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Daoulas KC, Markina AA. Effect of Materials Parameters on the Shape of Face-On Lamellae in Semi-Conducting Polymers: Insights From Qualitative Theory. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300437. [PMID: 37811808 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors frequently form crystals or mesophases with lamellae, that comprise alternating layers of stacked backbones and side chains. Controlling lamellar orientation in films is essential for obtaining efficient charge carrier transport. Herein, lamellar orientation is investigated in an application-relevant setup: lamellae assembled on a substrate that strongly favors face-on orientation, but exposed to a film surface that promotes orientation along an "easy" direction, other than face on. It is assumed that the face-on order propagates from the substrate, but the lamellae bend to reduce their surface energy. A qualitative free-energy model is developed. The deformation is investigated as a function of film thickness, effective Young modulus, anchoring coefficient, and easy direction at the free surface. The calculations highlight the importance of elastic constants - lamellae can substantially deform already when Young moduli are only an order of magnitude smaller than the values that are reported for crystals. Softer Young moduli are expected when lamellar assembly occurs in a non-solidified mesophase that can be an equilibrium or (more speculatively) a transient state prior to crystallization. The alternative scenario of a two-layered film is also evaluated, where edge-on and face-on grains form, respectively, at the free surface and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Ch Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anastasia A Markina
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Formation of Ultimate Thin 2D Crystal of Pt in the Presence of Hexamethylenetetramine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810239. [PMID: 36142149 PMCID: PMC9499356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum naturally crystalizes into a three-dimensional crystal due to its highly symmetrical fcc lattice, with a metallic bond which is non-directional and highly isotropic. This inherently means ultimately that 2D crystals of a few atoms thick growth are hardly available in this material. Here, we discovered that a combinative effect of formic acid reductant and hexamethylenetetramine surfactant during the reduction of their metal ions precursor can realize an ultimate thin 2D crystal growth in platinum. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and filed-emission electron microscopy analysis have also discovered that the 2D crystal of Pt has 111 facets with a lateral dimension that can be up to more than 5 μm × 2 μm. The thickness of the 2D crystal of Pt is 1.55 nm. A mechanism for obtaining ultimate thin 2D crystal of Pt using the present approach is proposed.
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Liu J, Yu Y, Liu J, Li T, Li C, Zhang J, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Capillary-Confinement Crystallization for Monolayer Molecular Crystal Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107574. [PMID: 34837661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline semiconductors are highly desired for the fabrication of integrated electronic circuits, yet their uniform growth and efficient patterning is a huge challenge. Here, a general solution procedure named the "soft-template-assisted-assembly method" is developed to prepare centimeter-scale monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) arrays with precise regulation over their size and location via a capillary-confinement crystallization process. It is remarkable that the field-effect mobility of the array is highly uniform, with variation less than 4.4%, which demonstrates the most uniform organic single-crystal arrays ever reported so far. Simulations based on fluid dynamics are carried out to understand the function mechanism of this method. Thanks to the ultrasmooth crystalline orientation surface of MMCs, high-quality p-n heterojunction arrays can be prepared by weak epitaxy growth of n-type material atop the MMC. The p-n heterojunction field-effect transistors show ambipolar characteristics and the corresponding inverters constructed by these heterojunctions exhibit a competitive gain of 155. This work provides a general strategy to realize the preparation and application of logic complementary circuits based on patterned organic single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Postnikov VA, Kulishov AA, Lyasnikova MS, Yurasik GA, Stepko AS, Lebedev-Stepanov PV, Borshchev OV. p-Quaterphenyl Crystals: Surface Properties and Nucleation in Solution and Vapor Phase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Postnikov VA, Kulishov AA, Lyasnikova MS, Ostrovskaya AA, Stepko AS, Lebedev-Stepanov PV. Growth from Solutions and Surface Properties of Anthracene Crystals. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Postnikov VA, Sorokina NI, Kulishov AA, Lyasnikova MS, Grebenev VV, Voloshin AE, Borshchev OV, Skorotetcky MS, Surin NM, Svidchenko EA, Ponomarenko SA. Highly luminescent crystals of a novel linear π-conjugated thiophene-phenylene co-oligomer with a benzothiadiazole fragment. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:1076-1085. [PMID: 32830687 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619012484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, growth from solutions and structure of crystals of a new linear thiophene-phenylene co-oligomer with a central benzothiadiazole fragment with a conjugated core, (TMS-2T-Ph)2-BTD, are presented. Single-crystal samples in the form of needles with a length of up to 7 mm were grown and their crystal structure was determined at 85 K and 293 K using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The conformational differences between the crystal structures are insignificant. The parameters of melting and liquid crystalline phase transitions of (TMS-2T-Ph)2-BTD were established using differential scanning calorimetry and the thermal stability of the crystals was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the solutions and crystals of (TMS-2T-Ph)2-BTD were obtained, and the kinetics of their photodegradation under the action of UV radiation were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A Postnikov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya I Sorokina
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A Kulishov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S Lyasnikova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Grebenev
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey E Voloshin
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V Borshchev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya street, 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim S Skorotetcky
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya street, 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay M Surin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya street, 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya A Svidchenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya street, 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya street, 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
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Sosorev AY, Nuraliev MK, Feldman EV, Maslennikov DR, Borshchev OV, Skorotetcky MS, Surin NM, Kazantsev MS, Ponomarenko SA, Paraschuk DY. Impact of terminal substituents on the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of thiophene–phenylene co-oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11578-11588. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two main factors governing the effect of terminal substituents on the properties of thiophene–phenylene co-oligomers are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu. Sosorev
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy
| | - Muzaffar K. Nuraliev
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Feldman
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Dmitry R. Maslennikov
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy
| | - Oleg V. Borshchev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Science
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Maxim S. Skorotetcky
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Science
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Nikolay M. Surin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Science
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Sergei A. Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials
- Russian Academy of Science
- Moscow 117393
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
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