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Zhai Z, Zhang B, Wang Y, Liu G. Fine-tuned local coordination environment of Pt-N in nanocarbons for efficient propane dehydrogenation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3263-3273. [PMID: 38196379 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Based on the disturbance of electronic density, nitrogen-doped nanocarbons show promising properties to anchor metal clusters. However, precisely regulating the coordination mode between N species and the active site remains challenging. Herein, we rationally designed three N types (graphitic N, pyridinic N and pyrrolic N) in nanocarbons to anchor Pt clusters for the benchmark propane dehydrogenation. The specific activity of the pyridinic-N-doped catalyst was 147.54 molC3H6 molPt-1 h-1 at 550 °C, which was 1.3 times higher than those of graphitic- and pyrrolic-N-doped catalysts. Unlike the regular tetrahedron Pt cluster in the graphitic-N catalyst or the distorted three-layered Pt cluster in the pyrrolic-N catalyst, the Pt cluster in the pyridinic-N catalyst was an inverted tetrahedron, which increased the contact degree without geometric repulsion towards C-H bond scission. The geometric parameters of detached H and C atoms in the methylene group for the pyridinic N catalyst was decreased to strengthen the C-H bond scission. After CH3CHCH3* adsorption, the Bader charge of the Pt active site also became highly positive, which tailored the d-band center closer to the Fermi level and provided more vacant orbitals for C-H bond breakage. Therefore, pyridinic N in nanocarbons is promising to anchor small-sized Pt for alkane dehydrogenation in terms of geometric and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
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2
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Liu L, Corma A. Bimetallic Sites for Catalysis: From Binuclear Metal Sites to Bimetallic Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4855-4933. [PMID: 36971499 PMCID: PMC10141355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts have broad applications in industrial processes, but achieving a fundamental understanding on the nature of the active sites in bimetallic catalysts at the atomic and molecular level is very challenging due to the structural complexity of the bimetallic catalysts. Comparing the structural features and the catalytic performances of different bimetallic entities will favor the formation of a unified understanding of the structure-reactivity relationships in heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts and thereby facilitate the upgrading of the current bimetallic catalysts. In this review, we will discuss the geometric and electronic structures of three representative types of bimetallic catalysts (bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) and then summarize the synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques for different bimetallic entities, with emphasis on the recent progress made in the past decade. The catalytic applications of supported bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles for a series of important reactions are discussed. Finally, we will discuss the future research directions of catalysis based on supported bimetallic catalysts and, more generally, the prospective developments of heterogeneous catalysis in both fundamental research and practical applications.
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3
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Kumari S, Masubuchi T, White HS, Alexandrova A, Anderson SL, Sautet P. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at Full Atomic Utilization over ITO-Supported Sub-nano-Pt n Clusters: High, Size-Dependent Activity Controlled by Fluxional Pt Hydride Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5834-5845. [PMID: 36867416 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination of density functional theory (DFT) and experiments with atomically size-selected Ptn clusters deposited on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes was used to examine the effects of applied potential and Ptn size on the electrocatalytic activity of Ptn (n = 1, 4, 7, and 8) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Activity is found to be negligible for isolated Pt atoms on ITO, increasing rapidly with Ptn size such that Pt7/ITO and Pt8/ITO have roughly double the activity per Pt atom compared to atoms in the surface layer of polycrystalline Pt. Both the DFT and experiment find that hydrogen under-potential deposition (Hupd) results in Ptn/ITO (n = 4, 7, and 8) adsorbing ∼2H atoms/Pt atom at the HER threshold potential, equal to ca. double the Hupd observed for Pt bulk or nanoparticles. The cluster catalysts under electrocatalytic conditions are hence best described as a Pt hydride compound, significantly departing from a metallic Pt cluster. The exception is Pt1/ITO, where H adsorption at the HER threshold potential is energetically unfavorable. The theory combines global optimization with grand canonical approaches for the influence of potential, uncovering the fact that several metastable structures contribute to the HER, changing with the applied potential. It is hence critical to include reactions of the ensemble of energetically accessible PtnHx/ITO structures to correctly predict the activity vs Ptn size and applied potential. For the small clusters, spillover of Hads from the clusters to the ITO support is significant, resulting in a competing channel for loss of Hads, particularly at slow potential scan rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kumari
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Anastassia Alexandrova
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
| | - Scott L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
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4
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Liu Y, Zong X, Patra A, Caratzoulas S, Vlachos DG. Propane Dehydrogenation on Pt xSn y ( x, y ≤ 4) Clusters on Al 2O 3(110). ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Liu
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xue Zong
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Abhirup Patra
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Stavros Caratzoulas
