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Bajpai D, Rajasekar A. Development and Characterization of Gadolinium and Copper Reinforced Bioactive Glass: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55151. [PMID: 38558594 PMCID: PMC10980168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioactive glass, an innovative alloplastic material utilizing a matrix of silica particles combined with calcium and phosphorus, has been widely employed for the regeneration of bony defects due to its bone-forming capabilities and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, it comes with several drawbacks, including a slow degradation rate, low mechanical strength, and susceptibility to fractures. To address these issues, the present research was done to develop and characterize a novel bioactive glass incorporating gadolinium (Gd) and copper (Cu). METHODS The bioactive glass doped with Gd and Cu were synthesized and subjected to characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) analysis. RESULTS The bioactive glass, enriched with Gd and Cu, underwent analysis using ATR-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. ATR-IR revealed characteristic silicate bands, while SEM indicated the presence of particles larger than 4 μm. XRD analysis identified the formation of Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4 (Silicorhenatite), Na2Ca2Si3O9 (Combeite), and wollastonite (calcium inosilicate mineral; CaSiO3). The crystalline nature of these compounds contributed to the favorable mechanical properties of the bioactive glass. CONCLUSION In summary, the creation of the innovative Gd-Cu-incorporated bioactive glass demonstrates favorable mechanical characteristics, suggesting significant promise for augmenting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Bajpai
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Arvina Rajasekar
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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2
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Martinez DC, Dobkowska A, Marek R, Ćwieka H, Jaroszewicz J, Płociński T, Donik Č, Helmholz H, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Willumeit-Römer R, Święszkowski W. In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00) screws for orthopedic applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:132-154. [PMID: 37250863 PMCID: PMC10209338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have become a potential material for orthopedic implants due to their unnecessary implant removal, biocompatibility, and mechanical integrity until fracture healing. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo degradation of an Mg fixation screw composed of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00, in wt.%). With ZX00 human-sized implants, in vitro immersion tests up to 28 days under physiological conditions, along with electrochemical measurements were performed for the first time. In addition, ZX00 screws were implanted in the diaphysis of sheep for 6, 12, and 24 weeks to assess the degradation and biocompatibility of the screws in vivo. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-computed tomography (μCT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and histology, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the corrosion layers formed, as well as the bone-corrosion-layer-implant interfaces, were analyzed. Our findings from in vivo testing demonstrated that ZX00 alloy promotes bone healing and the formation of new bone in direct contact with the corrosion products. In addition, the same elemental composition of corrosion products was observed for in vitro and in vivo experiments; however, their elemental distribution and thicknesses differ depending on the implant location. Our findings suggest that the corrosion resistance was microstructure-dependent. The head zone was the least corrosion-resistant, indicating that the production procedure could impact the corrosion performance of the implant. In spite of this, the formation of new bone and no adverse effects on the surrounding tissues demonstrated that the ZX00 is a suitable Mg-based alloy for temporary bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Martinez
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dobkowska
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romy Marek
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Ćwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Črtomir Donik
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Du S, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Cheng Y, Xu X, Chen D, Xia D. Systematic in vitro and in vivo study on biodegradable binary Zn-0.2 at% Rare Earth alloys (Zn-RE: Sc, Y, La-Nd, Sm-Lu). Bioact Mater 2023; 24:507-523. [PMID: 36685807 PMCID: PMC9841038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical implants and devices for tissue engineering in clinics, mainly made of polymers and stiff metallic materials, require possibly secondary surgery or life-long medicine. Biodegradable metals for biomedical implants and devices exhibit huge potential to improve the prognosis of patients. In this work, we developed a new type of biodegradable binary zinc (Zn) alloys with 16 rare earth elements (REEs) including Sc, Y, La to Nd, and Sm to Lu, respectively. The effects of REEs on the alloy microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Zn were systematically investigated using pure Zn as control. All Zn-RE alloys generally exhibited improved mechanical properties, and biocompatibilities compared to pure Zn, especially the tensile strength and ductility of Zn-RE alloys were dramatically enhanced. Among the Zn-RE alloys, different REEs presented enhancement effects at varied extent. Y, Ho and Lu were the three elements displaying greatest improvements in majority of alloys properties, while Eu, Gd and Dy exhibited least improvement. Furthermore, the Zn-RE alloys were comparable with other Zn alloys and also exhibited superior properties to Mg-RE alloys. The in vivo experiment using Zn-La, Zn-Ce, and Zn-Nd alloys as tibia bone implants in rabbit demonstrated the excellent tissue biocompatibility and much more obvious osseointegration than the pure Zn control group. This work presented the significant potential of the developed Zn-RE binary alloys as novel degradable metal for biomedical implants and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Du
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China,Corresponding author.
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4
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Exploring the Usability of α-MSH-SM-Liposome as an Imaging Agent to Study Biodegradable Bone Implants In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021103. [PMID: 36674616 PMCID: PMC9866773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel biodegradable metal alloys are increasingly used as implant materials. The implantation can be accompanied by an inflammatory response to a foreign object. For studying inflammation in the implantation area, non-invasive imaging methods are needed. In vivo imaging for the implanted area and its surroundings will provide beneficiary information to understand implant-related inflammation and help to monitor it. Therefore, inflammation-sensitive fluorescent liposomes in rats were tested in the presence of an implant to evaluate their usability in studying inflammation. The sphingomyelin-containing liposomes carrying alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-peptide were tested in a rat bone implant model. The liposome interaction with implant material (Mg-10Gd) was analyzed with Mg-based implant material (Mg-10Gd) in vitro. The liposome uptake process was studied in the bone-marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Finally, this liposomal tracer was tested in vivo. It was found that α-MSH coupled sphingomyelin-containing liposomes and the Mg-10Gd implant did not have any disturbing influence on each other. The clearance of liposomes was observed in the presence of an inert and biodegradable implant. The degradable Mg-10Gd was used as an alloy example; however, the presented imaging system offers a new possible use of α-MSH-SM-liposomes as tools for investigating implant responses.
