1
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Belami D, Lindley M, Jonnalagadda US, Goncalves Bullock AM, Fan Q, Liu W, Haigh SJ, Kwan J, Regmi YN, King LA. Active and highly durable supported catalysts for proton exchange membrane electrolysers. EES CATALYSIS 2024; 2:1139-1151. [PMID: 39246682 PMCID: PMC11375952 DOI: 10.1039/d4ey00026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The design and development of supported catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a promising pathway to reducing iridium loading in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. However, supported catalysts often suffer from poor activity and durability, particularly when deployed in membrane electrode assemblies. In this work, we deploy iridium coated hollow titanium dioxide particles as OER catalysts to achieve higher Ir mass activities than the leading commercial catalysts. Critically, we demonstrate state-of-the-art durabilities for supported iridium catalysts when compared against the previously reported values for analogous device architectures, operating conditions and accelerated stress test profiles. Through extensive materials characterisations alongside rotating disk electrode measurements, we investigate the role of conductivity, morphology, oxidation state and crystallinity on the OER electrochemical performance. Our work highlights a new supported catalyst design that unlocks high-performance OER activity and durability in commercially relevant testing configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Belami
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK
| | - Matthew Lindley
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Umesh S Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| | | | - Qianwenhao Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - James Kwan
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ UK
| | - Yagya N Regmi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK
| | - Laurie A King
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK
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2
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Chen L, Zhao W, Zhang J, Liu M, Jia Y, Wang R, Chai M. Recent Research on Iridium-Based Electrocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction from the Origin of Reaction Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403845. [PMID: 38940392 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As the anode reaction of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the main obstacles to the practical application of PEMWE due to its sluggish four-electron transfer process. The development of high-performance acidic OER electrocatalysts has become the key to improving the reaction kinetics. To date, although various excellent acidic OER electrocatalysts have been widely researched, Ir-based nanomaterials are still state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. Hence, a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism of Ir-based electrocatalysts is crucial for the precise optimization of catalytic performance. In this review, the origin and nature of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the derived volcanic relationship on Ir-based electrocatalysts for acidic OER processes are summarized and some optimization strategies for Ir-based electrocatalysts based on the AEM are introduced. To further investigate the development strategy of high-performance Ir-based electrocatalysts, several unconventional OER mechanisms including dual-site mechanism and lattice oxygen mediated mechanism, and their applications are introduced in detail. Thereafter, the active species on Ir-based electrocatalysts at acidic OER are summarized and classified into surface Ir species and O species. Finally, the future development direction and prospect of Ir-based electrocatalysts for acidic OER are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yin Jia
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ruzhi Wang
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Maorong Chai
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
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3
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Feidenhans’l A, Regmi YN, Wei C, Xia D, Kibsgaard J, King LA. Precious Metal Free Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Design and Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5617-5667. [PMID: 38661498 PMCID: PMC11082907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The quest to identify precious metal free hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts has received unprecedented attention in the past decade. In this Review, we focus our attention to recent developments in precious metal free hydrogen evolution reactions in acidic and alkaline electrolyte owing to their relevance to commercial and near-commercial low-temperature electrolyzers. We provide a detailed review and critical analysis of catalyst activity and stability performance measurements and metrics commonly deployed in the literature, as well as review best practices for experimental measurements (both in half-cell three-electrode configurations and in two-electrode device testing). In particular, we discuss the transition from laboratory-scale hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst measurements to those in single cells, which is a critical aspect crucial for scaling up from laboratory to industrial settings but often overlooked. Furthermore, we review the numerous catalyst design strategies deployed across the precious metal free HER literature. Subsequently, we showcase some of the most commonly investigated families of precious metal free HER catalysts; molybdenum disulfide-based, transition metal phosphides, and transition metal carbides for acidic electrolyte; nickel molybdenum and transition metal phosphides for alkaline. This includes a comprehensive analysis comparing the HER activity between several families of materials highlighting the recent stagnation with regards to enhancing the intrinsic activity of precious metal free hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts. Finally, we summarize future directions and provide recommendations for the field in this area of electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yagya N. Regmi