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Delaware Energy Institute, Center for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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5
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Effects of Synthesis Procedures on Pt–Sn Alloy Formation and Their Catalytic Activity for Propane Dehydrogenation. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Poths P, Li G, Masubuchi T, Morgan HWT, Zhang Z, Alexandrova AN, Anderson SL. Got Coke? Self-Limiting Poisoning Makes an Ultra Stable and Selective Sub-Nano Cluster Catalyst. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Guangjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Harry W. T. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Denchy MA, Wang L, Bilik BR, Hansen L, Albornoz S, Lizano F, Blando N, Hicks Z, Gantefoer G, Bowen KH. Ultrasmall Cluster Model for Investigating Single Atom Catalysis: Dehydrogenation of 1-Propanamine by Size-Selected Pt 1Zr 2O 7 Clusters Supported on HOPG. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7578-7590. [PMID: 36257817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and their functionalized derivatives is a promising pathway in the realization of endothermic fuel systems for powering important technologies such as hypersonic aircraft. The recent surge in interest in single atom catalysts (SACs) over the past decade offers the opportunity to achieve the ultimate levels of selectivity through the subnanoscale design tailoring of novel catalysts. Experimental techniques capable of investigating the fundamental nature of the active sites of novel SACs in well-controlled model studies offer the chance to reveal promising insights. We report here an approach to accomplish this through the soft landing of mass-selected, ultrasmall metal oxide cluster ions, in which a single noble metal atom bound to a metal oxide moiety serves as a model SAC active site. This method allows the preparation of model catalysts in which monodispersed neutral SAC model active sites are decorated across an inert electrically conductive support at submonolayer surface coverage, in this case, Pt1Zr2O7 clusters supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The results contained herein show the characterization of the Pt1Zr2O7/HOPG model catalyst by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), along with an investigation of its reactivity toward the functionalized hydrocarbon molecule, 1-propanamine. Through temperature-programmed desorption/reaction (TPD/R) experiments it was shown that Pt1Zr2O7/HOPG decomposes 1-propanamine exclusively into propionitrile and H2, which desorb at 425 and 550 K, respectively. Conversely, clusters without the single platinum atom, that is, Zr2O7/HOPG, exhibited no reactivity toward 1-propanamine. Hence, the single platinum atom in Pt1Zr2O7/HOPG was found to play a critical role in the observed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Denchy
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin R Bilik
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lucas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sandra Albornoz
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Francisco Lizano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Nicolas Blando
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zachary Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gerd Gantefoer
- Fachbereich fuer Physik, Universitaet Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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8
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Chen X, Peng M, Xiao D, Liu H, Ma D. Fully Exposed Metal Clusters: Fabrication and Application in Alkane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hongyang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Jimenez-Orozco C, Figueras M, Flórez E, Viñes F, Rodriguez JA, Illas F. Effect of nanostructuring on the interaction of CO 2 with molybdenum carbide nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16556-16565. [PMID: 35770743 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides are increasingly used as catalysts for the transformation of CO2 into useful chemicals. Recently, the effect of nanostructuring of such carbides has started to gain relevance in tailoring their catalytic capabilities. Catalytic materials based on molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (MoCy) have shown a remarkable ability to bind CO2 at room temperature and to hydrogenate it into oxygenates or light alkanes. However, the involved chemistry is largely unknown. In the present work, a systematic computational study is presented aiming to elucidate the chemistry behind the bonding of CO2 with a representative set of MoCy nanoparticles of increasing size, including stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric cases. The obtained results provide clear trends to tune the catalytic activity of these systems and to move towards more efficient CO2 transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jimenez-Orozco
- Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de Materiales con Impacto (Mat&mpac), Carrera 87 No 30-65, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Marc Figueras
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth Flórez
- Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de Materiales con Impacto (Mat&mpac), Carrera 87 No 30-65, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José A Rodriguez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Francesc Illas
