1
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Liu G, Yang J, Zhang K, Wu H, Yan H, Yan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Yang G, Chen H. Recent progress on the development of bioinspired surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures: From fabrication to applications. J Control Release 2024; 367:441-469. [PMID: 38295991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures can implement sophisticated assignment in typical fields including microfluidics, sensor, biomedicine, et al. via regulating their deformation or the material properties. Inspired by natural materials and systems, for example sea cockroaches, water spiders, cacti, lotus leaves, rice leaves, and cedar leaves, many researchers have focused on microneedle functional surface studies. When the surface with high aspect ratio microarray structures is stimulated by the external fields, such as optical, electric, thermal, magnetic, the high aspect ratio microarray structures can undergo hydrophilic and hydrophobic switching or shape change, which may be gifted the surfaces with the ability to perform complex task, including directional liquid/air transport, targeted drug delivery, microfluidic chip sensing. In this review, the fabrication principles of various surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures are classified and summarized. Mechanisms of liquid manipulation on hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures are clarified based on Wenzel model, Cassie model, Laplace pressure theories and so on. Then the intelligent control strategies have been demonstrated. The applications in microfluidic, drug delivery, patch sensors have been discussed. Finally, current challenges and new insights of future prospects for dynamic manipulation of liquid/air based on biomimetic surface with high aspect ratio microarray structures are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kaiteng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongting Wu
- Zhongtong Bus Holding Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingdong Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingxu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dengke Chen
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Urban D, Marcucci N, Wölfle CH, Torgersen J, Hjelme DR, Descrovi E. Polarization-driven reversible actuation in a photo-responsive polymer composite. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6843. [PMID: 37891157 PMCID: PMC10611746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive polymers and especially amorphous azopolymers with intrinsic anisotropic and polarization-dependent deformation photo-response hold great promises for remotely controlled, tunable devices. However, dynamic control requires reversibility characteristics far beyond what is currently obtainable via plastic deformation of such polymers. Here, we embed azopolymer microparticles in a rubbery elastic matrix at high density. In the resulting composite, cumulative deformations are replaced by reversible shape switching - with two reversible degrees of freedom defined uniquely by the writing beam polarization. We quantify the locally induced strains, including small creeping losses, directly by means of a deformation tracking algorithm acting on microscope images of planar substrates. Further, we introduce free-standing 3D actuators able to smoothly undergo multiple configurational changes, including twisting, roll-in, grabbing-like actuation, and even continuous, pivot-less shape rotation, all dictated by a single wavelength laser beam with controlled polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Urban
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, O.S. Bragstads plass 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Christoph Hubertus Wölfle
- Institute of Materials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Torgersen
- Institute of Materials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dag Roar Hjelme
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, O.S. Bragstads plass 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emiliano Descrovi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
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3
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Januariyasa IK, Borbone F, Salvatore M, Oscurato SL. Wavelength-Dependent Shaping of Azopolymer Micropillars for Three-Dimensional Structure Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43183-43192. [PMID: 37646775 PMCID: PMC10510105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces endowed with three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures, showing features in the nanometer to micrometer range, are critical for applications in several fields of science and technology. Finding a fabrication method that is simultaneously inexpensive, simple, fast, versatile, highly scalable, and capable of producing complex 3D shapes is still a challenge. Herein, we characterize the photoreconfiguration of a micropillar array of an azobenzene-containing polymer at different light wavelengths and demonstrate the tailoring of the surface geometry and its related functionality only using light. By changing the irradiated light wavelength and its polarization, we demonstrate the fabrication of various complex isotropic and anisotropic 3D mesostructures from a single original pristine geometry. Quantitative morphological analyses revealed an interplay between the decay rate of absorbed light intensity, micropillar volume preservation, and the cohesive forces between the azopolymer chains as the origin of distinctive wavelength-dependent 3D structural remorphing. Finally, we show the potentialities of this method in surface engineering by photoreshaping a single original micropillar surface into two sets of different mesostructured surfaces exhibiting tunable hydrophobicity in a wide water contact angle range. Our study opens up a new paradigm for fabricating functional 3D mesostructures in a simple, low-cost, fast, and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Komang Januariyasa