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
- Manchester
Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester
Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Chao Wei
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dong Xia
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
- Manchester
Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester
Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laurie A. King
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
- Manchester
Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester
Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
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4
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Guo X, Wang Y, Zhu W, Zhuang Z. Design of Superior Electrocatalysts for Proton-Exchange Membrane-Water Electrolyzers: Importance of Catalyst Stability and Evolution. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300514. [PMID: 37986238 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of the high energy conversion efficiency and compact facility, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising green hydrogen production technology ready for commercial applications. However, catalyst stability is a challenging but often-ignored topic for the electrocatalyst design, which retards the device applications of many newly-developed electrocatalysts. By defining catalyst stability as the function of activity versus time, we ascribe the stability issue to the evolution of catalysts or catalyst layers during the water electrolysis. We trace the instability sources of electrocatalysts as the function versus time for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid and classify them into internal and external sources. Accordingly, we summarize the latest studies for stability improvements into five strategies, i. e., thermodynamic stable active site construction, precatalyst design, support regulation, superwetting electrode fabrication, and catalyst-ionomer interface engineering. With the help of ex-situ/ in-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, an in-depth understanding of the instability sources benefits the rational development of highly active and stable HER/OER electrocatalysts for PEMWE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Guo
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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5
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Escalera-López D, Iffelsberger C, Zlatar M, Novčić K, Maselj N, Van Pham C, Jovanovič P, Hodnik N, Thiele S, Pumera M, Cherevko S. Allotrope-dependent activity-stability relationships of molybdenum sulfide hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3601. [PMID: 38684654 PMCID: PMC11058198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is widely regarded as a competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst to replace platinum in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWEs). Despite the extensive knowledge of its HER activity, stability insights under HER operation are scarce. This is paramount to ensure long-term operation of Pt-free PEMWEs, and gain full understanding on the electrocatalytically-induced processes responsible for HER active site generation. The latter are highly dependent on the MoS2 allotropic phase, and still under debate. We rigorously assess these by simultaneously monitoring Mo and S dissolution products using a dedicated scanning flow cell coupled with downstream analytics (ICP-MS), besides an electrochemical mass spectrometry setup for volatile species analysis. We observe that MoS2 stability is allotrope-dependent: lamellar-like MoS2 is highly unstable under open circuit conditions, whereas cluster-like amorphous MoS3-x instability is induced by a severe S loss during the HER and undercoordinated Mo site generation. Guidelines to operate non-noble PEMWEs are therefore provided based on the stability number metrics, and an HER mechanism which accounts for Mo and S dissolution pathways is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escalera-López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Iffelsberger
- Future Energy and Innovation Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkiňova 656/123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Zlatar
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarina Novčić
- Future Energy and Innovation Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkiňova 656/123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nik Maselj
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chuyen Van Pham
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Thiele
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Technology, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkiňova 656/123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Magnussen OM, Drnec J, Qiu C, Martens I, Huang JJ, Chattot R, Singer A. In Situ and Operando X-ray Scattering Methods in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:629-721. [PMID: 38253355 PMCID: PMC10870989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical and electrocatalytic processes are of key importance for the transition to a sustainable energy supply as well as for a wide variety of other technologically relevant fields. Further development of these processes requires in-depth understanding of the atomic, nano, and micro scale structure of the materials and interfaces in electrochemical devices under reaction conditions. We here provide a comprehensive review of in situ and operando studies by X-ray scattering methods, which are powerful and highly versatile tools to provide such understanding. We discuss the application of X-ray scattering to a wide variety of electrochemical systems, ranging from metal and oxide single crystals to nanoparticles and even full devices. We show how structural data on bulk phases, electrode-electrolyte interfaces, and nanoscale morphology can be obtained and describe recent developments that provide highly local information and insight into the composition and electronic structure. These X-ray scattering studies yield insights into the structure in the double layer potential range as well as into the structural evolution during electrocatalytic processes and phase formation reactions, such as nucleation and growth during electrodeposition and dissolution, the formation of passive films, corrosion processes, and the electrochemical intercalation into battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel
Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF,
Experiments Division, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jason J. Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM,
Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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7
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Wintzheimer S, Luthardt L, Cao KLA, Imaz I, Maspoch D, Ogi T, Bück A, Debecker DP, Faustini M, Mandel K. Multifunctional, Hybrid Materials Design via Spray-Drying: Much more than Just Drying. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306648. [PMID: 37840431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Spray-drying is a popular and well-known "drying tool" for engineers. This perspective highlights that, beyond this application, spray-drying is a very interesting and powerful tool for materials chemists to enable the design of multifunctional and hybrid materials. Upon spray-drying, the confined space of a liquid droplet is narrowed down, and its ingredients are forced together upon "falling dry." As detailed in this article, this enables the following material formation strategies either individually or even in combination: nanoparticles and/or molecules can be assembled; precipitation reactions as well as chemical syntheses can be performed; and templated materials can be designed. Beyond this, fragile moieties can be processed, or "precursor materials" be prepared. Post-treatment of spray-dried objects eventually enables the next level in the design of complex materials. Using spray-drying to design (particulate) materials comes with many advantages-but also with many challenges-all of which are outlined here. It is believed that multifunctional, hybrid materials, made via spray-drying, enable very unique property combinations that are particularly highly promising in myriad applications-of which catalysis, diagnostics, purification, storage, and information are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wintzheimer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leoni Luthardt
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kiet Le Anh Cao
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Andreas Bück
- Institute of Particle Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Place Louis Pasteur, 1, 348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marco Faustini
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Paris, F-75005, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, 75231, France
| | - Karl Mandel
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Galyamin D, Tolosana-Moranchel Á, Retuerto M, Rojas S. Unraveling the Most Relevant Features for the Design of Iridium Mixed Oxides with High Activity and Durability for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. JACS AU 2023; 3:2336-2355. [PMID: 37772191 PMCID: PMC10523372 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is the technology of choice for the large-scale production of green hydrogen from renewable energy. Current PEMWEs utilize large amounts of critical raw materials such as iridium and platinum in the anode and cathode electrodes, respectively. In addition to its high cost, the use of Ir-based catalysts may represent a critical bottleneck for the large-scale production of PEM electrolyzers since iridium is a very expensive, scarce, and ill-distributed element. Replacing iridium from PEM anodes is a challenging matter since Ir-oxides are the only materials with sufficient stability under the highly oxidant environment of the anode reaction. One of the current strategies aiming to reduce Ir content is the design of advanced Ir-mixed oxides, in which the introduction of cations in different crystallographic sites can help to engineer the Ir active sites with certain characteristics, that is, environment, coordination, distances, oxidation state, etc. This strategy comes with its own problems, since most mixed oxides lack stability during the OER in acidic electrolyte, suffering severe structural reconstruction, which may lead to surfaces with catalytic activity and durability different from that of the original mixed oxide. Only after understanding such a reconstruction process would it be possible to design durable and stable Ir-based catalysts for the OER. In this Perspective, we highlight the most successful strategies to design Ir mixed oxides for the OER in acidic electrolyte and discuss the most promising lines of evolution in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Retuerto
- Grupo de Energía y
Química Sostenibles. Instituto de
Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Grupo de Energía y
Química Sostenibles. Instituto de
Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Kang Z, Shi L, Shen Y, Tian B, Zou Y, Chen H, Zou X. Nano-metal diborides-supported anode catalyst with strongly coupled TaO x/IrO 2 catalytic layer for low-iridium-loading proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5119. [PMID: 37612274 PMCID: PMC10447464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and high iridium loading in catalyst coated membrane (CCM) are the key challenges for practical proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, we demonstrate high-surface-area nano-metal diborides as promising supports of iridium-based OER nanocatalysts for realizing efficient, low-iridium-loading PEMWE. Nano-metal diborides are prepared by a novel disulphide-to-diboride transition route, in which the entropy contribution to the Gibbs free energy by generation of gaseous sulfur-containing products plays a crucial role. The nano-metal diborides, TaB2 in particular, are investigated as the support of IrO2 nanocatalysts, which finally forms a TaOx/IrO2 heterojunction catalytic layer on TaB2 surface. Multiple advantageous properties are achieved simultaneously by the resulting composite material (denoted as IrO2@TaB2), including high electrical conductivity, improved iridium mass activity and enhanced corrosion resistance. As a consequence, the IrO2@TaB2 can be used to fabricate the membrane electrode with a low iridium loading of 0.15 mg cm-2, and to give an excellent catalytic performance (3.06 A cm-2@2.0 V@80 oC) in PEMWE-the one that is usually inaccessible by unsupported Ir-based nanocatalysts and the vast majority of existing supported Ir-based catalysts at such a low iridium loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mingcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhenye Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yucheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Boyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Company Limited), Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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10
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Chiang YC, Pu ZH, Wang Z. Study on Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Ir Nanodendrites Supported on Antimony Tin Oxide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2264. [PMID: 37570580 PMCID: PMC10420946 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the iridium nanodendrites (Ir NDs) and antimony tin oxide (ATO)-supported Ir NDs (Ir ND/ATO) were prepared by a surfactant-mediated method to investigate the effect of ATO support and evaluate the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The nano-branched Ir ND structures were successfully prepared alone or supported on ATO. The Ir NDs exhibited major diffraction peaks of the fcc Ir metal, though the Ir NDs consisted of metallic Ir as well as Ir oxides. Among the Ir ND samples, Ir ND2 showed the highest mass-based OER catalytic activity (116 mA/mg at 1.8 V), while it suffered from high degradation in activity after a long-term test. On the other hand, Ir ND2/ATO had OER activity of 798 mA/mg, and this activity remained >99% after 100 cycles of LSV and the charge transfer resistance increased by less than 3 ohm. The enhanced durability of the OER mass activities of Ir ND2/ATO catalysts over Ir NDs and Ir black could be attributed to the small crystallite size of Ir and the increase in the ratio of Ir (III) to Ir (IV), improving the interactions between the Ir NDs and the ATO support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; (Z.-H.P.); (Z.W.)
- Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; (Z.-H.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; (Z.-H.P.); (Z.W.)
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11
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Bornet A, Pittkowski R, Nielsen TM, Berner E, Maletzko A, Schröder J, Quinson J, Melke J, Jensen KMØ, Arenz M. Influence of Temperature on the Performance of Carbon- and ATO-supported Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7568-7577. [PMID: 37288094 PMCID: PMC10242686 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art industrial electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions are Ir-based. Considering the scarce supply of Ir, it is imperative to use the precious metal as efficiently as possible. In this work, we immobilized ultrasmall Ir and Ir0.4Ru0.6 nanoparticles on two different supports to maximize their dispersion. One high-surface-area carbon support serves as a reference but has limited technological relevance due to its lack of stability. The other support, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), has been proposed in the literature as a possible better support for OER catalysts. Temperature-dependent measurements performed in a recently developed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup reveal that surprisingly the catalysts immobilized on commercial ATO performed worse than their carbon-immobilized counterparts. The measurements suggest that the ATO support deteriorates particularly fast at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bornet
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Pittkowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias M. Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Etienne Berner
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annabelle Maletzko
- Department
for Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer-Institute
for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Strasse 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biochemical
and Chemical Engineering Department, Aarhus
University, Åbogade 40, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Melke
- Department
for Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer-Institute
