1
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Alshehhi JRMH, Wanasingha N, Balu R, Mata J, Shah K, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. 3D-Printable Sustainable Bioplastics from Gluten and Keratin. Gels 2024; 10:136. [PMID: 38391466 PMCID: PMC10887891 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioplastic films comprising both plant- and animal-derived proteins have the potential to integrate the optimal characteristics inherent to the specific domain, which offers enormous potential to develop polymer alternatives to petroleum-based plastic. Herein, we present a facile strategy to develop hybrid films comprised of both wheat gluten and wool keratin proteins for the first time, employing a ruthenium-based photocrosslinking strategy. This approach addresses the demand for sustainable materials, reducing the environmental impact by using proteins from renewable and biodegradable sources. Gluten film was fabricated from an alcohol-water mixture soluble fraction, largely comprised of gliadin proteins. Co-crosslinking hydrolyzed low-molecular-weight keratin with gluten enhanced its hydrophilic properties and enabled the tuning of its physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of the fabricated films was studied using neutron scattering techniques, which revealed the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanodomains, gliadin nanoclusters, and interconnected micropores in the matrix. The films exhibited a largely (>40%) β-sheet secondary structure, with diminishing gliadin aggregate intensity and increasing micropore size (from 1.2 to 2.2 µm) with an increase in keratin content. The hybrid films displayed improved molecular chain mobility, as evidenced by the decrease in the glass-transition temperature from ~179.7 °C to ~173.5 °C. Amongst the fabricated films, the G14K6 hybrid sample showed superior water uptake (6.80% after 30 days) compared to the pristine G20 sample (1.04%). The suitability of the developed system for multilayer 3D printing has also been demonstrated, with the 10-layer 3D-printed film exhibiting >92% accuracy, which has the potential for use in packaging, agricultural, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisal Wanasingha
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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2
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Han C, Shi W, Huang M, Wang Q, Yang J, Chen J, Ding R, Yin X. Solvent Effects on the Catalyst Ink and Layer Microstructure for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4550-4560. [PMID: 38232046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex solvent effects on the microstructures of ink and catalyst layer (CL) is crucial for the development of high-performance anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, we study the solvent effects within the binary solvent ink system composed of water, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), commercial anion exchange ionomer, and Pt/C catalyst. The results show that the Pt/C particles and ionomer tend to form large aggregates wrapped with a thick ionomer layer in IPA-rich ink and promote the formation of large mesopores within the CL. With the increase of the water content in the ink, Pt/C particles are more likely to bridge to each other through wrapped FAA to form a well-connected three-dimensional network. The CL fabricated using water-rich ink shows smaller pores, higher porosity, and a more homogeneous ionomer network without the formation of large aggregates. Based on these results, we propose that the properties of the solvent mixture, including dielectric constant (ε) and solubility parameter (δ), affect the coulomb interaction of charged particles and surface tension at interfaces, which in turn affects the microstructure of ink and CL. By leveraging the solvent effects, we optimize the CL microstructures and improve the performance of AEMFC. These results may guide the rational design and fabrication of AEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Mengxue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ruimin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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3
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Mufundirwa A, Sakurai Y, Arao M, Matsumoto M, Imai H, Iwamoto H. Contrast variation method applied to structural evaluation of catalysts by X-ray small-angle scattering. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2263. [PMID: 38278843 PMCID: PMC10817912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the process of developing carbon-supported metal catalysts, determining the catalyst particle-size distribution is an essential step, because this parameter is directly related to the catalytic activities. The particle-size distribution is most effectively determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). When metal catalysts are supported by high-performance mesoporous carbon materials, however, their mesopores may lead to erroneous particle-size estimation if the sizes of the catalysts and mesopores are comparable. Here we propose a novel approach to particle-size determination by introducing contrast variation-SAXS (CV-SAXS). In CV-SAXS, a multi-component sample is immersed in an inert solvent with a density equal to that of one of the components, thereby rendering that particular component invisible to X-rays. We used a mixture of tetrabromoethane and dimethyl sulfoxide as a contrast-matching solvent for carbon. As a test sample, we prepared a mixture of a small amount of platinum (Pt) catalyst and a bulk of mesoporous carbon, and subjected it to SAXS measurement in the absence and presence of the solvent. In the absence of the solvent, the estimated Pt particle size was affected by the mesopores, but in the presence of the solvent, the Pt particle size was correctly estimated in spite of the low Pt content. The results demonstrate that the CV-SAXS technique is useful for correctly determining the particle-size distribution for low-Pt-content catalysts, for which demands are increasing to reduce the use of expensive Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Mufundirwa