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5
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Singh N, Batra U, Kumar K, Ahuja N, Mahapatro A. Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys: A critical review towards clinical translation. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:717-757. [PMID: 35633903 PMCID: PMC9117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mg and its alloys evince strong candidature for biodegradable bone implants, cardiovascular stents, and wound closing devices. However, their rapid degradation rate causes premature implant failure, constraining clinical applications. Bio-functional surface coatings have emerged as the most competent strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements, besides yielding effective corrosion resistance. This article reviews the progress of biodegradable and advanced surface coatings on Mg alloys investigated in recent years, aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of coating techniques, processing parameters, performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength, and biocompatibility. Recently developed conversion and deposition type surface coatings are thoroughly discussed by reporting their essential therapeutic responses like osteogenesis, angiogenesis, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, and controlled drug release towards in-vitro and in-vivo study models. The challenges associated with metallic, ceramic and polymeric coatings along with merits and demerits of various coatings have been illustrated. The use of multilayered hybrid coating comprising a unique combination of organic and inorganic components has been emphasized with future perspectives to obtain diverse bio-functionalities in a facile single coating system for orthopedic implant applications. The challenges and current status of coatings are reviewed in light of clinical requirements. Multilayered hybrid coatings have been emphasized to obtain diverse bio-functionalities. The future developments and research directions on coatings for biodegradable implants are highlighted.
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6
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Khodaei T, Schmitzer E, Suresh AP, Acharya AP. Immune response differences in degradable and non-degradable alloy implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:153-170. [PMID: 36606252 PMCID: PMC9793227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloy based implants have made a great impact in the clinic and in preclinical research. Immune responses are one of the major causes of failure of these implants in the clinic. Although the immune responses toward non-degradable alloy implants are well documented, there is a poor understanding of the immune responses against degradable alloy implants. Recently, there have been several reports suggesting that degradable implants may develop substantial immune responses. This phenomenon needs to be further studied in detail to make the case for the degradable implants to be utilized in clinics. Herein, we review these new recent reports suggesting the role of innate and potentially adaptive immune cells in inducing immune responses against degradable implants. First, we discussed immune responses to allergen components of non-degradable implants to give a better overview on differences in the immune response between non-degradable and degradable implants. Furthermore, we also provide potential areas of research that can be undertaken that may shed light on the local and global immune responses that are generated in response to degradable implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taravat Khodaei
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Elizabeth Schmitzer
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Biological Design, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA,Corresponding author. Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health System Engineering, Arizona State, University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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7
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Yang H, Jia B, Qu X, Dai K, Zheng Y. Modified Biodegradation Behavior Induced Beneficial Microenvironments for Bone Regeneration by Low Addition of Gadolinium in Zinc. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201184. [PMID: 35950991 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) shows a great potential as a biodegradable material for bone implants after a decade of systematic research and development. However, uncontrollable biodegradation behavior and biphasic dose-response prevent Zn from fulfilling its essential role in facilitating bone regeneration. In this study, the low addition of gadolinium (Gd) modifies the intrinsic microstructure of Zn in terms of grain size distribution, grain boundary misorientation, and texture. Adding Gd refines grain size distribution and creates a stronger basal plane texture in Zn, consequently, changing the current density distribution and reducing the anode dissolution rate during corrosion. As a result, uniform degradation is more predominant in Zn-0.4Gd alloy implant, in comparison to localized degradation in pure Zn implant in bone environments. The modified biodegradation behavior of the Zn-0.4Gd alloy implant induces significantly better new bone formation and osseointegration compared to the pure Zn implant. Therefore, Gd with trace amounts is able to tune the degradation behavior and improve the performance of Zn-based implants in promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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8
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Dutta S, Khan R, Prakash NS, Gupta S, Ghosh D, Nandi SK, Roy M. In Vitro Degradation and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Strontium-Doped Magnesium Phosphate-Reinforced Magnesium Composites. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4236-4248. [PMID: 36153956 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is projected for use as a degradable orthopedic biomaterial. However, its fast degradation in physiological media is considered as a significant challenge for its successful clinical applications. Bioactive reinforcements containing Mg-based composites constitute one of the promising approaches for developing degradable metallic implants because of their adjustable mechanical behaviors, corrosion resistance, and biological response. Strontium is a trace element known for its role in enhancing osteoblast activity. In this study, bioactive SrO-doped magnesium phosphate (MgP)-reinforced Mg composites containing 1, 3, and 5 wt % MgP were developed through the casting route. The influence of the SrO-doped MgP reinforcement on degradation behaviors of the composites along with its cell-material interactions and in vivo biocompatibility was investigated. The wt % and distribution of MgP particles significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composite. HBSS immersion study indicated the least corrosion rate (0.56 ± 0.038 mmpy) for the Mg-3MgP composite. The higher corrosion resistance of Mg-3MgP leads to a controlled release of Sr-containing bioactive reinforcement, which eventually enhanced the cytotoxicity as measured using MG-63 cell-material interactions. The in vivo biocompatibility of the composite was evaluated using the rabbit femur defect model. Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histological analysis supported the fact that Mg-3MgP maintained its structural integrity and enhanced osteogenesis (50.36 ± 2.03%) after 2 months of implantation. The results indicated that the Mg-MgP composite could be used as a degradable internal fracture fixation device material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dutta
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rabiul Khan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - N Surya Prakash
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debaki Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Samit K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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9
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Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:42-63. [PMID: 35087962 PMCID: PMC8777287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to the regeneration rate of the bone fracture. In this review, a bioactive coating is proposed to slow down the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and accelerate the bone fracture healing process. The main aim of the bioactive coatings is to enhance the direct attachment of living tissues and thereby facilitate osteoconduction. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are six bioactive agents that show high potential for developing a bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. In addition to coating, the substrate itself can be made bioactive by alloying magnesium with calcium, zinc, copper, and manganese that were found to promote bone regeneration. Bioactive-coated magnesium implant could accelerate bone fracture healing time to match with magnesium degradation. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are high potential bioactive coating materials. The incorporation of Ca, Zn, Cu, Sr, and Mn in Mg base-metal could further enhance bone formation.
