O.S. Bragstads plass 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emiliano Descrovi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
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2
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Ji Y, Yang B, Cai F, Yu H. Regulate Surface Topography of Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer by External Stimuli. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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3
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Hyperbranched Azopolymer with Quadruple Responsibility. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Yang X, Jin H, Tao X, Xu B, Lin S. Photo-switchable smart superhydrophobic surface with controllable superwettability. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00984b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An azobenzene-based smart superhydrophobic surface undergoes reversible transformations among multiple bioinspired superwetting states through photo-manipulation, demonstrating promising potential on a rewritable platform for droplet transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haibao Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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5
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Namdari N, Sojoudi H, Rizvi R. Stimuli responsive optical polymers through omnidirectional and reconfigurable porosity. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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De Martino S, Netti PA. Dynamic azopolymeric interfaces for photoactive cell instruction. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 1:011302. [PMID: 38505629 PMCID: PMC10903377 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The ability to affect a wide range of biophysical properties through the use of light has led to the development of dynamic cell instructive materials. Using photoresponsive materials such as azopolymers, smart systems that use external, minimally damaging, light irradiation can be used to trigger specific surface morpho-physical properties in the presence of living cells. The interaction of light with an azopolymer film induces a mass migration phenomenon, allowing a variety of topographic patterns to be embossed on the polymeric film. Photoisomerization induces conformational changes at the molecular and macroscopic scale, resulting in light-induced variations of substrate morphological, physical, and mechanical properties. In this review, we discuss the photoactuation of azopolymeric interfaces to provide guidelines for the engineering and design of azopolymer films. Laser micropatterning for the modulation of azopolymer surfaces is examined as a way to diversify the capabilities of these polymers in cellular systems. Mass migration effects induced by azopolymer switching provides a foundation for performing a broad range of cellular manipulation techniques. Applications of azopolymers are explored in the context of dynamic culture systems, gaining insight into the complex processes involved in dynamic cell-material interactions. The review highlights azopolymers as a candidate for various applications in cellular control, including cell alignment, migration, gene expression, and others. Recent advances have underlined the importance of these systems in applications regarding three-dimensional cell culture and stem cell morphology. Azopolymers can be used not only to manipulate cells but also to probe for mechanistic studies of cellular crosstalk in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli.
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7
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Liang SF, Nie C, Yan J, Zhang QJ, Wu S. Photoinduced Reversible Solid-to-Liquid Transitions and Directional Photofluidization of Azobenzene-containing Polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Yang B, Yu M, Yu H. Azopolymer-Based Nanoimprint Lithography: Recent Developments in Methodology and Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2166-2176. [PMID: 32959995 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanofabrication on soft polymeric surfaces is an essential process in many fields, for example, chip manufacturing, microfluidics, high efficiency solar cells, and anticounterfeiting. In order to achieve these applications, various nanofabrication methods have been explored. Among them, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has drawn worldwide attention because of its cheap and fast processability. In this minireview, an overview of azopolymer-based NIL is provided. Since their discovery, azopolymers have demonstrated versatile photoresponsive characteristics due to their unique physical and chemical properties that originate from the photoisomerization of azobenzene chromophores. As such, two aspects are reported in this minireview. On the one hand, various azopolymers showing photofluidization and photoswitchable glass transition temperatures have been developed, thus facilitating methodological advancements in NIL. On the other hand, these on-demand NIL methods provide greater opportunities for azopolymer-based applications, such as templating of optics, directional photo-manipulation of nanopatterns, and micro photo-actuators. Also the challenges are discussed that remain in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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9
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Bobrovsky A, Mochalov K, Solovyeva D, Shibaev V, Cigl M, Hamplová VCBR, Bubnov A. Laser-induced formation of "craters" and "hills" in azobenzene-containing polymethacrylate films. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5398-5405. [PMID: 32452491 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00601g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional organic polymer materials with an ability to change their surface topography in response to external contactless stimuli, like light irradiation, have attracted considerable attention. This work is devoted to the study of contactless control of the surface topography and the formation of the surface features in the amorphousized and liquid crystalline films of two azobenzene-containing polymers. The investigated polymers are side-chain polymethacrylates containing azobenzene chromophores with two lateral methyl substituents in ortho-positions and differing in the length of flexible spacer with six and ten methylene units. Two lateral methyl substituents at the azobenzene chromophore ensure high photoresponses of these polymeric samples in the whole visible spectral range. Irradiation of the polymethacrylate films by focused polarized light of green (532 nm) and red (633 nm) lasers induces a specific photodeformation of the film surface. In the case of the green light formation of circular "craters" with anisotropic borders was found, whereas for the red light highly asymmetric "hills" were observed. The possible mechanisms of the surface topography formation and their features are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bobrovsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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10
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De Martino S, Zhang W, Klausen L, Lou HY, Li X, Alfonso FS, Cavalli S, Netti PA, Santoro F, Cui B. Dynamic Manipulation of Cell Membrane Curvature by Light-Driven Reshaping of Azopolymer. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:577-584. [PMID: 31846332 PMCID: PMC7207080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Local curvatures on the cell membrane serve as signaling hubs that promote curvature-dependent protein interactions and modulate a variety of cellular processes including endocytosis, exocytosis, and the actin cytoskeleton. However, precisely controlling the location and the degree of membrane curvature in live cells has not been possible until recently, where studies show that nanofabricated vertical structures on a substrate can imprint their shapes on the cell membrane to induce well-defined curvatures in adherent cells. Nevertheless, the intrinsic static nature of these engineered nanostructures prevents dynamic modulation of membrane curvatures. In this work, we engineer light-responsive polymer structures whose shape can be dynamically modulated by light and thus change the induced-membrane curvatures on-demand. Specifically, we fabricate three-dimensional azobenzene-based polymer structures that change from a vertical pillar to an elongated vertical bar shape upon green light illumination. We observe that U2OS cells cultured on azopolymer nanostructures rapidly respond to the topographical change of the substrate underneath. The dynamically induced high membrane curvatures at bar ends promote local accumulation of actin fibers and actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex. The ability to dynamically manipulate the membrane curvature and analyze protein response in real-time provides a new way to study curvature-dependent processes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene De Martino