- Research Project Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo-Cho, Sayo-Gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakurai
- Research Project Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo-Cho, Sayo-Gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masazumi Arao
- Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center Technology Research Association, 3147, Shimomukouyama-Cho, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-1507, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsumoto
- Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center Technology Research Association, 3147, Shimomukouyama-Cho, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-1507, Japan
| | - Hideto Imai
- Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center Technology Research Association, 3147, Shimomukouyama-Cho, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-1507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Research Project Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo-Cho, Sayo-Gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
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4
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Klein JM, Welch C, Ponnurangam S, Tarokh A, Karan K, Hawley ME, Sokolova A, Yim SD, Hjelm RP, Kim YS. Colloidal Nafion Particles: Are Cylinders Ubiquitous? ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1648-1653. [PMID: 37987786 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal Nafion morphology plays a critical role in determining the performance of fuel cells and electrolyzers. While small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies previously described Nafion in liquid media as dispersed cylinders, the analysis remains nonunique with multiple possible morphological descriptions of the data. Here, using SANS and all-atomistic molecular dynamics, we confirm that Nafion morphology in liquid media differs substantially depending on dispersing agent and dispersion method. H+ Nafion dispersed in N-methyl pyrrolidone forms swollen cluster particles with physically cross-linked ionic groups. Scattering profiles from dispersed Nafion membrane have a large structure factor feature not observed for redispersed Nafion D-521. H+ Nafion dispersed in water has a highly elongated cylindrical morphology (radius = 10 ± 1.5 Å, height = 358 ± 4.7 Å) with fully dissociated and solvated sulfonic acid groups on the particle wall. These results highlight an important discrepancy between the methods of preparing Nafion dispersions and the use of simplified analysis techniques to describe Nafion morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Klein
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Cynthia Welch
- Engineered Materials Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sathish Ponnurangam
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N In4, Canada
| | - Atefeh Tarokh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N In4, Canada
| | - Kunal Karan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N In4, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Hawley
- MST-8: Materials at Extremes, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Center for Neutron Science, Australian National Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Sung-Dae Yim
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Rex P Hjelm
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Seung Kim
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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5
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Kim YS. Hydrocarbon Ionomeric Binders for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303914. [PMID: 37814366 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionomeric binders in catalyst layers, abbreviated as ionomers, play an essential role in the performance of polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers. Due to environmental issues associated with perfluoroalkyl substances, alternative hydrocarbon ionomers have drawn substantial attention over the past few years. This review surveys literature to discuss ionomer requirements for the electrodes of fuel cells and electrolyzers, highlighting design principles of hydrocarbon ionomers to guide the development of advanced hydrocarbon ionomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seung Kim
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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6
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Yu X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Polo-Garzon F, Liu J, Mamontov E, Li M, Lennon D, Parker SF, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37315192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics/evolution of catalysts and the related surface chemistry is essential for establishing structure-catalysis relationships, where spectroscopic and scattering tools play a crucial role. Among many such tools, neutron scattering, though less-known, has a unique power for investigating catalytic phenomena. Since neutrons interact with the nuclei of matter, the neutron-nucleon interaction provides unique information on light elements (mainly hydrogen), neighboring elements, and isotopes, which are complementary to X-ray and photon-based techniques. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy has been the most utilized neutron scattering approach for heterogeneous catalysis research by providing chemical information on surface/bulk species (mostly H-containing) and reaction chemistry. Neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering can also supply important information on catalyst structures and dynamics of surface species. Other neutron approaches, such as small angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging, have been much less used but still give distinctive catalytic information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in neutron scattering investigations of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on surface adsorbates, reaction mechanisms, and catalyst structural changes revealed by neutron spectroscopy, diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, and other neutron techniques. Perspectives are also provided on the challenges and future opportunities in neutron scattering studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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7