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Borbone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Università
degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Salvatore
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Centro
Servizi Metrologici e tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano L. Oscurato
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Centro
Servizi Metrologici e tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 Naples, Italy
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4
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Kaban B, Bagatur S, Soter M, Hillmer H, Fuhrmann-Lieker T. Reversible Photo-Induced Reshaping of Imprinted Microstructures Using a Low Molecular Azo Dye. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030586. [PMID: 35160576 PMCID: PMC8838706 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A blend of low molecular azo glass (AZOPD) and polystyrene (PS) were used for the systematic investigation of photo-induced stretching and recovery of nanoimprinted structures. For this purpose, light and heat was used as recovery stimuli. The AZOPD/PS microstructures, fabricated with thermal nanoimprint lithography (tNIL), comprises three different shapes (circles, crosses and squares) and various concentrations of AZOPD fractions. The results show a concentration-dependent reshaping. Particularly the sample with 43 w-% of the AZOPD fraction have shown the best controllable recovery for the used parameters. A possible explanation for shape recovery might be the stabilizing effect of the PS-matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Kaban
- Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA) and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany; (B.K.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Sekvan Bagatur
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Marcus Soter
- Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA) and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany; (B.K.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hartmut Hillmer
- Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA) and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany; (B.K.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Thomas Fuhrmann-Lieker
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-561-804-4720
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5
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Jo W, Kang HS, Choi J, Jung J, Hyun J, Kwon J, Kim I, Lee H, Kim HT. Light-Designed Shark Skin-Mimetic Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5500-5507. [PMID: 33913722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sharks, marine creatures that swim fast and have an antifouling ability, possess dermal denticle structures of micrometer-size. Because the riblet geometries on the denticles reduce the shear stress by inducing the slip of fluid parallel to the stream-wise direction, shark skin has the distinguished features of low drag and antifouling. Although much attention has been given to low-drag surfaces inspired from shark skin, it remains an important challenge to accurately mimic denticle structures in the micrometer scale and to finely control their structural features. This paper presents a novel method to create shark skin-mimetic denticle structures for low drag by exploiting a photoreconfigurable azopolymer. The light-designed denticle structure exhibits superior hydrophobicity and an antifouling effect as sharks do. This work suggests that our novel photoreconfiguration technology, mimicking shark skin and systematically manipulating various structural parameters, can be used in a reliable manner for diverse applications requiring low-drag surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhee Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Suk Kang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkwan Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Hyun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilju Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyung Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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6
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Qi J, Liang XJ, Yoon J. Advances in Application of Azobenzene as a Trigger in Biomedicine: Molecular Design and Spontaneous Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007290. [PMID: 34028901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene is a well-known derivative of stimulus-responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications. The results of multiple studies have led to the development of light/hypoxia-responsive azobenzene for biomedical use. In recent years, long-wavelength-responsive azobenzene has been developed. Matching the longer wavelength absorption and hypoxia-response characteristics of the azobenzene switch unit to the bio-optical window results in a large and effective stimulus response. In addition, azobenzene has been used as a hypoxia-sensitive connector via biological cleavage under appropriate stimulus conditions. This has resulted in on/off state switching of properties such as pharmacology and fluorescence activity. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of azobenzene as a trigger in biomedicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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7