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Ugartemendia A, Mercero JM, de Cózar A, Jimenez-Izal E. Does the Composition in PtGe Clusters Play any Role in Fighting CO Poisoning?. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high catalytic activity of Pt is accompanied by a high affinity for CO, making it extremely susceptible to poisoning. Such CO poisoning limits the use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this work, using state-of-the-art global minima search techniques and exhaustive electronic structure characterization, the dopant concentration is pinpointed as a crucial factor to improve the CO tolerance of Pt catalysts. By investigating PtGe nanoclusters of different size and composition we found that, for those clusters with roughly the same amount of Pt and Ge, the binding to CO is weakened significantly. The uniqueness of the PtGe equimolar clusters is traced down to the electronic effects. The strong covalency and electrostatic stabilization arising from the advantageous Pt-Ge mixing, make the equimolar clusters highly resistant towards CO poisoning and therefore, more durable. Importantly, the novel catalysts are not only more resistant to deactivation, but they remain catalytically active towards hydrogen oxidation. Representative clusters are additionally deposited on graphene with a pentagon-octagon-pentagon (5-8-5) reconstructed divacancy. The remarkable results of free-standing clusters hold true for surface mounted clusters, in which the interaction with CO is dramatically weakened for those compounds with 1:1 Pt:Ge ratio. Our results demonstrate that Ge can be a promising alloying agent to mitigate the deactivation of Pt and that the dopant concentration is a critical factor in the design of advanced catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Ugartemendia
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Spain
| | - Jose M Mercero
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Spain
| | - Abel de Cózar
- Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Spain
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11
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Korpelin V, Kiljunen T, Melander MM, Caro MA, Kristoffersen HH, Mammen N, Apaja V, Honkala K. Addressing Dynamics at Catalytic Heterogeneous Interfaces with DFT-MD: Anomalous Temperature Distributions from Commonly Used Thermostats. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2644-2652. [PMID: 35297635 PMCID: PMC8959310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) has been widely used for studying the chemistry of heterogeneous interfacial systems under operational conditions. We report frequently overlooked errors in thermostated or constant-temperature DFT-MD simulations applied to study (electro)catalytic chemistry. Our results demonstrate that commonly used thermostats such as Nosé-Hoover, Berendsen, and simple velocity-rescaling methods fail to provide a reliable temperature description for systems considered. Instead, nonconstant temperatures and large temperature gradients within the different parts of the system are observed. The errors are not a "feature" of any particular code but are present in several ab initio molecular dynamics implementations. This uneven temperature distribution, due to inadequate thermostatting, is well-known in the classical MD community, where it is ascribed to the failure in kinetic energy equipartition among different degrees of freedom in heterogeneous systems (Harvey et al. J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 726-740) and termed the flying ice cube effect. We provide tantamount evidence that interfacial systems are susceptible to substantial flying ice cube effects and demonstrate that the traditional Nosé-Hoover and Berendsen thermostats should be applied with care when simulating, for example, catalytic properties or structures of solvated interfaces and supported clusters. We conclude that the flying ice cube effect in these systems can be conveniently avoided using Langevin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Korpelin
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Toni Kiljunen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko M. Melander
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miguel A. Caro
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Nisha Mammen
- Department
of Physics,Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa Apaja
- Department
of Physics,Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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12
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Lavroff RH, Morgan HWT, Zhang Z, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. Ensemble representation of catalytic interfaces: soloists, orchestras, and everything in-between. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8003-8016. [PMID: 35919426 PMCID: PMC9278157 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic systems are complex and dynamic, exploring vast chemical spaces on multiple timescales. In this perspective, we discuss the dynamic behavior of fluxional, heterogeneous thermal and electrocatalysts and the ensembles of many isomers which govern their behavior. We develop a new paradigm in catalysis theory in which highly fluxional systems, namely sub-nano clusters, isomerize on a much shorter timescale than that of the catalyzed reaction, so macroscopic properties arise from the thermal ensemble of isomers, not just the ground state. Accurate chemical predictions can only be reached through a many-structure picture of the catalyst, and we explain the breakdown of conventional methods such as linear scaling relations and size-selected prevention of sintering. We capitalize on the forward-looking discussion of the means of controlling the size of these dynamic ensembles. This control, such that the most effective or selective isomers can dominate the system, is essential for the fluxional catalyst to be practicable, and their targeted synthesis to be possible. It will also provide a fundamental lever of catalyst design. Finally, we discuss computational tools and experimental methods for probing ensembles and the role of specific isomers. We hope that catalyst optimization using chemically informed descriptors of ensemble nature and size will become a new norm in the field of catalysis and have broad impacts in sustainable energy, efficient chemical production, and more. Catalytic systems are complex and dynamic, exploring vast chemical spaces on multiple timescales.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lavroff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
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13