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Wang N, Ma Y, Shi H, Song Y, Guo S, Yang S. Mg-, Zn-, and Fe-Based Alloys With Antibacterial Properties as Orthopedic Implant Materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:888084. [PMID: 35677296 PMCID: PMC9168471 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.888084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is one of the major challenges in orthopedic surgery. The development of implants with inherent antibacterial properties is an effective strategy to resolve this issue. In recent years, biodegradable alloy materials have received considerable attention because of their superior comprehensive performance in the field of orthopedic implants. Studies on biodegradable alloy orthopedic implants with antibacterial properties have gradually increased. This review summarizes the recent advances in biodegradable magnesium- (Mg-), iron- (Fe-), and zinc- (Zn-) based alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic implant materials. The antibacterial mechanisms of these alloy materials are also outlined, thus providing more basis and insights on the design and application of biodegradable alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Guo, ; Shude Yang,
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Guo, ; Shude Yang,
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11
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Huang Y, Zhai X, Ma T, Zhang M, Pan H, Weijia Lu W, Zhao X, Sun T, Li Y, Shen J, Yan C, Du Y. Rare earth-based materials for bone regeneration: Breakthroughs and advantages. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Kaliaraj GS, Siva T, Ramadoss A. Surface functionalized bioceramics coated on metallic implants for biomedical and anticorrosion performance - a review. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9433-9460. [PMID: 34755756 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In modern days, the usage of trauma fixation devices has significantly increased due to sports injury, age-related issues, accidents, and revision surgery purposes. Numerous materials such as stainless steel, titanium, Co-Cr alloy, polymers, and ceramics have been used to replace the missing or defective parts of the human body. After implantation, body fluids (Na+, K+, and Cl-), protein, and blood cells interact with the surface of metallic implants, which favours the release of ions from the metallic surface to surrounding body tissues, leading to a hypersensitive reaction. Body pH, temperature, and interaction of immune cells also cause metal ion leaching and lose host cell interaction and effective mineralization for better durability. Moreover, microbial invasion is another important crisis, which produces extracellular compounds onto the biomaterial surface through which it escapes from the antimicrobial agents. To enhance the performance of materials by improving mechanical, corrosion resistance, antimicrobial, and biocompatibility properties, surface modification is a prerequisite method in which chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD), sol-gel method, and electrochemical deposition are generally involved. The properties of bioceramics such as chemical inertness, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and corrosion protection make them most suitable for the surface functionalization of metallic implants. To the best of our knowledge, very limited literature is available to discuss the interaction of body proteins, pH, and temperature onto bioceramic coatings. Hence, the present review focuses on the corrosion behaviour of different ceramic composite coating materials with different conditions. This review initially briefs the properties and surface chemistry of metal implants and the need for surface modifications by different deposition techniques. Further, mechanical, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial property, and electrochemical behaviour of ceramics and metal nitride coatings are discussed. Finally, future perspectives of coatings are outlined for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India.
| | - T Siva
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals, Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals, Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
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13
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Ryu H, Seo M, Rogers JA. Bioresorbable Metals for Biomedical Applications: From Mechanical Components to Electronic Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002236. [PMID: 33586341 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable metals and metal alloys are of growing interest for myriad uses in temporary biomedical implants. Examples range from structural elements as stents, screws, and scaffolds to electronic components as sensors, electrical stimulators, and programmable fluidics. The associated physical forms span mechanically machined bulk parts to lithographically patterned conductive traces, across a diversity of metals and alloys based on magnesium, zinc, iron, tungsten, and others. The result is a rich set of opportunities in healthcare materials science and engineering. This review article summarizes recent advances in this area, starting with an historical perspective followed by a discussion of materials options, considerations in biocompatibility, and device applications. Highlights are in system level bioresorbable electronic platforms that support functions as diagnostics and therapeutics in the context of specific, temporary clinical needs. A concluding section highlights challenges and emerging research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Ryu
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Min‐Ho Seo
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering College of Information & Biomedical Engineering Pusan National University 49 Busandaehak‐ro Yangsan‐si Gyeongsangnam‐do 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - John A. Rogers
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Jana A, Das M, Balla VK. In vitro and in vivo degradation assessment and preventive measures of biodegradable Mg alloys for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:462-487. [PMID: 34418295 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been widely explored as a potential biodegradable implant material. However, the fast degradation of Mg-based alloys under physiological environment has hindered their widespread use for implant applications till date. The present review focuses on in vitro and in vivo degradation of biodegradable Mg alloys, and preventive measures for biomedical applications. Initially, the corrosion assessment approaches to predict the degradation behavior of Mg alloys are discussed along with the measures to control rapid corrosion. Furthermore, this review attempts to explore the correlation between in vitro and in vivo corrosion behavior of different Mg alloys. It was found that the corrosion depends on experimental conditions, materials and the results of different assessment procedures hardly matches with each other. It has been demonstrated the corrosion rate of magnesium can be tailored by alloying elements, surface treatments and heat treatments. Various researches also studied different biocompatible coatings such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and so on, on Mg alloys to suppress rapid degradation and examine their influence on new bone regeneration as well. This review shows the need for a standard method of corrosion assessment to predict the in vivo corrosion rate based on in vitro data, and thus reducing the in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Jana
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitun Das
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Balla
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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15
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Dong M, Mao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Zhu L, Chen L, Cao L. Novel fabrication of antibiotic containing multifunctional silk fibroin injectable hydrogel dressing to enhance bactericidal action and wound healing efficiency on burn wound: In vitro and in vivo evaluations. Int Wound J 2021; 19:679-691. [PMID: 34414663 PMCID: PMC8874045 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biologically active multifunctional hydrogel wound dressings can assist effectively to wound regeneration and also has influenced multiple functions on wound injury. Herein, we designed a carbon-based composited injectable silk fibroin hydrogel as multifunctional wound dressing to provide effective anti-bacterial, cell compatibility and in vivo wound closure actions. Importantly, the fabricated injectable hydrogel exhibit sustained drug delivery properties, anti-oxidant and self-healing abilities, which confirm that composition of hydrogel is highly beneficial to tissue adhesions and burn wound regeneration ability. Frequently, designed injectable hydrogel can be injected into deep and irregular burn wound sites and would provide rapid self-healing and protection from infection environment with thoroughly filled wound area. Meanwhile, incorporated carbon nanofillers improve injectable hydrogel strength and also offer high fluid uptake to hydrogel when applied on the wound sites. In vitro MTT cytotoxicity assay on human fibroblast cell lines establish outstanding cytocompatibility of the injectable hydrogel and also have capability to support cell growth and proliferations. In vivo burn wound animal model results demonstrate that the hydrogel dressings predominantly influenced enhanced wound contraction and also promoted greater collagen deposition, granulation tissue thickness and vascularization. This investigation's outcome could open a new pathway to fabricate multifunctional biopolymeric hydrogel for quicker burn wound therapy and effectively prevents microenvironment bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Dong