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Park JE, Won S, Cho W, Kim JG, Jhang S, Lee JG, Wie JJ. Fabrication and applications of stimuli‐responsive micro/nanopillar arrays. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Saebohm Jhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyeong Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhou T, Ruan B, Che J, Li H, Chen X, Jiang Z. Gecko-Inspired Biomimetic Surfaces with Annular Wedge Structures Fabricated by Ultraprecision Machining and Replica Molding. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6757-6765. [PMID: 33748589 PMCID: PMC7970495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current research on gecko-inspired dry adhesives is focused on micropillar arrays with different terminal shapes, such as flat, spherical, mushroom, and spatula tips. The corresponding processing methods are mostly chemical methods, including lithography, etching, and deposition, which not only are complex, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly, but also cannot completely ensure microstructural integrity or performance stability. The present study demonstrates a high-precision, high-efficiency, and green method for the fabrication of a gecko-inspired surface, which can promote its application in dexterous robot hands and mechanical grippers. Based on the bendable lamellar structures of the gecko, annular wedge adhesive surfaces that stick to the finger surfaces of dexterous robot hands to improve their load capacity are proposed and fabricated via a suitable combined processing method of ultraprecision machining and replica molding. The greater the width, the higher the replication integrity, and when the minimum width is 20 μm, the replication error is less than 5.5% due to the superior processing performance of the nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) plating of the master mold. The fabricated annular wedge structures with an optimized width of 20 μm not only exhibit a strong friction force of up to 35.48 mN under a preload of 20 mN in the GCr15/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) friction pair but also demonstrate an obviously improved anisotropic friction characteristic of up to λ = 1.36, as the molecular force exhibits a stronger increase as compared to the decrease of the mechanical force of the structure with a small width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Zhou
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Benshuai Ruan
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Che
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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9
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Chen J, Xu T, Zhao W, Ma LL, Chen D, Lu YQ. Photoresponsive thin films of well-synthesized azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline polynorbornenes as command surface for patterned graphic writing. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Ulyanov EV, Vinogradov DS, McIntosh JR, Gudimchuk NB. Brownian dynamics simulation of protofilament relaxation during rapid freezing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247022. [PMID: 33577570 PMCID: PMC7880439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron cryo-microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a powerful method for visualizing biological objects with up to near-angstrom resolution. Instead of chemical fixation, the method relies on very rapid freezing to immobilize the sample. Under these conditions, crystalline ice does not have time to form and distort structure. For many practical applications, the rate of cooling is fast enough to consider sample immobilization instantaneous, but in some cases, a more rigorous analysis of structure relaxation during freezing could be essential. This difficult yet important problem has been significantly under-reported in the literature, despite spectacular recent developments in Cryo-EM. Here we use Brownian dynamics modeling to examine theoretically the possible effects of cryo-immobilization on the apparent shapes of biological polymers. The main focus of our study is on tubulin protofilaments. These structures are integral parts of microtubules, which in turn are key elements of the cellular skeleton, essential for intracellular transport, maintenance of cell shape, cell division and migration. We theoretically examine the extent of protofilament relaxation within the freezing time as a function of the cooling rate, the filament's flexural rigidity, and the effect of cooling on water's viscosity. Our modeling suggests that practically achievable cooling rates are not rapid enough to capture tubulin protofilaments in conformations that are incompletely relaxed, suggesting that structures seen by cryo-EM are good approximations to physiological shapes. This prediction is confirmed by our analysis of curvatures of tubulin protofilaments, using samples, prepared and visualized with a variety of methods. We find, however, that cryofixation may capture incompletely relaxed shapes of more flexible polymers, and it may affect Cryo-EM-based measurements of their persistence lengths. This analysis will be valuable for understanding of structures of different types of biopolymers, observed with Cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy V. Ulyanov
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - J. Richard McIntosh
- Department of MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Nikita B. Gudimchuk