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Sun G, Sautet P. Correction to "Active Site Fluxional Restructuring as a New Paradigm in Triggering Reaction Activity for Nanocluster Catalysis". Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4595. [PMID: 34874692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Gálvez-González LE, Posada-Amarillas A, Paz-Borbón LO. Structure, Energetics, and Thermal Behavior of Bimetallic Re-Pt Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4294-4305. [PMID: 34008972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic Re-Pt is a widely used catalyst in petroleum reforming to obtain high-octane gasoline, but experimental and theoretical information of such systems at the subnanometer scale-namely, as cluster aggregates-is currently lacking. Thus, in this work, we performed a density functional theory-based global optimization study to determine the physicochemical properties of the most stable Re-Pt gas-phase clusters up to six atoms for all compositions. Our results indicate that in these putative global minima (GM) geometries, Re atoms tend to aggregate, while most Pt atoms remain separated from each other. This is even observed in Pt-rich clusters-an indication of the strength of the Re-Re and Re-Pt bonds over pure Pt-Pt ones-due to a strong, directional hybridization of the Re half-filled 5d and the nearly full Pt 5d states. We observe that doping monometallic Pt clusters even with a single Re atom increases their binding energy values and widens the bimetallic cluster highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap. As catalysis occurs at elevated temperatures, we explore the concept of cluster fluxionality for Re-Pt minima in terms of the calculated isomer occupation probability, P(T). This allows us to quantify the abundance of GM and low-energy isomer configurations as a function of temperature. This is done at size 5 atoms due to the wide isomer observed variety. Our calculations indicate that for pure Re5, the P(T) of the GM configuration substantially decreases after 750 K. Especially, for Re4Pt1, the GM is the dominant structure up to nearly 700 K when the second-energy isomer becomes the stable one. Although no ordering changes are seen for Re3Pt2, Re2Pt3, and Re1Pt4, we do observe a structural transition-between the GM and the second isomer-for pure Pt5 above 1000 K. We expect this type of combined first-principles analysis to add to the overall, continuous understanding of the stability and energetics of ultrafine and highly-dispersed Re-Pt petroleum-reforming catalysts and the scarce available information on this particular bimetallic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Gálvez-González
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias (Física), División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Posada-Amarillas
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Lauro Oliver Paz-Borbón
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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15
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Zandkarimi B, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub‐Nano Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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Zandkarimi B, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub-Nano Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11973-11982. [PMID: 33651898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Size selection was demonstrated to suppress Ostwald ripening of supported catalytic nanoparticles. When the supported clusters are subnanometer in size and highly fluxional, such as Pt clusters on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface, this paradigm breaks down, and the established theory of sintering needs a revision. At temperatures characteristic of catalysis (i.e. 700 K), sub-nano clusters thermally populate many low-energy metastable isomers. As these isomers all have different geometric and electronic structures, and thus, formation and dissociation energies (in lieu of surface energy), Ostwald ripening is not suppressed, despite the size-selection. However, some clusters arise as magic numbers in terms of sintering stability at the ensemble level. Acceleration of sintering by metastable species persists though weakens in polydisperse cluster systems. We propose a competing pathways theory for sintering, which at the atomistic level describes the found size-specific sintering behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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17
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Liu S, Zhang B, Liu G. Metal-based catalysts for the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to light olefins. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of metal-based catalysts, including Pt-, Pd-, Rh- and Ni-based bimetallic catalysts for non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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18
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The Effect of Shape-Controlled Pt and Pd Nanoparticles on Selective Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Trichloroethylene. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the shape of nanoscale materials enables obtaining morphology-controlled surfaces exhibiting specific interactions with reactants during catalytic reactions. The specifics of nanoparticle surfaces control the catalytic performance, i.e., activity and selectivity. In this study, shape-controlled Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with distinct morphology were produced, i.e., cubes and cuboctahedra for Pt and spheres and polyhedra/multiple-twins for Pd, with (100), (111 + 100), curved/stepped and (111) facets, respectively. These particles with well-tuned surfaces were subsequently deposited on a Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) support. The morphological characteristics of the particles were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while their adsorption properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of CO adsorbed at room temperature. The effect of the nanoparticle shape and surface structure on the catalytic performance in hydrodechlorination (HDCl) of trichloroethylene (TCE) was examined. The results show that nanoparticles with different surface orientations can be employed to affect selectivity, with polyhedral and multiply-twinned Pd exhibiting the best ethylene selectivity.
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