for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Strasse 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Ju M, Chen Z, Zhu H, Cai R, Lin Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Long X, Yang S. Fe(III) Docking-Activated Sites in Layered Birnessite for Efficient Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11215-11226. [PMID: 37173623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-noble metal catalysts for promoting the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential to efficient water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production. Birnessite has a local atomic structure similar to that of an oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II, while the catalytic activity of birnessite is far from satisfactory. Herein, we report a novel Fe-Birnessite (Fe-Bir) catalyst obtained by controlled Fe(III) intercalation- and docking-induced layer reconstruction. The reconstruction dramatically lowers the OER overpotential to 240 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and the Tafel slope to 33 mV/dec, making Fe-Bir the best of all the reported Bir-based catalysts, even on par with the best transition-metal-based OER catalysts. Experimental characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations elucidate that the catalyst features active Fe(III)-O-Mn(III) centers interfaced with ordered water molecules between neighboring layers, which lower reorganization energy and accelerate electron transfer. DFT calculations and kinetic measurements show non-concerted PCET steps conforming to a new OER mechanism, wherein the neighboring Fe(III) and Mn(III) synergistically co-adsorb OH* and O* intermediates with a substantially reduced O-O coupling activation energy. This work highlights the importance of elaborately engineering the confined interlayer environment of birnessite and more generally, layered materials, for efficient energy conversion catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuwen Chen
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Rongming Cai
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zedong Lin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yanpeng Chen
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xia Long
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
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13
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Park SY, An JW, Baek JH, Woo HJ, Lee WJ, Kwon SH, Bera S. Activity-Stability Trends of the Sb-SnO 2@RuO x Heterostructure toward Acidic Water Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15332-15343. [PMID: 36940264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishments of enhanced activity and durability are a major concern in the design of catalysts for acidic water oxidation. To date, most studied supported metal catalysts undergo fast degradation in strongly acidic and oxidative environments due to improper controlling of the interface stability caused by their lattice mismatches. Here, we evaluate the activity-stability trends of in situ crystallized antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb-SnO2)@RuOx (Sb-SnO2@RuOx) heterostructure nanosheets (NSs) for acidic water oxidation. The catalyst prepared by atomic layer deposition of a conformal Ru film on antimony-doped tin sulfide (Sb-SnS2) NSs followed by heat treatment highlights comparable activity but longer stability than that of the ex situ catalyst (where Ru was deposited on Sb-SnO2 followed by heating). Air calcination for in situ crystallization allows the formation of hierarchical mesoporous Sb-SnO2 NSs from as-prepared Sb-SnS2 NSs and parallel in situ transformation from Ru to RuOx, resulting in a compact heterostructure. The significance of this approach significantly resists corrosive dissolution, which is justified by the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) stability of the catalyst compared to most of the state-of-the-art ruthenium-based catalysts including Carbon@RuOx (which shows ∼10 times higher dissolution) as well as Sb-SnO2@Com. RuOx and Com. RuO2. This study demonstrates the controlled interface stability of heterostructure catalysts toward enhancing OER activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hu Baek
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Woo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Lee
- Institute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Susanta Bera
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Materials Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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14
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Liao F, Yin K, Ji Y, Zhu W, Fan Z, Li Y, Zhong J, Shao M, Kang Z, Shao Q. Iridium oxide nanoribbons with metastable monoclinic phase for highly efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1248. [PMID: 36871002 PMCID: PMC9985653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastable metal oxides with ribbon morphologies have promising applications for energy conversion catalysis, however they are largely restricted by their limited synthesis methods. In this study, a monoclinic phase iridium oxide nanoribbon with a space group of C2/m is successfully obtained, which is distinct from rutile iridium oxide with a stable tetragonal phase (P42/mnm). A molten-alkali mechanochemical method provides a unique strategy for achieving this layered nanoribbon structure via a conversion from a monoclinic phase K0.25IrO2 (I2/m (12)) precursor. The formation mechanism of IrO2 nanoribbon is clearly revealed, with its further conversion to IrO2 nanosheet with a trigonal phase. When applied as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic condition, the intrinsic catalytic activity of IrO2 nanoribbon is higher than that of tetragonal phase IrO2 due to the low d band centre of Ir in this special monoclinic phase structure, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yujin Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenglong Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingwang Shao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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15
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Edgington J, Seitz LC. Advancing the Rigor and Reproducibility of Electrocatalyst Stability Benchmarking and Intrinsic Material Degradation Analysis for Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Edgington
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Linsey C. Seitz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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16