- Emergency Center, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Emergency Center, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Emergency Center, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Linlu Chen
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Liexiang Cao
- Emergency Center, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
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16
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Wang Y, Liang W, Liu X, Li Q, Xie Y, Jiang Y. Osteogenesis and degradation behavior of magnesium alloy plate in vivo. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211034078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The magnesium alloy was fabricated into orthopedic plates, and used to repair tibial fractures of New Zealand white rabbits. The osteogenesis and degradation behavior of magnesium alloy plates were investigated in vivo. Methods: 38 rabbits were randomly divided into an experimental group using the magnesium alloy plate and control group using a titanium alloy plate. Tibial fractures in the experimental group and control group were fixed with magnesium alloy plates and titanium alloy plates, respectively. An X-ray of the fracture site was taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery. The formation of callus and expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) in each group were examined at 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. The degradation behavior of the magnesium alloy plate was observed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system. Results: The results of X-ray showed that the fracture healed gradually and there was significant callus around the plate in the magnesium alloy plate group than that in the titanium alloy plate groups. The formation of callus and the expression of BMP-2 in the magnesium alloy plate group were more significant than that in the titanium plate group. The degradation behavior of the magnesium alloy plates deepened in vivo with the implantation time. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the magnesium alloy plate implanted into the rabbit tibia could promote the formation of callus and result in osteogenesis in vivo. Meanwhile, the magnesium alloy plate was absorbed gradually in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Laboratory, College of Clinical Medicine of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yadong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Becerra LHC, Rodríguez MALH, Arroyo RL, Solís HE, Castro AT. Effect of sterilization on 3-point dynamic response to in vitro bending of an Mg implant. Biomater Res 2021; 25:9. [PMID: 33823939 PMCID: PMC8025350 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to characterize a biomedical magnesium alloy and highlighting the loss of mechanical integrity due to the sterilization method. Ideally, when using these alloys is to delay the onset of degradation so that the implant can support body loads and avoid toxicological effects due to the release of metal ions into the body. Methods Standardized procedures according to ASTM F-1264 and ISO-10993-5 were used, respecting detailed methodological controls to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of the results, this testing methodology is carried out in accordance with the monographs of the Pharmacopoeia for the approval of medical devices and obtaining a health registration. An intramedullary implant (IIM) manufactured in magnesium (Mg) WE43 can support loads of the body in the initial period of bone consolidation without compromising the integrity of the fractured area. A system with these characteristics would improve morbidity and health costs by avoiding secondary surgical interventions. Results As a property, the fatigue resistance of Mg in aggressive environments such as the body environment undergoes progressive degradation, however, the autoclave sterilization method drastically affects fatigue resistance, as demonstrated in tests carried out under in vitro conditions. Coupled with this phenomenon, the relatively poor biocompatibility of Mg WE43 alloys has limited applications where they can be used due to low acceptance rates from agencies such as the FDA. However, Mg alloy with elements such as yttrium and rare earth elements (REEs) have been shown to delay biodegradation depending on the method of sterilization and the physiological solution used. With different sterilization techniques, it may be possible to keep toxicological effects to a minimum while still ensuring a balance between the integrity of fractured bone and implant degradation time. Therefore, the evaluation of fatigue resistance of WE43 specimens sterilized and tested in immersion conditions (enriched Hank’s solution) and according to ASTM F-1264, along with the morphological, crystallinity, and biocompatibility characterization of the WE43 alloy allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical and biological properties of WE43. Conclusions These results will support decision-making to generate a change in the current perspective of biomaterials utilized in medical devices (MDs), to be considered by manufacturers and health regulatory agencies. An implant manufactured in WE43 alloy can be used as an intramedullary implant, considering keeping elements such as yttrium-REEs below as specified in its designation and with the help of a coating that allows increasing the life of the implant in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Humberto Campos Becerra
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Pedro de Alba S/N, ciudad universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | | | - Raúl Lesso Arroyo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica., Biomecánica, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya (ITC), Av. Tecnológico Esq. A. García Cubas S/N Col. Bonfil, Celaya, 38010, Guanajuato, CP, Mexico
| | - Hugo Esquivel Solís
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No.800, Colinas de la normal C.P, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Torres Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Pedro de Alba S/N, ciudad universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
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18
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Kabir H, Munir K, Wen C, Li Y. Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:836-879. [PMID: 33024903 PMCID: PMC7530311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade in vivo by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete in vivo degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Kabir
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Khurram Munir
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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19
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng X, Zheng Y, Lyu M, Di P, Lin Y. MiR-181d-5p regulates implant surface roughness-induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111801. [PMID: 33579448 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Constructing moderate surface roughness is a widely used, non-toxic, cost-effective, and outcome-predictable approach to accelerate implant osteointegration in clinical settings. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital regulatory roles in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). However, their specific contribution to the influence of surface roughness on osteoblastic behavior remains unknown. Therefore, applying the smooth titanium surface as a control, a typical titanium surface with moderate roughness was prepared here to reveal the mechanism through which surface roughness regulates cell osteogenic behavior by altering miRNA expression. First, the morphology and roughness of two surfaces were characterized, and the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on rough surfaces was verified. Then, twenty-nine differentially expressed miRNAs in BMSCs cultured on different surfaces were selected via miRNA chip and corresponding functional prediction. After verifying the expression of these miRNAs using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, four were considered eligible candidates. Among these, only miR-181d-5p significantly affected RUNX2 gene expression based on overexpression and knockdown experiments. From the osteogenesis-related gene and protein expression, as well as alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red experiments, we further confirmed that the downregulation of miR-181d-5p promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and vice versa. In addition, rescue assays showed that the knockdown of miR-181d-5p improved the inferior osteogenesis observed on smooth surfaces, whereas the overexpression of miR-181d-5p suppressed the superior osteogenesis observed on rough surfaces. These results indicate that the moderate surface roughness of the implant stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by remarkably downregulating miR-181d-5p. These findings provide helpful information and a theoretical basis for the development of advanced implant materials for fast osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Mingyue Lyu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ping Di
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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20