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Construction of catalyst layer network structure for proton exchange membrane fuel cell derived from polymeric dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:184-192. [PMID: 36738543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rational design of the structure of catalyst layer (CL) is required for proton exchange membrane fuel cells to attain outstanding performance and excellent stability. It is crucial to have a profound comprehension of the correlations existing between the properties (catalyst ink), network structures of CL and proton exchange membrane fuel cells' performance for the rational design of the structure of CL. This study deeply investigates the effects of a series of alcohol solvents on the properties and network structure of CL. The results demonstrate that the CL aggregates in higher ε solution show smaller particle sizes, and the sulfonic acid groups (∼SO3H) tend to extend more outward due to the strong dissociation. A more continuous and homogeneous ionomer distribution around Pt/C aggregates is observed in the CL, which improves the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and performance of the electrode. But, the electrode has a poor performance at high current density regions due to the mass transfer resistance. Based on this, a two-step solvent control strategy is proposed to maintain uniform ionomer and aggerates distribution and optimize the mass transfer for CL. The performance of the cell improves from 0.555 V to 0.615 V at 2000 mA·cm-2.
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8
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Xie Y, Guo Y, Yang D, Yang D, Ming P, Zhang C, Li B. Effects of Electrostatic Force and Network Structure on the Stability of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Ink. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19459-19469. [PMID: 37017416 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The stability of the catalyst slurry of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is of great significance to its large-scale production and commercialization. In this study, three kinds of slurries with different stabilities were prepared using different probe ultrasonic powers. The influence of electrostatic force and network structure on slurry stability was also studied. In addition, the catalyst layer (CL) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) were further tested to determine the relationship between slurry stability, CL, and MEA performance. The results showed that the slurry prepared with 600 W dispersion power had the least agglomeration on day 12, which is due to the clusters in the slurry having the smallest average particle size and the largest surface area, thereby allowing them to absorb the most Nafion and have the largest electrostatic force to inhibit agglomeration. However, the slurry with 1200 W dispersion power had the least sedimentation after 9.4 days because the strength of the network structure in the slurry strengthened the most, resulting in a significant increase in viscosity and inhibition of sedimentation. Electrochemical tests showed that the MEA gradually exhibited worse electrical performance and higher impedance due to the agglomeration of catalyst particles caused by the standing process. Altogether, this study provides insights to better understand and regulate the stability of catalyst slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Xie
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yuqing Guo
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Daozeng Yang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Daijun Yang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Pingwen Ming
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Cunman Zhang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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9
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Harada M, Kajiya S, Mitsuoka T, Takata SI, Iwase H, Aoki H. Scattering investigations into the structures of polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cell catalyst layers exhibiting robust performance against varying water fractions of catalyst ink solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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10
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Hydrogen bonding dissipating hydrogels: The influence of network structure design on structure–property relationships. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:638-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Balu R, Wanasingha N, Mata JP, Rekas A, Barrett S, Dumsday G, Thornton AW, Hill AJ, Roy Choudhury N, Dutta NK. Crowder-directed interactions and conformational dynamics in multistimuli-responsive intrinsically disordered protein. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2202. [PMID: 36542701 PMCID: PMC9770960 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of crowding on the dynamic conformational ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) remain unresolved because of their ultrafast motion. Here, we report crowder-induced interactions and conformational dynamics of a prototypical multistimuli-responsive IDP, Rec1-resilin. The effects of a range of crowders of varying sizes, forms, topologies, and concentrations were examined using spectroscopic, spectrofluorimetric, and contrast-matching small- and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering investigation. To achieve sufficient neutron contrast against the crowders, deuterium-labeled Rec1-resilin was biosynthesized successfully. Moreover, the ab initio "shape reconstruction" approach was used to obtain three-dimensional models of the conformational assemblies. The IDP revealed crowder-specific systematic extension and compaction with the level of macromolecular crowding. Last, a robust extension-contraction model has been postulated to capture the fundamental phenomena governing the observed behavior of IDPs. The study provides insights and fresh perspectives for understanding the interactions and structural dynamics of IDPs in crowded states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nisal Wanasingha