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Wang Y, Guo X, Wang X, Huang J, Yin L, Zhu W, Zhuang Z. Construction of steady-active self-supported porous Ir-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1813-1816. [PMID: 36722877 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for water electrolysis remains a great challenge. A self-supported Ir nanocatalyst was prepared via a self-assembly method. Its porous structure and residual metal incorporation contributed to its high activity and stability for the OER in acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China. .,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China. .,International Clean Energy Research Office, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Junling Huang
- International Clean Energy Research Office, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Likun Yin
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Cui Z, Sheng W. Thoughts about Choosing a Proper Counter Electrode. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zipei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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18
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Zavala LA, Kumar K, Martin V, Maillard F, Maugé F, Portier X, Oliviero L, Dubau L. Direct Evidence of the Role of Co or Pt, Co Single-Atom Promoters on the Performance of MoS 2 Nanoclusters for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz A. Zavala
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Kavita Kumar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Françoise Maugé
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, CEA, UMR CNRS 6252, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Laetitia Oliviero
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Gao J, Liu Y, Liu B, Huang KW. Progress of Heterogeneous Iridium-Based Water Oxidation Catalysts. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17761-17777. [PMID: 36355040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The water oxidation reaction (or oxygen evolution reaction, OER) plays a critical role in green hydrogen production via water splitting, electrochemical CO2 reduction, and nitrogen fixation. The four-electron and four-proton transfer OER process involves multiple reaction intermediates and elementary steps that lead to sluggish kinetics; therefore, a high overpotential is necessary to drive the reaction. Among the different water-splitting electrolyzers, the proton exchange membrane type electrolyzer has greater advantages, but its anode catalysts are limited to iridium-based materials. The iridium catalyst has been extensively studied in recent years due to its balanced activity and stability for acidic OER, and many exciting signs of progress have been made. In this review, the surface and bulk Pourbaix diagrams of iridium species in an aqueous solution are introduced. The iridium-based catalysts, including metallic or oxides, amorphous or crystalline, single crystals, atomically dispersed or nanostructured, and iridium compounds for OER, are then elaborated. The latest progress of active sites, reaction intermediates, reaction kinetics, and elementary steps is summarized. Finally, future research directions regarding iridium catalysts for acidic OER are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Gao
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore627833
| | - Yan Liu
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore627833
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637459
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore627833
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore138634
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20
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Sun J, Zhao R, Niu X, Xu M, Xu Z, Qin Y, Zhao W, Yang X, Han Y, Wang Q. In-situ reconstructed hollow iridium-cobalt oxide nanosphere for boosting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution in acid. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Huang B, Xu H, Jiang N, Wang M, Huang J, Guan L. Tensile-Strained RuO 2 Loaded on Antimony-Tin Oxide by Fast Quenching for Proton-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201654. [PMID: 35717677 PMCID: PMC9376819 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Future energy demands for green hydrogen have fueled intensive research on proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). However, the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and highly corrosive environment on the anode side narrow the catalysts to be expensive Ir-based materials. It is very challenging to develop cheap and effective OER catalysts. Herein, Co-hexamethylenetetramine metal-organic framework (Co-HMT) as the precursor and a fast-quenching method is employed to synthesize RuO2 nanorods loaded on antimony-tin oxide (ATO). Physical characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that the ATO can increase the electrochemical surface areas of the catalysts, while the tensile strains incorporated by quenching can alter the electronic state of RuO2 . The optimized catalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 198 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for OER, and keeps almost unchanged after 150 h chronopotentiometry. When applied in a real PEMWE assembly, only 1.51 V is needed for the catalyst to reach a current density of 1 A cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000China
- Collage of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Hengyue Xu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Nannan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000China
- Collage of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Minghao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000China
| | - Jianren Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000China
| | - Lunhui Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000China