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He J, Fang J, Wei P, Li Y, Guo H, Mei Q, Ren F. Cancellous bone-like porous Fe@Zn scaffolds with core-shell-structured skeletons for biodegradable bone implants. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:665-681. [PMID: 33242640 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) porous zinc (Zn) with a moderate degradation rate is a promising candidate for biodegradable bone scaffolds. However, fabrication of such scaffolds with adequate mechanical properties remains a challenge. Moreover, the composition, crystallography and microstructure of the in vivo degradation products formed at or near the implant-bone interface are still not precisely known. Here, we have fabricated porous Fe@Zn scaffolds with skeletons consisting of an inner core layer of Fe and an outer shell layer of Zn using template-assisted electrodeposition technique, and systematically evaluated their porous structure, mechanical properties, degradation mechanism, antibacterial ability and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. In situ site-specific focused ion beam micromilling and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify the in vivo degradation products at the nanometer scale. The 3D porous Fe@Zn scaffolds show similar structure and comparable mechanical properties to human cancellous bone. The degradation rates can be adjusted by varying the layer thickness of Zn and Fe. The antibacterial rates reach over 95% against S. aureus and almost 100% against E. coli. A threshold of released Zn ion concentration (~ 0.3 mM) was found to determine the in vitro biocompatibility. Intense new bone formation and ingrowth were observed despite with a slight inflammatory response. The in vivo degradation products were identified to be equiaxed nanocrystalline zinc oxide with dispersed zinc carbonate. This study not only demonstrates the feasibility of porous Fe@Zn for biodegradable bone implants, but also provides significant insight into the degradation mechanism of porous Zn in physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ju Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Pengbo Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yulei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Centre of experimental animal, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qingsong Mei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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21
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In vivo degradation and endothelialization of an iron bioresorbable scaffold. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1028-1039. [PMID: 33102944 PMCID: PMC7566209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of in vivo biodegradation is critical for development of next-generation medical devices such as bioresorbable stents or scaffolds (BRSs). In particular, it is urgent to establish a nondestructive approach to examine in vivo degradation of a new-generation coronary stent for interventional treatment based on mammal experiments; otherwise it is not available to semi-quantitatively monitor biodegradation in any clinical trial. Herein, we put forward a semi-quantitative approach to measure degradation of a sirolimus-eluting iron bioresorbable scaffold (IBS) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images; this approach was confirmed to be consistent with the present weight-loss measurements, which is, however, a destructive approach. The IBS was fabricated by a metal-polymer composite technique with a polylactide coating on an iron stent. The efficacy as a coronary stent of this new bioresorbable scaffold was compared with that of a permanent metal stent with the name of trade mark Xience, which has been widely used in clinic. The endothelial coverage on IBS was found to be greater than on Xience after implantation in a rabbit model; and our well-designed ultrathin stent exhibited less individual variation. We further examined degradation of the IBSs in both minipig coronary artery and rabbit abdominal aorta models. The present result indicated much faster iron degradation of IBS in the rabbit model than in the porcine model. The semi-quantitative approach to detect biodegradation of IBS and the finding of the species difference might be stimulating for fundamental investigation of biodegradable implants and clinical translation of the next-generation coronary stents. A semi-quantitative OCT method was suggested to evaluate in vivo biodegradation of an iron based coronary stent IBS in a nondestructive manner. The in vivo biodegradation of IBS exhibited dependence on animal species. The endothelial coverage on the biodegradable stent IBS was better than on the commercialized nonbiodegradable stent Xience in rabbits.
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22
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23
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Zhuang Y, Liu Q, Jia G, Li H, Yuan G, Yu H. A Biomimetic Zinc Alloy Scaffold Coated with Brushite for Enhanced Cranial Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:893-903. [PMID: 33715369 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is considered as a promising pathway for bone regeneration and defect reconstruction, in which scaffolds play an important role. Zn alloy, which is a biodegradable metal material that has advantages of metallic and biodegradable characteristics, has its special features, especially the ideal degradation rate and acceptable biocompatibility, which make it worthy to be further investigated for medical applications. In this study, new biodegradable porous Zn alloy scaffolds with Ca-P coating were attempted to repair cranial bone defect, and in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to evaluate its biocompatibility, osteo-inductivity, and osteo-conductivity. The results indicated that coated Zn alloy possessed good biocompatibility, with no cytotoxicity. It could also promote osteogenic differentiation and calcium deposition of rabbit BMSCs in vitro, and new bone formation around the scaffold in vivo. The biodegradable porous Zn alloy scaffold with Ca-P coating is considered to be promising in cranial bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qingcheng Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Gaozhi Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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Shuai C, Yang W, Yang Y, Gao C, He C, Pan H. A continuous net-like eutectic structure enhances the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. Int J Bioprint 2020; 5:207. [PMID: 32596538 PMCID: PMC7294692 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v5i2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mg alloys degrade rather rapidly in a physiological environment, although they have good biocompatibility and favorable mechanical properties. In this study, Ti was introduced into AZ61 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, aiming to improve the corrosion resistance. Results indicated that Ti promoted the formation of Al-enriched eutectic α phase and reduced the formation of β-Mg17Al12 phase. With Ti content reaching to 0.5 wt.%, the Al-enriched eutectic α phase constructed a continuous net-like structure along the grain boundaries, which could act as a barrier to prevent the Mg matrix from corrosion progression. On the other hand, the Al-enriched eutectic α phase was less cathodic than β-Mg17Al12 phase in AZ61, thus alleviating the corrosion progress due to the decreased potential difference. As a consequence, the degradation rate dramatically decreased from 0.74 to 0.24 mg·cm-2·d-1. Meanwhile, the compressive strength and microhardness were increased by 59.4% and 15.6%, respectively. Moreover, the Ti-contained AZ61 alloy exhibited improved cytocompatibility. It was suggested that Ti-contained AZ61 alloy was a promising material for bone implants application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwen Yang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxian He
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Section, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China
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25
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Perumal G, Ramasamy B, Nandkumar A M, Dhanasekaran S, Ramasamy S, Doble M. Bilayer nanostructure coated AZ31 magnesium alloy implants: in vivo reconstruction of critical-sized rabbit femoral segmental bone defect. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102232. [PMID: 32562860 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Healing or reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects is still challenging in orthopaedic practice. In this study, we developed a new approach to control the degradation and improve the bone regeneration of the AZ31 magnesium substrate, fabricated as mesh cage implants. Subsequently, bilayer nanocomposite coating was carried out using polycaprolactone (PCL) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) by dip-coating and electrospinning. Lastly, the healing capacity of the implants was studied in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit critical-sized femur bone defects. X-ray analysis showed the coated implant group bridged and healed the critical defects 100% during four weeks of post-implantation. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) study showed higher total bone volume (21.10%), trabecular thickness (0.73), and total porosity (85.71%) with bilayer coated implants than uncoated. Our results showed that nanocomposite coated implants controlled the in vivo degradation and improved bioactivity. Hence, the coated implants can be used as a promising bioresorbable implant for critical segmental bone defect repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraj Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics/Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Australia
| | - Maya Nandkumar A
- Division of Microbial Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekaran