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra P. Mata
- Australian Center for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Agata Rekas
- National Deuteration Facility, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Susan Barrett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Geoff Dumsday
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Anita J. Hill
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K. Dutta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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12
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Yoshimune W, Kikkawa N, Yoneyama H, Takahashi N, Minami S, Akimoto Y, Mitsuoka T, Kawaura H, Harada M, Yamada NL, Aoki H. Interfacial Distribution of Nafion Ionomer Thin Films on Nitrogen-Modified Carbon Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53744-53754. [PMID: 36416068 PMCID: PMC10806603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified carbon supports for the cathode catalyst layers of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) show considerable promise for boosting the oxygen reduction reaction. This study evaluated the ionomer distribution of Nafion ionomer thin films on nitrogen (N)-modified carbon surfaces along their depth direction. Neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements performed using the double-contrast technique with H2O and D2O revealed that the introduction of N functional groups to carbon thin films promoted ionomer adsorption onto the surface under wet conditions (22 °C, 85% relative humidity). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations conducted to verify the origin of the robust contact between the ionomer and N-modified carbon surface revealed an ionomer adsorption mechanism on the N-modified carbon surfaces, which involved Coulomb interactions between the positively charged carbon surface and the ionomer side chains with negatively charged sulfonic acid groups. The positive surface charge, which was determined using the contents of the N functional groups estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, was found to be sufficient as an impetus for ionomer adsorption. This strategy involving NR measurements and MD simulations can provide insights into the solid-ionomer interfacial structures in a cathode catalyst layer and can therefore be extensively employed in studies on PEFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yoshimune
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kikkawa
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoneyama
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Saori Minami
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Akimoto
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Mitsuoka
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaura
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, Naka-gun, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, Naka-gun, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
- Materials
and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Ibaraki319-1195, Japan
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13
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Berlinger SA, Chowdhury A, Van Cleve T, He A, Dagan N, Neyerlin KC, McCloskey BD, Radke CJ, Weber AZ. Impact of Platinum Primary Particle Loading on Fuel Cell Performance: Insights from Catalyst/Ionomer Ink Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36731-36740. [PMID: 35916522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of electrochemical energy conversion technologies, including fuel cells, rely on solution-processing techniques (via inks) to form their catalyst layers (CLs). The CLs are heterogeneous structures, often with uneven ion-conducting polymer (ionomer) coverage and underutilized catalysts. Various platinum-supported-on-carbon colloidal catalyst particles are used, but little is known about how or why changing the primary particle loading (PPL, or the weight fraction of platinum of the carbon-platinum catalyst particles) impacts performance. By investigating the CL gas-transport resistance and zeta (ζ)-potentials of the corresponding inks as a function of PPL, a direct correlation between the CL high current density performance and ink ζ-potential is observed. This correlation stems from likely changes in ionomer distributions and catalyst-particle agglomeration as a function of PPL, as revealed by pH, ζ-potential, and impedance measurements. These findings are critical to unraveling the ionomer distribution heterogeneity in ink-based CLs and enabling enhanced Pt utilization and improved device performance for fuel cells and related electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Berlinger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Anamika Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Tim Van Cleve
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
| | - Aaron He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Nicholas Dagan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Kenneth C Neyerlin
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
| | - Bryan D McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Clayton J Radke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
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14