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22
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Qin Y, Wang Z, Fu Z, Lai J, Wang L. PdRu/CNTs synthesized by microwave‐assisted method for high stable acidic oxygen evolution reaction. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao PR China
| | - Zuochao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao PR China
| | - Ziqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao PR China
| | - Jianping Lai
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao PR China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao PR China
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23
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Lončar A, Escalera‐López D, Cherevko S, Hodnik N. Inter-relationships between Oxygen Evolution and Iridium Dissolution Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114437. [PMID: 34942052 PMCID: PMC9305877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The widespread utilization of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers currently remains uncertain, as they rely on the use of highly scarce iridium as the only viable catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is known to present the major energy losses of the process. Understanding the mechanistic origin of the different activities and stabilities of Ir-based catalysts is, therefore, crucial for a scale-up of green hydrogen production. It is known that structure influences the dissolution, which is the main degradation mechanism and shares common intermediates with the OER. In this Minireview, the state-of-the-art understanding of dissolution and its relationship with the structure of different iridium catalysts is gathered and correlated to different mechanisms of the OER. A perspective on future directions of investigation is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lončar
- Laboratory for ElectrocatalysisDepartment of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191000LjubljanaSlovenia
- University of Nova GoricaVipavska 135000Nova GoricaSlovenia
| | - Daniel Escalera‐López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable EnergyForschungszentrum JülichCauerstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable EnergyForschungszentrum JülichCauerstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Laboratory for ElectrocatalysisDepartment of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191000LjubljanaSlovenia
- University of Nova GoricaVipavska 135000Nova GoricaSlovenia
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24
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Ravichandran S, Bhuvanendran N, Xu Q, Maiyalagan T, Xing L, Su H. Ordered mesoporous Pt-Ru-Ir nanostructures as superior bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:207-218. [PMID: 34626967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient oxygen bifunctional catalyst Pt-Ru-Ir with ordered mesoporous nanostructures (OMNs) was successfully synthesized by chemical reduction using KIT-6 mesoporous silica as a template. The crystallographic behavior, electronic effects, and microstructure of the catalysts were investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM analysis. The influence of OMNs and the effect of Ir content in Pt-Ru-Ir catalyst on both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were investigated. The synergistic and electronic effects play an important role in electrocatalytic performance through the electronic coupling between Pt, Ru and Ir followed by the alloy formation with different lattice strain percentages. Amongst, the OMNs Pt70Ru25Ir5 catalyst exhibits the highest mass activity of 0.21 mA µg-1 and specific activity of 0.33 mA cm-2 for ORR, which are nearly 5-fold greater than those for benchmark Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the Pt70Ru25Ir5 demonstrated enhanced OER activity with an overpotential of 470 mV at 10 mA cm-2, an onset potential of 1.70 V, and a Tafel slope of 118 mV dec-1, outperforming commercial IrO2. In addition, the durability of the Pt70Ru25Ir5 catalyst for ORR and OER are found to be extended in comparison with that of other catalysts reported in this work after 6000 cycles. These results demonstrate that the ordered OMNs Pt-Ru-Ir with low Ir content (∼5 wt%) could be a promising oxygen bifunctional catalyst for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinathan Ravichandran
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Qian Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Thandavarayan Maiyalagan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Huaneng Su
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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25
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Lončar A, Escalera‐López D, Cherevko S, Hodnik N. Inter‐relationships between Oxygen Evolution and Iridium Dissolution Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lončar
- Laboratory for Electrocatalysis Department of Materials Chemistry National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica Vipavska 13 5000 Nova Gorica Slovenia
| | - Daniel Escalera‐López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy Forschungszentrum Jülich Cauerstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy Forschungszentrum Jülich Cauerstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Laboratory for Electrocatalysis Department of Materials Chemistry National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica Vipavska 13 5000 Nova Gorica Slovenia
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26
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Yang Y, Ji Y, Li G, Li Y, Jia B, Yan J, Ma T, Liu S(F. IrO
x
@In
2
O
3
Heterojunction from Individually Crystallized Oxides for Weak‐Light‐Promoted Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Junqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 People's Republic of China
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27