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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Kania A, Nolbrzak P, Radoń A, Niemiec-Cyganek A, Babilas R. Effect of the Thickness of TiO 2 Films on the Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-based Alloys. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051065. [PMID: 32121052 PMCID: PMC7084950 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the influence of the thickness of TiO2 films deposited onto MgCa2Zn1 and MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloys on their structure, corrosion behavior, and cytotoxicity. TiO2 layers (about 200 and 400 nm thick) were applied using magnetron sputtering, which provides strong substrate adhesion. Such titanium dioxide films have many attractive properties, such as high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. These oxide coatings stimulate osteoblast adhesion and proliferation compared to alloys without the protective films. Microscopic observations show that the TiO2 surface morphology is homogeneous, the grains have a spherical shape (with dimensions from 18 to 160 nm). Based on XRD analysis, it can be stated that all the studied TiO2 layers have an anatase structure. The results of electrochemical and immersion studies, performed in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C, show that the corrosion resistance of the studied TiO2 does not always increase proportionally with the thickness of the films. This is a result of grain refinement and differences in the density of the titanium dioxide films applied using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. The results of 24 h immersion tests indicate that the lowest volume of evolved H2 (5.92 mL/cm2) was with the 400 nm thick film deposited onto the MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloy. This result is in agreement with the good biocompatibility of this TiO2 film, confirmed by cytotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kania
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-1936
| | | | - Adrian Radoń
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowinskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Niemiec-Cyganek
- Professor Zbigniew Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Rafał Babilas
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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27
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Qiao S, Wang Y, Zan R, Wu H, Sun Y, Peng H, Zhang R, Song Y, Ni J, Zhang S, Zhang X. Biodegradable Mg Implants Suppress the Growth of Ovarian Tumor. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1755-1763. [PMID: 33455395 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The common treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer is aggressive surgery followed by platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, residual tumor cells are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs during postoperative recurrence. The treatment of ovarian cancer requires breakthroughs and advances. In recent years, magnesium alloy has been widely developed as a new biodegradable material because of its great potential in the field of medical devices. From the degradation products of magnesium, biodegradable magnesium implants have great potential in antitumor. According to the disease characteristics of ovarian cancer, we choose it to study the antitumor characteristics of biodegradable magnesium. We tested the anti-ovarian tumor properties of Mg through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. According to the optical in vivo imaging and relative tumor volume statistics of mice, high-purity Mg wires significantly inhibited the growth of SKOV3 cells in vivo. We find that the degradation products of Mg, Mg2+, and H2 significantly inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cells and promote their apoptosis. Our study suggests a good promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Rui Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Song
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou 215513, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Bian D, Zheng Y, Chu X, Lin Y, Wang M, Lin Z, Li M, Zhang Y, Guan S. Comparative in vitro study on binary Mg-RE (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) alloy systems. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:508-528. [PMID: 31722254 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Correct selection of alloying elements is important for developing novel biodegradable magnesium alloys with superior mechanical and biological performances. In contrast to various reports on nutrient elements (Ca, Zn, Sr, etc.) as alloying elements of biomedical magnesium alloys, there is limited information about how to choose the right rare earth elements (REEs) as alloying elements of magnesium. In this work, 16 kinds of REEs were individually added into Mg, including Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Du, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, to fabricate binary Mg-RE model alloys with different composition points. Under the same working history, comparative studies were undertaken and the impact of each kind of rare earth element on the microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of Mg were investigated. The corresponding influence level for the 16 kinds of REEs were ranked. The results showed that the second phases were detected in some Mg-RE alloys, which were mainly composed of Mg12RE. By adding different REEs into Mg with proper contents, the mechanical properties of resulting Mg-RE binary alloys could be adjusted in wide range. The corrosion resistance of Mg-light REE alloys was generally better than Mg-heavy REE alloys. As for biocompatibility, Mg-RE model alloys showed no cytotoxic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells. The hemolysis rates of all experimental Mg-RE model alloys were lower than 5% except for Mg-Lu alloy model. In general, the addition of different REEs into Mg could improve its performance from different aspects. This work provides a better understanding on suitable REEs as alloying elements for magnesium, and the future R&D direction on biomedical Mg-RE alloys was proposed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In contrast to various reports on nutrient elements (Ca, Zn, Sr, etc.) as alloying elements of biomedical magnesium alloys, until now there is limited information about how to choose the right rare earth elements (REEs) as alloying elements of magnesium. In this work, comparative studies were undertaken by individually adding 16 kinds of REEs, including Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Du, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, into Mg to fabricate binary Mg-RE model alloys, with different composition points, then the impact of each kind of rare earth element on the microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of Mg under the same working history were investigated, and the corresponding influence level for the 16 kinds of REEs were ranked. This work provides a better understanding on suitable REEs as alloying elements for magnesium, and the future R&D direction on biomedical Mg-RE alloys was proposed.
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29
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Liu J, Lin Y, Bian D, Wang M, Lin Z, Chu X, Li W, Liu Y, Shen Z, Liu Y, Tong Y, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Y. In vitro and in vivo studies of Mg-30Sc alloys with different phase structure for potential usage within bone. Acta Biomater 2019; 98:50-66. [PMID: 30853611 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Proper alloying magnesium with element scandium (Sc) could transform its microstructure from α phase with hexagonal closed-packed (hcp) structure into β phase with body-cubic centered (bcc) structure. In the present work, the Mg-30 wt% Sc alloy with single α phase, dual phases (α + β) or β phase microstructure were developed by altering the heat-treatment routines and their suitability for usage within bone was comprehensively investigated. The β phased Mg-30 wt% Sc alloy showed the best mechanical performance with ultimate compressive strength of 603 ± 39 MPa and compressive strain of 31 ± 3%. In vitro degradation test showed that element scandium could effectively incorporate into the surface corrosion product layer, form a double-layered structure, and further protect the alloy matrix. No cytotoxic effect was observed for both single α phased and β phased Mg-30 wt% Sc alloys on MC3T3 cell line. Moreover, the β phased Mg-30 wt%Sc alloy displayed acceptable corrosion resistance in vivo (0.06 mm y-1) and maintained mechanical integrity up to 24 weeks. The degradation process did not significantly influence the hematology indexes of inflammation, hepatic or renal functions. The bone-implant contact ratio of 75 ± 10% after 24 weeks implied satisfactory integration between β phased Mg-30 wt%Sc alloy and the surrounding bone. These findings indicate a potential usage of the bcc-structured Mg-Sc alloy within bone and might provide a new strategy for future biomedical magnesium alloy design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Scandium is the only rare earth element that can transform the matrix of magnesium alloy into bcc structure, and Mg-30 wt%Sc alloy had been recently reported to exhibit shape memory effect. The aim of the present work is to study the feasibility of Mg-30 wt%Sc alloy with different constitutional phases (single α phase, single β phase or dual phases (α + β)) as biodegradable orthopedic implant by in vitro and in vivo testings. Our findings showed that β phased Mg-30 wt%Sc alloy which is of bcc structure exhibited improved strength and superior in vivo degradation performance (0.06 mm y-1). No cytotoxicity and systematic toxicity were shown for β phased Mg-30 wt%Sc alloy on MC3T3 cell model and rat organisms. Moreover, good osseointegration, limited hydrogen gas release and maintained mechanical integrity were observed after 24 weeks' implantation into the rat femur bone.