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Influence of Degassing Treatment on the Ink Properties and Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050541. [PMID: 35629867 PMCID: PMC9145345 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Degradation occurs in catalyst inks because of the catalytic oxidation of the solvent. Identification of the generation process of impurities and their effects on the properties of HSC ink and LSC ink is crucial in mitigating them. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that oxidation of NPA and EA was the primary cause of impurities such as acetic acid, aldehyde, propionic acid, propanal, 1,1-dipropoxypropane, and propyl propionate. After the degassing treatment, the degradation of the HSC ink was suppressed, and the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and propyl propionate plummeted from 0.0898 wt.%, 0.00224 wt.%, and 0.00046 wt.% to 0.0025 wt.%, 0.0126 wt.%, and 0.0003 wt.%, respectively. The smaller particle size and higher zeta potential in the degassed HSC ink indicated the higher utilization of Pt, thus leading to optimized mass transfer in the catalyst layer (CL) during working conditions. The electrochemical performance test result shows that the MEA fabricated from the degassed HSC ink had a peak power density of 0.84 W cm−2, which was 0.21 W cm−2 higher than that fabricated from the normal HSC ink. However, the introduction of propionic acid in the LSC ink caused the Marangoni flux to inhibit the coffee ring effect and promote the uniform deposition of the catalyst. The RDE tests indicated that the electrode deposited from the LSC ink with propionic acid possessed a mass activity of 84.4 mA∙mgPt−1, which was higher than the 60.5 mA∙mgPt−1 of the electrode deposited from the normal LSC ink.
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15
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Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a catalyst layer (CL) significantly impacts the performance, durability, and cost of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and is influenced by the catalyst ink and the CL formation process. However, the relationship between the composition, formulation, and preparation of catalyst ink and the CL formation process and the CL structure is still not completely understood. This review, therefore, focuses on the effect of the composition, formulation, and preparation of catalyst ink and the CL formation process on the CL structure. The CL structure depends on the microstructure and macroscopic properties of catalyst ink, which are decided by catalyst, ionomer, or solvent(s) and their ratios, addition order, and dispersion. To form a well-defined CL, the catalyst ink, substrate, coating process, and drying process need to be well understood and optimized and match each other. To understand this relationship, promote the continuous and scalable production of membrane electrode assemblies, and guarantee the consistency of the CLs produced, further efforts need to be devoted to investigating the microstructure of catalyst ink (especially the catalyst ink with high solid content), the reversibility of the aged ink, and the drying process. Furthermore, except for the certain variables studied, the other manufacturing processes and conditions also require attention to avoid inconsistent conclusions.
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16
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Ding R, Yin W, Cheng G, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang X, Han M, Zhang T, Cao Y, Zhao H, Wang S, Li J, Liu J. Effectively Increasing Pt Utilization Efficiency of the Membrane Electrode Assembly in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells through Multiparameter Optimization Guided by Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8010-8024. [PMID: 35107272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although proton exchange membrane fuel cells have received attention, the high costs associated with Pt-based catalysts in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) remain a huge obstacle for large-scale applications. To solve this urgent problem, the utilization efficiency of Pt in MEAs must be increased. Facing numerous interacting parameters in an attempt to keep experimental costs as low as possible, we innovatively introduce machine learning (ML) to achieve this goal. Nine different ML algorithms are trained on the experimental dataset from our laboratory to precisely predict the performance and Pt utilization (maximum R2 = 0.973/0.968). To determine the best synthesis conditions, black-box interpretation methods are applied to provide reliable insights from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The optimized choices of ionomer/catalyst ratio, water content, organic solvent, catalyst loading, stirring method, solid content, and ultrasonic spraying flow rate are properly made with few experimental attempts under ML results' guidance. Promising Pt utilization of 0.147 gPt kW-1 and a power density of 1.02 W cm-2 are achieved at 0.6 V in a single cell (H2/air) at an ultralow total loading of 0.15 mg Pt cm-2. Therefore, this work contributes to the economy of hydrogen energy by paving the way for MEA optimization with complex parameters by ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- Tianneng Battery Group Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 313100, P. R. China
| | - Yinliang Cao
- Zhejiang Tianneng Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 313100, P. R. China
| | - Haimin Zhao
- Tianneng Battery Group Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 313100, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Wang
- Tianneng Battery Group Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 313100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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17