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Yang Y, Ji Y, Li G, Li Y, Jia B, Yan J, Ma T, Liu SF. IrO x @In 2 O 3 Heterojunction from Individually Crystallized Oxides for Weak-Light-Promoted Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26790-26797. [PMID: 34591342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multi-field coupling, especially photo-assisted electrocatalysis, has recently been studied to further improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, an n-type cubic In2 O3 semiconductor is employed for the first time to load IrOx species (Ir-In2 O3 mass ratio: 17.6 %). Consequently, the IrOx @In2 O3 heterojunction, which exhibits outstanding OER performance promoted by weak-light irradiation, is formed. Notably, IrOx (approximately 1.7 nm in size) and In2 O3 are observed to crystallize independently during heterogeneous nucleation with no Ir atoms doped in the In2 O3 lattice. This avoids Ir loss and ensures the full exposure of all Ir-based sites. The IrOx @In2 O3 heterojunction exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic water oxidation with overpotential values of 190 and 231 mV at current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm-2 , surpassing all IrOx -based catalyst results reported to date. Nano-sized IrOx on the surface, irradiated by the weak-light beam of LED-365 (1.8 mW cm-2 ), can be fully activated as an OER site. Moreover, the overpotential is further reduced to 176 and 210 mV to deliver the corresponding current. This work is anticipated to aid in the design of more efficient multi-field coupling OER systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Junqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
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28
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Lončar A, Escalera-López D, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Hrnjić A, Šala M, Jovanovič P, Bele M, Cherevko S, Hodnik N. Sacrificial Cu Layer Mediated the Formation of an Active and Stable Supported Iridium Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst. ACS Catal 2021; 11:12510-12519. [PMID: 34676130 PMCID: PMC8524421 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The production of
hydrogen via a proton-exchange membrane water
electrolyzer (PEM-WE) is directly dependent on the rational design
of electrocatalysts for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER),
which is the bottleneck of the process. Here, we present a smart design
strategy for enhancing Ir utilization and stabilization. We showcase
it on a catalyst, where Ir nanoparticles are efficiently anchored
on a conductive support titanium oxynitride (TiONx) dispersed over carbon-based Ketjen Black and covered by
a thin layer of copper (Ir/CuTiONx/C),
which gets removed in the preconditioning step. Electrochemical OER
activity, stability, and structural changes were compared to the Ir-based
catalyst, where Ir nanoparticles without Cu are deposited on the same
support (Ir/TiONx/C). To study the effect
of the sacrificial less-noble metal layer on the catalytic performance
of the synthesized material, characterization methods, namely X-ray
powder diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and identical
location transmission electron microscopy were employed and complemented
with scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometer, which allowed studying the online dissolution during
the catalytic reaction. Utilization of these advanced methods revealed
that the sacrificial Cu layer positively affects both Ir OER mass
activity and its durability, which was assessed via S-number, a recently
reported stability metric. Improved activity of Cu analogue was ascribed
to the higher surface area of smaller Ir nanoparticles, which are
better stabilized through a strong metal–support interaction
(SMSI) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lončar
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Escalera-López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen−Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armin Hrnjić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen−Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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29
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The origin of the high electrochemical activity of pseudo-amorphous iridium oxides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3935. [PMID: 34168129 PMCID: PMC8225786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining high activity and stability, iridium oxide remains the gold standard material for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium for green hydrogen production. The reasons for the higher electroactivity of amorphous iridium oxides compared to their crystalline counterpart is still the matter of an intense debate in the literature and, a comprehensive understanding is needed to optimize its use and allow for the development of water electrolysis. By producing iridium-based mixed oxides using aerosol, we are able to decouple the electronic processes from the structural transformation, i.e. Ir oxidation from IrO2 crystallization, occurring upon calcination. Full characterization using in situ and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy allows to unambiguously attribute their high electrochemical activity to structural features and rules out the iridium oxidation state as a critical parameter. This study indicates that short-range ordering, corresponding to sub-2nm crystal size for our samples, drives the activity independently of the initial oxidation state and composition of the calcined iridium oxides. The origins of the superior catalytic activity of poorly crystallized Ir-based oxide material for the OER in acid is still under debate. Here, authors synthesize porous IrMo oxides to deconvolute the effect of Ir oxidation state from short-range ordering and show the latter to be a key factor.
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