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30
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A functionalized TiO2/Mg2TiO4 nano-layer on biodegradable magnesium implant enables superior bone-implant integration and bacterial disinfection. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Liu D, Xu G, Jamali SS, Zhao Y, Chen M, Jurak T. Fabrication of biodegradable HA/Mg-Zn-Ca composites and the impact of heterogeneous microstructure on mechanical properties, in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 129:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Cánovas R, Padrell Sánchez S, Parrilla M, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Cytotoxicity Study of Ionophore-Based Membranes: Toward On-Body and in Vivo Ion Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2524-2535. [PMID: 31448593 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the most complete study to date comprising in vitro cytotoxicity tests of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) in terms of cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion assays with human dermal fibroblasts. ISMs were prepared with different types of plasticizers and ionophores to be tested in combination with assays that focus on the medium-term and long-term leaching of compounds. Furthermore, the ISMs were prepared in different configurations considering (i) inner-filling solution-type electrodes, (ii) all-solid-state electrodes based on a conventional drop-cast of the membrane, (iii) peeling after the preparation of a wearable sensor, and (iv) detachment from a microneedle-based sensor, thus covering a wide range of membrane shapes. One of the aims of this study, other than the demonstration of the biocompatibility of various ISMs and materials tested herein, is to create an awareness in the scientific community surrounding the need to perform biocompatibility assays during the very first steps of any sensor development with an intended biomedical application. This will foster meeting the requirements for subsequent on-body application of the sensor and avoiding further problems during massive validations toward the final in vivo use and commercialization of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cánovas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Padrell Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Parrilla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Deng J, Ye J, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Wu T, Zhang C, Dong L, Ouyang H, Cheng X, Wang X. ZnO and Hydroxyapatite-Modified Magnesium Implant with a Broad Spectrum of Antibacterial Properties and a Unique Minimally Invasive Defined Degrading Capability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4285-4292. [PMID: 33417784 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ZnO and hydroxyapatite-based membranes have been proposed to improve the antibacterial properties and anticorrosion capabilities of the magnesium implant, simultaneously. More importantly, the concept of minimally invasive surgery has been introduced to define the degradation timing of the as-modified magnesium implant. With the aid of a Kirschner wire, the as-prepared membrane could immediately change from the "protective layer" to the "degradation accelerator" of the implant material. The subsequent studies have implied that this membrane could be a promising avenue to create a biocompatible and lightweight implant material with a valuable personal customized degradable timing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yonglei Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yanglong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Huan Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Hong Gu Tan New District, 1299 XueFu Road, Nanchang 330088, China
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34
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Wang P, Liu J, Shen S, Li Q, Luo X, Xiong P, Gao S, Yan J, Cheng Y, Xi T. In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Two-Step Alkali-Fluoride-Treated Mg-Zn-Y-Nd Alloy for Vascular Stent Application: Enhancement in Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3279-3292. [PMID: 33405571 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioabsorbable magnesium alloys are becoming prominent materials for cardiovascular stents, as their desirable mechanical properties and favorable biosafety. However, the rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys under physiological conditions hinders their wider application as medical implant materials. Fluoride chemical conversion treatment is an effective and simple technique to improve the corrosion resistance for magnesium alloys. Despite previous literature reporting on fluoride chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in different conditions, some defects are still present on the surface of the coating. In this study, we report on a two-step alkali-fluoride treatment of magnesium alloy by effectively removing the second phase in the substrate surface and form a dense and flawless magnesium fluoride (MgF2) coating to endow the magnesium alloy greater corrosion resistance. The results showed that the serious pitting corrosion caused by galvanic corrosion could be effectively prevented after removing of the second phase of the surface. In vivo tests in a rat subcutaneous implantation model showed that two-step alkali-fluoride-treated MgZnYNd alloy (MgZnYNd-A-F) uniformly corroded with a low corrosion rate. No subcutaneous gas cavities or significant inflammatory cell infiltration were observed for MgZnYNd-A-F in in vivo tests. The two-step alkali-fluoride treatment can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloy, which has great potential in the application of vascular stents because of its simplicity and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Xujiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pan Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianglong Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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35
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Wang Y, Li X, Chen M, Zhao Y, You C, Li Y, Chen G. In Vitro and in Vivo Degradation Behavior and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Microarc Oxidation-Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite-Coated Mg-Zn-Zr-Sr Alloy for Bone Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2858-2876. [PMID: 33405590 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys are biodegradable materials with great potential for biomedical development; however, their high rate of degradation in biological environments limits the widespread application of these materials. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy, a functional calcium phosphate coating was prepared on Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-0.5Sr alloy by microarc oxidation (MAO) combined with chemical deposition of fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA). A dense calcium-phosphorus coating 6 μm thick composed of needle-shaped fluoridated hydroxyapatite formed on the surface of the MAO layer. The MAO-FHA coating exhibited good mineralization ability to induce hydroxyapatite deposition on its surface during degradation testing in simulated bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.,Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Tianjin 300384, China.,Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Device (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.,Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Tianjin 300384, China.,Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Device (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chen You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.,Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Device (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yankun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Guorui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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36
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Zhu DY, Lu B, Yin JH, Ke QF, Xu H, Zhang CQ, Guo YP, Gao YS. Gadolinium-doped bioglass scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSC via the Akt/GSK3β pathway and facilitate bone repair in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1085-1100. [PMID: 30804672 PMCID: PMC6375113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomaterial-induced osteogenesis is mainly related to hierarchically porous structures and bioactive components. Rare earth elements are well known to promote osteogenesis and stimulate bone repair; however, the underlying biological effects of gadolinium (Gd) element on bone regeneration are not yet known. METHODS In this study, we successfully fabricated gadolinium-doped bioglass (Gd-BG) scaffolds by combining hollow mesoporous Gd-BG microspheres with chitosan and evaluated in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms with Cell Counting Kit-8, scanning electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red staining, and polymerase chain reaction. Cranial defect model of rats was constructed to evaluate their in vivo effects. RESULTS The results indicated that Gd-BG scaffolds could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Mechanistically, the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by the Gd-BG scaffolds. The enhancing effect of Gd-BG scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was inhibited by the addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt. Moreover, the in vivo cranial defect model of rats indicated that the Gd-BG scaffolds could effectively promote bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that Gd-BG scaffolds have promising applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Bin Lu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Qin-Fei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - He Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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37