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Tang M, Zhang S, Chen S. Pt utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: structure impacting factors and mechanistic insights. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1529-1546. [PMID: 35138316 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to realize an expected low usage of platinum (Pt) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for the large-scale market penetration of PEMFC-powered vehicles. As well as seeking Pt-based catalysts with a high specific activity, improving Pt utilization through structure optimization of the catalyst layer (CL) has been the main route and apparently a more practical way so far to develop high-performance low-Pt PEMFCs. Despite the significant progress achieved in the past 2-3 decades, a visible gap remains between the current Pt demand of automobile PEMFCs and the target value. To further increase Pt utilization, insights from previous studies are necessary. This review analyzes the structural factors that impact the current-generation efficiency of Pt in PEMFC electrodes in great detail, with emphasis particularly put on the mechanistic and molecule-level insights into the structural effects. The contents include the so-called local transport resistance associated with the permeation and diffusion of oxygen molecules in the ionomer film covering the Pt surface, regulation of ionomer aggregation through molecular interactions between ink components, modulation of ionomer distribution through pore size exclusion and surface electrostatic interaction of the carbon support, optimization of the coupling between the reaction and transport processes through graded composition, and the formation of highways of protons, electrons, and gas molecules through component alignment. We provide a critical analysis of the measurement methods and theoretical models assessing the local transport resistance, which is considered as a crucial issue in the current-generation efficiency of Pt in ultralow-Pt CL. Finally, new opportunities toward the further promotion of Pt utilization are proposed. These subjects and discussions should be of great significance in the rational design and precise fabrication of PEMFC electrodes, and may also inspire similar subjects in other electrochemical energy technologies such as water electrolysis, CO2 reduction, and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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18
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Hasegawa N, Kamiya A, Matsunaga T, Kitano N, Harada M. Analysis of crack formation during fuel cell catalyst ink drying process. Reduction of catalyst layer cracking by addition of high boiling point solvent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ahn CY, Park JE, Kim S, Kim OH, Hwang W, Her M, Kang SY, Park S, Kwon OJ, Park HS, Cho YH, Sung YE. Differences in the Electrochemical Performance of Pt-Based Catalysts Used for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells in Liquid Half- and Full-Cells. Chem Rev 2021; 121:15075-15140. [PMID: 34677946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial amount of research effort has been directed toward the development of Pt-based catalysts with higher performance and durability than conventional polycrystalline Pt nanoparticles to achieve high-power and innovative energy conversion systems. Currently, attention has been paid toward expanding the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of catalysts and increase their intrinsic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, despite innumerable efforts having been carried out to explore this possibility, most of these achievements have focused on the rotating disk electrode (RDE) in half-cells, and relatively few results have been adaptable to membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in full-cells, which is the actual operating condition of fuel cells. Thus, it is uncertain whether these advanced catalysts can be used as a substitute in practical fuel cell applications, and an improvement in the catalytic performance in real-life fuel cells is still necessary. Therefore, from a more practical and industrial point of view, the goal of this review is to compare the ORR catalyst performance and durability in half- and full-cells, providing a differentiated approach to the durability concerns in half- and full-cells, and share new perspectives for strategic designs used to induce additional performance in full-cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy, Jinhae-gu, Changwon 51704, South Korea
| | - Wonchan Hwang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Her
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - SungBin Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Oh Joong Kwon
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Park
- Center for Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hun Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, South Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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20
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Dorishetty P, Balu R, Gelmi A, Mata JP, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. 3D Printable Soy/Silk Hybrid Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3668-3678. [PMID: 34460237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of protein-based 3D printable hydrogel systems with tunable structure and properties is a critical challenge in contemporary biomedicine. Particularly, 3D printing of modular hydrogels comprising different types of protein tertiary structure, such as globular and fibrous, has not yet been achieved. Here we report the extrusion-based 3D printing of hybrid hydrogels photochemically co-cross-linked between globular soy protein isolate (SPI) and fibrous silk fibroin (SF) for the first time. The hierarchical structure and organization of pristine SPI and SF, and 1:3 (SPI/SF) hybrid inks under various shear stress were investigated using in situ rheology combined with small-/ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (Rheo-SANS/USANS). The hybrid ink exhibited an isotropic mass fractal structure that was stable between tested shear rates of 0.1 and 100 s-1 (near printing shear). The kinetics of sol-gel transition during the photo-cross-linking reaction and the micromechanical properties of fabricated hydrogels were investigated using photorheology and atomic force microscopy, where the hybrid hydrogels exhibited tunable storage and Young's moduli in the range of 13-29 and 214-811 kPa, respectively. The cross-link density and printing accuracy of hybrid hydrogels and inks were observed to increase with the increase in SF content. The 3D printed hybrid hydrogels exhibited a micropore size larger than that of solution casted hydrogels; where the 3D printed 1:3 (SPI/SF) hybrid hydrogel showed a pore size about 7.6 times higher than that of the casted hydrogel. Moreover, the fabricated hybrid hydrogels exhibit good mouse fibroblast cell attachment, viability, and proliferation, demonstrating their potential for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Dorishetty