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Handrea-Dragan M, Botiz I. Multifunctional Structured Platforms: From Patterning of Polymer-Based Films to Their Subsequent Filling with Various Nanomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:445. [PMID: 33573248 PMCID: PMC7866561 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an astonishing number of optoelectronic, photonic, biological, sensing, or storage media devices, just to name a few, that rely on a variety of extraordinary periodic surface relief miniaturized patterns fabricated on polymer-covered rigid or flexible substrates. Even more extraordinary is that these surface relief patterns can be further filled, in a more or less ordered fashion, with various functional nanomaterials and thus can lead to the realization of more complex structured architectures. These architectures can serve as multifunctional platforms for the design and the development of a multitude of novel, better performing nanotechnological applications. In this work, we aim to provide an extensive overview on how multifunctional structured platforms can be fabricated by outlining not only the main polymer patterning methodologies but also by emphasizing various deposition methods that can guide different structures of functional nanomaterials into periodic surface relief patterns. Our aim is to provide the readers with a toolbox of the most suitable patterning and deposition methodologies that could be easily identified and further combined when the fabrication of novel structured platforms exhibiting interesting properties is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Handrea-Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Str. 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str. 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Str. 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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12
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Yang B, Yu M, Yu H. Azopolymer-Based Nanoimprint Lithography: Recent Developments in Methodology and Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2166-2176. [PMID: 32959995 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanofabrication on soft polymeric surfaces is an essential process in many fields, for example, chip manufacturing, microfluidics, high efficiency solar cells, and anticounterfeiting. In order to achieve these applications, various nanofabrication methods have been explored. Among them, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has drawn worldwide attention because of its cheap and fast processability. In this minireview, an overview of azopolymer-based NIL is provided. Since their discovery, azopolymers have demonstrated versatile photoresponsive characteristics due to their unique physical and chemical properties that originate from the photoisomerization of azobenzene chromophores. As such, two aspects are reported in this minireview. On the one hand, various azopolymers showing photofluidization and photoswitchable glass transition temperatures have been developed, thus facilitating methodological advancements in NIL. On the other hand, these on-demand NIL methods provide greater opportunities for azopolymer-based applications, such as templating of optics, directional photo-manipulation of nanopatterns, and micro photo-actuators. Also the challenges are discussed that remain in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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13
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Kim JK, Varenberg M. Drawing-Based Manufacturing of Shear-Activated Reversible Adhesives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20075-20083. [PMID: 32249559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although biomimetic technologies for dry reversible adhesion seem to be maturing, the costs, complexity, and time expenditures associated with the current template-based molding techniques call for research on other fabrication methods. In this paper, we report a novel cost-effective, simple, and flexible drawing-based technique for manufacturing the soft elastomeric thin-film-based microstructures needed for successful implementation of the principles of biological shear-activated adhesion. Several different types of adhesive microstructures are fabricated, and the best of them demonstrate shear-driven amplification of pull-off force by a factor of 40, which significantly outperforms known molded analogues. A simple gripper based on a manual center-clamping vise is shown to enable pick-and-place manipulation of various flat and curved objects of everyday use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kang Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael Varenberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Choi J, Kang HS, Jo W, Kim HT. Light-induced surface patterning of alumina. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20197-20201. [PMID: 35520447 PMCID: PMC9054122 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro/nano-patterned alumina surfaces are important in a variety fields such as chemical/biotechnology, surface science, and microelectro-mechanical systems. However, for patterning alumina surfaces, it still remains a challenge to have a lithographic tool that has large flexibility in design layouts, structural reconfigurability, and a simple fabrication process. In this work, a new alumina-patterning platform that uses a photo-reconfigurable azobenzene–alumina composite as an imprinting material is presented. Under far-field irradiation, the azobenzene–alumina anisotropically flows in the direction parallel to the light polarization. Accordingly, an arbitrarily designed azobenzene–alumina composite by imprinting can be deterministically reconfigured by light polarization and irradiation time. The photo-reconfigured azobenzene–alumina is then converted to pure alumina through calcination in an air atmosphere, which provides thin crack-free alumina patterns with a high structural fidelity. The novel combination of photo-reconfigurable azobenzene moieties and an alumina precursor for imprinting the material provides large flexibility in designing and controlling geometric parameters of the alumina pattern, which potentially offers significant value in various micro/nanotechnology fields. This work presents a new alumina-patterning platform that uses a photo-reconfigurable azobenzene–alumina composite as an imprinting material.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Suk Kang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center
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