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, DICMAPI, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lasse Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hsin-Ya Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Felix S. Alfonso
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Silvia Cavalli
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, DICMAPI, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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11
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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12
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Pagliarulo V, Calabuig A, Grilli S, Ferraro P. Direct quantitative imaging of the writing stage in a photosensitive azopolymer by digital holography. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7809-7813. [PMID: 31517381 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated that the gradual formation of a surface relief grating (SRG) in azopolymer thin films under continuous light exposure could be directly observed in situ and in real-time, allowing full-field characterization with high spatial resolution. We reported here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that digital holography (DH) can be adopted for investigating and monitoring an inscribed holographic surface relief grating (SRG) of azopolymers by two-beam laser interference lithography over a wide area. The writing process could be assessed through quantitative phase imaging (QPI). The reported results show that the proposed method is a truly valuable diagnostic tool that can be useful for investigating the spatial distribution of the writing process, which can eventually contribute to shedding light on the still unclear origin and related mechanism of SRG formation in azopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pagliarulo
- CNR - ISASI Institute of AppliedSciences & Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, NA 80078, Italy.
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13
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Weis P, Hess A, Kircher G, Huang S, Auernhammer GK, Koynov K, Butt H, Wu S. Effects of Spacers on Photoinduced Reversible Solid‐to‐Liquid Transitions of Azobenzene‐Containing Polymers. Chemistry 2019; 25:10946-10953. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Weis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Present Address: Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Gunnar Kircher
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Shilin Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Present Address: School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen University No. 135, Xingang Xi Road Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Günter K. Auernhammer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Present Address: Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei 230026 P.R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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14
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Wu, J, Liu, Z, Yao, Y, Lin, S. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Alternating Amphiphilic Copolymer with Azobenzene Pendants. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc201905019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Guo T, Gao J, Xu M, Ju Y, Li J, Xue H. Hierarchically Porous Organic Materials Derived From Copolymers: Preparation and Electrochemical Applications. POLYM REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2018.1488730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huaiguo Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Yin X, Dong H, Wang S, Liang Y, Zhang W, Gao N, Liu X, Wang X, Li G. Coupling of Photoinduced Mass Immigration with Polymer Networks to Produce Nanostructured Materials Capable of Reversibly Creating Arbitrary Deformations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 10084 China
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17
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Gao F, Yao Y, Wang W, Wang X, Li L, Zhuang Q, Lin S. Light-Driven Transformation of Bio-Inspired Superhydrophobic Structure via Reconfigurable PAzoMA Microarrays: From Lotus Leaf to Rice Leaf. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 621005, China
| | - Qixin Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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18
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Choi J, Kang HS, Jo W, Kim SH, Jung YS, Kim HT. Photo-Reconfigurable Azopolymer Etch Mask: Photofluidization-Driven Reconfiguration and Edge Rectangularization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703250. [PMID: 29369496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Directional photofluidization of azobenzene materials has provided unprecedented opportunities for the structural reconfiguration of circular holes, line gaps, ellipsoidal holes, and nanofunnel-shaped micro/nanoarchitectures. However, all the reconfigured structures have a parabolic or round wall due to the tendency of the photofluidized azobenezene materials to minimize the surface area, which limits their use as a reconfigurable etch-mask for the lithography process. In this work, a simple method is presented that can change the round walls of azopolymer architectures into rectangular walls, which is named rectangularization. By irradiating far-field light on reconfigured azopolymer in a conformal contact with a flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, the round wall transforms to a rectangular one because the azopolymer adheres along the PDMS surface while being photofluidized. As a result, the rectangularization process creates a variety of structural features and sizes ranging from a few micrometers to 150 nm having a rectangular wall. By exploiting the rectangularization process, the concept of a photo-reconfigurable etch mask is achieved, which transfers the mask patterns to a silicon pattern with a high structural fidelity and imparts a considerable flexibility to the lithography process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Suk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wonhee Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Uniaxial alignment of ZnO nanowires via light-induced directional migration of azopolymeric microspheres. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Sun L, Gao F, Shen D, Liu Z, Yao Y, Lin S. Rationally designed hyperbranched azopolymer with temperature, photo and pH responsive behavior. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00472b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel hyperbranched azopolymer, HPAzoAMAM-star-EG3, was synthesized and it could self-assemble into uniform large compound micelles with multi-stimuli responsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Dingfeng Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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21
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Directional Photo-manipulation of Self-assembly Patterned Microstructures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Gao F, Xing Y, Yao Y, Sun L, Sun Y, He X, Lin S. Self-assembly and multi-stimuli responsive behavior of PAA-b-PAzoMA-b-PNIPAM triblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A PAA-b-PAzoMA-b-PNIPAM triblock copolymer containing pH, photo and temperature sensitive groups could self-assemble into spherical micelles or vesicles with multi-stimuli responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yaohui Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Liuying Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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