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra P Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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21
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Wang B, Patkar SS, Kiick KL. Application of Thermoresponsive Intrinsically Disordered Protein Polymers in Nanostructured and Microstructured Materials. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100129. [PMID: 34145967 PMCID: PMC8449816 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of inter- and intramolecular interactions between bioinspired designer molecules can be harnessed for developing functional structures that mimic the complex hierarchical organization of multicomponent assemblies observed in nature. Furthermore, such multistimuli-responsive molecules offer orthogonal tunability for generating versatile multifunctional platforms via independent biochemical and biophysical cues. In this review, the remarkable physicochemical and mechanical properties of genetically engineered protein polymers derived from intrinsically disordered proteins, specifically elastin and resilin, are discussed. This review highlights emerging technologies which use them as building blocks in the fabrication of highly programmable structured biomaterials for applications in delivery of biotherapeutic cargo and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Sai S Patkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Laboratory, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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22
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23
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Effect of dispersing solvents for ionomers on the performance and durability of catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Guo Y, Yang D, Li B, Yang D, Ming P, Zhang C. Effect of Dispersion Solvents and Ionomers on the Rheology of Catalyst Inks and Catalyst Layer Structure for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27119-27128. [PMID: 34086430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the dielectric constant (ε) of a dispersion solvent and ionomer content on the rheology of graphitized carbon (GC)-supported Pt catalyst ink and the structure of catalyst layers (CLs). The ionomer dispersions and catalyst inks were tested using rheological techniques, zeta (ξ) potential, and dynamic light scattering measurements. Results showed that increases in the solvent ε or ionomer content increased the ξ-potential of catalyst particles in the ink, which reduced the catalyst agglomerate size. Steady-state and oscillation scans showed that the Pt/GC catalyst ink had shear-thinning properties and gel-like behavior. The ink with a solvent ε of 40 tended to be more Newtonian fluid, with low yield stress (σy). The ionomer content altered the rheology of the ink by changing the internal interaction of inks. Solvents with ε of 70 and 55 enhanced the adsorption of ionomers onto catalysts, thereby increasing the adhesion between ink particles and reducing the risk of CL cracking. As the ionomer content increased, the catalyst absorbed more ionomers in inks, increasing the fracture toughness of CLs, which reduced the crack width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Guo
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Daozeng Yang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Daijun Yang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Pingwen Ming
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Cunman Zhang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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25
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Yoshimune W, Kuwaki A, Kusano T, Matsunaga T, Nakamura H. In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies on the Growth Mechanism of Anisotropic Platinum Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10866-10874. [PMID: 34056240 PMCID: PMC8153930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape-controlled platinum nanoparticles exhibit extremely high oxygen reduction activity. Platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of a platinum complex in the presence of a soft template formed by organic surfactants in oleylamine. The formation of platinum nanoparticles was investigated using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. Time-resolved measurements revealed that different particle shapes appeared during the reaction. After the nuclei were generated, they grew into anisotropic rod-shaped nanoparticles. The shape, size, number density, reaction yield, and specific surface area of the nanoparticles were successfully determined using small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. Anisotropic platinum nanoparticles appeared at a low reaction temperature (∼100 °C) after a short reaction time (∼30 min). The aspect ratio of these platinum nanoparticles was correlated with the local packing motifs of the surfactant molecules and their stability. Our findings suggest that the interfacial structure between the surfactant and platinum nuclei can be important as a controlling factor for tailoring the aspect ratio of platinum nanoparticles and further optimizing the fuel cell performance.