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Zhang G, Wang S, Xu S, Guan F, Bai Z, Mao H. The Effect of Formalin Preservation Time and Temperature on the Material Properties of Bovine Femoral Cortical Bone Tissue. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:937-952. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Parrilla M, Cuartero M, Padrell Sánchez S, Rajabi M, Roxhed N, Niklaus F, Crespo GA. Wearable All-Solid-State Potentiometric Microneedle Patch for Intradermal Potassium Detection. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1578-1586. [PMID: 30543102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical all-solid-state platform for intradermal potentiometric detection of potassium in interstitial fluid is presented here. Solid microneedles are modified with different coatings and polymeric membranes to prepare both the potassium-selective electrode and reference electrode needed for the potentiometric readout. These microneedle-based electrodes are fixed in an epidermal patch suitable for insertion into the skin. The analytical performances observed for the potentiometric cell (Nernstian slope, limit of detection of 10-4.9 potassium activity, linear range of 10-4.2 to 10-1.1, drift of 0.35 ± 0.28 mV h-1), together with a fast response time, adequate selectivity, and excellent reproducibility and repeatability, are appropriate for potassium analysis in interstitial fluid within both clinical and harmful levels. The potentiometric response is maintained after several insertions into animal skin, confirming the resiliency of the microneedle-based sensor. Ex vivo tests based on the intradermal detection of potassium in chicken and porcine skin demonstrate that the microneedle patch is suitable for monitoring potassium changes inside the skin. In addition, the dimensions of the microneedles modified with the corresponding layers necessary to enhance robustness and provide sensing capabilities (1000 μm length, 45° tip angle, 15 μm thickness in the tip, and 435 μm in the base) agree with the required ranges for a painless insertion into the skin. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments showed that the patch can be used for at least 24 h without any side effect for the skin cells. Overall, the developed concept constitutes important progress in the intradermal analysis of ions related to an electrolyte imbalance in humans, which is relevant for the control of certain types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sara Padrell Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology , Karolinska Institutet , K 57 , SE-141 86 Stockholm , Sweden.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset , 14186 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mina Rajabi
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Malvinas väg 10 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Malvinas väg 10 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Malvinas väg 10 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Gastón A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
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Zhai YM, Li W, Chen MF, Li YK, Wang Q, Wang YS. A self-powered triboelectric nanosensor for detecting the corrosion state of magnesium treated by micro-arc oxidation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10159-10167. [PMID: 35520920 PMCID: PMC9062371 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10398d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators prepared by micro-arc-oxidation-treated magnesium were used as a sensor to detect the corrosion state of it in return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Min-Fang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices
| | - Yan-Kun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yan-Song Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
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Riaz U, Shabib I, Haider W. The current trends of Mg alloys in biomedical applications-A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1970-1996. [PMID: 30536973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as an ideal alternative to the permanent implant materials owing to its enhanced properties such as biodegradation, better mechanical strengths than polymeric biodegradable materials and biocompatibility. It has been under investigation as an implant material both in cardiovascular and orthopedic applications. The use of Mg as an implant material reduces the risk of long-term incompatible interaction of implant with tissues and eliminates the second surgical procedure to remove the implant, thus minimizes the complications. The hurdle in the extensive use of Mg implants is its fast degradation rate, which consequently reduces the mechanical strength to support the implant site. Alloy development, surface treatment, and design modification of implants are the routes that can lead to the improved corrosion resistance of Mg implants and extensive research is going on in all three directions. In this review, the recent trends in the alloying and surface treatment of Mg have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the recent progress in the use of computational models to analyze Mg bioimplants has been given special consideration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1970-1996, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Riaz
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859
| | - Ishraq Shabib
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859.,Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859
| | - Waseem Haider
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859.,Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859
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Grün N, Holweg P, Tangl S, Eichler J, Berger L, van den Beucken J, Löffler J, Klestil T, Weinberg A. Comparison of a resorbable magnesium implant in small and large growing-animal models. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:378-386. [PMID: 30059798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fracture treatment in children needs new implant materials to overcome disadvantages associated with removal surgery. Magnesium-based implants constitute a biocompatible and bioresorbable alternative. In adults and especially in children, implant safety needs to be evaluated. In children the bone turnover rate is higher and implant material might influence growth capacity, and the long-term effect of accumulated particles or ions is more critical due to the host's prolonged post-surgery lifespan. In this study we aimed to investigate the degradation behavior of ZX00 (Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca; in wt.%) in a small and a large animal model to find out whether there is a difference between the two models (i) in degradation rate and (ii) in bone formation and in-growth. Our results 6, 12 and 24 weeks after ZX00 implantation showed no negative effects on bone formation and in-growth, and no adverse effects such as fibrotic or sclerotic encapsulation. The degradation rate did not significantly differ between the two growing-animal models, and both showed slow and homogeneous degradation performance. Our conclusion is that small animal models may be sufficient to investigate degradation rates and provide preliminary evidence on bone formation and in-growth of implant materials in a growing-animal model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The safety of implant material is of the utmost importance, especially in children, who have enhanced bone turnover, more growth capacity and longer postoperative lifespans. Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have long been of great interest in pediatric orthopedic and trauma surgery, due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biomechanics. In the study documented in this manuscript we investigated Mg-Zn-Ca implant material without rare-earth elements, and compared its outcome in a small and a large growing-animal model. In both models we observed bone formation and in-growth which featured no adverse effects such as fibrotic or sclerotic encapsulation, and slow homogeneous degradation performance of the Mg-based implant material.
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