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26
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Balu R, Dutta NK, Dutta AK, Choudhury NR. Resilin-mimetics as a smart biomaterial platform for biomedical applications. Nat Commun 2021; 12:149. [PMID: 33420053 PMCID: PMC7794388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins have dramatically changed the structure-function paradigm of proteins in the 21st century. Resilin is a native elastic insect protein, which features intrinsically disordered structure, unusual multi-stimuli responsiveness and outstanding resilience. Advances in computational techniques, polypeptide synthesis methods and modular protein engineering routines have led to the development of novel resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) including modular RLPs, expanding their applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensors, catalysis and bioelectronics. However, how the responsive behaviour of RLPs is encoded in the amino acid sequence level remains elusive. This review summarises the milestones of RLPs, and discusses the development of modular RLP-based biomaterials, their current applications, challenges and future perspectives. A perspective of future research is that sequence and responsiveness profiling of RLPs can provide a new platform for the design and development of new modular RLP-based biomaterials with programmable structure, properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Ankit K Dutta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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27
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Inoue G, Takenaka S. Design of Interfaces and Phase Interfaces on Cathode Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Inoue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sakae Takenaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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28
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Balu R, Dorishetty P, Mata JP, Hill AJ, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Tuning the Hierarchical Structure and Resilience of Resilin-like Polypeptide Hydrogels Using Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8688-8697. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Balu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Pramod Dorishetty
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra P. Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Anita J. Hill
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Naba K. Dutta
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Guo Y, Pan F, Chen W, Ding Z, Yang D, Li B, Ming P, Zhang C. The Controllable Design of Catalyst Inks to Enhance PEMFC Performance: A Review. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yoshimune W, Harada M. Impact of Nonadsorbed Ionomer on Viscosity of Catalyst Inks for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yoshimune
- Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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Balu R, Knott R, Elvin CM, Hill AJ, R Choudhury N, Dutta NK. A Sustainable Biomineralization Approach for the Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Ultra-Small Pt Nanoclusters. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E128. [PMID: 31671878 PMCID: PMC6956208 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first example of a facile biomineralization process to produce ultra-small-sized highly fluorescent aqueous dispersions of platinum noble metal quantum clusters (Pt-NMQCs) using a multi-stimulus responsive, biomimetic intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), Rec1-resilin. We demonstrate that Rec1-resilin acts concurrently as the host, reducing agent, and stabilizer of the blue-green fluorescent Pt-NMQCs once they are being formed. The photophysical properties, quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime measurements of the synthesized Pt-NMQCs were examined using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The oxidation state of the Pt-NMQCs was quantitatively analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both a small angle X-ray scattering technique and a modeling approach have been attempted to present a detailed understanding of the structure and conformational dynamics of Rec1-resilin as an IDP during the formation of the Pt-NMQCs. It has been demonstrated that the green fluorescent Pt-NMQCs exhibit a high quantum yield of ~7.0% and a lifetime of ~9.5 ns in aqueous media. The change in photoluminescence properties due to the inter-dot interactions between proximal dots and aggregation of the Pt-NMQCs by evaporation was also measured spectroscopically and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environment Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Robert Knott
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Elvin
- CSIRO Agriculture, Level 6, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Anita J Hill
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Namita R Choudhury
- Chemical and Environment Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Chemical and Environment Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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